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1
Majoor, Alissa. "Identification de composés immuno-stimulateurs anti-microbiens de nouvelle génération." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ6027.
Abstract:
La Leishmaniose est une maladie tropicale négligée que l’on retrouve dans plus de 88 pays à travers le monde. On compte par an jusqu’à 1 000 000 de nouveaux cas, menant à près de 30 000 morts. Chez l’homme, il existe plusieurs formes de la maladie, allant d’une forme cutanée pouvant guérir spontanément, à la forme viscérale la plus grave.La leishmaniose viscérale est conférée par plusieurs espèces de leishmanies, dont L. infantum dans le pourtour du bassin Méditerranéen. Ce parasite dimorphique envahit les macrophages de ses hôtes notamment l’humain et le chien où il est responsable de la maladie. En l’absence de traitement, la leishmaniose viscérale est mortelle et les traitements existants aujourd’hui sont toxiques, coûteux, et font face à l’apparition croissante de résistances.Trouver de nouveaux traitements est donc aujourd’hui une priorité, et ce projet de thèse vise à identifier des alternatives naturelles aux molécules anti-Leishmania. En prenant une approche écologique, nous récupérons des déchets de la parfumerie et des plantes issues de la biodiversité locale et nous en testons les extraits sur les parasites afin d’identifier des composés immunostimulateurs, qui permettraient de favoriser une élimination du parasite par l’hôte. Afin de pouvoir suivre l’évolution au cours du temps d’une infection in vitro et/ou in vivo, nous avons également cherché à créer de nouveaux outils pour visualiser la présence du parasite Leishmania en développant de nouvelles souches rapportrices fluorescentes et bioluminescentes.Au cours de ma thèse, nous avons identifié une plante dont l’extrait favorise l’élimination de la forme amastigote intracellulaire retrouvée dans les macrophages hôtes. A l’aide de nos collaborateurs à l’Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), nous avons réalisé un fractionnement bioguidé et obtenu des sous-fractions de cette plante ainsi que des molécules pures capables d’éliminer le parasite Leishmania infantum.Une seule molécule, dont le nom est soumis à confidentialité pour des raisons de dépôt de brevet, a montré un effet sur le parasite intracellulaire, sans montrer de toxicité. Cette dernière module la sécrétion de cytokines de la cellule hôte. Actuellement, l’étude de 20 dérivés structuraux de cette molécule est en cours. Des études préliminaires chez la souris ont permis de montrer que la prise de cette molécule par voie orale, de façon préventive, pouvait diminuer la charge parasitaire dans l’animal.Nous avons en parallèle développé la construction de nouvelles souches rapportrices de Leishmania exprimant la luciférase teLuc, le fluorophore rouge mRuby ou rouge lointain mMaroon1, et des souches exprimant fluorescence et bioluminescence, eFFly-mCherry. Cette dernière construction a été intégrée dans 3 espèces différentes de leishmanies : L. infantum, responsable de leishmaniose viscérale, L. major responsable de leishmaniose cutanée, et L. tarentolae qui est une souche non pathogène pour l’hommeLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease found in more than 88 countries around the world. There are up to 1,000,000 new cases per year, leading to nearly 30,000 deaths. In humans, there are several forms of the disease, ranging from a cutaneous form that can heal spontaneously, to the most severe visceral form.Visceral leishmaniasis is conferred by several species of Leishmania, including L. infantum around the Mediterranean basin. This dimorphic parasite invades the macrophages of its hosts, particularly humans and dogs, in which it is responsible for the disease. Left untreated, visceral leishmaniasis is fatal, and treatments available today are toxic, expensive, and face growing resistance.Finding new treatments is therefore a priority, and this thesis project aims to identify natural alternatives to anti-leishmanial molecules. By taking an ecological approach, we recover waste from the perfumery industry and plants from the local biodiversity. We then test the extracts on the parasites in order to identify immunostimulatory compounds, which would favor promotion of elimination of the parasite by the host’s own immune system. In order to follow the evolution over time of the infection in vitro and/or in vivo, we have also sought to create new tools to visualize the presence of Leishmania parasites by developing new fluorescent and bioluminescent reporter strains.We have identified a plant whose extract promotes the elimination of the intracellular amastigote form found in host macrophages. With the help of our collaborators at the Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), we performed a bioguided fractioning. We obtained sub-fractions of this plant as well as pure molecules capable of eliminating the parasite Leishmania infantum.One single molecule, whose name is confidential because of a pending patent registration, showed an effect on the intracellular parasite, without showing toxicity. It is capable of modulating the secretion of cytokines from the host cell. We are currently studying 20 structural derivatives of this molecule. Preliminary studies in mice have shown that taking this molecule orally, as a preventive measure, can reduce the parasite load in animals.In the meantime, we have developed the construction of new reporter strains of Leishmania expressing the luciferase teLuc, the red mRuby or far red mMaroon1 fluorophore, and strains expressing fluorescence and bioluminescence, eFFly-mCherry. This last construction has been integrated into 3 different species of Leishmania: L. infantum, responsible for visceral leishmaniasis, L. major responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis, and L. tarentolae, which is a non-pathogenic strain for humans
2
Maoz, Ariel. "Biodiversity of anti-listerial microbial cheese ripening consortia and monitoring of a recombinant Yersinia enterocolitica reporter strain on soft cheese." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968913113.
3
Liss, Petronella Francina. "Cloning of the gfp (green fluorescent protein) gene downstream of the ldh promoter in a bacteriocin-sensitive strain of Lactobacillus sakei to serve as a reporter strain in bacteriocin studies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53330.
Abstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lactobacillus plantarum 285, isolated from sorghum beer, produces bacteriocin 285, which displays activity against several food spoilage organisms. For future application of bacteriocin 285 in the food industry, it was important to characterize the peptide and identify the genes encoding its production. The effect of bacteriocin 285 on sensitive cells was determined through the use of an indicator (sensitive) organism, Lactobacillus sakei DSM 20017. The indicator strain was genetically modified to express GFP (green fluorescent protein), with the aim of quantifying the antibacterial activity of bacteriocin 285 as a function of GFP fluorescence. Bacteriocin 285 proved to be identical to plantaricin 423 produced by L. plantarum 423. Plantaricin 423 is a class lIa bacteriocin and displays antimicrobial activity towards a broad spectrum of bacteria, including several food spoilage organisms. The sensitivity of L. sakei DSM 20017 towards antibacterial peptides produced by Lactobacillus curvatus DF38, L. plantarum 285, Lactobacillus casei LHS and Lactobacillus salivarius 241 is not limited to the growth stage of the organism. Cells remained sensitive to all four of these bacteriocins, from lag phase to late exponential growth. To inhibit growth of up to 90% of the cells of L. sakei DSM 20017, 1 AU/ml bacteriocin 285 (7 ng/ml) of partially purified bacteriocin 285 was required. However, to kill all viable cells of L. sakei DSM 20017, 16 AU/ml (110 ng/ml) of partially purified bacteriocin 285 was required. The gfpuv gene, encoding GFPuv, was cloned downstream of the Idh promoter and successfully expressed in L. sakei DSM 20017. However, GFPuv fluorescence could not be used as a direct method to quantify the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin 285, since cells of strain DSM 20017 remained fluorescent for prolonged periods after treatment with lethal concentrations of the bacteriocin. The non-viability of the cells was confirmed with epifluorescence microscopy and a L1VE/DEAD® Baclight™ Bacterial Viability Probe. Cells that were stained with the viability probe indicated that the majority of untreated L. sakei DSM 20017 cells were viable. However, treatment of strain DSM 20017 with 16 AU/ml bacteriocin 285 rendered all visible cells non-viable.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lactobacillus plantarum 285 wat uit sorgumbier geïsoleer is, produseer bakteriosien 285. Die bakteriosien toon aktiwiteit teen verskeie organismes wat voedselbederi veroorsaak. Vir toekomstige aanwending van bakteriosien 285 in die voedselindustrie was dit belangrik om die peptied te karakteriseer en die gene wat vir die produksie daarvan kodeer, te identifiseer. Die effek van bakteriosien 285 op sensitiewe selle is bepaal deur die gebruik van 'n indikator (sensitiewe)-organisme, Lactobacillus sakei DSM 20017. Die indikator-organisme is geneties verander om die GFP (groen fluoreserende proteïen) uit te druk. Die doel was om die antibakteriese aktiwiteit van bakteriosien 285 te kwantifiseer as 'n funksie van GFP fluorisensie. Bakteriosien 285 is identies aan plantarisien 423 wat deur L. plantarum 423 produseer word. Plantarisien 423 is 'n klas Iia bakteriosien en vertoon antimikrobiese aktiwiteit teenoor 'n wye verskeidenheid bakterieë, insluitende verskeie organismes wat voedsel bederf. Die sensitiwiteit van L. sakei DSM 20017 teenoor antibakteriese peptiede wat deur Lactobacillus cutveius DF38, L. plantarum 285, Lactobacillus casei LHS en Lactobacillus salivarius 241 geproduseer word, word nie beïnvloed deur die groeifase van die organisme nie. Selle het sensitief gebly teenoor al vier die bakteriosiene van sloer- tot laat eksponensiële groei. Om groei van tot 90% van L. sakei DSM 20017 selle te inhibeer, word 1 AU/ml (7 ng/ml) gedeeltelik gesuiwerde bakteriosien 285 benodig. Om alle lewensvatbare L. sakei DSM 20017 selle te dood, word 16 AU/ml (110 ng/ml) gedeeltelik gesuiwerde bakteriosien 285 benodig. Die gfpuv-geen, wat GFPuv kodeer is stroomaf van die Idh-promoter gekloneer en suksesvol in L. sakei DSM 20017 uitgedruk. GFPuv fluoresensie kon nie as direkte metode gebruik word om die antimikrobiese aktiwiteit van bakteriosien 285 te bepaal nie, aangesien die selle van L. sakei DSM 20017 fluoreserend gebly het lank na behandeling met dodelike konsentrasies van die bakteriosien. Die lewensvatbaarheid van die selle is bevestig deur epifluoresensiemikroskopie en 'n LlVE/DEAD® Bac/ight™ bakteriese lewensvatbaarheidspeiler. Selle van L. sakei DSM 20017 wat deur die peiler gekleur is, het gewys dat die meeste selle wat nie deur bakteriosien 285 behandel was nie, lewensvatbaar was. Behandeling van L. sakei DSM 20017 met 16 AU/ml bakteriosien 285 het al die sigbare selle gedood.
4
Hornung, Claudia Katharina [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Streit. "Violacein-producing Janthinobacterium sp. HH01 : Genome analysis revealed a novel α-hydroxyketone-sensing reporter-strain / Claudia Katharina Hornung. Betreuer: Wolfgang Streit." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042753822/34.
5
Bellosi, Agustín. "Investigation of interleukin-13 immune responses in vivo using novel reporter mouse strains." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608822.
6
Carnegie, Craig Robert. "Simulation of high strain rate deformation in structural polymeric foam : innovation report." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98790/.
Abstract:
Passenger safety within vehicles is a priority for automotive companies in order to meet both the regulations and customer expectations. The safety critical materials, those used for absorbing energy during a crash, are simulated with FEA in order to design and improve components and to reduce the requirement for physical testing, which in turn saves on development time and cost. The simulation capabilities of Jaguar Land Rover were identified as lacking in accuracy for energy absorbing materials. Quasi-static and dynamic testing of expanded polypropylene as coupon samples and vehicle components was carried out to assess their stress-strain responses, energy absorption capabilities and strain rate effects. Using the properties within FEA the mechanical behaviour of the material was predicted and validated against the physical testing. Updated material models were implemented back into Jaguar Land Rover that fully incorporate strain rate effects and contain reliable, traceable input data. The material models require stress-strain curves, density, material modulus and un-loading characteristics. A test methodology has been implemented into Jaguar Land Rover for characterising energy absorbing materials, something that was previously unavailable. This includes the use of three machines, a low strain rate Instron 5800R, a high strain rate Drop Tower and a Very High Strain rate (VHS) testing rig; each used to understand the effect of compression testing at a range of strain rates and under decelerating/constant velocity impact conditions. Energy absorbing materials were sourced from two foam manufacturers. It was shown that different manufacturer’s material performed differently, even when supplied to the same requirement and manufactured from the same precursor. Computed tomography under synchrotron radiation was utilised to inspect material differences, identifying possible causes for stress-strain changes under compression. From the images a 3D mesostructural model was created to predict the material performance during deformation. As a result Jaguar Land Rover procedures were changed, increasing FEA capabilities and increasing the utilisation of foam within the vehicle. New test procedures were implemented for characterising future energy absorbing materials. The simulation and computed tomography work will help towards the understanding of foam compression mechanisms.
7
Khatun, Mst Muslima. "Identification of gonial stem cells and Leydig cells in transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes) reporter strains." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-118691.
Abstract:
The mechanism to maintain stem cell properties and to exit into differentiation pathways is a pivotal question in stem cell research. Spermatogonia are the adult stem cells of the male germ line, which are used in biomedical research as a source of undifferentiated cells. The communication between germ line stem cells and specialized somatic cells (Sertoli cells and Leydig cells) plays important roles in stem cell maintenance, germ cell proliferation, and differentiation. With regard to the biology of stem cells and spermatogenesis, the medaka (Oryzias latipes) is used as a teleost model organism, and it is also used to assess the effects of endocrine disruptors on reproductive phenomena.
However, the lack of suitable molecular markers hampers the detection, isolation and analysis of different testis cells including gonial stem cells and Leydig cells. Therefore, oct4, sox2 and cyp11b were chosen to create transgenic reporter lines for the labeling of stem cells and Leydig cells, respectively. The present study had the aim to examine the temporal and spatial expression of the respective genes during embryonic development and in adult gonads of the medaka, and to describe the application of these transgenic lines in stem cell biology and reproductive biology. The mCherry expression in transgenic fish of the line FSI-Tg(sox2-mCherry)17 marks embryonic stem cells, Leydig cells and interstitial cells in adult testis. Faithful EGFP and DsRed expression in transgenic reporters strains for oct4 and cyp11b mimics the endogenous expression of oct4/pou2 and cyp11b-protein, respectively. The reporter gene expression in the strains FSI-Tg(oct4-EGFP)9 and FSI-Tg(oct4-EGFP)A allows the visualization of oct4 positive cells during embryonic development, PGCs, early germ cells and adult gonial cells. The Leydig cells express brightly green or red fluorescence in the medaka strains FSI-Tg(cyp11b-EGFP)20 and FSI-Tg(cyp11b-DsRed)1434, respectively, allowing the easy identification of Leydig cells in adult testis.
The oct4-EGFP reporter labels medaka embryonic and spermatogonial stem cells, in which the spermatogonial stem cells at the ends of the testicular lobules show brightly green fluorescence. The transgenic expression in stem cells is also shown in the flow plot of primary testis cells. The spermatogonia are the largest cells and have the strongest fluorescence, which decreased upon differentiation. Therefore, the oct4-EGFP reporter strains will provide an opportunity to detect and to isolate the EGFP expressing cells for transplantation. These strains will also facilitate further experiments on the effects of drugs or hypoxia on these cells, because the strongest EGFP expressing cells can be easily detected in transgenic lines.
Labeling of Leydig cells in cyp11b reporter lines opens a new area to study the seasonal variation of spermatogenesis. The medaka is a seasonal breeder in its natural habitat and the simulation of seasonal changes allows the simultaneous quantitative analysis of oct4-EGFP and cyp11b-DsRed expressing cells under such conditions.
8
Geller, Lucas Scott. "Strategic clarity and strategic ambiguity news reports on the Taiwan Strait Issue in Official Sino-American media, a case study of comparative media /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243625197.
9
Humphreys, Christopher Michael. "The generation of neurotoxin-minus reporter strains of Clostridium botulinum to facilitate the development of intervention and preservation systems in food." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659216.
Abstract:
Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram-positive species comprising four distinct groups (I, Il, Ill, and IV) based on physiological and metabolic characteristics, that all share the ability to secrete an exceptionally potent neurotoxin, the causative agent of the potentially fatal paralytic condition known as "botulism". Food-borne botulism arises when C. botulinum. spores are able to contaminate food to be sealed inside anaerobic packaging, where the spores are then able to germinate, grow and elaborate toxin. Due to the potential severity of the condition, C. botulinum has remained the principal target for the food processing industry for over a century, prompting a heavy emphasis on research into increasing the efficacy and efficiency of intervention and preservation systems. Due principally to the extreme potency of the neurotoxin and its potential for use in bioterrorism, the government has labelled the Botulinum Neurotoxin as a category A Select Agent. This fact, alongside the necessary safety measures required to safely manipulate the organism, restricts the use of the C. botulinum to only a handful of specialised research facilities, resulting in the need for a surrogate organism for routine development of intervention and preservation systems in food. This study outlines the development of novel genetic tools, and subsequent generation and characterisation of a neurotoxin negative reporter variant of a representative Group I strain of Clostridium botulinum, suitable for use in the assessment of the efficacy of current and novel commercial food preservation techniques on the ability of the strain to survive, grow and elaborate toxin.
10
Khatun, Mst Muslima [Verfasser], Alexander Akademischer Betreuer] Froschauer, Herwig [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutzeit, and Elly [Akademischer Betreuer] Tanaka. "Identification of gonial stem cells and Leydig cells in transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes) reporter strains / Mst. Muslima Khatun. Gutachter: Herwig O. Gutzeit ; Elly Tanaka. Betreuer: Alexander Froschauer." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1068153288/34.
11
Peters, David C. II. "Qualitative reports of Michigan medical marijuana patients and caregivers including reduced opiate use, dispensary operations, legal concerns, and marijuana strains." Thesis, Wayne State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3602589.
Abstract:
After hundreds of years of use the medical properties of Marijuana have been marginalized in our society. Qualitative interview data was collected from medical marijuana patients and knowledgeable producers and activists in Michigan about their perceptions and observations on the medical use of marijuana. Patients consistently reported using marijuana to substitute or wean off prescription drugs. All patients and producers who were taking opiate narcotics claimed they reduced overall drug use, especially opiates, by using medical marijuana. Patients and caregivers also claimed medical marijuana was preferred over opiates, eased withdrawal from opiates, and in some cases was perceived as more effective at relieving pain. Other issues explored included the operation of the Michigan Medical Marijuana Act, the formation and operation of medical marijuana centers in the face of countervailing State and federal, opposition, and the varieties and effects of different strains of medical marijuana.
Keywords: Medical Marijuana, State and Federal Marijuana Laws, Michigan Marijuana, Controlled Substances, Drugs, Qualitative Interviews
12
Moll, Henry, Laura Lütke, Velina Bachvarova, Robin Steudner, Andrea Geißler, Evely Krawczyk-Bärsch, Sonja Selenska-Pobell, and Gert Bernhardt. "Microbial Diversity in Opalinus Clay and Interaction of Dominant Microbial Strains with Actinides (Final Report BMWi Project No.: 02 E 10618)." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-124643.
Abstract:
For the first time microbial tDNA could be isolated from 50 g unperturbed Mont Terri Opalinus Clay. Based on the analysis of the tDNA the bacterial diversity of the unperturbed clay is dominated by representatives of Firmicutes, Betaproteobacteria, and Bacteriodetes. Firmicutes also dominate after treatment of the clay with R2A medium. Bacteria isolated from Mont Terri Opalinus Clay on R2A medium were related to Sporomusa spp., Paenibacillus spp., and Clostridium spp.. All further investigations are concentrated on the unique isolates Sporomusa sp. MT-2 and Paenibacillus sp. MT-2. Cells of the type Sporomusa sp. MT-2 and Paenibacillus sp. MT-2 were comprehensively analyzed in terms of growing, morphology, functional groups of the cell envelope, and cell membrane structure.
Strong actinide(An)/lanthanide(Ln)-interactions with the Opalinus Clay isolates and the Äspö-strain Pseudomonas fluorescens (CCUG 32456) could be determined within a broad pH range (2-8). The metals bind as a function of pH on protonated phosphoryl, carboxyl and deprotonated phosphoryl sites of the respective cell membrane. The thermodynamic surface complexation constants of bacterial An/Ln-species were determined and can be used in modeling programs. Depending on the used An different interaction mechanisms were found (U(VI): biosorption, partly biomineralisation; Cm(III): biosorption, indications for embedded Cm(III); Pu: biosorption, bioreduction and indications for embedded Pu). Different strategies of coping with U(VI) were observed comparing P. fluorescens planktonic cells and biofilms under the chosen experimental conditions. An enhanced capability of the biofilm to form meta-autunite in comparison to the planktonic cells was proven. Conclusively, the P. fluorescens biofilm is more efficient in U(VI) detoxification.
In conclusion, Mont Terri Opalinus Clay contains bacterial communities, that may influence the speciation and hence the migration behavior of selected An/Ln under environmental conditions.
13
Geller, Lucas S. "Strategic Clarity and Strategic Ambiguity: News Reports on the Taiwan Strait Issue in Official Sino-American Media, A Case Study of Comparative Media." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243625197.
14
Tyler, Carmen M. "How the Illness Experience Predicts Key Psychosocial Outcomes in Veterans with Brain Injury." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1494576111782556.
15
Nguyen, Thien Ngoc Tran [Verfasser], and Christiane [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolz. "Establishment and evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus strains with integrative reporter-plasmids for detection of cap and agr promoter activity and establishment of a 3D collagen model / Thien Ngoc Tran Nguyen ; Betreuer: Christiane Wolz." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168904617/34.
16
Chancerel, François. "Croissance, report, soulèvement (epitaxial lift-off) et fabrication de cellules solaires InGaAs permettant le recyclage du substrat d'InP pour le photovoltaïque concentré (CPV)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC031/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse de doctorat traite de la mise en œuvre du procédé de soulèvement épitaxial (ou ELO pour epitaxial lift-off) à partir d'un substrat d'InP permettant le détachement des couches actives et le recyclage du substrat afin de rendre économiquement compétitive la fabrication de cellules solaires multi-jonctions pour le photovoltaïque concentré. Ce procédé, qui consiste à sous-graver sélectivement une couche sacrificielle comprise entre le substrat et les couches actives, est bien connu et maîtrisé sur un substrat de GaAs avec l'utilisation d'une couche sacrificielle d'AlAs d'épaisseur voisine de 5 nm, ce qui n'est pas possible sur un substrat d'InP en raison du fort désaccord de maille cristalline existant entre l'AlAs et l'InP. Pour l'adapter à un substrat d'InP, le développement d'une couche sacrificielle spécifique basée sur un super-réseau AlAs/InAlAs a été réalisé, ce qui permet de contourner les problématiques liées au désaccord de maille et à la croissance de matériaux contraints. Après optimisation des conditions de croissance de ce super-réseau, les épaisseurs atteintes et donc les vitesses de sous-gravure obtenues en utilisant ce type de couche sacrificielle ont satisfait aux exigences du procédé ELO. Ensuite, le report et le soulèvement de structures actives de cellules solaires InGaAs en couches minces cristallines ont été développés. Les cellules solaires ainsi fabriquées ont montré des performances semblables à celles réalisées par épitaxie standard sur un substrat d'InP, voire meilleures sous concentration en raison d'effets de confinement optique. Finalement, le recyclage du substrat d'InP réalisé avec un procédé utilisant seulement deux étapes de nettoyage par voies chimiques humides, a permis de produire des surfaces d'InP de qualité suffisante pour réaliser une reprise d'épitaxie satisfaisanteThis PhD thesis deals with the implementation of the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) process from an InP substrate allowing the detachment of active layers and the substrate recycling. The final target is to realize multi-junction solar cells in an economically competitive way for concentrated photovoltaic. The ELO process consists in the under-etching of a sacrificial layer inserted between the substrate and the active layers. It is well known and mastered on a GaAs substrate with the use of a sacrificial layer of AlAs with a thickness of about 5 nm. Such a layer is not usable on an InP substrate due to the high lattice mismatch between AlAs and InP. In order to adapt the ELO process to an InP substrate, this work aimed to develop a specific sacrificial layer based on an AlAs/InAlAs superlattice. Thus, it is possible to circumvent problems related to the lattice mismatch and to the strained layer growth. After optimization of growth conditions of this superlattice, using this type of sacrificial layer, we achieve a sufficient thickness and therefore a sufficient under-etching rate in order to meet the requirements of the ELO process. Then, the transfer and lift-off of thin crystalline film based InGaAs solar cells have been developed. This kind of solar cells showed performances similar to those obtained with a standard epitaxial growth on an InP substrate, or even better under concentration due to optical confinement effects. Finally, the recycling of the InP substrate carried out by a process using only two wet chemical cleaning steps made it possible to produce InP surfaces of sufficient quality to achieve a promising second epitaxial growth
17
Maeno, Maria. "Perícia ou imperícia: laudos da justiça do trabalho sobre LER/Dort." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-23042018-144154/.
Abstract:
Introdução: O Código de Processo Civil determina que nos processos judiciais em que a matéria depender de conhecimento técnico ou científico, o juiz será assistido por perito, que produzirá um laudo. Foram analisados 83 laudos de processos judiciais do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 2ª Região (TRT-2), referentes a reclamantes com Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos ou Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (LER/Dort), que abrangem afecções crônicas do sistema musculoesquelético de origem ocupacional e são decorrentes, dentre outros motivos, da execução de movimentos repetitivos por tempo prolongado e sobrecarga estática, sem que haja tempo para uma recuperação fisiológica. Deveriam abordar os vários aspectos do adoecimento para auxiliar a decisão judicial quanto à existência de agravo à saúde relacionado ao trabalho, assim como sua extensão e repercussões sobre a vida e capacidade laboral do trabalhador. Objetivos: Identificar e analisar, nos laudos, conceitos sobre adoecimento ocupacional e incapacidade laboral, bem como as principais linhas de argumentação, para a descaracterização do nexo causal nos casos em que havia nexo causal presumido pelo critério epidemiológico. Material e método: O material de estudo (83 laudos) foi buscado dentre os processos arquivados no período de 2012 a 2016 na Coordenadoria de Gestão de Arquivo do TRT-2, que abrange 30 municípios da região metropolitana de São Paulo e Baixada Santista. Atributos associados aos grandes temas da pesquisa foram codificados com o objetivo de melhor sistematização para uma análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os laudos periciais foram elaborados, na sua quase totalidade por médicos, dentre os quais 56 (67,47%) médicos do trabalho, 13 (15,66%) médicos sem especificação de especialidade, 9 (10,84%) médicos com especialização em perícia ou legistas e 4 ortopedistas (4,82%). Um deles (1,21%) foi elaborado por fisioterapeuta. Do total de laudos, 25 (30,12%) não tinham quaisquer informações sobre o processo de adoecimento e apenas 23 (27,71%) contemplaram uma história clínica abrangente. Em 34 (40,96%) não havia qualquer informação sobre as características da atividade de trabalho e em 30 (36,15%) havia a citação de alguns aspectos biomecânicos. Apenas 19 (22,89%) apresentaram uma análise da atividade de trabalho, incluindo aspectos biomecânicos e organizacionais. Nenhum laudo continha uma análise da incapacidade para o trabalho de forma ampla, sendo que em 50 laudos (60,24%), o perito considerou apenas o diagnóstico para se pronunciar sobre a incapacidade. Do total dos laudos, apenas 13 (15,66%) utilizaram o conceito de multicausalidade e 12 (14,46%) o de concausalidade. Dos 15 laudos com nexo causal presumido pelo critério epidemiológico, descaracterizados no caráter ocupacional na perícia, nenhum continha uma análise da atividade de trabalho, embora 9 deles tenham utilizado argumentos biomecânicos, 8 tenham utilizado o argumento de que se tratava de doença degenerativa e 3 de que o quadro era de fibromialgia não ocupacional. Foram discutidos conceitos de adoecimento ocupacional, nexo causal e incapacidade, além da relação de desigualdade, presenteísmo, individualização do adoecimento e culpabilização. Conclusão: A maioria dos laudos periciais peca pela falta de consistência conceitual, metodológica e argumentos fundamentados, deixando lacunas na área clínica, na análise da atividade de trabalho e na avaliação de incapacidade.Introduction: The Civil Code Procedure determines that in judicial proceedings in which the matter depends on technical or scientific knowledge, the judge will be assisted by experts, who will produce a forensic report. A total of 83 reports, from the Regional Labor Court of the 2nd Region (TRT-2), were analysed, concerning claimants suffering from Repetitive Strain Injury or Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (RSI/WRMD), which include occupational chronic conditions of the musculoskeletal system, that are due, among other reason to the execution of repetitive movements for a prolonged time and static overload without pause foa a physiological recoevery. They should address the various aspects of illness in order to assist the judge in his decision regarding the existence of as aggravated health related to work, as well as its extent and repercussions on the life and work capacity of the worker. Objectives: To identify and analyse concepts about occupational illness and disability to work, expressed in the reports, as well as the main lines of argument, for the de-characterization of the causal nexus in cases where there was causal nexus presumed by the epidemiological criterion. Material and method: The study material was searched from the archived processes from 2012 to 2016 in the File Management Coordination of TRT-2, which covers 30 municipalities in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and Baixada Santista. Attributes associated with the major themes of the research were codified with the aim of better systematization for a content analysis. Results: The expert reports were elaborated almost entirely by physicians, among them 56 (67.47%) occupational physicians, 13 (15.66%) doctors without a declared specialty, 9 (10.84%), forensic doctors, 4 orthopedists (4,82%). One of the reports (1.21%) was elaborated by a physiotherapist. Of the total reports, 25 (30.12%) did not have information about the illness process and only 23 (27.71%) contemplated a comprehensive medical history. In 34 (40.96%) there was no information about the characteristics of the work activity and in 30 (36.15%) there were citation of some biomechanical aspects. Only 19 (22.89%) presented an analysis of the work activity, including biomechanical and organizational aspects. No report contained an embrancing analysis of disability to work comprehensively, and in 60.24% of them, the expert considered only the diagnosis to pronounce on the disability. Of the total reports, only 13 (15.66%) used the concept of multicausality and 12 (14.46%) the concept of concausality. Of the 15 reports with a presumed causal nexus by the epidemiological criterion, which were not characterized in the occupational character, none contained an analysis of the work activity, although 9 of the 15 reports used biomechanical arguments to de-characterize the occupational character, 8 used the argument that it was degenerative disease and 3 that the condition was non-occupational fibromyalgia. Concepts of occupational illness, causal nexus and disability were discussed, as well as the relationship of inequality, presenteism, individualization of illness and blame. Conclusions: Most of the expert reports are lacking in conceptual, methodological and reasoned arguments, leaving relevant gaps in the clinical area, in the analysis of the work activities and in the assessment of disability.
18
PILLAI, Vinoshene. "Intravital two photon clcium imaging of glioblastoma mouse models." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/109211.
19
Lai, Chien-Hsueh, and 賴建斈. "Construction of dengue virus PL046 strain genomic cDNA and reporter chimera." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17531148772154155708.
Abstract:
碩士國立交通大學
生物科技系所
94
Dengue virus (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) is a single- stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with an 11-kb genome. It is not clear how dengue viruses select viral RNA packaging into structural protein during encapsidation. The goal of these studies was to develop a dengue virus packaging system for possible future use in defining the dengue virus RNA packaging signal. First, we have to obtain full length cDNA clone of dengue virus type 2. Then, the viral structural or nonstructural cDNA were ligated with lacZ reporter gene separately, and were driven by CMV promoter. BHK-21 cells were transfected by plasmids that contain partial sequence of dengue genome (structural or nonstructural genes) and lacZ reporter gene. The plasmids would produce RNAs containing either the structural or nonstructural sequence of dengue genome alone with the reporter gene. Then, the cells were infected with dengue virus type 2, which would provide viral proteins necessary for viral packaging and replication. Any RNAs contains viral packaging signal would assemble with the viral structural proteins. The media were collected, and used for infecting new BHK-21 cells. If the activity of the reporter gene expresses in BHK-21 cells, this would suggest that the partial sequence of dengue viral genome may contain the signals for viral packaging. For the propagation of plasmids, the method of Sriburi et al. was followed. They propagated E. coli at room temperature (20-25ºC) under low level of antibiotic selection to construct entire cDNA of a dengue serotype 2 virus genome. I have proceeded througth a series of plasmid constructions, and selection and expression of the reporter genes in an attempt to build the foundation of the dengue viral packaging signal research. The results showed that the full length cDNA clones of dengue virus type 2 driven by CMV promoter did not produce infectious virions. Analyses of expression of the reporter gene with partial sequence of dengue genome revealed that when lacZ located upstream and in a bicistronic unit with the viral sequence, the expression was the best. When lacZ was driven by an IRES and was located downstram, the amounts of the expression was only one-twentieth of that in upstream. In the future, reporter gene expression shall observe the bicistronic manner, and use of other reporter genes may vary the detection method and increase the usefulness of the construct.
20
Du, Plessis Erika Margarete. "Development and evaluation of a reporter system for prokaryotic cells based on a secreted acid phosphatase from Staphylococcus aureus strain 154." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29540.
Abstract:
Reporter gene technology has facilitated greatly the analysis of gene expression and the study of individual promoters and their regulation. Although various reporter gene systems are available, none of them are universally applicable and consequently, studies aimed at screening of new reporters are continuing. Toward this end, an acid phosphatase, designated SapS, was identified and characterized from the culture supernatant of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from vegetables. Biochemical characterization of the 30-kDa monomeric enzyme indicated that it displayed optimum activity at 40°C and pH 5, using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) as substrate. The enzymatic activity was enhanced by Mg2+, but was inhibited by EDTA and molybdate. Based on its properties and amino acid sequence analyses, SapS was classified as a new member of the bacterial class C family of non-specific acid phosphatases. The S. aureus SapS enzyme was subsequently evaluated as a reporter for host strain evaluation and cell surface display. Bacillus halodurans of which the major cell wall protease gene (wprA) was inactivated was used as expression host, and the cell wall-binding domain of the cwlC gene from B. halodurans was used as an anchoring motif for cell surface display. The results from in vitro enzyme activity assays indicated that extracellular production of the SapS reporter enzyme was improved 3.5-fold in the mutant compared to wild-type B. halodurans strain. Zymographic detection of SapS activity showed that the SapS-CwlC fusion protein was localized in the B. halodurans cell wall fraction, thus demonstrating the potential of SapS as a reporter for cell surface display of heterologous proteins. The versatility of the SapS enzyme as a reporter for gene expression and protein secretion in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also investigated. Transcriptional and translational fusions of the sapS gene with selected heterologous promoters and signal sequences were constructed, and expressed in Escherichia coli, B. subtilis and B. halodurans. The strongest promoter for heterologous protein production in each of the host strains was identified, i.e. the E. coli lacZ promoter in E. coli, the B. halodurans alkaline protease promoter in B. subtilis, and the B. halodurans σD promoter in B. halodurans.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
unrestricted
21
Pauling, Björg Veronika [Verfasser]. "Impact investigation of a mercury reducing GEM in stream microcosms & construction of mercury reducing reporter strains based on the safety strain Ps. putida KT2440 / von Björg Veronika Pauling." 2003. http://d-nb.info/967869293/34.
22
Maoz, Ariel [Verfasser]. "Biodiversity of anti-listerial microbial cheese ripening consortia and monitoring of a recombinant Yersinia enterocolitica reporter strain on soft cheese / Ariel Maoz." 2003. http://d-nb.info/968913113/34.
23
洪禎憶. "Using EGFP as reporter for the construction of expression vectors carrying structural/non-structural genes from dengue virus type II strain PL046." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33481458022584483928.
Abstract:
碩士國立交通大學
生物科技學系
100
Dengue virus is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with 10.7 kb genome , which can stimultaneously serves as an mRNA for translation of the viral proteins which will be digested by enzymes into three structural(C,prM,E) and seven nonstructural proteins(NS1,NS2A,NS2B,NS3,NS4A,NS4B,NS5). In this study , I constructed plasmids which contained the structural and nonstructural genes separately along with an EGFP as the reporter, for detecting the packaging signal. Next, I sub-cloned a full-length E gene from Dengue virus type II PL046 strain into pLP vector to express the E proteins for functional study. These constructs were assessed by restriction digestion and sequencing. No non-sense mutation was detected in the coding regions.
24
Chen, Kai-Huang, and 陳愷璜. "Study of Cross-Strait News Reporting (1987 ~ 2009) –From the Cross-Strait Station Point Reporter’s point of view." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29595560838246762549.
Abstract:
碩士淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班
99
Abstract: It has been over 20 years since the first cross-strait news exchange taking place on 11th September 1987 when Li Young-de and Xu Lu, the journalist of Taiwan Independence Evening News, went to China for news coverage. And it has been 9 years since the first mainland Chinese correspondents of Xinhua News Agency, Fan Li-qing and Guo Wei-fong came to Taiwan for news gathering on 8th February 2001, which was said to be the official cross-strait news local correspondents in both sides for news covering on a regular basis. Up to October 2010, local media such as Fujian Southeast Satellite TV, Fujian Daily Group, Xiamen Star Satellite TV, Hunan Television, Shenzhen Press Group and etc. have been allowed to come to Taiwan one after another since June 2008 when local media was permitted to gather news in Taiwan. Over the 20 years of news exchanges, cross-strait exchanges in academic or practical aspects have been more open and frequently despite some levels of exchange reduction due to political issues. It is to expect that cross-straits residents are able to further understand the life and development of each other and through the news media. While the study was conducted, it happened to be the 20th year since the first news exchange and the opening up of Mainland Chinese local media in Taiwan for news gathering, the researcher aims to review the history of cross-strait news exchanges from the perspective of local correspondents through literature analysis and in depth interview and show the opinions and expectations on cross-strait news coverage and exchange development from different media and experienced local correspondents’ points of view. Look at the level of cross-strait news exchange development based on the study result, it can be seen that cross-strait news exchange and the lift of cross-strait local correspondents are beneficial to mutual understanding. In addition, cross-strait journalists are expecting that in the future “the Forth Link” of news could be carried out and the both sides actively deal with cross-strait news exchanges with positive attitude, assistance program and interim opening up policy. According to present cross-strait news coverage, it has been found that different news systems result in different “main” gatekeepers and agenda settings. The way the coverage presented in Mainland China has shown its specialty gradually in the light of different media attributes and orientations without breaking news framework but in a more subtle manner instead. In conclusion, the researcher suggests that all circles (including government, media and academics,) make plans for long-term practical and academic site participation in the hope of carrying out in depth observation on cross-strait journalists and the outlook of cross-strait news industries to enrich relevant studies and accumulate practical exchange experiences. Key words: local correspondent, cross-strait news, news exchanges, the news system of Taiwan, the news system of China.
25
Borkowski, Philip. "Insights into atrial function using speckle tracking strain: report of a new, modified method." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15052.
Abstract:
Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a relatively new imaging modality that enables the direct measurement of active contractile myocardial tissue in an offline analysis. This is accomplished through a software algorithm that tracks collections of acoustic markers, known as 'speckles', that are unique to a given section of myocardium. By measuring the displacement of these 'speckles' as the heart contracts and relaxes, STE produces parameters of the strain, or percent change in length, exhibited by the myocardium. As multiple studies have shown, this strain data produced by tracking of the global left atrium has the ability to accurately assess the physiologic functions of the atrium as a reservoir, conduit and booster pump in the cardiac cycle. Despite these valuable correlations, there are noted problems with STE regarding acoustic cluttering and disappearance of 'speckles' that can occur as the selected region of interest moves out of the field of view or becomes obscured. These problems may be increased when tracking an extended region of myocardium. Therefore, this present study sought to test a new method of assessing left atrial function with STE strain analysis by focusing on a concise region of the atrium, specifically the interatrial septum.
To test this, the echocardiograms of 37 patients were obtained and grouped according to the designation of their cardiac function as normal (n=11), abnormal (n=12), or exhibiting signs of cardiac amyloidosis (n=14). In all patients, STE strain analysis was performed on the both the global left atrium and the interatrial septum. Measurements of the mean peak strain observed in the resultant strain curves were recorded for both STE scans of each patient. The curves produced by the tracking the segments of the entire atrium (6 segments) and interatrial septum (3 segments) were compared based on the exhibited changes in strain seen in the relative shapes of the curves, as well as the spread of the segmental strain curves about the calculated mean strain curve. Additionally, the number of segments that were either unsuccessfully or incorrectly tracked was recorded as a measure of the accuracy of STE. As a final step, the interatrial strain curves of four selected patients in the various states of ventricular diastolic dysfunction were chosen and compared with data obtained from scans of mitral flow echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in an attempt to correlate the exhibited changes in strain shown in the interatrial septum with the physiologic functions of the atrium during ventricular diastole.
The results showed that the mean peak strain of the global atrial strain trace decreased from normal (41.32%±10.8) to abnormal (21.69%±13.8) to the amyloid group (10.41%±6.9). This trend was echoed in the mean peak strain measured in the interatrial septum, as measured in normal (64.2%±15.6), abnormal (28.37%±13.4) and amyloid groups (12.21%±12.1). When the strain curves of the entire atrium and interatrial septum were compared, they demonstrated similar patterns in the timing of changes in strain, however the strain curves of the individual interatrial septum segments showed a much more concise grouping about the mean strain curve and were less likely to exhibit discordant segmental strain curves that deviated from the pattern established by all other segments in the trace. Additionally, within the STE scans of the global atrium, the interatrial septum exhibited a higher percentage of successfully tracked segments than did the lateral atrial wall; this trend was universally exhibited in all three groups. Finally, the interatrial septum strain curves, mitral flow echocardiography and TDI scans all demonstrated similar indications of left atrial function in the four selected patients.
Ultimately, STE strain analysis of the interatrial septum appears to be a more accurate method of tracking the atrial myocardium than STE tracing of the global left atrium. Furthermore, it shows viable potential as a method for assessing the global physiologic function of the left atrium, as indicated by the similarities between the trends exhibited by these STE scans and the data gathered from scans produced by mitral flow echocardiography and TDI.
26
Su, Cynthia, and 蘇嫻雅. "An Analysis of Taiwan Nespapers' Reports towards 1996 Missile Crisis across The Taiwan Straits." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fqz534.
27
Su, Cynthia, and 蘇嫻雅. "An Analysis of Taiwan Nespapers'' Reports towards 1996 Missile Crisis across The Taiwan Straits." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28118249824558872568.
28
Yu-Ting, Chao, and 趙祐廷. "The Position of America Toward Taiwan During the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis: Based on the Reports in the New York Times." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00363731360480250300.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
文化與自然資源學系碩士班
104
Between the end of World War II and the termination of America and R.O.C., the relationship of America and Taiwan seems to be intimate. But the position of America toward Taiwan is not consistent. This research adopt both quality and quantity methods to discuss the position of America toward Taiwan and other country’s perception of the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, which are based on reports related to the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis in the New York Times. The result shows that diplomacy, politics, and military affairs are the most concern above all the reports. And most contents of report are neither negative nor passive. During the earlier stage of the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, the position of America toward Taiwan is not consistent. The Democratic Party refused to assist Taiwan based on four reasons: fear of loss in business profit, prevention of war, international prestige of Taiwan, and confusion of Chiang Kai-shek’s purpose. During this period, most aids from America are finance and short-term send of vessel. Meanwhile, America frequently met with P.R.C and other countries, which most countries were against. During the later stage of the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, America tried to ensure international prestige of Taiwan by refutation and public opinion with other countries, which are more supportive. Compared with the earlier stage, other countries’ perception of the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis turned to be neutral or undeclared from opposed.
29
Gao, Jia-Fu, and 高嘉甫. "A Study on “People's Daily” overseas edition to report Taiwan news tendency and Cross-Strait relations--Take 1993 to 2008 as the example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61767031975539150343.
30
Lin, Yu-Zuo, and 林俞佐. "The Practice of Data Visualization on Applying Text Mining and Semantic Analysis: A Case Study of Cross-Strait MOOC Platform on Social Media and Traditional Media Reports." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33ruxx.
31
Xu, Zhuo-cheng, and 徐卓成. "Content Analysis of News on“ Chinese Medicine on Both Sides of the Taiwan Straits ” as Reported by Domestic Newspapers : a Case Study of the United Daily News." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qervx5.
Abstract:
碩士世新大學
新聞學研究所(含碩專班)
102
Abstract The writer has been very much concerned about the relationship between two sides of the Taiwan straits. Therefore, the writer specifically chose the “ Traditional Chinese Medicine ” (TCM) that maintains the lives of Chinese people on both sides of the Taiwan straits to be the subject of this study. Furthermore , the writer chose the “United Daily News”, which can best represent a spirit of “professional newspaper”, applying news theories of “frames and media representation” and “health and risk management”, to sieve and analyze great amount of news documents with content analysis and history comparison. The writer has achieved 571 valid samples. The writer has studied news on “ Chinese medicine on both sides of the Taiwan straits ” reported within 17 years (1996-2012) to discover the general condition of news report on TCM and , a step further, to probe into the difference made by Party Alternation in 2008 and ECFA on the report of such news. The writer also attempted to demonstrate through analysis the manner and framing of reports on this issue by news media. This study has found : (1) number of news of ” both sides page ” is the second in “ news page ” but is 29.77% of the total. 50.96% of “ news form ” belong to “ pure news report ” and is the highest. (2) “ Health and risk management on both sides of the Straits ” is the top issue of 9 issues of “ news theme ” and its number is 21.02% of the total. News related to “ traditional Chinese medicinal materials ” are the second with a percentage of 14.71%. (3) Number of “ news from unofficial sources ” is 296 and prevails by 52.88% of the total in “ information sources ”. (4) 71.10% of “ category of position ” belong to “ positive report ” and is the highest of 406. Comparing the two stages separated by the Party Alternation, this study has found: (1) In “ news page ”, the latter stage has more news in the “ major page ” by a double number. In both stages , numbers of news in “ both coasts page ” are nearly the same. And concerning “ news form ”, no significant difference is found in both stages. (2) Regarding “ news theme ”, the latter stage had four times of news on the issue of “ the institution and status quo of TCM on both coasts ”. Cross analysis and Chi-square test have found that “ news page ” and “ news position ” had been closely related to “ information sources ” in two stages of both the Party Alternation and ECFA. It has also been found that there are three times more of news in “ both coasts page ” in the former stage of ECFA than the latter stage. As for the “ news theme ”, news on the “ cross-straits TCM policies ” of the former stage of ECFA is 30 times as many as the latter. keywords: cross-strait news report on TCM, ECFA, theory of framing, epidemic disaster
32
Gwynn, Josephine. "The food and nutrient intake and physical activity of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous rural children." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/932278.
Abstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Wide disparities in health between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australians persist, with chronic diseases responsible for much of this gap. Type 2 diabetes is one of the key chronic diseases suffered by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, at a rate of at least 3.4 times that of non-Indigenous Australians. It is also a growing health problem for the non-Indigenous population and is associated with the increasing rates of obesity seen internationally over the past 10 to 20 years. Poor food habits and physical inactivity are the modifiable lifestyle risk factors for both type 2 diabetes and obesity. Little, however, little is known about these in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children or in rural children from disadvantaged areas in general. It is recognised that these risk factors track from childhood into adulthood, and that childhood offers an important opportunity to implement appropriate preventative health strategies. Appropriate programs to address poor food habits and physical inactivity cannot be developed without a thorough understanding of the risk factors pertinent to each population group. A search of the literature (Chapter 1) reveals that such information is very limited for Australian rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and to a somewhat lesser extent for rural children in general, with evidence still very limited and little intervention research reported. Monitoring and evaluation of interventions to address risk factors require the use of validated population-level measurement tools. Currently, there are no such tools available for measuring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children’s dietary intake and only one for measuring their physical activity. This severely compromises the capacity of health professionals to monitor this population’s health and to rigorously evaluate the effect of health strategies. There are urgent calls for research to evaluate the effect of interventions conducted in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, with little evidence currently available in any field of health. In response to the issues raised above, the series of studies which constitute this thesis explores the physical activity characteristics and the food and nutrient intake of rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous primary school-aged children (Chapters 3 and 5). The studies also validate a 7-day self-report physical activity recall questionnaire and a short food frequency questionnaire with the same populations (Chapters 2 and 4). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children were found to provide self-report data regarding both physical activity and food intake that were at least as valid as those for non-Indigenous children, provided they received appropriate cultural support (detailed in the methods section of the relevant chapters). These results indicate that the measurement tools validated in this series of studies can be used with either group. All children were found to more than meet Australian guidelines for daily physical activity levels, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children demonstrating a tendency for higher activity than their non-Indigenous counterparts. All children who participated in this series of studies were found to possess excessive intakes of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children demonstrating clinically important higher intakes than non-Indigenous children. Macro-nutrient and sodium intakes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children were significantly higher than those of their non-Indigenous counterparts. Finally, in response to findings of the studies, further research and intervention strategies are suggested in the conclusions (Chapter 6). A description of the community-controlled governance structure that guided and supported this program of research is provided.
33
Mazák, Jaromír. "Srovnání delikvence mládeže v České republice a Německu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326503.
Abstract:
This Master thesis explores delinquency of juvenile Czechs and Germans from seventh to ninth grade based on quantitative data. The data comes from an International Self-Report Delinquency study (ISRD-2), which is anchored primarily in the Social control theory (Hirschi, 1969/2002) and the General theory of crime (Gottfredson, Hirschi, 1990). Therefore, in the first section, attention is paid to these and other selected criminological theories; the other theories are mainly the strain theories and the cultural deviance theories. In the second section, the thesis deals briefly with the socio- cultural differences and similarities between the Czech Republic and Germany. The core of the thesis is the third, analytical section, which presents the findings of statistical analysis. A conclusion is reached that the theories studied are by far less contradictory than what the authors of the social control theory and the general theory of crime claimed them to be. It rather seems that the individual theories are complementary and often lead to the same predictions. Hypotheses are confirmed that some characteristics of the pupils` relation to their school are related to delinquency: Pupils who like going to school are somewhat less delinquent than pupils who do not. Pupils who play truant are substantially...
34
Hilmy, Hanny. "Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), Suez 1956-1967: Insiders’ Perspectives." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5888.
Abstract:
This research is concerned with the complex and contested relationship between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the international imperative of defusing world conflicts. Due to its historical setting following World War Two, the national vs. international staking of claims was framed within the escalating imperial-nationalist confrontation and the impending “end of empire”, both of which were significantly influenced by the role Israel played in this saga. The research looks at the issue of “decolonization” and the anti-colonial struggle waged under the leadership of Egypt’s President Nasser. The Suez War is analyzed as the historical event that signaled the beginning of the final chapter in the domination of the European empires in the Middle East (sub-Saharan decolonization followed beginning in the early 1960s), and the emergence of the United States as the new major Western power in the Middle East.
The Suez experience highlighted a stubborn contest between the defenders of the concept of “sovereign consent” and the advocates of “International intervention”. Both the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) and its termination were surrounded by controversy and legal-political wrangling. The role of UNEF and UN peacekeeping operations in general framed the development of a new concept for an emerging international human rights law and crisis management. The UNEF experience, moreover, brought into sharp relief the need for a conflict resolution component for any peace operation. International conflict management, and human rights protection are both subject to an increasing interventionist international legal regime. Consequently, the traditional concept of “sovereignty” is facing increasing challenge.
By its very nature, the subject matter of this multi-dimensional research involves historical, political and international legal aspects shaping the research’s content and conclusions. The research utilizes the experience and contributions of several key participants in this pioneering peacekeeping experience. In the last chapter, recommendations are made –based on all the elements covered in the research- to suggest contributions to the evolving UN ground rules for international crisis intervention and management.Graduate
hilmyh@uvic.ca