Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réponse à la demande (énergie)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Réponse à la demande (énergie).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Hamwi, Michael. "Understanding and analysing business models in the context of energy transition. Proposition of the DRBMC (Demand Response Business Model Canvas) to design new entrepreneur's business model in “Demand Response” markets." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0114/document.
Full textThe accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, produced by human activities in the energy sector is one of the main causes of climate change. Therefore, the decarbonization of power systems has become an urgent need the mitigate to the effects of climate change and achieve the energy transition. The share of renewable energy technologies has been increasing mainly due to the participation of new market players. Today, however, one of the great challenges is to maintain the electricity system’s balance and security despite the large amount of renewable energy resources connected to the grid. One of the approaches to deal with this issue and to increase power system flexibility is the Demand Response (DR). Moreover, scholars argue that business model innovation can act as an energy transition driver. This thesis examines business model innovations in the context of the energy transition by investigating emerging start-up business models. The implemented research methodology in this thesis consists of a systematic literature review and an investigation of empirical data of 15 European energy start-ups. As a result, the thesis provides the research community with (1) a grouping method to classify different Energy Business Models (EBMs) and an initial synthesis of the EBMs identified in the literature; (2) a framework to analyse start-ups in the energy sector, completed with the analysis of 15 energy start-ups; (3) and a conceptual tool for DR innovation, named as the Demand Response Business Model Canvas (DRBMC), which includes 12 interrelated elements. This canvas aims at evaluating DR activities and supporting the emergence of new DR business models. These results can also help entrepreneurs explore new demand response market opportunities, enabling a better understanding and providing a simplified analytic framework of existing business practices
Kiedanski, Diego. "Mechanisms and architectures to encourage the massive and efficient use of local renewable energy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT036.
Full textTo meet carbon reduction goals in Europe but worldwide too, a large number of renewable distributed energy resources (DER) still need to be deployed.Aiming at mobilizing private capitals, several plans have been developed to put end-customers at the heart of the energy transition, hoping to accelerate the adoption of green energy by increasing its attractiveness and profitability.Some of the proposed models include the creation of local energy markets where households can sell their energy to their neighbors at a higher price than what the government would be willing to pay (but lower than what other customers normally pay), shared investment models in which consumers own a carbon-free power plant such as a wind turbine or a solar farm and they obtain dividends from its production to collective auto-consumption models in which several families are ‘hidden’ behind the same smart meter, allowing them to optimize their aggregated consumption profile and therefore maximizing the value of their DER.One of the main objectives of the thesis is to understand these different incentives as they will play a crucial role in tackling climate change if correctly implemented. To do so, we design a framework ‘local energy trading’ that encompasses a large number of incentives.In the context of local energy trading, we study the interactions of prosumers (consumers with generation capabilities) located in the same Low Voltage network, possibly behind the same feeder. These prosumers will still be connected to the main power grid and they will have the option, as they do today, to buy and sell to/from their utility company at a fixed price (a flat rate or a Time-of-Use, for example). For these agents to fully benefit from the advantages of local energy trading, we shall assume that they own appliances (such as batteries) that, without changing their perceived energy demand, can enable them to change their net energy demand as seen from outside their homes. Modeling prosumers as rational utility maximizers, they will schedule their battery to decrease the cost associated with their net energy demand (as their perceived demand remains unchanged).In the first part of the thesis, we investigate competitive models in which prosumers sell their surplus to their neighbors via a local energy market. We analyze different strategies that players could use to participate in these markets and their impact on the normal operation of the power grid and the Distribution System Operator. In this regard, it is shown that sequential markets can pose a problem to the system and a new market mechanism that exploits domain knowledge is proposed to increase the efficiency of the local trades.In the second part of the thesis, we delve into incentives that can be implemented through cooperation. In this regard, we use cooperative game theory to model the shared investment into energy storage and photovoltaic panels (PV) by a group of prosumers. For the studied model we show that a stable solution (in the core of the game) exists in which all participants cooperate and we provide an efficient algorithm to find it. Furthermore, we also show that cooperation is stable for participants that already own batteries and PVs but prefer to operate them in coordination to increase their value, effectively implementing collective auto-consumption.Finally, we demonstrate how to integrate both models: the shared investment and the cooperative control of existing resources into a single cooperative framework which also enjoys the existence of stable outcomes. For this later model, we propose to decouple the return over investments (ROI) obtained between the ROI produced by the investment in hardware and the ROI obtained by cooperation itself. By doing so, we can offer the former profit to external investors to raise the required capital (although nothing forbids the member of the coalition to contribute) and the latter to the actual consumers
Deman, Laureen. "Modélisation de la profitabilité à long terme sur les marchés des technologies flexibles de génération électrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALE004.
Full textWith more renewable energy, flexibility needs may increase in the future. In addition, the decrease in dispatchable generation will reduce the available flexibility. Consequently, investments in storage and flexibility options are necessary. The objective of this thesis is to study the long-run profitability of flexible technologies in energy and reserve markets. This thesis focuses on the short-term flexibility and in particular on the day-ahead market and the frequency-control reserves.The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the market design for reserves. It highlights three parameters of interest. The pricing mechanism, the structure of bids and the timing of the reserve capacity markets with respect to the day-ahead market affect the efficiency of the reserve markets. The European platforms for the exchange of reserve energy are intended to improve this efficiency by sharing reserve resources. However, price convergence is limited by the available cross-zonal capacity after the intraday market.The second chapter is dedicated to the estimation of the future demand for reserves. Time series models are estimated to obtain forecasts of secondary reserve energy in scenarios of carbon neutrality. These models also allow to analyse the relationship between reserve energy demand on the one hand, and load and renewable energy generation on the other hand. It shows the role of the intraday market through the possibility to balance forecast errors. However, the residual load level can limit this possibility because of its impact on the number of bids from conventional generators.The third chapter analyses the evolution of energy and reserve energy prices with high levels of renewables and storage. The main finding is the leading role of batteries in the demand-supply equilibrium of the reserve capacity markets. However, despite a significant increase in the reserve capacity demand, reserve capacity prices remain very low in most cases. This is due to the flexibility of batteries which imply a zero opportunity cost in most cases.These results suggest that reserve capacity markets cannot provide an additional remuneration for flexible technologies and thus, does not solve the missing-money problem in the context of the energy transition. Therefore, an additional mechanism is needed to coordinate investments in flexible technologies
Boujelbene, Younès. "Les modèles dynamiques de demande : théorie et application à la demande d'énergie en France." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090013.
Full textBesançon, Mathieu. "Modèles biniveaux pour la réponse de la demande dans les réseaux électriques intelligents." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0022.
Full textThis thesis focuses on bilevel optimization, some variants, and an application to optimal price-setting in smart power grids.Bilevel optimization problems are a special subclass of constrained mathematical optimization problems where another problem, the lower level is embedded in the constraints.We consider their application to the optimal pricing of a Time-and-Level-of-Use Demand Response program, allowing an electricity supplier to leverage the flexibility of users through an economic incentive.A generalized form of bilevel optimization is also proposed where the lower level may pick a solution that is not optimal as typically assumed but near-optimal, that is feasible and within a fixed tolerance from an optimal solution.Solving this variant of bilevel optimization requires anticipation of the deviation from optimality and a guarantee that a solution remains feasible even with this deviation
Wolde-Mariam, Assefa. "L'offre et la demande d'habitat en Ethiopie : l'utilisation des matériaux locaux comme élément de réponse." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0038.
Full textThe demand and supply of housing in Ethiopia is analyzed based on the existing statistical information. Special emphasis has been given on issues like urban population growth and housing policy in order to comprehend the factors which act as constraints to the housing production. The shortage of Housing in Ethiopia, as in any other under developed country, is one of the most dominant problem to be solved. This paper, therefore, contributes to the global reflection on the housing problem and focuses on modern earth construction technology as the major alternative to resorb the current housing deficit. Earth, an abundant indigenous, economic material can be used to produce compressed earth blacks. To increase the compressive strength of earth blocks and reduce its sensitivity to water, we recommend the use of pouzzolanic binders for stabilization. The elaboration of the binders is conceived, by mixing a finely ground local volcanic scorias with Portland cement or lime (Ca(OH)2). A total stabilization of 4% mix of "cement/pouzzolana" or "lime/pouzzolana", not only assures acceptable physical perfo1mance, but maintains the excellent thermophysical behavior and aesthetic value as well. The thermal comfort analysis on a model house and the feasibility study, put in evidence the considerable economic and comfort advantages of compressed earth blacks as building material. Housing construction based on the proposed proportion of stabilization and investigation methodology could bring a significant economic benefit, where classical building materials fail to shelter the low income group
Said, Dhaou. "Modèles et protocoles pour les interactions des véhicules électriques mobiles avec la grille." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6055.
Full textVoyé, Pierre. "Valeur verte et approches spatialisées de la maîtrise de la demande d’énergie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCG007.
Full textThe current environmental and economic context implies a need to manage energy demand. In order to do this, understanding completely the determinants of energy demand is first required. Also, there is a need to find tools to reduce energy consumption. In this thesis, we are interested in the consequences of a household’s choice of location on energy consumption and on the role of the green value to promote the adoption of energy-efficient buildings by households. The first chapter analyzes an urban microeconomic model of residential choice of location and energy consumption. In order to complete this theoretical analysis, we estimate the energy demand of the residential sector. The second and third chapters study the green value and its role in the promotion of green buildings. In chapter 2, we present a meta-analysis of the literature estimating the green value. In chapter 3, we use a spatial hedonic model to estimate the residential green value for the urban area of Dijon. Finally, in the last chapter, we study the residential choice of households concerning the energy performance of their dwelling. To do so, we estimate the probability of households to live in an energy-efficient building or not. The results of these estimates and the results of the previous chapters are then mobilized to discuss the efficiency of the public policy used for managing energy demand
Salvador, Michaël. "Bâtiments à énergie positive, optimisation de la demande et de la production à partir des sources d'énergies renouvelables." Perpignan, 2012. https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01260241.
Full textOuedraogo, Boukary. "Éléments économiques pour la gestion de l'offre et de la demande du bois-énergie dans la région de Ouagadougou." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40035.
Full textDargahi, Uzoonbulagh Ardavan. "Gestion des flux multi-énergie pour les systèmes V2H." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT104/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation addresses the power management for the convergence oftransportation and housing power requirement. An approach based on optimization techniquesis proposed for the joint management of the power production and consumption in buildingswith renewable energy generator and connection to electric vehicle. The power manageranticipates day ahead optimal control for multiple electrical and thermal sources locatedin the building as well as the processes of energy storage in order to achieve the bestpossible configuration of energy flow, which minimize the cost of energy bills. Consideringthe bidirectional energy flow between the vehicle and the building in the "vehicle to home"(V2H) applications, the energy stored in the cars battery of the car can be used to supplythe household loads while it is parked. The manager also performs an electrical demandadjustment mechanism which programs schedules the "operation" of some of home appliancesin order to reduce the consumption of the inhabitants during peak periods when the electricityprice is high
B, Dumont Laurence, and Dumont Laurence B. "Gestion de la demande en puissance : Outil de planification et stratégies pour la production de bois d'oeuvre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37214.
Full textL’industrie forestière est un secteur économique générant beaucoup d’emplois au Québec, Canada. Dans le but d’assurer la compétitivité et la profitabilité des scieries, plusieurs propriétaires se voient donc dans l’obligation de revoir leurs systèmes de production. De plus, ceux-ci sont à la recherche de nouvelles opportunités pour générer des profits, comme le programme de gestion de la demande en puissance (GDP) d’Hydro-Québec, programme visant à redistribuer l’usage de l’électricité vers des périodes hors-pointe. C’est dans cette optique que s’insère cette maîtrise, dont le but est d’évaluer l’impact technico-économique de l’implantation de stratégies permettant à une scierie typique de participer au programme de GDP. Pour ce faire, une revue de la littérature a été faite, afin d’établir un état de l’art sur les systèmes de gestion de l’énergie en industrie, la gestion de la demande en puissance et les modèles de planification existants dans le milieu de la fabrication de bois d’oeuvre. Ensuite, l’étude d’un système de production de bois d’oeuvre réel et la collecte d’informations quant à la consommation d’électricité des équipements et de chauffage des espaces de travail utilisés ont été réalisées. Ces informations ont par la suite été intégrées à l’intérieur d’un modèle de planification tactique des opérations. Avec un tel modèle, il devenait donc possible de tester différentes stratégies permettant de réduire l’appel en puissance des équipements en cas d’évènement de GDP et de mesurer les gains financiers ou encore les pertes engendrées par la mise en place de telles stratégies. Plus particulièrement, six stratégies ont été testées. À la suite d’une étude comparative basée sur la profitabilité de chaque stratégie, il s’est avéré que le meilleur scénario permettait d’augmenter les profits de la scierie à l’étude de près de 5%, tout en offrant une augmentation de profit durant un grand nombre d’heures de GDP (68 heures). Somme toute, l’étude a permis de trouver, pour une scierie type du Québec, la meilleure stratégie à mettre en place pour participer au programme de GDP d’Hydro-Québec. Elle a également a permis de développer un modèle de planification pour l’industrie du bois d’oeuvre intégrant la facette énergétique et de générer une méthodologie générale permettant de reproduire les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de la recherche à d’autres secteurs.
The forestry industry is an economic sector that generates a lot of jobs in Quebec, Canada. In order to ensure the competitiveness and profitability of sawmills, many owners are therefore obliged to review their production systems. In addition, they are looking into new opportunities to generate profits like Hydro-Quebec's Demandresponse program (DR). It is in this perspective that this master project is integrated, whose aim is to find the best strategy at the level of profitability, for a typical Quebec sawmill, to participate in Hydro-Quebec’s DR program. To this end, a literature review was conducted to establish a state of the art on energy management systems in industry, on demand-response programs and on existing planning models in the lumber manufacturing industry. Then, the study of a real lumber production system and the information collection about the equipment electricity consumption and the workspace heating used were realized. This information was subsequently integrated into a tactical operations planning model. With such a model, it became possible to test different strategies to reduce the equipment power demand in case of DR event and measure the financial gains or the losses generated by the implementation of such strategies. More specifically, six strategies were tested. As a result of a comparative study based on the profitability of each strategy, it turned out that the best scenario allowed the sawmill profits to increase by almost 5% while offering a profit increase for a large number of DR hour (68 hours). All in all, the study found that, for a typical Quebec sawmill, the best strategy to put in place to participate in Hydro-Québec's DR program. It also helped develop a planning model for the lumber industry integrating the electrical energy facet and generates a general methodology for replicating the work done in the present research to other sectors.
The forestry industry is an economic sector that generates a lot of jobs in Quebec, Canada. In order to ensure the competitiveness and profitability of sawmills, many owners are therefore obliged to review their production systems. In addition, they are looking into new opportunities to generate profits like Hydro-Quebec's Demandresponse program (DR). It is in this perspective that this master project is integrated, whose aim is to find the best strategy at the level of profitability, for a typical Quebec sawmill, to participate in Hydro-Quebec’s DR program. To this end, a literature review was conducted to establish a state of the art on energy management systems in industry, on demand-response programs and on existing planning models in the lumber manufacturing industry. Then, the study of a real lumber production system and the information collection about the equipment electricity consumption and the workspace heating used were realized. This information was subsequently integrated into a tactical operations planning model. With such a model, it became possible to test different strategies to reduce the equipment power demand in case of DR event and measure the financial gains or the losses generated by the implementation of such strategies. More specifically, six strategies were tested. As a result of a comparative study based on the profitability of each strategy, it turned out that the best scenario allowed the sawmill profits to increase by almost 5% while offering a profit increase for a large number of DR hour (68 hours). All in all, the study found that, for a typical Quebec sawmill, the best strategy to put in place to participate in Hydro-Québec's DR program. It also helped develop a planning model for the lumber industry integrating the electrical energy facet and generates a general methodology for replicating the work done in the present research to other sectors.
Von, Niederhäusern Léonard. "Conception et tarification de nouveaux services en énergie dans un environnement compétitif." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0004.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop and study mathematical models of economical exchanges between energy suppliers and consumers, using demand-side management. On one hand, the suppliers offer time-of-use electricity prices. On the other hand, energy consumers decide on their energy demand schedule, minimizing their electricity bill and the inconvenience due to schedule changes. This problem structure gives rise to bilevel optimization problems.Three kinds of models are studied. First, single-leader single-follower problems modeling the interaction between an energy supplier and a smart grid operator. In this first approach, the level of details is very high on the follower’s side, and notably includes a stochastic treatment of distributed generation. Second, a multi-leader multi-follower problem is studied from the point of view of the best response of one of the suppliers. Aggregators are included in the lower level. Two new resolution methods based on a selection of Nash equilibriums at the lower level are proposed. In the third and final part, the focus is on the evaluation of noncooperative equilibriums for this multi-leader multi-follower problem.All the problems have been studied both from a theoretical and numerical point of view
Goossens, Xavier. "La maîtrise de la demande en eau et en énergie en agriculture irriguée : de l'évaluation des enjeux à la proposition d'actions ciblées." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13050.
Full textGoossens, Xavier. "LA MAITRISE DE LA DEMANDE EN EAU ET EN ENERGIE EN AGRICULTURE IRRIGUEE : DE L'EVALUATION DES ENJEUX A LA PROPOSITION D'ACTIONS CIBLEES." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557287.
Full textBoukinda, Mbadinga Morgan Laetitia. "Surface de réponse des efforts de houle des structures jackets colonisées par des bio-salissures." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2158.
Full textWhen designing or re-assessing an offshore structure, one of the most delicate stages relates to the calculation of the solicitations : actions exerted by the swell, the wind and the currents. It comes partly from the randomness or uncertainties that concern the marine environment as well as the modelling of loading. Presence of marine growth makes these questions more sensitive. The generic term of marine growth includes the vegetable species (algae …) and animal (mussel, anemones, corals …). Indeed very quickly, the structures are covered of a multitude of marine organisms. It remains particularly difficult to quantify this phenomenon by taking into account the diversity of the organism, the seasonal conditions and the competition to which the various species for their survival are delivered. Its influence on an offshore structure can be measured on several levels : obstruct or prohibits a visual inspection of the subjacent support, expensive procedures of cleaning for oil industries, increase in the hydrodynamic efforts on the level of the structure. This work aims to provide a probabilistic modelling of marine growth evolution in five regions in the Gulf of Guinea. A physical matrix response surface is then built in view to provide a probabilistic modelling of the environmental loading on Jacket offshore structures in presence of marine growth. A study case allows performing sensitivity and uncertainty studies in view to improve, supplement, integrate and make more operational the methods and tools for structural reassessment
Broc, Jean-Sébastien. "L'Evaluation ex-post des operations locales de maitrise de la demande en energie : Etat de l'art, méthodes bottom-up, exemples appliqués et approche du développement d'une culture pratique de l'évaluation." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1446.
Full textEnergy end-use Efficiency (EE) is a priority for energy policies to face resources exhaustion and to reduce pollutant emissions. At the same time, in France, local level is increasingly involved into the implementation of EE activities, whose frame is changing (energy market liberalisation, new policy instruments). Needs for ex-post evaluation of the local EE activities are thus increasing, for regulation requirements and to support a necessary change of scale. Our thesis focuses on the original issue of the ex-post evaluation of local EE operations in France. The state of the art, through the analysis of the American and European experiences and of the reference guidebooks, gives a substantial methodological material and emphasises the key evaluation issues. Concurrently, local EE operations in France are characterized by an analysis of their environment and a work on their segmentation criteria. The combination of these criteria with the key evaluation issues provides an analysis framework used as the basis for the evaluation methods composition. This also highlights the specific evaluation needs for local operations. A methodology is then developed to complete and adapt the existing material to design evaluation methods for local operations, so that stakeholders can easily appropriate. Evaluation results thus feed a know-how building process with experience feedback. These methods are to meet two main goals: to determine the operation results, and to detect the success/failure factors. The methodology was validated on concrete cases, where these objectives were reached
Dumond, Christophe. "Etude de la réponse de structures filaires à des parasites électromagnétiques transitoires en présence du sol réel." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0037.
Full textAyele, Getnet Tadesse. "Exploiting the synergies from coupled electricity and heat distribution networks : modelling, simulation and optimization based on an extended energy hub approach." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0215.
Full textRecent literature shows that there is a significant potential of decarbonisation and efficiency improvement that can be achieved through the synergy from multi-energy systems (MESs). Coupling technologies, such as co-generation plants, heat pumps and thermal storages are widely recommended as means of unlocking additional flexibility and increasing the penetration of renewables in the heating and electricity sectors. In view of that, the size and number of coupling technologies, such as combined heat and power plants and heat pumps (HPs), being installed in the heat distribution networks are increasing. As these technologies are exclusively managed by the district heating network operators, their operation sometimes becomes suboptimal from the electricity network point of view, and they (in particular large HPs) may cause overloading of the low voltage electricity distribution networks. Integrated simulation and optimisation models are required to exploit the synergies effectively without compromising the constituent distribution networks of MES. Such models are not yet well developed. The conventional single-energy-carrier simulation tools are not capable of capturing key operating parameters of the multi-carrier distribution networks either. A novel methodology for simulation and optimisation of MES is developed in this thesis based on an Extended Energy Hub (EEH) approach. The general framework is first developed in modular form so that it can be easily adapted for any type of multi-carrier energy networks. The framework is then used to develop the details of an integrated load flow model governing coupled heating and electricity distribution networks. Various load flow case studies with radial and meshed topologies are considered for demonstration and numerical validation of the proposed model. The load flow model is further combined with a particle swarm optimisation algorithm in order to conduct integrated optimal power flow studies. Its contribution to the state of art is demonstrated by studying the optimal placement of coupling technologies, such as HPs and boilers in coupled heating and electricity distribution networks. The capacity of the model is further illustrated by exploiting the synergies using HPs together with thermal storage in the presence of intermittent renewables and variable electricity price signal. It is shown that the EEH-based simulation and optimisation methodologies proposed in this thesis are very effective, flexible and easily scalable in capturing the key operating parameters of integrated electricity and district heating networks. The models can be used as a platform for further studies on integration of smart grids and smart thermal networks
Afsar, Sezin. "Revenue optimization and demand response models using bilevel programming in smart grid systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10141/document.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with revenue optimization of an energy provider. A bilevel programming approach is proposed to model the relationship between the energy provider (leader) and power users (follower). The leader intends to achieve an optimal trade-off between revenue and peak load whereas the follower minimizes total cost of users to achieve system optimality. A smart grid structure that allows two-way communication is assumed to interconnect users and to schedule their demand regarding the prices. Day-ahead real-time prices are read by each customer's smart meter and the response is coordinated. In this thesis, we propose several bilinear bilevel programs that are presented and reformulated as single-level mixed integer problems using the KKT conditions of the follower's problem. These MIPs are solved to optimality for randomly generated instances using a commercial software. Different versions of the models are tested and compared. In order to solve large instances, several heuristics are developed. Two of these methods are shown to be efficient and solve large instances that cannot be solved within a reasonable time interval using exact method. Their outputs are compared to the exact solutions for small instances and their performances are evaluated. Finally, we address the robust bilevel optimization problem, discuss existing approaches, give illustrative examples, and propose avenues for future research
Peigné, Pierre. "Modélisation dynamique de l'offre et de la demande énergétique des territoires ruraux : application au secteur résidentiel." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR1801/document.
Full textRural areas have the main resources of renewable energy in France. Energy networks are less dense there than in urban areas and some energy vectors, like gas, are often missing. However, as urban energy systems have been widely studied, the specificities of rural energy demand remain little-known, especially for the residential sector. Recent works highlight new challenges related to decentralization of the French energy system and the need for fine knowledge of demand and supply, on both spatial and time scales. This research work pursues two objectives. First, it commits to identify the specificities of rural housing energy consumption. Then, it aims at analyzing the potential response of local renewable energy sources to the residential demand in a mixed urban-rural territory, in a 100 % RES process – equilibrium between annual energy demand and supply on the territory
Celik, Berk. "Coordination mechanisms for smart homes electric energy management through distributed resource scheduling with demand response programs." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA013/document.
Full textGrid modernization through philosophies as the Smart Grid has the potential to help meet the expected world increasing demand and integrate new distributed generation resources at the same time. Using advanced communication and computing capabilities, the Smart Grid offers a new avenue of controlling end-user assets, including small units such as home appliances. However, with such strategies, decisions taken independently can cause undesired effects such as rebound peaks, contingencies, and instabilities in the network. Therefore, the interaction between the energy management actions of multiple smart homes is a challenging issue in the Smart Grid. Under this purpose, in this work, the potential of coordination mechanisms established among residential customers at the neighborhood level is evaluated through three studies. Firstly, coordinative home energy management is presented, with the aim to increase local renewable energy usage in the neighborhood area by establishing energy trading among smart homes, which are compensated by incentives. The control algorithm is realized in both centralized and decentralized manners by deploying a multi-agent system, where neighborhood entities are modeled as agents. Simulations results show that both methods are effective on increasing local renewable energy usage and decreasing the daily electricity bills of customers. However, while the decentralized approach gives results in shorter time, the centralized approach shows a better performance regarding costs. Secondly, two decentralized energy management algorithms are proposed for day-ahead energy management in the neighborhood area. A dynamic pricing model is used, where price is associated to the aggregated consumption and grid time-of-use scheme. The objective of the study is to establish a more advanced coordination mechanism (compared to previous work) with residual renewable energy is shared among smart homes. In this study, the performance of the algorithms is investigated with daily and annual analyses, with and without considering forecasting errors. According to simulations results, both coordinative control models show better performance compared to baseline and selfish (no coordination) control cases, even when considering forecasting errors. Lastly, the impact of photovoltaic systems on a residential aggregator performance (in a centralized approach) is investigated in a neighborhood area. In the proposed model, the aggregator interacts with the spot market and the utility, and proposes a novel pricing scheme to influence customers to control their loads. Simulation results show that when the penetration level of residential photovoltaics (PV) is increased, the aggregator profit decreases due to self-consumption ability with PV in the neighborhood
Palermo, Szücs Carolina. "Système ouvert de construction en bois pour la maison populaire, appliqué à une systématique autoconstructive, comme une réponse à la demande d'habitations dans la région Sud-brésilienne." Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Szucs.Palermo_Carolina.SMZ9114.pdf.
Full textRossi, Giuseppe Germano. "Etude de la réponse au rayonnement X entre 10KeV-100KeV des détecteurs à micro-pistes de germanium avec résolution spatiale et en énergie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10089.
Full textGOMES, VIEIRA FILHO NILSON. "Le circuit de la demande effective et de la réponse institutionnelle en santé mentale : confrontation des pratiques thérapeutiques pour adultes en institution psychiatrique brésilienne (Recife) et italienne (Trieste)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070113.
Full textThe central aim of our research is to compare the therapeutic practices adopted in the brazilian (recife) and italian (trieste) public psychiatric institutions. Our theoretical orientation was based in the clinic approach of the "circuit of effective demand and institutional response in mental health" (basaglian school). First, we expose the conceptual and hypothetical basis of our approach, then we specify a participant research method respect to our investigation field, and finally we analyse the corpus collected during the practice. The comparison of the two therapeutic experiences showed two constrastant configurations of the "circuit" (institutionalization in recife, and desinstitutionalization in trieste), while in the international context, a "desinstitutionalization" policy of psychiatric organizations is observed
Laperrière, Wendy. "Évaluation des limites d'un digesteur biogaz pour une utilisation flexible dans un réseau local de production d'énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT068/document.
Full textWith the increasing share of intermittent renewable energies in the electricity mix, some stability problems are expected in the grid. The solution consists in using biogas as buffer energy. Biogas can be stored, then used on-demand. As the storage is limited, biogas production should be flexible. The aim of this thesis was to study and determine the limits of anaerobic reactors in a flexible operation. Three 15L reactors, fed with three different mixtures of two solid substrates, were fed for 550 days in flexible operation. It was demonstrated in this thesis that flexible operation with one-off overloads had no negative impact on methane production on long-term. The flexibility was defined as the margin between the maximum production on a reactor and its baseload production. It was strongly influenced by the baseload of the reactor and the substrates used in overloads, but not by the intensity of the overloads applied. The use of readily degradable substrates in overloads allowed a maximum production of 1 to 1.2 LCH4/Lreactor.d to be achieved in the first 24 hours, even in reactors fed mainly with manure, leading to flexibility ranging from +92 to + 150%. This ceiling depends on the rate of hydrolysis of the substrates. It can be increased by using compounds that are of a simpler structure (glycerol for example). An operational strategy ready to be validated on pilot plants has been defined; it specifies the approach for the determination of the maximum production and the level of the baseload to be adopted, for an optimal flexibilization of the methane production on CSTRs. A simple model, based on two degradation rates, has also been developed to simulate flexible operation of anaerobic reactors
Mendo, Me Mfou Elvire Mireille Inès. "Les micro-unités de santé informelles au Cameroun : quelle réponse aux besoins des populations les plus vulnérables ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12018/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the success of informal micro-care units (IMCUs) in urban Cameroon at a time when other initiatives such as formal primary health care promoted by the World Health Organization are implemented to improve access of vulnerable populations to care. We seek to first, understand the extent to which IMCUs better meet the health needs of some disadvantaged populations than other health services, and second draw lessons on the possible place of the IMCUs in an expanded health policy. We rely on the literature to explain the motivations of suppliers and care-seeker in health economics and in the informal economy. We also rely on quantitative and qualitative surveys we conducted in Yaounde with suppliers and care-seeker. We highlight a number of variables that determine the selection for the IMCUs by the care-seeker. Our thesis shows that in the context of informal micro-market in which IMCUs operate, the market mechanisms are insufficient to explain actors’ behavior, while economics of convention and the capabilities approach are relevant grids of analysis. The conventions illustrate the process of adjustment of supply to demand subjected to high constraints. The prospects of integrating the MUSIs to national health policy stem from their potential contribution, under certain conditions, to the expansion of primary health care
Yankam, Njonou Rabelais. "Analyse économique de la réponse du marché du blé différencié aux instruments de l'organisation commune des marchés du secteur des céréales : le cas de la France." Université catholique de Louvain, 2004. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-04062004-164824/.
Full textBroc, Jean-Sébastien. "L'évaluation ex-post des opérations locales de maîtrise de la demande en énergie - Etat de l'art, méthodes bottom-up, exemples appliqués et approche du développement d'une culture pratique de l'évaluation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164864.
Full textEn parallèle, les échelons locaux prennent une importance croissante dans la mise en oeuvre des activités de MDE, dont le cadre évolue (ouverture des marchés, nouveaux instruments d'intervention). Dans ce contexte, les besoins en évaluation ex-post augmentent, aussi bien pour des raisons réglementaires que pour aider à un nécessaire changement d'échelle. Notre thèse étudie la problématique originale de l'évaluation ex-post des opérations locales de MDE en France.
L'état de l'art, au travers de l'analyse des expériences américaines et européennes ainsi que des ouvrages de référence dans le domaine, fournit un matériau méthodologique conséquent et fait ressortir les questions clés liées à l'évaluation. En parallèle, les
opérations locales de MDE en France sont caractérisées par une analyse de leur contexte et un travail sur leurs critères de segmentation.
La combinaison de ces critères avec les questions clés de l'évaluation donne une grille d'analyse qui sert de base à la constitution de méthodes d'évaluation. L'étude des spécificités des opérations locales précise de plus les besoins associés en évaluation.
Une méthodologie est ensuite développée pour compléter et adapter les matériaux existants au cas des opérations locales afin de mettre au point des méthodes d'évaluation opérationnelles, facilement appropriables par les acteurs et permettant d'alimenter un processus de capitalisation d'expériences. Ces méthodes permettent de répondre aux deux objectifs principaux : quantifier les résultats obtenus, et détecter les facteurs de succès/échec. La méthodologie a été validée sur des cas concrets, pour lesquels ces objectifs ont été atteints.
Berenguier, Frédéric. "Structurer une réponse à la demande de stabilisation et de réactualisation des connaissances dans la dynamique de conception et de réalisation de produits : création de la Mémoire d'Entreprise et du Systè́me d'Intelligence Economique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30057.
Full textNowadays all companies are compelled to innovate in all their activities and behaviours due to the complexity of their technical and commercial environment as well as their increasing difficulty to make the best possible use of their own internal knowledge engineering. Among companies' innovative behaviours are methods and tools aiming to implement systems such as Business Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering. The implementation of actious taken in order to develop such systems within "CNIM" (Constructions Industrielles de Mediteranée) will be the starting point of the present writing which will, at the end, be completed by wider theoretical reflexions to enlarge its scope of use. In this manner, we will propose a global process to create knowledge Management systems within various companies. The implementation of such systems are likely to create some disturbances within their social environment and many impediments will be encountered in the course of their realization. A substantial part of the present study will deal with such problems and suggest adequate solutions
He, Yujun. "Contribution au réglage de la tension sur un réseau HTA avec producteurs. Apport de la flexibilité de la demande." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0005/document.
Full textGrowth of distributed generations (DG) in actual distribution networks will bring voltage issues that cannot be fixed by conventional voltage control means. For the sake of network safety, the size of DG and load in a distribution network is limited by the network parameters. The research described in this thesis aims to propose a voltage control strategy on distribution networks using the flexibility of demand. The voltage control means will consist of the on load tap changer (OLTC), the regulation of DG, and flexible demand. A centralized optimization of MINLP type is proposed to coordinate these voltage control means. It shows if it is not able to remove the voltage constraint with OLTC and reactive power regulation, then it must reduce the active power of DG. In order not to reduce active power of DG, the flexible demand is considered as an active source to take part in voltage control. The demand response (DR) modulation using thermal loads is thus proposed for voltage control. For the thermal load, the cold load pick-up (CLPU) effect must be taken into account in order not to affect the voltage profile after DR action. This work allows us to consider a voltage control strategy more active in smart distribution network and improve the flexibility of network
Vessat, Alexis. "Le rapport énergie-croissance revisité par l'accès à l'électricité : le cas des pays de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD034.
Full textEnergy demand in Sub-Saharan Africa has outpaced that in the North. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has forecasted the greatest increase in energy consumption to come from this area. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth began to be studied in Sub-Saharan Africa in the late 90s, using the same method as for developed countries and with the same lack of consensus on the direction of causality. This thesis attempts to clarify this situation through a meta-analysis of fifty articles published since 1996 to 2016. This meta-analysis involves five analytical categories: type of publication, geographical area studied, econometrics method used, energy consumption indicators, and control variables. Each of these dimensions includes many disaggregated variables. Logistic regressions are run on the variables presented above for each of the four causality hypotheses. In research that studies single countries, the likelihood of finding for a given causality hypothesis is very sensitive to the econometric method implemented. Findings on a panel of countries are then presented; their methods assert the neutrality hypothesis.The energy sector in sub-Saharan Africa is in a state of flux. Based on an approach borrowed from industrial economics, using historical examples that point to three successive transformations of electricity market structure, our analysis differs from previous studies by looking at demand as a consequence of supply. Our results show, an extremely fragmented demand for energy in sub-Saharan African countries,within which a very dynamic unmet demand drives change in how supply is offered. New forms of energy provisioning introduced on the electricity market put into question the initial on-grid network model. The appearance of decentralized electricity production shows that there is a potential for going beyond current limitations and moving away from a supply structure focused on the maintenance and improvement of ongrid networks without consideration of the needs of rural populations on one hand, and on the other hand, the establishment of expensive mini-grids that provide inferior energy services to rural populations. New territorial linkages focus on mechanisms seen in energy demand.As a result, our doctoral research questions the energy access gap between urban and rural populations, that remains considerable, even considering households and businesses with potential access to the grid. Tariff schedules are thus the interface between the conditions for producing electricity, the end user and public energy-access policy. This article evaluates the contribution of electricity tariff schedules, a major access instrument, to the continued existence of the energy access gap, and looks at whether this gap is primarily between rural and urban populations. Using a panel set of random effects that are double controlled (1990-2012, 33 countries divided into 4 groups, 17 variables related to residential and commercial consumption, production and willingness to pay), the article shows the systematically regressive effect of tariff schedules on access for both residential and commercial consumption, their failure to provide reduced rates to enable access to the poor, their neglect of households passing the threshold of the first consumption block and their ineffective treatment of energy poverty in urban and rural households. For households with access to a centralised grid, we find that the criterion of location is less important than the economic conditions of the customers served
Lassonde, Sylvain. "Potentiels et limites météorologiques et climatiques d’un foisonnement des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX035/document.
Full textGreenhouse gas emissions are responsible of the global warming observed in recent decades. It is therefore essential today to decarbonise our way of life, the energy sector and the production of electricity in particular. Renewable energies, such as wind and photovoltaic power, have developed strongly these last years. These sources of energy have a main constraint for their development : they are intermittent and non-controllable for balancing the demand. The share of these productions becomesimportant in the electricity mix, the larger the problems of balancing the demand will become.In this PhD study, terrestrial and photovoltaic wind generation were modeled and corrected according to an homogeneous distribution of capacities across France and Europe between 1979 and 2015 according to the ERA-interim reanalysis. In a second step, a simplified model of renewable supply and the French demand balancing (MSEOD) was developed and applied during the period of the ERAinterim reanalysis from 1979 to 2015. The aims of this model is to explore the potential and the limits of renewable energies balancing depending on the cost optimisation of electricity or the minimisation of volume of energy stored.During this PhD thesis, we have shown that the cost optimisation of electricity (between 186 and 194 euro / MWh according to the scenarii) leads to a low overproduction (between 10 to 20 %) with an important storage capacity (power and stored energy - between 20 and 81 hours of the average consumption), while the minimization of the maximum sizing of stored energy leads to a high overproduction (between 164 to 199 %) generating electricity costs about twice as large (between 373 and 488 euro / MWh). Despite a strong overproduction (close to 200 % of the average consumption), an additional power (destocking and thermal production) large than the average consumption is still necessary for balancing the demand during sizing meteorological events. The absence of constraint of imported powers on the network makes it possible to reduce the maximum size of stored energy by a factor of 10 as compared to the case of a self-sufficient French production. The additional power required for the balance of energy is little reduced. This work has shown that some meteorological sizing events lead to a very low renewable production at European scale. The optimal technological mix is highly wind-powered. Between 68 and 100 % of the intermittent production mix comes from wind production (depending of the scenarii and the LCOEs tested). The use of electricity production using smaller cost (60 e/MWh for photovoltaïque and 65 e/MWh for wind production), leads to an electricity cost around 100 e/MWh for a maximum storage volume corresponding to a day of the average consumption
Bros, Aurélie. "Good bye Ukraine ! : How does Gazprom aim to ensure the security of demand in a context where Europe is reshaping its energy architecture ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010582.
Full textThe history of Gazprom is a series of constant adaptations – with varying degrees of success – to both European market conditions and the format of dialogue with all parties involved in the gas business across the continent. The company thrived during the 1990s and the 2000s in an environment where the main characteristics of the former model were retained. At the same time, Gazprom constantly seized any new opportunity which was offered by the liberalization and opening up of national gas markets. This has not prevented the company from encountering a few difficulties, illustrating that adaptation can be difficult from time to time. Gazprom is facing structural challenges that have been of particular concern over the last few years. The major difficulty is that this occurs at a time when the wider EU-Russia energy dialogue is highly fraught due to severe tensions which are more broadly affecting the dialogue between the European Union and the Russian Federation
Ladeira, Icaro. "Développement d'un solveur rapide et fiable basé sur des formules simplifiées pour évaluer la réponse des supports tubulaires d'éoliennes offshore soumis à l 'impact d'un navire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0016.
Full textThis thesis focuses on thedevelopment of simplified methodologies toassess the ship collision response of offshorewind turbines (OWT) supported by standalonetubular members such as monopiles and sparfloaters, with the inclusion of elasticcontributions, and the capability to address bothlow and high-energy impactsThe research is divided into two parts. The firstpart concerns the quasi-static elasto-plasticimpact response of typical OWTs. A timesteppingalgorithm was developed based ontheoretical formulations and implemented in astructural solver that is capable of predicting theOWT’s complete deformation process.The second part examines the dynamic elasticresponse of a monopile to a ship impact. Asimplified two-step framework based ontransfer matrices was developed to assess theresponse of the OWT to a given collision load,in particular the RNA acceleration.This thesis was conducted in the framework ofthe ColFOWT project, which aims to develop acomprehensive and rapid assessment tool forship-OWT collisions. The tool will be capable ofmodelling the multi-mechanism energy transferprocess that takes place during a collisionevent, including local and global deformationmechanisms, hydrodynamic effects, andmooring response
Djemaa, Ahcène. "Modélisation bottom-up, un outil d'aide à la décision long terme pour les mesures politiques en matière d'énergie et d'environnement : le modèle TIMES appliqué aux industries grandes consommatrices d'énergie." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005303.
Full text- tracer l'image de l'industrie (profil de production technologique),
- calculer les consommations énergétiques et les potentiels d'économies d'énergies réalisables,
- estimer les émissions de dioxyde de carbone résultantes. Ce travail indique qu'il existe encore un important potentiel d'économies d'énergie et de réductions des émissions de dioxyde de carbone dans l'ensemble des secteurs industriels.
Lassonde, Sylvain. "Potentiels et limites météorologiques et climatiques d’un foisonnement des énergies renouvelables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX035.
Full textGreenhouse gas emissions are responsible of the global warming observed in recent decades. It is therefore essential today to decarbonise our way of life, the energy sector and the production of electricity in particular. Renewable energies, such as wind and photovoltaic power, have developed strongly these last years. These sources of energy have a main constraint for their development : they are intermittent and non-controllable for balancing the demand. The share of these productions becomesimportant in the electricity mix, the larger the problems of balancing the demand will become.In this PhD study, terrestrial and photovoltaic wind generation were modeled and corrected according to an homogeneous distribution of capacities across France and Europe between 1979 and 2015 according to the ERA-interim reanalysis. In a second step, a simplified model of renewable supply and the French demand balancing (MSEOD) was developed and applied during the period of the ERAinterim reanalysis from 1979 to 2015. The aims of this model is to explore the potential and the limits of renewable energies balancing depending on the cost optimisation of electricity or the minimisation of volume of energy stored.During this PhD thesis, we have shown that the cost optimisation of electricity (between 186 and 194 euro / MWh according to the scenarii) leads to a low overproduction (between 10 to 20 %) with an important storage capacity (power and stored energy - between 20 and 81 hours of the average consumption), while the minimization of the maximum sizing of stored energy leads to a high overproduction (between 164 to 199 %) generating electricity costs about twice as large (between 373 and 488 euro / MWh). Despite a strong overproduction (close to 200 % of the average consumption), an additional power (destocking and thermal production) large than the average consumption is still necessary for balancing the demand during sizing meteorological events. The absence of constraint of imported powers on the network makes it possible to reduce the maximum size of stored energy by a factor of 10 as compared to the case of a self-sufficient French production. The additional power required for the balance of energy is little reduced. This work has shown that some meteorological sizing events lead to a very low renewable production at European scale. The optimal technological mix is highly wind-powered. Between 68 and 100 % of the intermittent production mix comes from wind production (depending of the scenarii and the LCOEs tested). The use of electricity production using smaller cost (60 e/MWh for photovoltaïque and 65 e/MWh for wind production), leads to an electricity cost around 100 e/MWh for a maximum storage volume corresponding to a day of the average consumption
Buckley, Penelope. "Comportement des ménages en matière de consommation d'électricité : une meta-analyse et des approches expérimentales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAE001/document.
Full textThis thesis examines how consumers respond to incentives used to encourage a reduction in their energy consumption. This necessary reduction stems from the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy production from renewable energy sources and achieve energy savings. These objectives require that residential demand be more flexible in response to changes in supply and that energy savings be achieved by households. The first chapter explores the barriers to consumer acceptance and adoption of smart meters and the incentives that they provide. Significant barriers exist and consumption reductions are far from being achieved. Limited motivation, lack of understanding of information on consumption and the rigidity of daily life are the main barriers preventing households from acting upon the incentives delivered via smart meters. The second chapter analyses the results of field experiments and pilot studies on the impacts of different incentives on residential consumption. The results show that there are large variations and that, on average, an incentive will result in a 2% reduction in energy consumption. Real-time feedback and monetary information have the greatest effect. Finally, more robust studies report lower reduction effects. In the third chapter, a common pool resource game is used to explore individual responses to price and nudge-based incentives. Individuals are encouraged to reduce their consumption either by price increases or by smilies that reflect their overconsumption. The price is most effective at encouraging the target level of consumption but takes longer to have an effect. The nudge is quickly understood but tends to reinforce overconsumption behaviours. The fourth chapter examines the effect of framing on effort provision. Individuals are asked to complete a simple and repetitive task for which they receive a piece-rate payoff in the form of a gain or loss. Framing in the form of gains and losses is combined with three different payment structures: fixed gain, low gain or high gain with an equal probability revealed before or after the effort is made. The results show that framing has no effect on effort provision, except for a high gain context announced before making the effort
Gouin, Victor. "Évaluation de l’impact du Smart Grid sur les pratiques de planification en cas d’insertion de production décentralisée et de charges flexibles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT097/document.
Full textThe Smart Grids are the combination of electrical networks and new information and communication technologies. They deal with a change of paradigms that are the insertion of distributed generation and the development of new forms of consumption, such as electric vehicles and prosumers. These changes induce many constraints on networks both aging and historically not sized for this context. This thesis studies the impact of these paradigms on the rules for electrical distribution networks planning. A first tool using an adapted simulated annealing algorithm and methods from graph theory was developed to size the networks at low cost, according to the usual rules for planning. Secondly, a methodology combining a Monte Carlo approach and the construction of annual load profiles was proposed to analyze the impact of distributed generation and electric vehicles in an environment subject to uncertainties. The third stage of the work was to implement advanced distribution automations as an alternative to reinforcement, which is very expensive. This part is focused on demand side management. Finally, a new operational planning combining the previous developed tools was created to move towards the planning of the Smart Grids
Essaid, Mohand. "Modélisation et simulation de la connectivité des flux logistiques dans les réseaux manufacturiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783593.
Full textEssaid, Mohand. "Modélisation et simulation de la connectivité des flux logistiques dans les réseaux manufacturiers." Phd thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2008. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/78/35/93/PDF/2008_these_M_Essaid_Finale.pdf.
Full textManufacturing network configuration is today a major industrial problem, especially in a “on demand production” context, characterized by logistical relations in the short term to respond quickly to market opportunities. Our work fit into this and aims to study the dynamics of production flow and evaluating the performance of supply chains. There is more accurately the potential for a company to connect to a manufacturing network, we also call flow connectivity. This potential depends on the organizational maturity of the companies involved in the network. This organizational maturity can be characterized by some attributes describing the operating system and the operations management system of the company. These attributes define enterprises-profiles and help de build a generic model of manufacturing systems. Our research approach is to assess the performance of supply chains made up of different profiles of companies by using simulation in laboratory “in vitro simulation”. The objective of this approach is the benchmark of different logistical scenarios, the detection of inefficient configurations and the implementation of coordination mechanisms to improve their performance. From the experimental results, it is possible to establish a methodological guide to help with the decision, without go through simulations. From a state of the art on the supply chain configuration and modelling, we developed a conceptual model of manufacturing network. This model is instantiated depending on the type of production process, the operations management policies and the level of capability of the company. The latter is defined based on the overall performance effectiveness. The company profiles obtained from the model are then incorporated into a supply chain. The model is then implemented using discrete event simulation. We have made simulations of supply chains by focusing on levels of capability of enterprises in the chain and their demand response strategies. Specifically, we have studied a Make To Stock strategy and an Assemble To Order strategy upstream the chain. We have achieved a benchmark of different supply chain configurations and deduced some behavioural flow dynamics. We showed the impact of heterogeneity of capability levels of supply chain tiers on the overall performance of the system, as well as the potential gains of an Assemble To Order strategy
Sanhaji, Mani Ahmed. "Contribution à la réalisation d'un système de transmission de couple à vitesse variable." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES057.
Full textVillavicencio, Manuel. "Analyzing the optimal development of electricity storage in electricity markets with high variable renewable energy shares." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED044/document.
Full textThe increasing variability of electricity production in Europe, which is mainly due to the intermittent production of renewables such as wind and photovoltaic (VRE), will require significant efforts to reconcile demand and supply at all times. Thus, increasing shares of variability imply increasing amounts of system services. In addition to upgraded interconnections, demand-side management (DSM) and dispatchable backup capacity, electric energy storage (EES) technologies will have a major role to play in this context.However, due to the peculiar price formation mechanism prevailing in energy-only electricity markets, the commercial case for EES is being eroded by the very forces that create the need for its increased deployment at the system level. The private incentives of EES are thus diminishing while its social value, which is determined by the multiple system services these technologies can supply, is increasing.This thesis sets out to (1) model and assess the interplays between variability, flexibility needs and decarbonization objectives, (2) analyze the role and the value of EES technologies in view of the French official objectives by 2020, 2030 and 2050, and (3) discuss regulatory aspects, and propose a set of energy policies allowing to succeed in the energy transition and decarbonization goals
Durillon, Benoit. "ModAICSS : Modélisation de l’acceptation et de l’implication de producteurs et consommateurs d’énergie électrique en vue d’une stratégie de supervision énergétique multi-acteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I094.
Full textThe environmental challenges we are currently facing require a drastic shifting in our way to consume: the new paradigm should be less, efficiently, and with the lowest possible impact on the environment. From the electric grid point of view, energy management is of particular interest to reach efficiency while increasing the penetration rate of renewable energy sources, thus ensuring an environmentally friendly production. To that end, all grid stakeholders must take part in the equilibrium, while having their sensitivities and constraints respected. This consideration of stakeholders objectives is indeed an important factor for their acceptance and their involvement. The novelty of this exploratory work is to be found in the definition and understanding of electrical grid stakeholders, and the integration of their profiles in an energy supervisor. As electrical engineering alone does not enable to grasp all the aspects of the problematic, the contribution of humanities and social sciences was introduced. Therefore the interdisciplinary dimension is strong, illustrated by the cooperation with sociology and economy researchers involved in the oversee of this research. The result is a 3-steps methodology applicable to each stakeholder of the grid. The first step is the definition and segmentation of stakeholder profiles. The second step is the first stage of the energy supervisor, optimizing the production and consumption a day ahead. Finally, the third step is the real time management of energy, adjusting the production and consumption during the day. This thesis is therefore divided into two distinct parts: on one side, the global methodology describing each step and the potential approaches, on the other hand, the use of this methodology on a residential case study
Amer, Motaz. "Power consumption optimization based on controlled demand for smart home structure." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4354.
Full textThis thesis proposes a concept of power consumption optimization in smart homes based on demand side management that reposes on using Home Energy Management System (HEMS) that is able to control home appliances. The advantage of the concept is optimizing power consumption without reducing the users living comfort. An adaptive mechanism for smart home energy management system which composed of algorithms that govern the use of different types of loads in order of pre-selected priority in smart home is proposed. In addition a method for the optimization of the power generated from a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) in order to achieve the load demand. Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (PSO) is used as optimization searching algorithm due to its advantages over other techniques for reducing the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) with an acceptable range of the production taking into consideration the losses between production and demand sides. The problem is defined and the objective function is introduced taking into consideration fitness values sensitivity in particle swarm process. The algorithm structure was built using MATLAB software and Arduino 1.0.5 Software. This work achieves the purpose of reducing electricity expense and clipping the Peak-toAverage Ratio (PAR). The experimental setup for the smart meter implementing HEMS is built relying on the Arduino Mega 2560 board as a main controller and a web application of URL http://www.smarthome-em.com to interface with the proposed smart meter using the Arduino WIFI Shield
Zia, Muhammad Fahad. "On energy management optimization for microgrids enriched with renewable energy sources Microgrids energy management systems: a critical review on methods, solutions, and prospects, in Applied Energy 222, July 2018 Optimal operational planning of scalable DC microgrid with demand response, islanding, and battery degradation cost considerations, in Applied Energy 237, March 2019 Energy management system for an islanded microgrid with convex relaxation, in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, Nov.-Dec. 2019 Microgrid transactive energy: review, architectures, distributed ledger technologies, and market analysis, in IEEE Access, January 2020." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2020/These-2020-SPI-Genie_electrique-ZIA_Muhammad_Fahad.pdf.
Full textThe current electric power system isfacing the challenges of environmental protection,increasing global electricity demand, high reliability requirement, cleanliness of energy, and planning restrictions. To evolve towards green and smart electric power system, centralized generating facilities are now being transformed into smaller and more distributed generations. As a consequence, the concept of microgrid emerges, where a microgrid can operate as a single controllable system and can be assumed as a cluster of loads and distributed energy resources, which may include many renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. The energy management of large numbers of distributed energy resources is needed for reliable operation of microgrid system. Therefore, energy management is the fundamental part of the microgrid operation for economical and sustainable development. In this regard, this thesis focuses on proposing energy management optimization models for optimal operation of microgrid system that include proposed practical Li-ion battery degradation cost model. These different energy management models include objective functions of operating cost of distributed generators, emission cost of conventional generation source, maximum utilization of renewable energy sources, battery degradation cost, demand response incentives, and load shedding penalization cost, with microgrid component and physical network constraints. A comprehensive conceptual seven layer model is also developed to provide standardized insights in implementing real transactive energy systems
Mohamed, Cheik Hamidou Issoufa. "Excès de liquidité monétaire, objectif d'inflation et stabilité financière." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G001/document.
Full textRecent developments in asset prices (stocks, real estate) during the last decade have revived the debate on the origin of some unbalances (bubbles) and their impact on the real economy. Indeed asset prices respond to liquidity glut (the global monetary base growing faster than world production) in a low inflation regime. In this thesis, we try to clarify the relationship between liquidity conditions and prices which may render economies more vulnerable to financial shocks (e.g. as a result of the bursting of asset prices bubble). Thereafter, we examine how monetary policy should respond to this threat by analyzing the implications of the existence of liquidity glut on the "inflation targeting" policy. To deal with liquidity glut and ensure financial stability, should central banks have to consider asset prices in their design of monetary policy?
Ben, Abdessalem Mohamed Anis. "Optimisation avec prise en compte des incertitudes dans la mise en forme par hydroformage." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625437.
Full textSaker, Nathalie. "Contribution au pilotage de la charge pour accroître la flexibilité du système électrique." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812674.
Full textAllard, Stéphane. "Enjeux de flexibilité liés au développement des infrastructures réseaux pour l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables dans le système électrique à l’horizon 2100." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT101/document.
Full textThe power system is facing a major shift with the large-scale development of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). This vertical and centralized architecture helped the system to be robust and reliable. However, VRES production is intermittent and less predictable. As a result, the system needs to add more flexibility with new options such as Demand Side Management, storage technologies and VREs curtailment. But renewable energies potentials are unevenly distributed in Europe and, with high shares of VREs, power flows exchanges will increase between specific regions. As a result, the existing transmission grid would face congestions and these flexibility options might not be sufficient to alleviate these bottlenecks. To analyse these impacts, the work carried in this thesis uses the long-term energy model POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) coupled with the new European power sector module EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). It includes a detailed transmission grid and more realistic power flows with a DC-OPF. A grid investment mechanism is also incorporated to determine the grid investments based on nodal prices. This new coupling permits to get a dynamic evolution of the transmission grid. The role of the transmission grid is being assessed and compared with other flexibility options. The grid investments increase largely with important development of VRES while other flexibility options cannot completely replace them. Finally, an exploratory work is being carried with the introduction of generic distribution grids (urban, semi-urban and urban) in EUTGRID. The results show that the reinforcements are slightly delayed with a greater use of back-up technologies which increases the total emissions