Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentation de connaissance temporelle'
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Fontaine, Philippe. "Gsert : Un générateur de systèmes experts à représentation temporelle." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD345.
Full textRepresenting time has become an important domain of research in knowledge representation since the emergence of expert systems. This is particularly true for industrial process control which, with the help of expertise and information coming from the process, must be able to diagnose the faulty behaviour of a system and then to establish the corresponding action plans to solve the disturbance. Our work has been to create a knowledge representation tool where concepts such as duration, dating and scheduling can be represented. The representation used is an extension of the first order predicate calculus which takes into account the temporal component of the knowledge. In this memoir, we present the aspects of this representation which extend the expertise domain usually addressed by classical expert systems tools. Ln the second place, we show that this representation allows the approach of non linear planning problems with concurrent sub goals, simultaneous actions in planning and non instantaneous 'actions
Chen, Ziqiang. "Représentation et gestion de connaissances temporelles et incertaines." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112099.
Full textOmar, Tariq Ali. "Une architecture mixte logicielle et matérielle pour le contrôle intelligent en temps réel." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0089.
Full textAutonomous intelligent control system for a dynamic and dangerous environment necessitates the capacity to identify the failure threats and to plan the real-time responses that ensure safety and goal achievement by the autonomous system. We propose a real-time intelligent control architecture called ORICA. It consists of an AI reasoning subsystem and a real-time response execution subsystem. The AI reasoning subsystem models the temporal and logical characteristics of the environment and plans the system responses. The real-time subsystem, which is composed of a software section and a hardware section, executes these responses to avoid failure of the autonomous system. Its performance behavior is unparalleled by the previous classical approaches (pure hardware or pure software). The software section uses behavior switching according to the frequency of external events and a unique reconfigurable intelligence behavior has been implemented in hardware section, using a reprogrammable chip (FPGA)
Belouaer, Lamia. "Représentation de la connaissance spatiale pour la planification." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2070.
Full textWe are interested in the integration of spatial information for representation and reasoning to plan a mission in the human-robot interaction case. The first part of our work is for representation and spatial reasoning. We propose a spatial ontology: SpaceOntology qualitative and quantitative representation and reasonning. Based on this spatial modeling we have implemented a planner with two modules: a module for symbolic reasoning supported by a task planner and a module for spatial reasoning supported by the path planning and SpaceOntology. The third part of our contributions is the extension of the PDDL planning language to spatial information. This extension permits to express spatial planning problems
El, Zant Manal. "Contribution à une représentation spatio-temporelle des dépêches épidémiologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20666.
Full textA spatio-temporal representation of event structures is important for an automatic comprehension of disease outbreak reports. The dispersion of components in this type of reports makes it difficult to have such a representation. This work describes an automatic extraction of event structures representation of these texts. We built an information extraction system by using cascaded finite state transducers which allowed the realization of three tasks : the named entity recognition, the arguments annotation and representation and the event structure representation. We obtained with this method a recall between 74. 24% and 100% for the named entity recognition task and a recall between 97. 18% and 99. 54% for argument representation task. Thereafter, we contributed to a normalization task in anaphoric pronouns resolution and in some inferences resolution concerning disease causation, concerned person, spatial and temporal location. We obtained a precision between 70. 83% and 100% for anaphoric pronouns resolution. The evaluation of inferences rules resolutions consisted in finding some counterexamples in the corpora for evaluation
Barouni, Foued. "Using spatiotemporal patterns to qualitatively represent and manage dynamic situations of interest : a cognitive and integrative approach." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27291.
Full textDynamic spatiotemporal situations are situations that evolve in space and time. They are part of humans’ daily life. One can be interested in a configuration of situations occurred in the environment and can use it to make decisions. In the literature, such configurations are referred to as “situations of interests” or “spatiotemporal patterns”. In Computer Science, dynamic situations are generated by large scale data acquisition systems which are deployed everywhere thanks to recent technological advances. Spatiotemporal pattern representation is a research subject which gained a lot of attraction from two main research areas. In spatiotemporal analysis, various works extended query languages to represent patterns and to query them from voluminous databases. In Artificial Intelligence, predicate-based models represent spatiotemporal patterns and detect their instances using rule-based mechanisms. Both approaches suffer several shortcomings. For example, they do not allow for representing dynamic and complex spatiotemporal phenomena due to their limited expressiveness. Furthermore, they do not take into account the human’s mental model of the environment in their representation formalisms. This limits the potential of building agent-based solutions to reason about these patterns. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach to represent situations of interest using the concept of spatiotemporal patterns. We use Conceptual Graphs to offer a qualitative representation model of these patterns. Our model is based on the concepts of spatiotemporal events and states to represent dynamic spatiotemporal phenomena. It also incorporates contextual information in order to facilitate building the knowledge base of software agents. Besides, we propose an intelligent proximity tool based on a neuro-fuzzy classifier to support qualitative spatial relations in the pattern model. Finally, we propose a framework to manage spatiotemporal patterns in order to facilitate the integration of our pattern representation model to existing applications in the industry. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: A qualitative approach to model dynamic spatiotemporal situations of interest using Conceptual Graphs. ; A cognitive approach to represent spatiotemporal patterns by integrating contextual information. ; An automated tool to generate qualitative spatial proximity relations based on a neuro-fuzzy classifier. ; A platform for detection and management of spatiotemporal patterns using an extension of a Complex Event Processing engine.
Quirion, Sébastien. "Segmentation temporelle de mouvements cycliques humains à partir d'une représentation squelettique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23739/23739.pdf.
Full textCarreras, Ophélie. "Représentation temporelle et ajustement de l'action à la dynamique de l'environnement." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20079.
Full textSioutis, Michaël. "Algorithmic contributions to qualitative constraint-based spatial and temporal reasoning." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0401/document.
Full textQualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning is a major field of study in Artificial Intelligence and, particularly, in Knowledge Representation, which deals with the fundamental cognitive concepts of space and time in an abstract manner. In our thesis, we focus on qualitative constraint-based spatial and temporal formalisms and make contributions to several aspects. In particular, given a knowledge base of qualitative spatial or temporal information, we define novel local consistency conditions and related techniques to efficiently solve the fundamental reasoning problems that are associated with such knowledge bases. These reasoning problems consist of the satisfiability problem, which is the problem of deciding whether there exists a quantitative interpretation of all the entities of a knowledge base such that all of its qualitative relations are satisfied by that interpretation, the minimal labeling problem, which is the problem of determining all the atoms for each of the qualitative relations of a knowledge base that participate in at least one of its solutions, and the redundancy problem, which is the problem of obtaining all the non-redundant qualitative relations of a knowledge base. Further, we enrich the field of spatio-temporal formalisms that combine space and time in an interrelated manner by making contributions with respect to a qualitative spatio-temporal logic that results by combining the propositional temporal logic (PTL) with a qualitative spatial constraint language, and by investigating the task of ordering a temporal sequence of qualitative spatial configurations to meet certain transition constraints
Tolba, Hany. "Contribution à l'étude du raisonnement temporel : intégration des informations qualitatives et quantitatives et propagation de contraintes." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10394.
Full textVandenbussche, Pierre-Yves. "Définition d'un cadre formel de représentation des Systèmes d'Organisation de la Connaissance." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642545.
Full textKohler, Arnaud. "Proposition d'une structure de représentation de la connaissance pour les raisonnements non classiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11014.
Full textWozniak, Adrianna. "La théorie évolutive de la connaissance. La relation phylogénétique de la représentation à l'objet." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_wozniak_a.pdf.
Full textDans ma thèse j'examine l'hypothèse affirmant qu'il existe des représentations synthétiques a priori (innées), non accessibles au contrôle du sujet (Représentations Acquises Phylogénétiquement, RAP), et que ces représentations proviennent de relations causales sélectives entre l'organisme et certains facteurs de l'environnement phylogénétique; la genèse adaptative des RAP leur procurerait le statut de connaissance. La validité de cette hypothèse est analysée à travers l'étude critique des concepts principaux de la Théorie Synthétique de l'Evolution, tels que le concept du gène, de la causalité génétique, de l'unité de sélection, de l'espèce ; le concept de l'information ; le concept de l'inné. J'examine des suppositions métaphysiques sous-tendant la pratique taxinomique. Enfin, j'introduis la Théorie Relativiste de l'Evolution, inspirée par la théorie du constructivisme évolutif (R. Lewontin) et par la théorie de la construction de niche (Niche Construction de J. Odling-Smee), rompant avec la modélisation externaliste de la relation environnement/organisme propre à la Théorie Synthétique de l'Evolution
Dauvois, Daniel. "La représentation chez Descartes." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040112.
Full textNajjar, Mohamed Mehdi. "Une approche cognitive computationnelle de représentation de la connaissance au sein des environnements informatiques d'apprentissage." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5069.
Full textSalesses, Lucile. "Rôle du niveau de connaissance dans le processus de structuration d'une représentation sociale : l'exemple d'Internet." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10019.
Full textKafa, Aziz. "La perception et la précision spatio-temporelle : représentation mentale et production réelle de mouvements synchrones." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE1125.
Full textOur study focused on the functional similarity between the spatiotemporal perception and production, in real and mental execution of ellipses drawing as a continuous and repetitive task.We hypothesized that the same motor task in mentally or real produced action would generate different patterns of movement (spatiotemporal precision) and different time perceptions.According to the results, it seems that the mental and real modes share the same time scale. The tempo has significantly affected the temporal perception in real and mental mode. Overestimation of time was present in both modes of action.These data support our secondary hypothesis "The amplification of peripheral sensory feedback is likely to facilitate impulse control time despite an execution of continuous movements.The movement characteristics (speed, shape variability, precision spatiotemporal) will therefore be modified by the presence of feedback periphery with impulse nature"
Herradi, Noura. "Représentation sémantique multilingue, multiculturelle et temporelle des relations interpersonnelles, appliquée à une prothèse de mémoire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1205/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a knowledge base for a "smart" memory prosthesis, called CaptainMemo, which aims to help Alzheimer's patients to overcome their memory impairments. This knowledge base is built over the temporal, multicultural and multilingual PersonLink ontology. This ontology gives the memory prosthesis a rigorous, multilingual and temporal semantic representation of interpersonal relationships. The PersonLink ontology is dereferenceable and available in the Linked Data. Multilingualism and temporal representation are two major research topics in computer science and in the Semantic Web in particular.Multilingualism applied to the representation of interpersonal relationships requires specific treatment because it is linked to multiculturalism. In addition, the transition from one culture / language to another is a major research problem. Indeed, literal translation is not always allowed, especially when it comes to interpersonal relationships, because they are culturally dependent. In this context, we propose an approach allowing the representation of ontologies in several cultures / languages. This approach, based on a translation algorithm, allows the transition from one culture / language to another by making a cultural translation rather than a literal one. Thus, by adopting this approach, our PersonLink ontology allows an exact representation of interpersonal relationships, because it takes into consideration the cultural aspect for the definition of each relationship, and assigns the appropriate term according to the language related to this culture. Interpersonal relationships are governed by rules and constraints that define them according to each culture, these constraints are represented semantically in the PersonLink ontology using OWL2. However, it is difficult to consider these constraints when introducing the temporal dimension to represent the time intervals of these interpersonal relationships, especially when these are diachronic and their time intervals are qualitative. Indeed, the legacy models and solutions make it possible to make a temporal representation of the time intervals (e.g. 4D-Fluents), and to link between these time intervals (e.g. Allen Relations), but do not take into account the semantics constraints of interpersonal relationships. In this context, we propose an approach that allows a semantic representation, based on OWL2 constraints, for the representation of qualitative time intervals. Finally, to deal with the intelligence of the CaptainMemo memory prosthesis, we propose an approach for reasoning over time intervals. In this approach we introduce a set of SWRL rules to assert inferred temporal Allen relationships, allowing reasoners, such as Pellet that supports DL-Safe rules, to be used for the inference and the verification of consistency over the temporal relationships between different time intervals. Thus, the table of compositions of the relations between time intervals has been considerably reduced, since it is based on a tractable set of these relations, and, consequently, the processing time of the reasoning becomes shorter
Duvauchelle, Yannick. "Formes des matières conceptuelles : contribution à la sociologie de la connaissance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3061.
Full textThe research’s field is the sociology of knowledge. In this way, the idea is to study simultaneously social data and knowledge facts, and to connect them. More precisely, we would like to think knowledge in terms of practices. : when one observe any event and try to understand it, to identify what he’s looking at, and mobilize words to express his comprehension, his vision, isn’t he doing something, at least on a conceptual level? For this purpose, the research is based on scholar and journalist’s interviews : what type of representation implies each kind of writings? Michel Foucault’s theories happens to be our most important reference for this work
Lee, Jeon Young. "Contribution à l'étude de l'architecture d'un système intégrant les différents formalismes de représentation de la connaissance." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPDE48.
Full textUzan, Pierre. "Vers une logique du temps sémantique : irréversibilité, mesure-quantique et processus de la représentation." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010561.
Full textIrreversibility is not an intrinsic property of the "objects" but is answerable to a theory of knowledge. So it cannot be expressed in the realistic conception of linear time wich underlies the whole physics, conception according to wich the "past" and the "future" are interchangeables. Irreversibility can only be legalised in a conception of relationnel time constituing the actual expression of the inter-subjective process of representation. Considering, after the analyses of bohr, the quantum measurement operation as a paradigm of semantic act, we work out a theory of "quantum" time defined as the process of recording and processing, by the inter-subjective "memory" of the impersonal observer, of the "information" obtained by measures. In the arborescent models of the theory of quantum time where the temporal order relation is defined from the partial order on the ensemble of memory states,(the "instants" of the quantum time), the irreversibility can then find its expression: on the one hand, owing to the anisotropy of its models; on the other hand, because a complete estimate of the infomation quantities which are necessary to predict the evolution of a phenomenon is possible. Futhermore, the notion of "measure of time" can find its full meaning: the "characteristic duration" of a phenomenon can be explained universally with that of information quantity. Lastly, we propound a generalisation of this theory: the semantic acts are modelised as "speaking acts" realised on an hypothetical universal "language" of humain significans; and our symbolic universe is modelised as a "text" written with the same "language". A "de-anthropisation" of the process of representation is also proposed. We outline a theory of semantic time as the general process of representation. That is the process of the co-birth of the subject, without empirical content and formally conceived as the ensemble of the conditions of possibility to "know", and of the meaning, of wich the state is modelised as an universal "text" written with an archetypal "langage"
Margel, Serge. "Le reste et le temps : étude sur la représentation temporelle de l'étant chez Aristote, Hegel et Heidegger." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0328.
Full textThe object of this study on the question of time in aristotle, hegel res, , ), gthned by his correspondence andheidegger is to determine the metaphysical boudaries which limit res, , ), gthned by his correspondence the traditional concept of time. - we will follow closely the heideg- res, , ), gthned by his correspondence gerian interpretation of the history of metaphysics and will analyse res, , ), gthned by his correspondence his conception of the historial relation between being and time inse res, , ), gthned by his correspondence which the meaning of being is always already determined by the horizon res, , ), gthned by his correspondence of time. From there, we will try to understand in the first book how res, , ), gthned by his correspondence this inevitable temporal predetermination is concieved by aristotle res, , ), gthned by his correspondence and hegel. In the second book, we will attempt to analyse how the me- res, , ), gthned by his correspondence taphysical presuppositions of this predetermination can befound, albeit res, , ), gthned by his correspondence stronly displaced, in heidegger's work. Rmination can befound, albeit res, , ), gthned by his correspondence
Matta, Nada. "Méthodes de résolution de problèmes : leur explicitation et leur représentation dans MACAO-II." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30178.
Full textDojat, Michel. "Contribution à la représentation d'expertises médicales dynamiques : Application en réanimation médicale." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD747.
Full textTo represent dynamic medical expertise we studied two mechanisms for temporal abstractions : aggregation of similar observed situations and forgetting non relevant information. These mechanisms allow clinical observations to be incrementally interpreted in real-time. Knowledge distribution between autonomous and asynchronous agents was investigated. We built NéoGanesh, a closed-Ioop knowledge-based system used for ventilator management. NéoGanesh integrates a distributed model of medical reasoning and an explicit representation of time. The system is based on the representation of physicians expertise. It interprets clinical data in real-time and controls the mechanical assistance provided to a patient who suffers from a lung disease. NéoGanesh develops a therapeutic strategy to gradually reeducate the respiratory muscles of the patient, and evaluates his capacity to breathe without mechanical assistance. Our representation paradigm based on object-orientation and production rules facilitates extension, refinement and reuse of knowledge bases. A clinical evaluation of NéoGanesh was performed at Henri Mondor Hospital (Créteil, France). The results show the clinical interest of such a system for patient monitoring and the relevance of the selected models and knowledge representation choices
Tacquard, Claudine. "Proposition d'un modèle cognitif axé sur l'auto-organisation de la connaissance pour la résolution de problèmes." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA2033.
Full textPopov, Valentin. "Contribution à la représentation et à la résolution du problème de conception déclarative de scènes 3D en synthèse d'image." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2306.
Full textChery, Romain. "Plasticité de la dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la représentation d’une odeur dans le bulbe olfactif de souris." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T102.
Full textThe cortical representation of sensory information is fundamental for perception, recognition and storage of different objects in the environment. Sensory coding by neuronal population has two components, time and space, that we studied successively in this thesis. In the olfactory bulb, the rhythmic and transient’s dynamic of the extracellular activities are represented as large oscillations of the local field potential. Several studies indicate that these oscillatory activities vary with the olfactory environment or the experience of the animal. However, very few studies have compared oscillatory profiles evoked by odors between awake and anesthetized animals. The spatial component of sensory processing in the olfactory bulb is characterized by the activation of functional units, the glomeruli, which can be visualized by functional imaging techniques. These distributed activities at the surface of the olfactory bulb form a coarse topography of the olfactory molecules that bind on peripheral olfactory neuroreceptors. However, the fact that these spatial maps are plastic, a crucial aspect of encoding the representation of information in other sensory modalities, is still debated in the olfactory bulb. In this context, the work presented in this thesis is driven by two questions: what is the impact of the level of arousal on the oscillations of local field potential recorded in the olfactory bulb? Are glomerular maps plastic after associative learning? In the same mice, we recorded oscillatory activities in awake and anesthetized conditions (using ketamine-xylazine or ketamine-medetomidine mixtures). We show that the profiles of oscillatory responses evoked by odor stimulations are similar in the two conditions, and that spontaneous activity is differentially modulated according to the anesthetic regime. To study odor spatial coding, we used optical imaging to record odor-evoked glomerular maps using two types of metabolic signals, the intrinsic signal and flavoproteins autofluorescence. We developed chronic optical window on the olfactory bulb that allowed us to compare the spatial maps obtained before and after olfactory learning. We have shown that two types of conditioning exerted a differential impact on the spatial representation of the odor
Condamines, Anne. "Subordination temporelle en français : analyse pour une représentation de l'itérativité dans une perspective de traitement informatisé du discours." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20011.
Full textIn a temporal subordinate clause sentence, the key element is the subordinating conjunction; its meaning acts upon all the other elements of the sentence. This conjunction may be built from a verb, an adverb, a preposition or a noun. Many noun-based connectives can be construed as temporal adverbials followed by a temporal pronoun. In the kind of connectives, plural determination affects the nature and the number of temporal intervals and their mutual relations. In a simple sentence, the plural interpretation of the process may be induced by the predicate, the tense, a plural subject or object, or a temporal adverbial. Considering the tense and the nature of adverbials, kleiber classifies repetitive clauses into iterative, frequentative and habitual. In a complex sentence, the temporal relation between the clauses, as well as the clauses themselves, may be singular, iterative frequentative or habitual. An habitual relation is the result of a tense combination including at least one imparfait or one present. Connectives may stop or favour the habitual interpretation. A frequentative relation may come from a connective which derives from an adverbial that brings about frequence. It may also come from the adverbial presence. Nevertheless, the interpretation remains sometimes ambigous: the clause or the relation may be frequentative. An algorithm is proposed: it gives the temporal relation nature considering connective, predicates and tense combination
Konieczny, Sébastien. "Sur le logique du changement : révision et fusion de base de connaissance." Lille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL10177.
Full textSuptille, Mickaël. "Caractérisation temporelle et spectrale de champs instationnaires non gaussiens : application aux hydroliennes en milieu marin." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0006.
Full textThe operating environment of tidal turbines blades and body is uncertain, due to the flow variability (turbulence,wake, tide, streams...). These structural elements then undergo strongly time-varying complex multi-axial random stress states. A design based on static and deterministic criteria thus appears insufficient to take the complexity and the variability of the mechanical loading into account. This work aims at setting sizing methods that are adapted to this situation, in order to design tidal turbines with mastered risks and costs. The proposed method lies on a statistical description of the flow, in order to characterize the load of the turbine and the extreme mechanical stresses at the blade foot
Diss, Stéphanie. "Apport de l'imagerie radar pour la connaissance spatio-temporelle des champs de pluie : utilisation pour une modélisation prédictive des crues." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066038.
Full textShetty, Reena. "Enrichissement de réseaux sémantiques par la proximité de concepts." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005840.
Full textCarvalho, Felipe. "La pensée démonstrative : une approche pragmatique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0048.
Full textThis thesis investigates the possibility of explaining our capacity to have demonstrative thoughts about particulars in our external environment within a broadly pragmatist approach to singular mental representation. This approach will be introduced in the context of a debate between conceptualists and perceptualists about demonstrative thought. According to the first, this capacity cannot be explained in the absence of sophistioated background conceptual knowledge of what objects are and how they behave in space and time. According to the latter we can explain it at the more primitive level of perception, on the basis of low-level perceptual processes that are naturally tuned to the task of individuating and fracking medium-sized material objects. This thesis will argue that a more desirable middle ground can be attained by adopting a pragmatist approach to demonstrative thought, where the capacity to think about particulars in the world is explained through a practical knowledge of what objects are and how they behave, acquired through repeated pattems of active interactions with objects in the world
Mufti-Alchawafa, Dima. "Modélisation et représentation de la connaissance pour la conception d'un système décisionnel dans un environnement informatique d'apprentissage en chirurgie." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00380562.
Full textDans le cadre de notre travail, les résultats du diagnostic de l'état de connaissance de l'apprenant ne peuvent être déduits qu'avec un certain degré d'incertaine. De ce fait, nous avons choisi les réseaux bayésiens pour représenter la connaissance et le diagnostic, et l'approche de la théorie de la décision pour automatiser la prise de décisions didactiques.
L'état de connaissance de l'apprenant est déduit en appliquant l'inférence dans le réseau bayésien en fonction des traces de ses activités. Les résultats du diagnostic sont ensuite utilisés dans le modèle de la prise de décisions didactiques pour produire les rétroactions épistémiques en quatre étapes : 1) le choix de la cible qui permet de sélectionner les connaissances visées par la rétroaction ; 2) la détermination de l'objectif qui permet de définir le but de la rétroaction du point de vue de l'apprentissage ; 3) le choix de la forme de la rétroaction ; 4) la détermination du contenu de la rétroaction.
Nous avons implémenté et intégré le modèle de prise de décisions didactiques dans la plateforme de TELEOS. Ainsi, nous avons testé et évalué la cohérence du comportement informatique du modèle, sa sensibilité aux modifications des probabilités et des paramètres, et la pertinence des rétroactions produites.
Benmahbous, Mustapha. "Modélisation de la connaissance architecturale et urbaine : un modèle conceptuel de représentation de la cartographie à la 3D informé." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30011.
Full textBarros, Maria Betânia. "Système de représentation de connaissances tacites : le cas de la stratégie dans un secteur d'énergie." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_barros_m.pdf.
Full textIn the current context of competition based on knowledge, to take action against uncertainties demands companies to seek a better knowledge of themselves, their strengths and weaknesses and the development of a greater capacity for risk management. Analysing the electrical energy sector as an industry, all planning and operational decisions should be inserted within a national context. We present a proposal for strategic analysis developed by a group of specialists in the area of knowledge and client management from the company Eletropaulo, Brasil. Adopting a constructivist methodology, the study analyses the relationship between strategic actions, innovative practices and the environmental context, describing the main initiatives of the decision makers in collaborative and competitive activities. The study encompasses the aspects of innovative practices that vary from unstructured internal activities to organisation of interactions with external counterparties. Attention is directed towards the internal and external actors and to the mechanisms they have created with regards to the establishment of agreements for the development of new technologies and to generate new markets. Our objective was to improve the innovation process through the management of tactical and explicit knowledge taking all the intra-organisational competencies into account. The main result resides in the identification of characteristics of the creative process, influenced by the potential contribution of tactical knowledge, as a resource for a company to gain comparative advantage
Sassine, Renée. "Sytème fondé sur la connaissance pour la modélisation du niveau objectif dans la programmation de tâches de préhension de robots." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30002.
Full textPingand, Philippe. "Etude d'un environnement permettant l'acquisition de connaissance par apprentissage : application à l'analyse structurelle des protéines." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20028.
Full textDosba, Duluc Silvia. "Autour des raisons qui empêchent de penser." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082876.
Full textThe thesis contains as a central point the concern about the signification/sense of knowledge at university, when the acts of imagining and thinking about it seem to be obliterated feelings of restlessness in those regimes of intellectual work sustained by institutional structures, in different power networks. Those production conditions generate the authorizations of "what is thinkable" in times of academic desertion. The political pedagogical discourse which operates on the conditions of reflection questions itself about what the university institution "can see" of what it maintains. Market rules set up the key referents, the hierarchies, the research priorities, the incentives. In that regime, a logic of representation which conceives the real as an object for a subject and truth as correspondence, expands, in the disciplinary fields, a legality turned into evaluation/testing. Fragmentation dissolves academic solidarity, criticism becomes fiction and strips itself of any radicalism
Sardelli, Francesco. "Aspects de la gravitation quantique à boucles : la représentation polymère, la jauge temporelle et lien entre approches covariante et canonique." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4050/document.
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Jacques, Corentin. "Décours temporel de la perception visuelle des visages : de la catégorisation faciale à l'encodage d'une représentation individuelle." Université catholique de Louvain, 2007. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-11302007-101545/.
Full textLamarche-Perrin, Robin. "Analyse macroscopique des grands systèmes : émergence épistémique et agrégation spatio-temporelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933186.
Full textVeillette, Michel. "Représentation de la connaissance combinant les aspects de l'algèbre à la logique de prédicats dans un contexte de diagnostic de pannes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26403.pdf.
Full textCarette, Valérie. "Amélioration de la représentation géométrique 2D et 3D des agrégations de poissons en support à l'étude de leur évolution spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25876/25876.pdf.
Full textGeographic information systems (GIS) are powerful tools to manage, analyse and represent spatial data. They are used in various disciplines, including marine biology. One of the most important phenomena intensively studied by marine biologists is the dynamics of fish. This is partly because there is an increasing need for sustainable management of fisheries which are very important in the economy of coastal zones. Fish aggregations are a fundamental component of these dynamics and should be better understood to establish efficient recovery strategies in the context of declining aquatic resources. However, the traditional representations of fish aggregations do not model those aggregations explicitly as spatial objects. Moreover, despite many interesting capabilities of current GIS, these tools are unable to handle the tridimensional, dynamic and fuzzy nature of fish aggregations. The main objective of this thesis is to propose new approaches to improve the representation of fish aggregations at the regional and local scales. In 2D, the proposed approach is based on the fuzzy spatial objects models, which are based on the fuzzy sets theory. It uses a vector data structure to delineate the maximal and minimal extents of fish aggregations and a raster data structure to model the gradual transition which exists between these boundaries. In 3D, the proposed approach for the representation of fish aggregations is based on the dynamic Delaunay tetrahedralisation and the 3D α-shapes clustering algorithm. The integrated algorithm allows automatic detection of the fish aggregations contained in a dataset. 3D models also allow amongst other things the study of the morphological properties of the different aggregations. Testing these approaches with fisheries data (e.g. datasets from scientific surveys, acoustic datasets) revealed several benefits and limitations which are discussed throughout this thesis.
Raimbault, Thomas. "Transition de modèles de connaissances - Un système de connaissance fondé sur OWL, Graphes conceptuels et UML." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482664.
Full textSilue, Siaka. "Une contribution pour l'aide à la gestion d'un système à base de connaissance." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1099.
Full textJarupintusophon, Pongsak. "Conduite automatique de réacteurs semi-continus à l'aide d'un algorithme de commande prédictive et adaptative intégrant un modèle de connaissance." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT039G.
Full textCenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l'information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543909.
Full textOtmani, Nassim Abdeldjallal. "Modélisation ontologique pour l'acquisition et la représentation progressives des connaissances." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20098.
Full textEach discipline, to some extent, has its own jargon used by experts to describe unambiguously the concepts of a particular domain. This jargon allows experts to communicate effectively and accurately. Efficiency offers the possibility of describing a concept with a single term or expression instead of adding a whole definition. Accuracy reduces the risk of misunderstanding by accurately describing the desired concept. For example, specialized medical terminologies allow doctors to write symptoms or diseases on a patient file. On the other hand, it is not easy for people who are not familiar with the domain to master this jargon. Ontologies make it possible to represent all the concepts of a domain, and the terminologies associated with them. This thesis presents an approach to solving the problem of divergence of knowledge between layman users and experts by leveraging domain ontologies
Battistelli, Delphine. "Passer du texte a une sequence d'images : analyse spatio-temporelle de textes, modelisation et realisation informatique (systeme spat)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040279.
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