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1
Mathews, Ben, Leah Bromfield, and Kerryann Walsh. "Comparing Reports of Child Sexual and Physical Abuse Using Child Welfare Agency Data in Two Jurisdictions with Different Mandatory Reporting Laws." Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050075.
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Empirical analysis has found that mandatory reporting legislation has positive effects on case identification of child sexual abuse both initially and over the long term. However, there is little analysis of the initial and ongoing impact on child protection systems of the rate of reports that are made if a reporting duty for child sexual abuse is introduced, especially when compared with rates of reports for other kinds of child maltreatment. This research analysed government administrative data at the unique child level over a seven-year period to examine trends in reports of child sexual abuse, compared with child physical abuse, in two Australian states having different socio-legal dimensions. Data mining generated descriptive statistics and rates per 100,000 children involved in reports per annum, and time trend sequences in the seven-year period. The first state, Western Australia, introduced the legislative reporting duty in the middle of the seven-year period, and only for sexual abuse. The second state, Victoria, had possessed mandatory reporting duties for both sexual and physical abuse for over a decade. Our analysis identified substantial intra-state increases in the reporting of child sexual abuse attributable to the introduction of a new legislative reporting duty, and heightened public awareness resulting from major social events. Victoria experienced nearly three times as many reports of physical abuse as Western Australia. The relative burden on the child protection system was most clearly different in Victoria, where reports of physical abuse were relatively stable and two and a half times higher than for sexual abuse. Rates of children in reports, even at their single year peak, indicate sustainable levels of reporting for child welfare agencies. Substantial proportions of reports were made by both legislatively mandated reporters, and non-mandated community members, suggesting that government agencies would benefit from engaging with communities and professions to enhance a desirable reporting practice.
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Lope, Dinah Jane, and Haydar Demirhan. "Spatiotemporal Bayesian estimation of the number of under-reported COVID-19 cases in Victoria Australia." PeerJ 10 (October 21, 2022): e14184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14184.
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Having an estimate of the number of under-reported cases is crucial in determining the true burden of a disease. In the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a great need to quantify the true disease burden by capturing the true incidence rate to establish appropriate measures and strategies to combat the disease. This study investigates the under-reporting of COVID-19 cases in Victoria, Australia, during the third wave of the pandemic as a result of variation in geographic area and time. It is aimed to determine potential under-reported areas and generate the true picture of the disease in terms of the number of cases. A two-tiered Bayesian hierarchical model approach is employed to estimate the true incidence and detection rates through Bayesian model averaging. The proposed model goes beyond testing inequality across areas by looking into other covariates such as weather, vaccination rates, and access to vaccination and testing centres, including interactions and variations between space and time. This model aims for parsimony yet allows a broader range of scope to capture the underlying dynamic of the reported COVID-19 cases. Moreover, it is a data-driven, flexible, and generalisable model to a global context such as cross-country estimation and across time points under strict pandemic conditions.
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Klingberg, S., E. Hallenberg, M. Lorentzon, D. Mellström, C. Ohlsson, and L. Hulthén. "Characteristics of under- and over-reporters of energy intake among 18–20-year-old males: the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 11 (November 2008): 1117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007001474.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify and describe characteristics of the bias of reported energy intake of participants in the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study.DesignA validated diet history with a detailed questionnaire and an interview was used. Body fat was analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The ratio of energy intake (EI) to BMR was used to define under-reporters (EI:BMR < 1·30), acceptable reporters (EI:BMR ≥ 1.30 to <2.64) and over-reporters (EI:BMR ≥ 2.64).SettingSahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.SubjectsA total of 695 males (18–20 years).ResultsSixty-eight per cent were classed as acceptable reporters, 22 % as over-reporters and 10 % as under-reporters. The under-reporters had higher BMI and body fat percentage than acceptable reporters (P < 0·001), while over-reporters had lower BMI and body fat percentage (P < 0·001). Over-reporters had more frequent use of protein supplements than acceptable reporters and higher physical activity. Over-reporters had a more regular and under-reporters a less regular meal pattern compared with acceptable reporters.ConclusionsImportant knowledge of dietary reporting bias in a previously sparsely studied population has been provided. Over-reporting of energy intake was more common than under-reporting in the present population of young men and characteristics of under- and over-reporters were identified. The GOOD study was initiated with the central aim to determine environmental and genetic factors involved in the regulation of bone and fat mass, and the nutrient data of the acceptable reporters can be used for further investigation of the health effects of energy and nutrient intake.
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Mikalayeva, Liudmila. "Reporting under International Conventions: A Genre Analysis." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 7, no. 3 (2012): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119112x635168.
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Summary This article applies genre analysis to the state reports of fourteen countries in two first cycles of monitoring of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Focusing on the packaging of information and modality (level of the word), sentence length and quoted speech (level of the sentence), and thematic filling (level of the text), the article checks for the effect of experience in reporting. While novice reporters in general display more ‘conservative’ stylistic choices than experienced reporters, convergence takes place with time, as reports become more formal in the second cycle. At the level of structure of the text, the high rate of non-compliance of experienced reporters with the structural–thematic prescriptions is contrasted with the very good compliance of novice reporters. This finding, which is puzzling if genre competence is confused with perfect formal compliance with genre norm, may be explained by the difference in the meaning of monitoring for different states.
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Crow, Deserai Anderson, and J. Richard Stevens. "Local Science Reporting Relies on Generalists, Not Specialists." Newspaper Research Journal 33, no. 3 (June 2012): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953291203300303.
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This study surveys Colorado reporters to examine the state of local science and environmental journalism. Despite budget cuts and the loss of specialist reporters, local news outlets continue to cover science and the environment with generalists.
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Inten Meutia. "Analysis of GRI Reporter." Think India 16, no. 2 (August 15, 2013): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v16i2.7822.
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This paper reports the characteristic of GRI Reporters. GRI Reporters are corporates that make a sustainability reporting based on GRI guideline and report their reporting to GRI. This paper provides descriptions about the type of corporation, sector of corporation, the region and country, membership of country (OECD and DAC), and application level of corporation of the GRI reporters. From the descriptive analysis, we get information that more companies have the awareness to publish sustainability reports. In this paper, we do analysis on some interesting phenomenons; those are: indication that sustainability reporting has been the concern of SMEs as well as other corporations, financial services sector is the largest sector of the GRI reporter, and in fact many GRI Reporters come from developing countries, instead of developed countries.
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Wu Warren Ong, Ming, See Ming Lim, Judy Sng, and Jeff Hwang. "P.3.33 Knowledge, attitudes, behavior toward needle stick injuries amongst junior doctors in a singaporean hospital – a mixed-methods approach." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A104.2—A104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.286.
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IntroductionNeedlestick injuries (NSI) are common healthcare-related injuries, and possible repercussions include blood-borne infections. Despite that, a large proportion of NSIs are not reported. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of under-reporting, and to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behavior towards NSIs amongst junior doctors in a Singaporean tertiary hospital.MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires completed by 100 junior doctors (response rate 66.7%). 99 survey responses (1 had missing data) were tabulated. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to analyse socio-demographic characteristics, NSI history, and NSI reporting practices. Qualitative data were collected through 12 in-depth interviews. Participants were purposively recruited and semi-structured topic guides were developed using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data analysis was done based on a thematic, inductive approach.Results51.5% of respondents had history of NSI. Amongst respondents with past NSI, 31.4% did not report. NSI reporters were 1.52 times as likely to be aware of how to report as compared to non-reporters (p=0.033). NSI reporters were 1.63 times as likely to feel that reporting benefits their health as compared to non-reporters (p=0.006). NSI reporters were 83% more likely to report a clean needle injury (p=0.021). For non-reporters, the main reasons for not reporting were low risk of transmission (41.2%) and lack of time to report (35.2%). Themes identified in qualitative study include perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived threat, cues to action, organisational culture and recommendations. Recommendations suggested were to change organisational culture, change reporting process, provide reminders and improve lessons on reporting.ConclusionUnder-reporting of NSI may have significant implications to patients, healthcare workers themselves and to the system. Solving this will require recognition that under-reporting is a significant public health problem, then subsequently addressing factors, and instituting targeted interventions to improve reporting rate.
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Shields, Steven, and Sharon Dunwoody. "The Social World of the Statehouse Pressroom." Newspaper Research Journal 8, no. 1 (September 1986): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953298600800105.
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An observational study found Wisconsin statehouse political reporters organized in a social network with four hierarchical levels. Reporters shared routine story information across network levels to promote reporting accuracy and consistency. Reporter relationships with sources were often friendly unless editors reimposed “watchdog” ways of behaving toward sources. Rather than duplicating wire service reports to avoid “missing the story of the day,” reporters instead depended on the wires to supplement their own enterprise reporting.
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Lopes, Ana Isabel, and Ana Margarida Coelho. "Engaged in integrated reporting? Evidence across multiple organizations." European Business Review 30, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 398–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-12-2016-0161.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to provide evidence on geographic and firm-level characteristics within organizations using integrated reporting (<IR>) methodology to communicate their business model to stakeholders; and to shed light on the contend of integrated reports of organizations that have been recognized as leading practice by a reputable award process or through benchmarking. Design/methodology/approach Secondary analysis of data (descriptive and inferential statistics) is used for a sample of 224 organizations (79 classified as <IR> Reference Reporters and 145 as <IR> Regular Reporters) across 26 countries (2011 to mid-2015). Content analysis is used for <IR> Reference Reporters. Findings Evidence for the first objective suggests that compared with <IR> Regular Reporters, the majority of the <IR> Reference Reporters are from Europe, are larger, have a higher market value, are more profitable and are less leveraged. Evidence for the second objective reveals that the guiding principles, fundamental concepts and content elements of the most recent integrated report published by each <IR> Reference Reporter (leading practice) seem less than expected. Research limitations/implications <IR> Examples Database does not cover all of the organizations reporting according to the <IR> framework. Content analysis can be biased by authors’ interpretations. Practical implications Potential benefit both to researchers and to those involved in the reporting of financial and non-financial information using the <IR> tool. Originality/value The originality of the paper is as follows: it contributes to the international debate on the evolution from sustainability to <IR>, provides evidence on geographies and firm-level characteristics of organizations using <IR> to better communicate and provides the most prominent information disclosed by Reference Reporters.
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Jeong, Shin-Gyo. "Legal issues of public interest reporting and reporter protection." Korea Association for Corruption Studies 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52663/kcsr.2022.27.3.131.
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The protection of reporters is a means to protect the freedom of the press, and the free circulation of information cannot be expected without the protection of the reporters. In addition, if the professional duty and conscience of a journalist are presupposed, the protection of reporters should be guaranteed. Theoretically, the protection of reporters guarantees free press coverage and, along with the protection of public interest whistle blowers, will serve as the basis for the development of democracy by monitoring authorities in power and satisfying the people's right to know. In this regard, the Code of Conduct for Journalism Ethics stipulates that the identity of a reporter should not be revealed if the safety of the reporter is in danger or there is a risk of being unfairly disadvantaged. In particular, crime-related reports require very thorough security for the identity of the informant as there is a possibility of secondary damage to the informant due to the disclosure of the identity of the informant. In addition, the protection of public interest whistle blowers is protected by the relevant laws, and there are penalties for violations. There are also views claiming that the scope of protection of sources is not limited to professional and professional media organizations and journalists, but rather broad protection in the free press process. Of course, this will have to be considered more carefully. It would be most effective to take legal action for the protection of sources. This is because it can guarantee their predictability between potential informants and media agencies. However, due to the nature of the Korean media, which shows problems such as abuse of anonymous reporting, sensationalism, and partisanship, it is also true that the law to protect reporters is sometimes criticized for their right to enjoy privileges. Even if there is no law on reporters, judicial administration should make efforts to protect reporters through the freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution.
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Len-Ríos, Maria, Amanda Hinnant, and Ji Yeon Jeong. "Reporters' Gender Affects Views on Health Reporting." Newspaper Research Journal 33, no. 3 (June 2012): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953291203300306.
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A survey of a large national sample suggests that female health journalists feel more strongly than do their male counterparts about the importance of serving as health advocates. The study also finds that female journalists pay more attention to representing women in health news.
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van Erp, Judith, and Kim Loyens. "Why External Witnesses Report Organizational Misconduct to Inspectorates: A Comparative Case Study in Three Inspectorates." Administration & Society 52, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399718787771.
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Inspectorates and enforcement agencies increasingly depend on information from societal actors to detect and enforce business offenses, but little is known about the factors underlying external reporting. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of what drives external reporters to report offenses to enforcement agencies, and how reporters experience the reporting process. Potential reasons to report are derived of the literature on whistleblowing and on business relations within organizational fields. The article then presents findings of an extensive comparative, qualitative empirical study on reporting businesses. We find that reporters aim to incapacitate competitors who gain economic advantage by bending the rules, and regard inspectorates as their ally in maintaining a level playing field.
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Maier, Scott R. "Digital Diffusion in Newsrooms: The Uneven Advance of Computer-Assisted Reporting." Newspaper Research Journal 21, no. 2 (March 2000): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953290002100208.
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A survey of CAR trainers found that half of reporters at respondent newspapers do not routinely use the Internet for research. Trainers estimate that 10 percent of reporters used computers for data analysis.
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RAVELLI, Michele Novaes, Maria Márcia Pereira SARTORI, José Eduardo CORRENTE, Irineu RASERA JUNIOR, Noa Pereira Prada de SOUZA, and Maria Rita Marques de OLIVEIRA. "The under-reporting of energy intake influences the dietary pattern reported by obese women in the waiting list for bariatric surgery." Revista de Nutrição 31, no. 2 (March 2018): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000200009.
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ABSTRACT Objective To verify the interference of the energy intake under-reporting in the determination of the dietary patterns and nutrient intakes reported by obese women in the waiting list for bariatric surgery. Methods The study included 412 women aged 20 to 45 years with a body mass index ranging from 35 to 60kg/m2 who were on waiting list for bariatric surgery. Data from three reported food intake and physical activity, body weight, and height were used for estimating the reported energy intake, physical activity level, and resting energy expenditure. Subsequently, it was checked the biological plausibility of the reported energy intakes, classifying all participants as plausible reporters or under-reporters. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the participants’ dietary patterns. The Mann-Whitney test assessed the reported energy and nutrient intakes between plausible reporters and under-reporters groups. The Z-test assessed the variables of plausible reporters or under-reporters in relation to all participants of the study. Results Six dietary patterns were determined for all participants of study. After excluding information from under-reporting women, only two dietary patterns remained similar to those of all participants, while three other dietary patterns presented different conformations from food subgroups to plausible reporters. The reported energy intake did not present difference for the subgroups of fruits, leaf vegetables and vegetables. However, the energetic value reported for the other food subgroups was higher for the plausible reporters. Conclusion The under-reporting of energy intake influenced the determination of dietary patterns of obese women waiting for bariatric surgery.
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Markussen, Marianne S., Marit B. Veierød, Giske Ursin, and Lene F. Andersen. "The effect of under-reporting of energy intake on dietary patterns and on the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease in women aged 50–69 years." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451600218x.
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AbstractThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether under-reporting of energy intake affects derived dietary patterns and the association between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease. Diets of 6204 women aged 50–69 years participating in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program were assessed using a 253-item FFQ. We identified dietary patterns using principal component analysis. According to the revised Goldberg cut-off method, women with a ratio of reported energy intake:estimated BMR<1·10 were classified as low energy reporters (n 1133, 18 %). We examined the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic diseases by log-binomial regression, and the results are presented as prevalence ratios (PR) and CI. ‘Prudent’, ‘Western’ and ‘Continental’ dietary patterns were identified among all reporters and plausible reporters. The PR expressing the associations between the ‘Western’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary pattern scores and self-reported chronic diseases were consistently highest among plausible reporters except for joint/muscle/skeletal disorders. The largest difference in PR among plausible v. all reporters was found for the association between the ‘Prudent’ pattern and diabetes (PR for highest v. lowest tertile: PRall reporters 2·16; 95 % CI 1·50, 3·13; Ptrend<0·001; PRplausible reporters 2·86; 95 % CI 1·81, 4·51; Ptrend<0·001). In conclusion, our results suggest that under-reporting can result in systematic error that can affect the association between dietary pattern and disease. In studies of dietary patterns, investigators ought to consider reporting effect estimates both for all individuals and for plausible reporters.
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Omoera, Osakue Stevenson, and Oyakemeagbegha Musah. "The News Reporter in Nigeria’s Electoral Process." Asia Social Issues 15, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 248136. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/asi.2022.248136.
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Mass media professionals are increasingly involved in the education of electorates on election matters in the time leading to, the actual election and post-election periods in different media ecosystems. This article examines the outstanding role of the news reporter as a field journalist in Nigeria’s bid for democratic consolidation. Using historical-analytic and direct observation methods, it identifies different categories of reporters according to different approaches to news gathering and reporting. It looks further at the extent of reporters’ commitment to their responsibilities in the Nigerian media ecosystem. In doing this, it highlights the communication techniques news reporters employ to subtly influence the meaning of messages in the news and the election reporter’s competency indices. The study makes critical suggestions aimed at guiding reporters towards wholesomeness in news reporting. That is, scrupulousness with the application of the different approaches that generate equally different implications on the news consumers or members of society. This emphasis is against the backdrop of the reporters’ pivotal role in journalism in the context of an information and communication technology (ICT) culture juxtaposed with the challenges associated with election reporting in the Nigerian polity.
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Zou, Huiying, Xiaofan Liu, Wei Ren, and Tianqing Zhu. "A Decentralized Electronic Reporting Scheme with Privacy Protection Based on Proxy Signature and Blockchain." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (February 7, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5424395.
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The electronic reporting system can alleviate the problems in terms of efficiency, content confidentiality, and reporter privacy imposed in the traditional reporting system. Relying on anonymity, the privacy of reporters can be protected, but the authentication of reporters with fake names should also be maintained. If authenticated anonymity is guaranteed, the reporters may still conduct misbehaviors such as submitting fake reports after the authentication. To address the above dilemma, we propose to apply a proxy signature to achieve authenticated anonymity and employ blockchain to maintain anonymity yet guarantee traceability for reporters’ misbehaviors. We also propose a new proxy signature scheme in this paper by module lattice for postquantum security. The extensive analysis justified our proposed scheme is secure and manageable.
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Ojelabi, Olanike, Randi Campetti, Kathy Greenlee, and Kristin Lees Haggerty. "Closing the Loop: An Environmental Scan of APS-Reporter Feedback Policies and Practices." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 931–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3370.
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Abstract Abuse, neglect, and exploitation of older adults are prevalent and underreported in the United States. Pathways to identifying and resolving cases of abuse against older adults depend on mandated and non-mandated reporters bringing attention to these cases through reports to Adult Protective Services (APS). However, existing research points to several barriers to reporting. One significant barrier is a lack of communication from APS to reporters about reports they have made (e.g., whether the report is appropriate for APS, the investigation outcome, and services provided by APS). This lack of reciprocal communication likely serves as a disincentive for future reporting. This study aims to promote improved communication between APS and reporters by examining the legal, ethical, and practical barriers and facilitators to communication at key points in the reporting and response pathways. In this first phase of the project, we conducted an environmental scan of policies and practices related to reporting, investigation, and feedback. Early results from the environmental scan suggest most APS agencies (81%) do not currently provide feedback to reporters. Among those providing feedback, 20% provide feedback only to mandated reporters, and 50% provide only procedural feedback, which focuses on the process of receiving and screening reports for investigation and not on the outcome of the investigation. In the next phase of this study, we will supplement these findings through interviews with APS leaders across the U.S. These early results will begin to fill an important gap in the understanding of feedback loops between APS and reporters.
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Murakami, Kentaro, and M. Barbara E. Livingstone. "Prevalence and characteristics of misreporting of energy intake in US adults: NHANES 2003–2012." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 8 (August 24, 2015): 1294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515002706.
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AbstractUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of under-reporting and over-reporting of energy intake (EI) among 19 693 US adults ≥20 years of age. For the assessment of EI, two 24-h dietary recalls were conducted using the US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Under-reporters, acceptable reporters and over-reporters of EI were identified by two methods based on the 95 % confidence limits: (1) for agreement between the ratio of EI to BMR and a physical activity level for sedentary lifestyle (1·55) and (2) of the expected ratio of EI to estimated energy requirement (EER) of 1·0. BMR was calculated using Schofield’s equations. EER was calculated using equations from the US Dietary Reference Intakes, assuming ‘low active’ level of physical activity. The risk of being an under-reporter or over-reporter compared with an acceptable reporter was analysed using multiple logistic regression. Percentages of under-reporters, acceptable reporters and over-reporters were 25·1, 73·5 and 1·4 %, respectively, based on EI:BMR, and 25·7, 71·8 and 2·5 %, respectively, based on EI:EER. Under-reporting was associated with female sex, older age, non-Hispanic blacks (compared with non-Hispanic whites), lower education, lower family poverty income ratio and overweight and obesity. Over-reporting was associated with male sex, younger age, lower family poverty income ratio, current smoking (compared with never smoking) and underweight. Similar findings were obtained when analysing only the first 24-h recall data from NHANES 1999–2012 (n 28 794). In conclusion, we found that misreporting of EI, particularly under-reporting, remains prevalent and differential in US adults.
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Riffe, Daniel, and Jesse Abdenour. "“Erosion” of Television City Hall Reporting? Perceptions of Reporters on the Beat in 2014 and 2001." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 94, no. 4 (June 14, 2016): 1096–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699016654683.
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Mail survey ( N = 112) of lead city government reporters at randomly selected television stations in the 210 local designated market areas replicates a 1997 study. The 2014 reporters had a more pessimistic view of station commitment to and valuing of city government reporting than in 1997 study. Among 2014 respondents, older reporters were more pessimistic whereas smaller market reporters were more optimistic, and a majority believes media commitment to covering city government remains generally strong.
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Hilton, Sam Kris, and Helen Arkorful. "Remediation of the challenges of reporting corporate scandals in governance." International Journal of Ethics and Systems 37, no. 3 (February 11, 2021): 356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-03-2020-0031.
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Purpose The barrage of corporate scandals has become pervasive such that it collapsed high-profile organizations worldwide. Prior studies show that reporters of corporate scandals encounter a number of challenges which discourages them from disclosing wrongful acts to appropriate authorities to effect action. Thus, this study aims to examine the remediation of the challenges of reporting corporate scandals in governance. Design/methodology/approach The study used cross-sectional survey design. Primary data was obtained from 400 employees of selected organizations and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression techniques in Statistical Package of Social Science. Findings The results confirm that reporters of corporate scandals are confronted with challenges such as victimization, fear, suspension/dismissal, sideline and high power distance. However, these challenges can be remediated through award, code of conduct, free expression, participation/consultation and safeguard regulations to encourage and protect reporters of corporate scandals. Practical implications The findings imply that there should be an award scheme for reporters, and this must be made known to all employees. Furthermore, code of conduct for employees should include reporting of scandals together with its associated benefits and sanctions. Also, organizations would have to practice consultative/participatory governance system to minimize the effect of high power distance. Finally, regulations should be enacted and enforced to safeguard reporters of corporate scandals. Originality/value This research consolidated the challenges associated with reporting corporate scandals and provides remedies to curtail such challenges so as to encourage employees to report corporate scandals.
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Lioret, Sandrine, Mathilde Touvier, Morgan Balin, Inge Huybrechts, Carine Dubuisson, Ariane Dufour, Mélanie Bertin, Bernard Maire, and Lionel Lafay. "Characteristics of energy under-reporting in children and adolescents." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 11 (January 25, 2011): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510005465.
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Under-reporting (UR) of food intake is an issue of concern, as it may distort the relationships studied between diet and health. This topic has been scarcely addressed in children. The objective of the study was to assess the extent of UR in French children and investigate associated covariates. A total of 1455 children aged 3–17 years were taken from the nationally representative cross-sectional French étude Individuelle Nationale des Consommations Alimentaires (INCA2) dietary survey (2006–7). Food intake was reported in a 7 d diet record. Socio-economic status, sedentary behaviour, weight perception variables and food habits were collected by questionnaires. Weight and height were measured. Under-reporters were identified according to the Goldberg criterion adapted to children. Multivariate logistic regressions investigated the associations between UR and covariates. Rates of under-reporters were 4·9 and 26·0 % in children aged 3–10 and 11–17 years, respectively (P < 0·0001), without significant differences between boys and girls. Overall, UR was positively associated with a lower socio-economic status, overweight, skipping breakfast and dinner, a higher contribution of proteins to energy intake (EI), and a lower contribution of simple carbohydrates to EI. Under-reporters aged 3–10 years also had a higher sedentary behaviour and a lower snack-eating frequency. In adolescents, UR was also associated with a less-frequent school canteen attendance, a perception of being overweight, a wish to weigh less, and current and past restrictive diets. In conclusion, under-reporters differ from plausible reporters in several characteristics related to diet, lifestyle, weight status and socio-economic status. Therefore, it is important to consider this differential UR bias when investigating diet–disease associations in children.
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Farooq, Muhammad Bilal, Ammad Ahmed, and Muhammad Nadeem. "Sustainability reporter classification matrix: explaining variations in disclosure quality." Meditari Accountancy Research 26, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 334–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2017-0218.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a sustainability reporter classification matrix (hereafter referred to as the “matrix”) to explain why some reporters publish better-quality sustainability reports than others and why some reporters experience improvements in the quality of their sustainability reports while others experience no improvement or a decline in sustainability report quality. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on the existing literature, which is analysed using a combination of legitimacy theory (i.e. commitment to sustainability reporting) and resource-based view (RBV, i.e. competencies in sustainability reporting). Findings A two-dimensional matrix is developed representing organisations’ competencies in (explained using the RBV) and commitment to (explained using legitimacy theory) sustainability reporting. Based on these two dimensions the matrix identifies four reporter classifications: incompetent uncommitted reporters (who publish low-quality reports); competent uncommitted reporters (who publish average-quality reports); incompetent committed reporters (who publish average-quality reports); and competent committed reporters (who publish high-quality reports). The matrix explains how reporters can transition from one quadrant/classification to another and how this transition can be either forward (moving from a lower quadrant to a higher quadrant), resulting in improvements in report quality, or backward (moving from a higher quadrant to a lower quadrant), leading to a deterioration in disclosure quality. Originality/value The study builds on the extant literature, combining legitimacy theory with the RBV, to provide a more complete explanation for why organisations publish sustainability reports of varying quality and why this quality varies over time. These insights can also be used to explain variations in the quality of integrated reports. The matrix may prove useful to practitioners as a tool for classifying reporters, identifying issues, assessing risk and tracking progress made.
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Parsons, Paul, and Raymond B. Johnson. "ProfNet: A Computer-Assisted Reporting Bridge to Academia." Newspaper Research Journal 17, no. 3-4 (June 1996): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299601700303.
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Ong, M. W., J. Hwang, S. M. Lim, and J. Sng. "Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards needlestick injuries among junior doctors." Occupational Medicine 69, no. 6 (June 27, 2019): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqz090.
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Abstract Background Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are common healthcare-related injuries and possible consequences include blood-borne infections. Despite that, a large proportion of NSIs are not reported. Aims To estimate the prevalence of under-reporting of NSIs and to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards NSIs among junior doctors in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires completed by 99 junior doctors. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to evaluate socio-demographic characteristics, NSI history and NSI reporting practices. Qualitative data were collected through 12 in-depth interviews. Participants were purposively recruited, and semi-structured topic guides were developed. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Fifty-two per cent of respondents had history of NSI. Of those with history of NSI, 31% did not report injury. NSI reporters were 1.52 times as likely to be aware of how to report injury (P < 0.05), and 1.63 times as likely to feel that reporting benefits their health (P < 0.01) compared with non-reporters. NSI reporters were 83% more likely to report a clean NSI (P = 0.05). For non-reporters, the main reasons for not reporting were perceived low risk of transmission (41%) and lack of time to report (35%). Themes identified in the qualitative data include perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived threats, cues to action and organizational culture. Conclusion Under-reporting of NSIs may have significant implications for patients and healthcare workers. Addressing identified factors and instituting targeted interventions will help to improve reporting rates.
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Hallin, Daniel C., Robert Karl Manoff, and Judy K. Weddle. "Sourcing Patterns of National Security Reporters." Journalism Quarterly 70, no. 4 (December 1993): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909307000402.
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This article explores the use of sources in national security reporting by twenty-three reporters for seven major newspapers, with particular emphasis on the distinction between “statist” and “civil” sources and on the degree of variation among reporters and papers.
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Mungai, Elisabeth, Jonathan Edwards, Taniece Eure, Angela Anttila, Theresa Rowe, Nimalie Stone, and Jeneita Bell. "Catheter-Associated Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Homes—National Healthcare Safety Network, 2013–2018." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s153—s154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.673.
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Background: Catheter-associated symptomatic urinary tract infections (CA-SUTIs) are a common adverse healthcare event in nursing homes and have been the focus of multiple prevention strategies.1 In 2012, the CDC launched the NHSN Long-Term Care Facility (LTCF) Component, which nursing homes, the CDC, and prevention collaborators can use to monitor nursing home CA-SUTI incidence and prevention progress.2 The objective of this analysis was to compare CA-SUTI rates and reporting patterns of nursing homes between 2013–2015 and 2016–2018. Methods: We analyzed CA-SUTI data from nursing homes reporting to the NHSN during 2013–2018. Consistent reporters submitted ≥6 months of complete data in any calendar year during the period. To potentially confirm patterns in CA-SUTI rates, we defined “consecutive” reporters, as nursing homes that submitted data for ≥6 months each year during 2013–2018. CA-SUTI incidence rates were calculated as the number of CA-SUTI events divided by the number of catheter days multiplied by 1,000. Likelihood ratio tests using negative binomial regression were used to compare CA-SUTI rates from 2016–2018 and 2013–2015 among both consistent and consecutive reporters. Results: During 2013–2018, the number of nursing homes submitting at least 1 month of CA-SUTI data to NHSN increased from 60 to 120 (Fig. 1). Among these nursing homes, 194 (88%) were consistent reporters. The pooled CA-SUTI rate of 1.77 per 1,000 catheter days in 2016–2018 was significantly lower than the pooled CA-SUTI rate of 2.45 per 1,000 catheter days in 2013–2015 among consistent reporters by ~24% (Table 1). Also, 50 consecutive reporters submitted CA-SUTI data during 2013–2018. Among these consecutive reporters, the pooled CA-SUTI rate of 2.11 per 1,000 catheter days in 2016–2018 was significantly lower than the rate of 2.53 per 1,000 catheter days in 2013–2015 by ~21% (Table 1). Conclusions: This analysis suggests that nursing homes using NHSN for CA-SUTI surveillance have made progress in prevention efforts. During 2013–2018, evidence showed that CA-SUTI incidence rates declined among consistent reporters between the 2 reporting periods. This decrease was verified among consecutive reporters. Additional study is needed to determine which factors account for varying reporting patterns and differential CA-SUTI incidence.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Pope, Thaddeus Mason. "Legal Briefing: Mandated Reporters and Compulsory Reporting Duties." Journal of Clinical Ethics 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jce2016271076.
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Dirgahayu, Dida. "Persepsi Wartawan terhadap Aktivitas Jurnalistik Investigasi." Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi 18, no. 1 (July 15, 2015): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20422/jpk.v18i1.22.
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Investigative reporting is a journalist working product related to the public interest and contain information that will not be revealed without the efforts of a journalist. Form of original investigative reporting exposing and documenting the various activities subject, previously unknown to the public. The problem in this research is how the perception of journalists on the descriptive with a sample of 20 journalists with the sampling technique is total sample. The results showed reporters normative and practical understanding of journalism and its activities. The reporters have ever been conducting a journalistic investigation. Not all reporters like investigative journalism activities. The journalists motivated conduct investigative journalism because it has the support of companies publishing original work place and feel satisfied with their activities.
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Walker Smith, Bryant. "How Reporters Can Evaluate Automated Driving Announcements." Journal of Law and Mobility, no. 2020 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36635/jlm.2020.how.
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This article identifies a series of specific questions that reporters can ask about claims made by developers of automated motor vehicles (“AVs”). Its immediate intent is to facilitate more critical, credible, and ultimately constructive reporting on progress toward automated driving. In turn, reporting of this kind advances three additional goals. First, it encourages AV developers to qualify and support their public claims. Second, it appropriately manages public expectations about these vehicles. Third, it fosters more technical accuracy and technological circumspection in legal and policy scholarship.
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Tan, Yuzao. "Some Reflections on the Broadcasting and Hosting Skills of Journalists." Insight - News Media 2, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/inm.v2i1.307.
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<p>With the continuous improvement and development of television and radio, the forms of news reports have become rich and diverse. Compared with other news reporting methods, the outbound journalists have enhanced the intuitive nature of news reports by capturing the freshest news information and expressing them fluently, and this way of live reporting has gradually been widely recognized by the audience. Therefore, in the news live reporting process, the news reporters broadcast hosting skills also put forward higher requirements, this article corresponding to how to improve the news reporters broadcast hosting comprehensive literacy, put forward a few effective suggestions.</p>
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Jonnalagadda, Satya S., Dan Benardot, and Marian N. Dill. "Assessment of Under-Reporting of Energy Intake by Elite Female Gymnasts." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 10, no. 3 (September 2000): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.10.3.315.
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This study examines the degree of under-reporting of energy intake by elite, female gymnasts, and the impact this predicted under-reporting has on associated macro and micro nutrient intake. Twenty-eight female U.S. national team artistic gymnasts participated in the study. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food records, and the degree of under-reporting was predicted from the ratio of reported energy intake (EI) to predicted basal metabolic rate (BMRestd), using the standards described by Goldberg et al. (10). Sixty-one percent of the subjects had an EI/BMRestd ratio of < 1.44, and were classified as under-reporters. The under-reporters had higher BMIs and percent body fat, and lower reported total energy intakes than the adequate energy reporters. Additionally, under-reporting of energy intake had a significant impact on reported micro nutrient intake. The under-reporting of energy intake seen in these subjects has an impact on the reported intake of macro and micro nutrients that can influence the interpretation of the nutritional status of these athletes and the strategy for nutrition intervention. Therefore, when assessing dietary intakes of elite gymnasts, some means of determining the accuracy of the reported energy and nutrient intake should be employed to more accurately identify the true nutritional problems experienced by these elite athletes.
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Atwater, Tony, and Frederick Fico. "Source Reliance and Use in Reporting State Government: A Study of Print and Broadcast Practices." Newspaper Research Journal 8, no. 1 (September 1986): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953298600800106.
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Previous state house reporting research has found similarities in coverage and story treatment by print and broadcast media. A survey of Michigan state house reporters and a content analysis of state government stories compared source reliance and citation by print and broadcast reporters. The findings demonstrated a significant and positive correlation between the two groups of reporters on source use and source citation. However, the groups differed on particular sources relied upon and cited in state house coverage. Newspaper stories cited more interview and documentary sources than did broadcast stories and were more likely to present more diverse perspectives on state government.
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Svendsen, Mette, and Serena Tonstad. "Accuracy of food intake reporting in obese subjects with metabolic risk factors." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 3 (March 2006): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051662.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of reported energy intake according to a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary records (DR) in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome risk factors. Subjects were twenty-three men and twenty-seven women with mean BMI of 35·7 (range 30·5–43·8) kg/m2 who participated in a dietary interview based on a FFQ and completed weighed DR. Total energy expenditure was measured with the doubly labelled water method. Total energy expenditure, measured RMR and physical activity level did not differ between under-reporters (50% of the sample) and non-under-reporters. Under-reporters had lower median intake of sweets, desserts and snacks than non-under-reporters (100 V.. 161g/d (P=0·0008) and 61 V.. 128g/d (P.=0·0002) according to the FFQ and DR, respectively). The DR also showed lower energy density (6·7 (sd 1·3) V 7·9 (sd 1·6) kJ/g; P=0·0064), lower intake of sugary drinks (0 V. 167g/d; P=0·0063) and higher scores for dietary restraint (9·0 (sd 5·0) V. 6·1 (sd 3·5); P=0·0285) in under-reporters. Energy density was associated with accuracy according to the FFQ (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (RS) 0·406; P=0·0034) and the DR (RS 0·537; P<0·0001). In multivariate analysis, consumption of bread and sweets, desserts and snacks measured by the FFQ was positively associated with accuracy (I2adjusted 0·46 (95% CI 0·32, 0·70)). According to the DR, consumption of sweets, desserts and snacks was also associated with accuracy, as was dietary restraint (inversely) (I2adjusted 0·67 (95% CI 0·54, 0·83)). In obese subjects with metabolic risk factors, intake of sweets, desserts and snacks, bread and dietary restraint were determinants of reporting accuracy.
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Wilson, Kris M. "Drought, debate, and uncertainty: measuring reporters' knowledge and ignorance about climate change." Public Understanding of Science 9, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/9/1/301.
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Increasingly, the media are important sources of scientific information. Recent studies indicate that this is especially true for climate change. This study analyzes reporters' understanding of climate change by identifying sources of reporter knowledge about climate change, measuring reporters' acquired knowledge against the scientific consensus, and analyzing differences in reporter knowledge based on several factors that may influence climate change reporting. Results show that reporters who primarily use scientists as sources and who work the environmental beat full-time have the most accurate climate change knowledge.
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Kotišová, Johana. "Cynicism ex machina: The emotionality of reporting the ‘refugee crisis’ and Paris terrorist attacks in Czech Television." European Journal of Communication 32, no. 3 (March 14, 2017): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323117695737.
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The article seeks to explore crisis reporters’ emotional culture. Their emotional practices are believed to lie at the core of the paradox of the traditional commitment to objectivity/detachment and witnessing other people’s suffering, and thus to be vital for understanding crisis reporting. The article, focusing on reporting the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ and the 13 November Paris terrorist attacks by Czech Television, addresses the question on how crisis reporters’ emotions are articulated by the processes of crisis reporting. The findings, based on (non-)participant observation in newsrooms and semi-structured interviews with journalists, suggest that repetitive reporting of the emotionally disturbing events and witnessing close or distant suffering may result in declared cynicism. The cynicism is understood as a prerequisite for successful performance of the job; at the same time, it is perceived as an emotional posture that threatens professional ideology.
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Delaronde, Steven, Gary King, Robert Bendel, and Robert Reece. "Opinions among mandated reporters toward child maltreatment reporting policies." Child Abuse & Neglect 24, no. 7 (July 2000): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00151-4.
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Archibald, Erika. "Problems With Environmental Reporting: Perspectives of Daily Newspaper Reporters." Journal of Environmental Education 30, no. 4 (January 1999): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958969909601881.
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Werth, Brian J., Brian J. Werth, Thomas J. Dilworth, Zahra Kassamali Escobar, Alan E. Gross, Katie Suda, Jessina C. McGregor, Andrew M. Morris, Kerry LaPlante, and Kristi Kuper. "621. Reporting Behaviors and Perceptions Towards the National Healthcare Safety Network Antimicrobial Use (AU) and Antimicrobial Resistance (AR) Options." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.815.
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Abstract Background Antibiotic use (AU) and antibiotic resistance (AR; AUR) reporting to National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is suboptimal by US hospitals. The Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) conducted a survey of their membership to 1) Identify characteristics of US health systems that report AUR data 2) Determine how NHSN AUR data are used by health systems and 3) Identify barriers to AUR reporting. Methods An anonymous survey was posted on SurveyMonkey from 1/21- 2/21/2020 and links were emailed to SIDP and SHEA Research Network members. Data were analyzed in Excel and RStudio. Respondent and hospital data were reported as frequencies and percentages. Fisher’s Exact test was used to compare survey responses from NHSN AUR reporters to non-reporters. Results A total of 238 individuals from 43 states responded to our survey. Respondents were primarily pharmacists (84%), from urban (45%), non-profit medical centers (80%) with >250 beds (65%). 62% of respondents reported to the AU option while 19% reported to the AR option. Respondents not using software for local AU or AR tracking were less likely than those using any software for local tracking to report to AU (19% vs 64%) and AR (2% vs 30%) options (P< 0.0001). Among AU and AR reporters 41% and 54% used clinical decision support software to aggregate compile data for upload while 54% and 38% used their electronic health record, and 5% and 8% used another method. Over half of AU (56%) and AR (51%) reporters upload data manually. Regular use of the NHSN data analysis tools was reported by 36% and 9% of those reporting AU and AR data respectively. The most common barriers to reporting were related to technical issues (software, IT support, data formatting) and time/salary support. Among non-reporters, increased expectations to report and better software solutions were most commonly identified as the best ways to increase reporting. Conclusion Efforts to improve AUR reporting should focus on software solutions and increasing the utility of AUR analytical tools. Increasing expectations to report may also help to improve reporting rates. The lower rate of AR vs AU reporting suggests that interventions should also target the AR option. Disclosures Brian J. Werth, PharmD, Shionogi Inc. (Grant/Research Support) Kerry LaPlante, PharmD, Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support)Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)
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Goodman, Joan F. "Should teachers be mandated reporters?" Phi Delta Kappan 102, no. 7 (March 23, 2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00317217211007339.
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Teachers are assigned a multitude of responsibilities they do not want, for which they are poorly suited, and that disrupt their primary roles. One such responsibility is the obligation to serve as mandatory reporters of suspected child abuse and neglect. Joan Goodman reviews the history of this duty, its current parameters, the harmful over-reporting, and its unfortunate consequences for children, teachers, and families. As an alternative to referring suspected abuse cases to authorities, schools could use logarithms for initial screening, involve personnel with more extensive training in identifying potential abuse, or consult a team of in-school personnel to evaluate cases before making referrals.
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Gartmeier, Martin, Eva Ottl, Johannes Bauer, and Pascal Oliver Berberat. "Learning from errors: critical incident reporting in nursing." Journal of Workplace Learning 29, no. 5 (July 10, 2017): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-01-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize error reporting as a strategy for informal workplace learning and investigate nurses’ error reporting cost/benefit evaluations and associated behaviors. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal survey study was carried out in a hospital setting with two measurements (time 1 [t1]: implementation of a critical incident reporting (CIR) system; t2: three months after t1). Correlational and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to interpret the data. Findings Positive cost-benefit correlations and negative cross-correlations were found, with no substantial changes over time. “Reporters” and “learners” were differentiated regarding error-reporting behaviors. Cost-benefit perceptions predicted membership in the “reporters” group; perception of effort costs negatively predicted an error-reporting preference. Research limitations/implications This study was limited, in that only a questionnaire was used to collect data. Practical implications Stressing the benefits of CIR systems should contribute to reducing employees’ perception of reporting costs; thus, ease of use is a critical factor in CIR system use. Originality/value The study empirically probes a well-established theoretical model, and various ideas for further research are suggested.
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Boskovic, Irena, Harald Merckelbach, Thomas Merten, Lorraine Hope, and Marko Jelicic. "The Self-Report Symptom Inventory as an Instrument for Detecting Symptom Over-Reporting." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 36, no. 5 (September 2020): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000547.
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Abstract. The recently developed Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) intends to provide an alternative approach to the detection of symptom over-reporting. Unlike other measures, the SRSI includes both non-existent symptoms (i.e., pseudosymptoms) and genuine symptoms. Previous research using the German SRSI showed that people who exaggerate their complaints over-endorse both types of symptoms. In the current simulation experiment, we tested whether the Dutch and English SRSI are effective in identifying over-reporting by comparing SRSI scores of an honest group ( n = 51) with those of two experimental simulator groups (pain, n = 54; anxiety, n = 53). The pain and anxiety simulators endorsed significantly more genuine symptoms and pseudosymptoms than honest participants (ηp2 = .50 and ηp2 = .30, respectively). Furthermore, pain and anxiety over-reporters specifically over-endorsed symptoms corresponding to their simulation instructions (Cohen’s ds > 0.77). Using the recommended cut-off score, the SRSI detected 48% of pain over-reporters and 73% of anxiety over-reporters, with areas under the curve (AUC) ranging from .88 to .91. These results indicate that the SRSI is a promising tool for identifying over-reporting, but further research with clinical samples is needed.
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Fico, Frederick, and William Cote. "Fairness and Balance in Election Reporting: The 1994 Governor's Race in Michigan." Newspaper Research Journal 18, no. 3-4 (June 1997): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299701800304.
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Bingham, Gary, Kyong-Ah Kwon, and John Kesner. "Child Maltreatment in United States: An Examination of Child Reports and Substantiation Rates." International Journal of Children's Rights 17, no. 3 (2009): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181809x439437.
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AbstractChild maltreatment represents a serious threat to children's rights and is a grave problem in the US and around the world. It is the second leading cause of death for children in the US. Each year, hundreds of thousands of reports are made to child protective services across the US. A fraction of these reports are made by the alleged victims of child maltreatment. While research into maltreatment reporting has generally focused on adult reporters, research on reports made by children themselves has been largely ignored. Data from a national child maltreatment reporting system were analyzed to first describe and then compare reports of maltreatment made by the alleged child victim to other adult reporters. Results indicated that a minority of self-reports are substantiated by child protective services and that the type of maltreatment most often reported by the alleged child victim differed significantly from other adult reporters. Differences related to the gender, race and ethnicity of the child reporter were also found.
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Biltoft-Jensen, Anja, Jeppe Matthiessen, Lone B. Rasmussen, Sisse Fagt, Margit V. Groth, and Ole Hels. "Validation of the Danish 7-day pre-coded food diary among adults: energy intake v. energy expenditure and recording length." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 12 (August 4, 2009): 1838–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509991292.
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Under-reporting of energy intake (EI) is a well-known problem when measuring dietary intake in free-living populations. The present study aimed at quantifying misreporting by comparing EI estimated from the Danish pre-coded food diary against energy expenditure (EE) measured with a validated position-and-motion instrument (ActiReg®). Further, the influence of recording length on EI:BMR, percentage consumers, the number of meal occasions and recorded food items per meal was examined. A total of 138 Danish volunteers aged 20–59 years wore the ActiReg® and recorded their food intake for 7 consecutive days. Data for 2504 participants from the National Dietary Survey 2000–2 were used for comparison of characteristics and recording length. The results showed that EI was underestimated by 12 % on average compared with EE measured by ActiReg® (PreMed AS, Oslo, Norway). The 95 % limits of agreement for EI and EE were − 6·29 and 3·09 MJ/d. Of the participants, 73 % were classified as acceptable reporters, 26 % as under-reporters and 1 % as over-reporters. EI:BMR was significantly lower on 1–3 consecutive recording days compared with 4–7 recording days (P < 0·03). Percentage consumers of selected food items increased with number of recording days. When recording length was 7 d, the number of reported food items per meal differed between acceptable reporters and under-reporters. EI:BMR was the same on 4 and 7 consecutive recording days. This was, however, a result of under-reporting in the beginning and the end of the 7 d reporting. Together, the results indicate that EI was underestimated at group level and that a 7 d recording is preferable to a 4 d recording period.
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Ignaco, Mary Ann E. "Mobile Application for Incident Reporting." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 5, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.5.4.741.
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In the Philippines, reporting an incident always depends on self-reporting to the nearest law enforcer's office or calling a channel using a mobile phone. 911 is the National Emergency hotline to get assistance when an emergency occurs. However, the emergency hotline operated by the Emergency Network Philippines (ENP), cannot retrieve the reporter's location details immediately. Only when the reporters describe the exact location clearly. Yet, many circumstances that the reporters do not know when they are, or sometimes they have imprecise position information. Then, the law enforcers team may not be able to come to the right place efficiently on time. The incident reporting application incorporates the three types of incidents, classified as public disturbance, ordinance violation, and crime incident. To report an incident the application will automatically get the latitude and longitude of the mobile user or an option to manually pinned the location on the google map include also the incident type, description, and photos will be sent to the nearest barangay responder officer. The barangay responder officer able to request a backup officer, the rescue emergency unit such as a hospital ambulance or firefighters, or transfer a report to the nearest police station. The system also manages web admin for responder locations and generates statistical reports including charts and graphs. The positive feedback of the participants during the evaluation stage signifies that the application was accepted as tested and verified by the evaluation results.
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Raji, Kehinde O., Lauren Payne, and Suephy C. Chen. "Reporting Melanoma: A Nationwide Surveillance of State Cancer Registries." Journal of Skin Cancer 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/904393.
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The goal of our study was to determine current melanoma reporting methods available to dermatologists and dermatopathologists and quantify changes in reporting methods from 2012 to 2014. A cross-sectional study design was utilized consisting of website perusal of reporting procedures, followed up by telephone and email inquiry of reporting methods from every state cancer registry. This study was conducted over a six-month period from February to August 2014. A previous similar survey was conducted in 2012 over the same time frame and results were compared. Kansas state cancer registry provided no data. As of August 2014, 96% of 49 state cancer registries had electronic methods available to all designated reporters. Seven (14%) states required an electronic-only method of reporting melanoma cases. Eighty-six percent allowed hard copy pathology report submission. Compared to the 2012 survey, 2 additional states were found to have initiated electronic reporting methods by 2014. In conclusion, a variety of methods exist for reporting diagnosed melanoma cases. Although most state cancer registries were equipped for electronic transmission of cases for mandated reporters, a number of states were ill-equipped for electronic submission from outpatient dermatologists. There was a general trend towards electronic versus nonelectronic reporting from 2012 to 2014.
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Wilmshurst, Trevor D., and Geoffrey R. Frost. "Corporate environmental reporting." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570010316126.
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This paper analyses the link between the importance, as stated by reporters, of specific factors in the decision to disclose environmental information and actual reporting practices. Through a mail survey, chief finance officers (CFOs) of selected Australian companies rated the perceived importance of specific factors in the decision to disclose environmental information. Environmental disclosure within respondents’ annual reports were reviewed and an analysis was undertaken to determine if relationships existed between actual reporting practices and ratings of importance assigned to various factors. The results indicate some significant correlations between the perceived importance of a number of factors and environmental reporting practices. The results of the analysis provide limited support for legitimacy theory as an explanatory link between identified influential factors in management’s decision process and actual environmental disclosure.
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Kotisova, Johana. "When the crisis comes home: Emotions, professionalism, and reporting on 22 March in Belgian journalists’ narratives." Journalism 21, no. 11 (December 19, 2017): 1710–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884917748519.
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On the morning of 22 March 2016, three coordinated suicide bombings planned by Daesh occurred in Brussels. Those Belgian reporters who commonly travel to conflict zones and disaster sites had to report on a ‘combat zone event’ that was happening at the place where they, their families, and friends lived. Their subjective experience of witnesses, actors, and even indirect victims merged with their professional tasks. The traditional journalistic commitment to objectivity – that is, detachment, impartiality, fairness, or professional distance – that remains to be a cornerstone of journalists’ professional self-perception and an assumed source of their authority, was challenged. The article seeks to explore the aftermath of the unprecedentedly close terrorist attacks among Belgian journalists. Based on in-depth, narrative interviews with 10 Belgian ‘crisis reporters’, the article addresses the following questions: In which sense did the reporters experience the attacks as different from other crises? How did they deal with the unusually complex relationship between their personal and professional identities? What form(s) of objectivity did they employ and (how) did their work on emotional boundaries interfere with such a norm? The findings show that the radical, ‘surreal’ alteration of the reporters’ lifeworld resulted in a fundamental conflict between personal and professional identities. In turn, their rupture but inseparability helped to shape the objectivity-as-a-practice employed by the journalists on and after 22 March.
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Steiner, Linda. "Women war reporters’ resistance and silence in the face of sexism and sexual violence." Media & Jornalismo 17, no. 30 (October 11, 2017): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-5462_30_1.
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Women began reporting on war in the mid-nineteenth century, covering, among other wars, Europeans revolutions and the US Civil War. The numbers of women reporting on war increased over the twentieth century with the First and Second World Wars and especially the Vietnam War. This increased again more recently, when many news organizations needed journalists in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Nonetheless, war reporting remains widely regarded as men’s domain. It remains a highly sexist domain. Women war reporters continue to face condescension, pseudo-protectionism, disdain, lewdness, and hostility from their bosses, rivals, military brass, and the public. They also experience sexual violence, although they are discouraged from complaining about assaults, so that they can keep working. This research focuses on the sexism and sexual harassment facing contemporary women war reporters, with particular attention to Lara Logan, whose career demonstrates many of these highly gendered tensions.