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Fisch, Audrey A. "‘Repetitious accounts so piteous and so harrowing’: the ideological work of American slave narratives in England." Journal of Victorian Culture 1, no. 1 (March 1996): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13555509609505896.
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Parks, Jennifer A. "Lifting the Burden of Women's Care Work: Should Robots Replace the “Human Touch”?" Hypatia 25, no. 1 (2010): 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01086.x.
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This paper treats the political and ethical issues associated with the new caretaking technologies. Given the number of feminists who have raised serious concerns about the future of care work in the United States, and who have been critical of the degree to which society “free rides” on women's caretaking labor, I consider whether technology may provide a solution to this problem. Certainly, if we can create machines and robots to take on particular tasks, we may lighten the care burden that women currently face, much of which is heavy and repetitious, and which results in injury and care “burnout” for many female caretakers. Yet, in some contexts, I argue that high-tech robotic care may undermine social relationships, cutting individuals off from the possibility of social connectedness with others.
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Čičigoj, Katja. "Repetitions of a text: A text on repetition." Maska 33, no. 191 (September 1, 2018): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.33.191-192.95_1.
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The text repeats the repetition of a performance on repetition with repetition. The text itself consists of the repetition of several texts and of itself; as such it has been/will be repeated several times. The repetitions might be for repetition’s sake (laziness), they might be the symptom of a repetitive hyperproductive activity (workaholism), or they might point to the need of the emergence of difference in the stream of repetition of always the same categories (laziness, work) with which we think art and non-art: repetitive and non.
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Erhardt, Niclas, and Carlos Martin-Rios. "Knowledge Management Systems in Sports: The Role of Organisational Structure, Tacit and Explicit Knowledge." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 15, no. 02 (May 20, 2016): 1650023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649216500234.
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This paper aims to identify two different knowledge management (KM) systems and their underlying capabilities by accounting for two contextual factors: organisational structures and type of knowledge. Specifically, it seeks to explore how two different organisational structures (mechanistic and organic) shape the way explicit and tacit knowledge is shared, created, and learned. The paper uses a case-based approach of two sports teams as archetypal contexts to inform management research. Findings suggest that a mechanistic structure (American football) emphasises explicit knowledge for sharing of specific directives, centralised, incremental knowledge creation, and organisational learning through memorisation and repetitious actions. In an organic structure (ice hockey), sharing of tacit knowledge, decentralised novel knowledge creation, and organisational learning through empowered experiential learning episodes are emphasised. Findings illustrate the importance of accounting for organisational structures and knowledge needed for different KM systems geared towards efficiency and routine work, and flexibility and non-routine work.
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Gouws, Anjo-marí. "“I’m Washing My Dishes and Making a Movie”." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 35, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 60–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-8631559.
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Anne Charlotte Robertson’s Five Year Diary (UK, 1982) is a multimodal project that comprises cinematic, written, audio, and food diaries that span almost forty years of the artist’s life. This article focuses on how gendered labor gets taken up in the diary project and contrasts it to the elision of gendered labor found in Stan Brakhage’s lyrical film Star Garden (US, 1974). The article charts two types of gendered labor Robertson engages in over the course of the project. First, as a document that tracks Robertson’s weight loss, a form of labor that she presents in a register of repetitious drudgery that inevitably ends in failure. Close readings of Robertson’s engagement with diet and exercise are considered within the larger genealogy of women presenting their bodies for measurement in second-wave feminist art. This form of gendered labor is in stark contrast to the second important form found in Five Year Diary, that of work located in the domestic realm. Presented in a decidedly different register of repetition, one rooted in joy, Robertson’s time-lapse and stop-motion sequences record her efforts at cooking and cleaning, relying on time-lapse’s transformative quality to use domestic labor as a form of world-making. At odds with the way the domestic realm is presented by the women’s movement as what keeps women captive in a never-ending cycle of repetitive, meaningless work, the essay argues that Robertson records her domestic labor as not just a means to an end but an aesthetic object in itself.
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Lu, S. F. D., and J. L. Lu. "Perceived job stress of women workers in diverse manufacturing industries." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73374-0.
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ObjectiveThis was An investigation of the impact of organizational factors on perceived job stress among women workers in the IT-dominated garment and electronics industries in the Philippines was undertaken.AimTo target risk factors affecting women workers.MethodsThe sample included 23 establishments with 630 women respondents. Questionnaires, walk-through surveys of the industries, and interviews were done. The workplace factors included the content of the job, the nature of tasks, job autonomy, hazard exposure, and management and supervisory styles.ResultsChi-square analysis showed that there were interactions among the organizational factors (P = 0.05 and 0.10). These factors included the need for better quality and new products; tasks requiring intense concentration; exposure to radiation, chemical, noise, and vapor hazards; standing for prolonged periods of time; and highly monitored, repetitious work. Workers experienced job stress (P = .05) when they were subjected to low job autonomy, poor work quality, close monitoring, and hazardous work pressure.ConclusionThis study has shown that there exists an intricate relationship between work hazards, organizational factors, gender, health and technology. Organizational factors that have been identified to contribute to adverse health effects among women workers were the physical work environment, nature of the task, lack of job autonomy, and difficult relationships with supervisors and management.
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Zeng, Yiliang, Lihao Zhang, Jiahong Zhao, Jinhui Lan, and Biao Li. "JRL-YOLO: A Novel Jump-Join Repetitious Learning Structure for Real-Time Dangerous Object Detection." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (April 1, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5536152.
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Campus security incidents occur from time to time, which seriously affect the public security. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought technical support for campus intelligent security. In order to quickly recognize and locate dangerous targets on campus, an improved YOLOv3-Tiny model is proposed for dangerous target detection. Since the biggest advantage of this model is that it can achieve higher precision with very fewer parameters than YOLOv3-Tiny, it is one of the Tinier-YOLO models. In this paper, the dangerous targets include dangerous objects and dangerous actions. The main contributions of this work include the following: firstly, the detection of dangerous objects and dangerous actions is integrated into one model, and the model can achieve higher accuracy with fewer parameters. Secondly, to solve the problem of insufficient YOLOv3-Tiny target detection, a jump-join repetitious learning (JRL) structure is proposed, combined with the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP), which serves as the new backbone network of YOLOv3-Tiny and can accelerate the speed of feature extraction while integrating features of different scales. Finally, the soft-NMS and DIoU-NMS algorithm are combined to effectively reduce the missing detection when two targets are too close. Experimental tests on self-made datasets of dangerous targets show that the average MAP value of the JRL-YOLO algorithm is 85.03%, which increases by 3.22 percent compared with YOLOv3-Tiny. On the VOC2007 dataset, the proposed method has a 9.29 percent increase in detection accuracy compared to that using YOLOv3-Tiny and a 2.38 percent increase compared to that employing YOLOv4-Tiny, respectively. These results all evidence the great improvement in detection accuracy brought by the proposed method. Moreover, when testing the dataset of dangerous targets, the model size of JRL-YOLO is 5.84 M, which is about one-fifth of the size of YOLOv3-Tiny (33.1 M) and one-third of the size of YOLOv4-Tiny (22.4 M), separately.
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Heiskanen, Noora, Maarit Alasuutari, and Tanja Vehkakoski. "Recording Support Measures in the Sequential Pedagogical Documents of Children With Special Education Needs." Journal of Early Intervention 41, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053815119854997.
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This study investigates the descriptions of support measures in the sequential pedagogical documents (individual education plans or programs and others) of children with special education needs from early childhood education and care to preprimary education. According to the previous research, the role of pedagogical work is largely disregarded in these documents, which typically focus on describing children’s challenges instead of support measures. In this study, the sequential pedagogical documents ( N = 257) of 64 Finnish children were studied for approximately 3 to 6 years, and the data were analyzed by investigating the textual and content-related coherence, as well as the linguistic precision, of the descriptions of support. Consequently, four chronological patterns of describing and developing the support measures—missing, repetitious, disorganized, and explicit—were introduced, and the study results emphasize the importance of the specificity and continuity of documentation.
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TUNC, TANFER EMIN. "MIDWIFERY AND WOMEN'S WORK IN THE EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC: A RECONSIDERATION OF LAUREL THATCHER ULRICH'S A MIDWIFE'S TALE." Historical Journal 53, no. 2 (April 27, 2010): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x10000105.
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ABSTRACTTwenty years after its initial publication, Laurel Thatcher Ulrich's Pulitzer Prize winning monograph A midwife's tale: the life of Martha Ballard based on her diary, 1785–1812 (1990) still serves as a major benchmark in women's labour/economic history mainly because it provides scholars with a window into the life of a turn-of-the-nineteenth-century lay American rural healer not through the comments of an outsider, but through the words of the healer herself. While, on the surface, Ballard's encoded, repetitive, and quotidian diary may seem trivial and irrelevant to historians, as Ulrich notes, ‘it is in the very dailiness, the exhaustive, repetitious dailiness, that the real power of Martha Ballard's book lies … For her, living was to be measured in doing’ (p. 9). By piecing together ‘ordinary’ primary source material to form a meaningful, extraordinary socio-cultural narrative, Ulrich elucidates how American midwives, such as Martha Ballard, functioned within the interstices of the private and public spheres. A midwife's tale is thus not only methodologically significant, but also theoretically important: by illustrating the economic contributions that midwives made to their households and local communities, and positioning the organizational skill of multitasking as a source of female empowerment, it revises our understanding of prescribed gender roles during the early American Republic (1783–1848). Even though A midwife's tale is clearly limited in terms of time (turn-of-the-nineteenth century) and place (rural Maine), it deserves the renewed attention of historians – especially those interested in gender relations and wage-earning, the economic value of domestic labour, and women's work before industrialization.
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Rose, Jennifer. "The Mortal Coil of Covid-19, Fake News, and Negative Epistemic Postdigital Inculcation." Postdigital Science and Education 2, no. 3 (October 2020): 812–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00192-7.
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Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has engendered turmoil around our globe, rendering an urgent need for accurate, truthful information as a life-saving resource for humanity. However, coinciding with this global, deadly pandemic is the proliferation of fake news. While pandemics and fake news are not new phenomena, an unprecedented time in history is presently unfolding when considered with the postdigital era. Digital media enables the prolific repetitious spread of fake news during crises when accurate and truthful information is necessary. Consequently, the ability of humans to discern between fact and fiction diminishes. It has resulted in some people making life-ending decisions based on their exposure to fake news. In this article, I define a primarily ignored and invisible epistemological process at work: negative epistemic postdigital inculcation, that, while has been at work with the rise of modern digital media, has primarily become visible because of the interrelationships between implicit learning, Covid-19, fake news, and digital media. While the inculcation outlined in this paper occurs mostly outside of our awareness, I discuss a role for education in helping reduce the ensuing mortal coil of fake news.
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Belau, Linda. "Impossible Origins: Trauma Narrative and Cinematic Adaptation." Arts 10, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10010015.
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In this essay, I explore the cinematic adaptation and the representation of trauma, while I further consider the role and significance of the notion of the origin in both trauma and in cinematic adaptation. Through an initial consideration of the relationship between the theory of the impossible origin, particularly as it is articulated by Walter Benjamin, the essay goes on to analyze the significance and role of an impossible origin in the elemental form of adaptation. To this end, the essay considers the movement of adaptation from an autobiographical trauma memoir to a feature film, considering the success or failure of adaptation in situations where the original literary work concerns an experience of extremity. As I consider the vicissitudes of trauma and its grounding in a repetitious structure that leaves the survivor suspended in a kind of missed experience (or missed origin), I further explore how this missing origin (or original text in the case of adaptation) can be represented at all.
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Roberts, John L. "Obsessional subjectivity in societies of discipline and control." Theory & Psychology 27, no. 5 (June 29, 2017): 622–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354317716308.
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Drawing on the work of the later Foucault, especially that concerning disciplinary power and bio-power, as well as Deleuze on the emergence of “societies of control,” this article traces the trajectory of obsessional subjectivity from its emergence as a firmly psychiatric category within a disciplinary matrix (i.e., monomania) toward its contemporary position within the bio-political sphere (i.e., obsessional neurosis and obsessive–compulsive disorder) in societies of control. It is argued—pursuant to Lacanian formulations—that obsessional neurosis simultaneously contributes to the efficacy of the workings of bio-power in imagining, vis-à-vis university discourse, a psychologized and psycho-biographical subject knowable and traceable, while also conferring an openness in being that would surmount the dysfunctionality inhering in repetitious thinking and doubt. The aim of this essay is to discern the structural dimensions of mechanisms of obsessional subjection as they implicate certain changing forms of power, and specifically that of our current predicament in the West, in a world where desire and the production of knowledge are governed through bio-power.
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Lowenstam, Steven. "Is Literary Criticism an Illegitimate Discipline? A Fallacious Argument in Plato's Ion." Ramus 22, no. 1 (1993): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00002526.
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The short Platonic dialogue, the Ion, has suffered a strange fate. Its authenticity has been doubted, and its content considered slight or repetitious. The greatest and most surprising setback the work has encountered is that critics have never even been able to agree on its subject. Therefore, an analysis of the dialogue requires that we first investigate whether the dialogue questions the knowledge of poets or critics, the two subjects proposed. Second, Socrates' argument denying an area of expertise to rhapsodes needs examination; and, finally, the implications of the Ion's argument, especially in regard to the connections between literary criticism and philosophy, deserve attention.The main argument of the Ion is anticipated by two questions posed at the beginning of the work. Socrates asks Ion whether he is as skilful (deinos) in discussing Hesiod and Archilochus as he claims to be in regard to Homer (531a1-2). When the rhapsode responds that his talent is limited to Homer, Socrates concludes that Ion's ability to speak about Homer is not based upon technical knowledge (tekhnē) or a scientific method (epistēmē) but upon divine inspiration. Shortly afterwards, Socrates asks whether Ion or a seer could better assess Homeric and Hesiodic passages about soothsaying (531b3-6). This question anticipates the argument in the last third of the dialogue where Socrates insists that Ion has no particular expertise in regard to the Homeric works and that in fact specialists in various technical fields are better qualified to judge Homeric passages. The question also prefigures the important role divination will play in the dialogue.
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Petten, Cyma Van, Marta Kutas, Robert Kluender, Mark Mitchiner, and Heather McIsaac. "Fractionating the Word Repetition Effect with Event-Related Potentials." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3, no. 2 (April 1991): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1991.3.2.131.
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Word repetition has been a staple paradigm for both psycholinguistic and memory research; several possible loci for changes in behavioral performance have been proposed. These proposals are discussed in light of the event-related brain potential (ERP) data reported here. ERPs were recorded as subjects read nonfiction articles drawn from a popular magazine. The effects of word repetition were examined in this relatively natural context wherein words were repeated as a consequence of normal discourse structure. Three distinct components of the ERP were found to be sensitive to repetition: a positive component peaking at 200 msec poststimulus, a negative one at 400 msec (N400), and a later positivity. The components were differentially sensitive to the temporal lag between repetitions, the number of repetitions, and the normative frequency of the eliciting word. The N400 responded similarly to repetition in text as it has in experimental lists of words, but the late positivity showed a different pattern of results than in list studies.
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Rugg, Michael D. "Dissociation of Semantic Priming, Word and Non-Word Repetition Effects by Event-Related Potentials." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 39, no. 1 (February 1987): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724988743000060.
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Two experiments investigated the modulation of event-related potentials (ERPs) by semantic priming and item repetition. In Experiment 1, subjects silently counted occasional non-words against a background of words, a proportion of which were either semantic associates or repetitions of a preceding word. Compared to control items, ERPs to repeated words were distinguished by an early (ca. 200 msec) transient negative-going deflection and a later, topographically widespread and temporally sustained positive-going shift. In contrast, semantically primed words showed a relatively small, topographically and temporally limited positive-going modulation peaking around 500 msec. These data were interpreted as evidence against models of priming and repetition which postulate similar loci for these effects. In Experiment 2, subjects counted occasional words against a background of non-words, some of which were repeated. ERPs to repetitions showed a similar early ERP modulation to that in Experiment 1, and also displayed a later slow positive shift. This latter effect was smaller in magnitude and had a delayed onset in comparison to Experiment 1. It was concluded that the effects of repetition differ as a consequence of whether, prior to their first presentation, items possess a representation in lexical memory.
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Morris, Patrick. "Steve Reich and Debussy: Some Connexions." Tempo, no. 160 (March 1986): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200023019.
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Debussy's Works offer numerous examples of what, with historical hindsight, could be called systemic thinking. Texture is built up from repetitions of various elements—melodic scraps, trills, runs, figures—in such a way that the traditional view of Debussy as a primarily harmonic composer has to be temporarily abandoned. The combinations that these repetitions produce have a connexion with the innovative harmonic practices for which Debussy is famous; but this should not blind us to the fact that the underlying thought is often, in the good sense of the word, repetitious—see Examples 1 and 2, for instance.
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Mitura, Magdalena. "Powtórzenie w oryginale, powtórzenie w przekładzie." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 1 (51) (March 15, 2021): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.51.05.
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Repetition in Original Work, Repetition in Translation: Remarks onthe Phenomenon of Repetition on the Example of Dukla by Andrzej Stasiuk and Its French Translation
The objective of the present article is to analyze the translational solutions applied to repetitions in the French translation of the Dukla novel by Andrzej Stasiuk. Based on the classification elaborated by Adam Dobaczewski (2018), we diversified two groups in the selected Polish materials: intra-sentence repetitions and inter-sentence repetitions. The intra-sentence repetitions were then divided into two subgroups. The first one included systemic repetitions, i.e. those that were the predetermined code units of the respective language. The other subgroup included supra-language operations, which were the result of text-creative mechanisms that were independent from the specific language system. The results of our analysis undermine the existing belief that supra-langue repetitions are easily translatable. Even when these elements are not subject to potential blocking by limitations of grammar, their translation – or more frequently – disappearance, depend on stylistic considerations and/or arbitrary decisions madeby the translator.
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Schimanke, Florian, Robert Mertens, and Oliver Vornberger. "Spaced repetition learning games on mobile devices." Interactive Technology and Smart Education 11, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itse-07-2014-0017.
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Purpose – The purposes of this paper are to implement a spaced repetition algorithm into a learning game, analyze the pros and cons of this implementation and make different considerations about designing the game to make the algorithm work in an optimal way. While games offer a promising way of engaging and motivating learners to deal with a certain topic, repetitions foster immersing this topic sustainably. Those repetitions should be done at sophistically determined intervals to maximize learning outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – The work is implemented as two prototype learning games which use the SM2 algorithm for content selection and repetition scheduling. Based on our findings about user behavior, this study developed an auxiliary algorithm to aid SM2 in the special setting of a learning game. To design the game in a way which supports the spaced repetition approach, this study have analyzed best-practices in this domain and made some considerations for adapting them accordingly. Findings – An auxiliary algorithm is needed to support the usage of common spaced repetition algorithms in mobile learning games. Best-practices in designing those games need to be to suit the spaced repetitions approach. Practical implications – This paper shows the benefits of combining learning games with the spaced repetition approach and points out specifics in designing spaced repetition based mobile learning games. Originality/value – While spaced repetitions are already commonly used with other types of learning, it has yet to be implemented in learning games. This study’s approach shows ways to do this and which considerations have to be made.
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Zebrowski, Patricia M. "Duration of the Speech Disfluencies of Beginning Stutterers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 3 (June 1991): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3403.183.
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This study compared the duration of within-word disfluencies and the number of repeated units per instance of sound/syllable and whole-word repetitions of beginning stutterers to those produced by age- and sex-matched nonstuttering children. Subjects were 10 stuttering children [9 males and 1 female; mean age 4:1 (years:months); age range 3:2–5:0], and 10 nonstuttering children (9 males and 1 female; mean age 4:0; age range: 2:10–5:1). Mothers of the stuttering children reported that their children had been stuttering for 1 year or less. One 300-word conversational speech sample from each of the stuttering and nonstuttering children was analyzed for (a) mean duration of sound/syllable repetition and sound prolongation, (b) mean number of repeated units per instance of sound/syllable and whole-word repetition, and (c) various related measures of the frequency of all between- and within-word speech disfluencies. There were no significant between-group differences for either the duration of acoustically measured sound/syllable repetitions and sound prolongations or the number of repeated units per instance of sound/syllable and whole-word repetition. Unlike frequency and type of speech disfluency produced, average duration of within-word disfluencies and number of repeated units per repetition do not differentiate the disfluent speech of beginning stutterers and their nonstuttering peers. Additional analyses support findings from previous perceptual work that type and frequency of speech disfluency, not duration, are the principal characteristics listeners use in distinguishing these two talker groups.
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Chai, Herzl. "On the Crush Worthiness of a Laterally Confined Bar Under Axial Compression." Journal of Applied Mechanics 73, no. 5 (March 15, 2005): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2047595.
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A combined experimental∕analytical work is carried out to elucidate the energy absorption potential of laterally confined bars under monotonically increasing edge displacement. The thickness t and length L of the bar, as well as the wall-to-wall separation distance, h, are systematically varied. Real-time observations show that the deformation of the bar is characterized by progressive buckling and folding, with the fully compacted material exhibiting repetitious cell unit whose wavelength approximately equals four times the bar thickness. The specific crush energy is little sensitive to the thickness of the bar but strongly varies with t∕h, the “volume fraction” of the structure, attaining a maximum when t∕h≈0.5. The main sources for energy dissipation are simple compression, plate folding and friction between the bar and the constraining walls, the latter of which dominates for L∕t>10. The experimental data are found to be well predicted by simple analytic expressions derived from limit plasticity analysis and incompressible material behavior. The simple configuration studied may shed light on the behavior of more complex structures such as honeycombs, foams, and thin-walled tubes, and may serve as a basis for multi-layer design possessing improved crush energy.
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Gelley, Ora. "Europa 51: The Face of the Star in Neorealisms Urban Landscape." Film Studies 5, no. 1 (2004): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.5.4.
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Although Europa 51 (1952) was the most commercially successful of the films Roberto Rossellini made with the Hollywood star, Ingrid Bergman, the reception by the Italian press was largely negative. Many critics focussed on what they saw to be the ‘unreal’ or abstract quality of the films portrayal of the postwar urban milieu and on the Bergman character‘s isolation from the social world. This article looks at how certain structures of seeing that are associated in the classical style with the woman as star or spectacle - e.g., the repetitious return to her fixed image, the resistance to pulling back from the figure of the woman in order to situate her within a determinate location and set of relationships between characters and objects - are no longer restricted to her image but in fact bleed into or “contaminate” the depiction of the world she inhabits. In other words, whereas the compulsive return to the fixed image of the woman tends to be contained or neutralised by the narrative economy and editing patterns (ordered by sexual difference) of the classical style, in Rossellini‘s work this ‘insistent’ even aberrant framing in relation to the woman becomes a part of the (female) characters and the cameras vision of the ‘pathology’ of the urban landscape in the aftermath of the war.
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Kiaunytė, Asta. "Supervizija socialinio darbo studijose kaip profesinė repeticija." Social Work: Experience and Methods 22, no. 2 (2018): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2029-5820.22.2.4.
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Conger, Scott A., Alexander H. K. Montoye, Olivia Anderson, Danielle E. Boss, and Jeremy A. Steeves. "Validity of a Wrist-Worn Activity Monitor During Resistance Training Exercises at Different Movement Speeds." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0025.
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Speed of movement has been shown to affect the validity of physical activity (PA) monitors during locomotion. Speed of movement may also affect the validity of accelerometer-based PA monitors during other types of exercise. Purpose: To assess the ability of the Atlas Wearables Wristband2 (a PA monitor developed specifically for resistance training [RT] exercise) to identify the individual RT exercise type and count repetitions during RT exercises at various movement speeds. Methods: 50 male and female participants completed seven sets of 10 repetitions for five different upper/lower body RT exercises while wearing a Wristband2 on the left wrist. The speed of each set was completed at different metronome-paced speeds ranging from a slow speed of 4 sec·rep−1 to a fast speed of 1 sec·rep−1. Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used to compare the actual exercise type/number of repetitions among the seven different speeds. Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and bias were calculated for repetition counting. Results: For each exercise, there tended to be significant differences between the slower speeds and the fastest speed for activity type identification and repetition counting (p < .05). Across all exercises, the highest accuracy for activity type identification (91 ± 1.8% correct overall), repetition counting (8.77 ± 0.17 of 10 reps overall) and the lowest MAPE (14 ± 1.7% overall) and bias (−1.23 ± 0.17 reps overall) occurred during the 1.5 sec·rep−1 speed (the second fastest speed tested). Conclusions: The validity of the Atlas Wearables Wristband2 to identify exercise type and count repetitions varied based on the speed of movement during RT exercises.
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Ambrose, Nicoline Grinager, and Ehud Yairi. "The Role of Repetition Units in the Differential Diagnosis of Early Childhood Incipient Stuttering." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 4, no. 3 (August 1995): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0403.82.
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The role of the number of repetition units as a differentiating factor in the identification of very early stuttering in young children is explored. Speech samples of 1,000 syllables each from 29 experimental and 29 control subjects were analyzed for presence and extent of part-word and single syllable word repetitions. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found for the mean number of units per instance of repetition, the percentages of single- and multiple-unit repetitions, and the frequency of occurrence of instances containing multiple repetition units. The extent of overlap between groups varied among the three measures. Specific suggestions concerning applications of the findings to clinical purposes are made.
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Moir, Gavin L., Bruce W. Graham, Shala E. Davis, John J. Guers, and Chad A. Witmer. "An Efficient Method of Key-Frame Extraction Based on a Cluster Algorithm." Journal of Human Kinetics 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0064.
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Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different configurations of repetitions within a set of deadlifts on the mechanical variables of concentric force, concentric time under tension, impulse, work, power, and fatigue. Eleven resistance trained men (age: 21.9 ± 1.0 years; deadlift 1 repetition maximum: 183.2 ± 38.3 kg) performed four repetitions of the deadlift exercise with a load equivalent to 90% of 1 repetition maximum under three different set configurations: Traditional (continuous repetitions); Doubles cluster (repetitions 1 and 2, and 3 and 4 performed continuously with a 30 s rest inserted between repetitions 2 and 3); Singles cluster (30 s rest provided between repetitions). The order of the sessions was counterbalanced across the subjects and the mechanical variables were calculated during each repetition from the synchronized signals recorded from force platforms and a motion analysis system. Relative to the Traditional set, the insertion of rest periods in the cluster set configurations resulted in greater time under tension (p < 0.001) and therefore, greater impulse (p < 0.001) during the repetitions. Reductions in power were observed during the cluster sets compared to the Traditional set (p = 0.001). The Doubles cluster set resulted in greater fatigue scores for power compared to the Traditional set (p = 0.04). The influence of cluster sets on mechanical variables appears to be mediated by the mechanical characteristics of the exercise (i.e. stretch-shortening cycle) and the competing physiological mechanisms of fatigue and potentiation.
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Simpson, Lisa A., Amanda Mow, Carlo Menon, and Janice J. Eng. "Preliminary Examination of the Ability of a New Wearable Device to Capture Functional Hand Activity After Stroke." Stroke 50, no. 12 (December 2019): 3643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.119.026921.
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Background and Purpose— A reliable measure of movement repetitions is required to assist in determining the optimal dose for maximizing upper limb recovery after stroke. This study investigated the ability of a new wearable device to capture reach-to-grasp repetitions in individuals with stroke. Methods— Eight individuals with stroke wore an instrumented wrist bracelet while completing 12 upper limb activities. Participants completed 5 and 10 repetitions of each activity on 2 separate sessions (time 1 and time 2) and completed clinical assessments (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment and Action Research Arm Test). Mean reach-to-grasp counts (ie, hand counts) were compared across activities. Scaling properties were assessed by the ratio of 10 repetitions to 5 repetitions for the activities (ie, expected value of 2). Bland-Altman diagrams were used to examine agreement between time 1 and time 2 counts. Results— The wrist bracelet averaged 0 to 0.6 hand counts per repetition for the arm-only and hand-only activities and averaged 1 to 2 counts per repetition of the reach-to-grasp activities. The mean ratio of 10 repetition to 5 repetition counts was ≈2 for all of the reach-to-grasp activities. Mean differences from time 1 to time 2 were <0.3 counts/repetition for all activities except one. Conclusions— These preliminary results provide evidence that the wrist bracelet is able to capture hand counts over a variety of tasks in a consistent manner. This wrist bracelet could be further developed as a tool to record dose of upper limb practice for research or clinical practice, as well as providing motivation and accountability to patients participating in treatments requiring upper limb movement repetitions. Currently, there are limitations in interpreting the impact of impairment and common compensatory movements on hand counts, and it would be valuable for future studies to explore these effects.
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Ciccone, Anthony B., Jake A. Deckert, Trent J. Herda, Philip M. Gallagher, and Joseph P. Weir. "Methodological Differences in the Interpretation of Fatigue Data from Repeated Maximal Effort Knee Extensions." Open Sports Sciences Journal 10, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x01710010037.
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Background: Isokinetic fatigue protocols are commonly used in both research as well as in kinesiology education. However, fatigue quantification methods vary between studies. Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how fatigue quantification methods affect data interpretation and which methods may be most appropriate. Method: In this study, we quantified fatigue from a repeated maximal effort isokinetic knee extension test using different methods, as seen in published research. Nine healthy males and nine healthy females performed 50 concentric knee extensions at 180°•s-1. For each repetition, torque was quantified as either peak torque (PT), torque at the mid-point of the range of motion, and torque integrated over the full, middle 30° range of motion, and isokinetic range of motion. Fatigue Index was quantified using either the first and last three or five repetitions or the peak and last three or five repetitions. Torque slopes were quantified using all repetitions or repetitions that occurred at and beyond the repetition at which the greatest torque value occurred. Results: There was a significant inverse relationship between angle at PT and repetition number. Measures of fatigue were overestimated when torque integral over the isokinetic range of motion was utilized. When the first three or first five repetitions were utilized for Fatigue Index calculations, fatigue was underestimated. Conclusion: Results suggest that torque integral over the full range of motion is likely the best representation of strength or work. Also, researchers should omit the first few repetitions from their quantification of Fatigue Index or torque slope.
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Holcomb, Phillip J., and Jonathan Grainger. "On the Time Course of Visual Word Recognition: An Event-related Potential Investigation using Masked Repetition Priming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 10 (October 2006): 1631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.10.1631.
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The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of visual word recognition using a masked repetition priming paradigm. Participants monitored target words for occasional animal names, and ERPs were recorded to nonanimal critical items that were full repetitions, partial repetitions, or unrelated to the immediately preceding masked prime word. The results showed a strong modulation of the N400 and three earlier ERP components (P150, N250, and the P325) that we propose reflect sequential overlapping steps in the processing of printed words.
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Rugg, Michael D., Michael C. Doyle, and Tony Wells. "Word and Nonword Repetition Within- and Across-Modality: An Event-Related Potential Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, no. 2 (April 1995): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.209.
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The effects on event-related potentials (ERPs) of within- and across-modality repetition of words and nonwords were investigated. In Experiment 1, subjects detected occasional animal names embedded in a series of words. AU items were equally likely to be presented auditorily or visually. Some words were repetitions, either within- or across-modality, of words presented six items previously. Visual-visual repetition evoked a sustained positive shift, which onset around 250 msec and comprised two topographically and temporally distinct components. Auditory-visual repetition modulated only the later of these two components. For auditory EMS, within- and across-modality repetition evoked effects with similar onset latencies. The within-modality effect was initially the larger, but only at posterior sites. In Experiment 2, critical items were auditory and visual nonwords, and target items were auditory words and visual pseudohomophones. Visual-visual nonword repetition effects onset around 450 msec, and demonstrated a more anterior scalp distribution than those evoked by auditory-visual repetition. Visual-auditory repetition evoked only a small, late-onsetting effect, whereas auditory-auditory repetition evoked an effect that, at parietal sites only, was almost equivalent to that from the analogous condition of Experiment 1. These findings indicate that, as indexed by ERF's, repetition effects both within- and across-modality are influenced by lexical status. Possible parallels with the effects of word and nonword repetition on behavioral variables are discussed.
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Cheng, Le. "Gauging court adjudication: Qualification and quantification." International Journal of Legal Discourse 4, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2019-2019.
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AbstractIn common law jurisdictions, the notion of proof beyond a reasonable doubt is frequently related to notions such as the belief or certainty of a judge or a juror about reality. The notion of balance of probabilities is however related to likelihood or probability. In the present study, we link belief and proof by introducing the notion of epistemic modality, which is concerned with the speaker’s belief in propositional probability. The variation in the orientation of epistemic modality helps to integrate the two levels of proof and bridge the apparent test gap between them. The notion of relevance is further introduced in order to clarify the nature of legal proof by taking rape cases as example. This study also provides an integrated model to improve but diversify the expressions in terms of the burden of proof. For most courts, court judgments are processed only according to the general case data, procedural context; such kinds of fact-based information processing and information retrieval seldom help the court to make its decision unless with tremendous and repetitious work. For the consistency and efficiency of court adjudication, it is suggested in the present study that a Knowledge Management (KM) model mainly based on elements and factors which decide or affect the criminal liability. Such a KM model provides an overall framework, though non-exhaustive, and therefore makes court adjudication within narrow discretion and achieves the maximum justice.
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Oliver, Michele Lea, Greg Warren Northey, Taylor Andrew Murphy, Alexander MacLean, and James Richard Sexsmith. "Joystick stiffness, movement speed and direction effects on upper limb muscular loading." Occupational Ergonomics 10, no. 4 (September 26, 2012): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2012-0201.
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The manipulation of joysticks to control heavy machinery requires repetitive wrist and upper limb movements which can increase operator susceptibility to repetitive strain injuries. The purpose of this study was to analyse muscle activation using surface electromyography (EMG) on eight muscles of the upper limb during joystick manipulation. Experiments (n=8 subjects) involved a series of 4 motion types (forward, backwards, inwards, outwards) at 2 speeds (fast, slow) using 3 identical joysticks with different stiffnesses (light, regular, heavy). Results showed that all experimental conditions required at least a constant low level (between 2–5% Task Maximal Voluntary Contraction) activation for all muscles. The joystick utilized in this study maintains the wrist in a more neutral posture, however, Integrated EMG (iEMG) and peakEMG results suggest that the muscle strain is transferred from the wrist to the shoulder. EMG results also suggest that shoulder strain is further exacerbated by the armrest as it forces the operator to elevate the shoulder while pulling the controller backwards and inadequately supporting the forearm while moving it in the forward direction. Muscles involved as prime movers had higher activation levels when joystick stiffness was increased, however, muscles that provided directional, positional or postural support to the prime movers were relatively unaffected by joystick stiffness. Muscle activation was increased for all muscles when the joystick was moved quickly. This finding may be important for work environments using joysticks which require increased precision and fine movements coupled with short, highly repetitious cycle times.
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Howell, Peter, Stevie Sackin, and Kazan Glenn. "Development of a Two-Stage Procedure for the Automatic Recognition of Dysfluencies in the Speech of Children Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 5 (October 1997): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4005.1073.
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This program of work is intended to develop automatic recognition procedures to locate and assess stuttered dysfluencies. This and the following article together, develop and test recognizers for repetitions and prolongations. The automatic recognizers classify the speech in two stages: In the first, the speech is segmented, and, in the second, the segments are categorized. The units that are segmented are words. Here assessments by human judges on the speech of 12 children who stutter are described using a corresponding procedure. The accuracy of word boundary placement across judges, categorization of the words as fluent, repetition or prolongation, and duration of the different fluency categories are reported. These measures allow reliable instances of repetitions and prolongations to be selected for training and assessing the recognizers in the subsequent paper.
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Moir, Gavin L., Kyle F. Erny, Shala E. Davis, John J. Guers, and Chad A. Witmer. "The Development of a Repetition-Load Scheme for the Eccentric- Only Bench Press Exercise." Journal of Human Kinetics 38 (September 1, 2013): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0042.
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Abstract The purpose of the present study was to develop a repetition-load scheme for the eccentric-only bench press exercise. Nine resistance trained men (age: 21.6 ± 1.0 years; 1-repetition maximum [RM] bench press: 137.7 ± 30.4 kg) attended four testing sessions during a four week period. During the first session each subject’s 1-RM bench press load utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle was determined. During the remaining sessions they performed eccentric-only repetitions to failure using supra-maximal loads equivalent to 110%, 120% and 130% of their 1-RM value with a constant cadence (30 reps·min-1). Force plates and a three dimensional motion analysis system were used during these final three sessions in order to evaluate kinematic and kinetic variables. More repetitions were completed during the 110% 1-RM condition compared to the 130% 1-RM condition (p=0.01). Mean total work (p=0.046) as well as vertical force (p=0.049), vertical work (p=0.017), and vertical power output (p=0.05) were significantly greater during the 130% 1-RM condition compared to the 110% 1-RM condition. A linear function was fitted to the number of repetitions completed under each load condition that allowed the determination of the maximum number of repetitions that could be completed under other supra-maximal loads. This linear function predicted an eccentric-only 1-RM in the bench press with a load equivalent to 164.8% 1-RM, producing a load of 227.0 ± 50.0 kg. The repetition-load scheme presented here should provide a starting point for researchers to investigate the kinematic, kinetic and metabolic responses to eccentric-only bench press workouts.
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Steeves, Jeremy A., Scott A. Conger, Joe R. Mitrzyk, Trevor A. Perry, Elise Flanagan, Alecia K. Fox, Trystan Weisinger, and Alexander H. K. Montoye. "Using the Wrist-Worn Atlas Wristband2 Monitor to Objectively Measure Resistance Training Exercises." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0012.
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Background: Devices for monitoring physical activity have focused mainly on measuring aerobic activity; however, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans also recommend muscle-resistance training two or more days per week. Recently, a wrist-worn activity monitor, the Atlas Wristband2, was developed to recognize resistance training exercises. Purpose: To assess the ability of the Wristband2 to identify the type and number of repetitions of resistance training exercises, when worn on the left wrist as directed by the manufacturer, and when worn on the right wrist. Methods: While wearing monitors on both wrists, 159 participants completed a circuit-style workout consisting of two sets of 12 repetitions of 14 different resistance training exercises. Data from the monitors were used to determine classification accuracies for identifying exercise type verses direct observation. The average repetitions and mean absolute error (MAE) for repetitions were calculated for each exercise. Results: The Wristband2 classification accuracy for exercise type was 78.4 ± 2.5%, ranging from 54.7 ± 3.4% (dumbbell [DB] bench press) to 97.5 ± 1.0% (DB biceps curls), when worn on the left wrist. An average of 11.0 ± 0.2 repetitions, ranging from 9.0 ± 0.3 repetitions (DB lunges) to 11.9 ± 0.1 repetitions (push-ups), were identified. For all exercises, MAE ranged from 0.0–4.6 repetitions. When worn on the right wrist, exercise type classification accuracy dropped to 24.2 ± 5.1%, and repetitions decreased to 8.1 ± 0.8 out of 12. Conclusions: The Wristband2, worn on the left wrist, had acceptable exercise classification and repetition counting capabilities for many of the 14 exercises used in this study, and may be a useful tool to objectively track resistance training.
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Kumashiro, Kevin. "Against Repetition: Addressing Resistance to Anti-Oppressive Change in the Practices of Learning, Teaching, Supervising, and Researching." Harvard Educational Review 72, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.72.1.c11617526l7k46v6.
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In this article, Kevin K. Kumashiro draws on his experience as a teacher, teacher educator,and education researcher to analyze how anti-oppressive educators may operate in ways that challenge some forms of oppression yet unintentionally comply with others. Drawing on Butler's work, which views oppression in society as being characterized by harmful repetitions of certain privileged knowledge and practices, the author examines how theories of anti-oppressive education can help educators learn,teach, and supervise student teachers, and conduct educational research in ways that work against such harmful repetitions. Kumashiro describes incidents in which his students sought knowledge that confirmed what they already knew, and when he as the teacher unintentionally missed opportunities to resist this repetition and guide his students through an emotional crisis. Using the framework of repetition,Kumashiro challenges anti-oppressive activists and educators to disrupt some of their own unconscious commonsense discourses that serve as barriers to social change.
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Pons, L., M. Bielecki, B. Le Chevalier, Ch Schupp, and F. Morin. "Responses of Parkinsonian Patients to a Successive Free Word-Association Test." Psychological Reports 58, no. 1 (February 1986): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.1.67.
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28 Parkinsonian patients matched with 28 normal controls took a free word-association test. Three variables were measured: the commonness of the responses, their latencies, and their repetitions. Comparison of the two samples showed the same magnitudes of intercorrelations among these variables. But, if commonness and latency remained the same, repetition increased significantly for patients. These data were discussed in relation to results on the absence of cognitive slowing.
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Zulfadhli, Muhammad. "Makna Idiomatik Repetisi pada Kumpulan Puisi Perempuan Wali Kota Karya Suryatati A Manan." GERAM 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2017.vol5(1).405.
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The study starts from the particularities owned the collection of poems Perempuan Wali Kota Suryatati A Manan. The specificity contained in the repetition of words in poetry. The repetition of a word or phrase in the poem expressed as reps. Repetition in a poem creates the aesthetic value of the poem. It is contained in a collection of poems Perempuan Wali Kota Suryatati A Manan. Through this study, the author examines the message delivered in a collection of poetry Women authors mayor expressed through repetition idiomatic meaning. Therefore, the assessment focused on the meaning of idiomatic repetition contained in a collection of poems Perempuan Wali Kota Suryatati A Manan. This is formulated problem is how the idiomatic meaning reps on a collection of poems Perempuan Wali Kota Suryatati A Manan. The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the meaning of idiomatic repetitions on a collection of poems Perempuan Wali KotaSuryatati A Manan. This research data is a letter, word, or phrase containing repetition. Source of research data derived from a collection of poems Perempuan Wali Kota Suryatati A Manan. The data collection was done by using the documentation. Data analysis was performed using the idiomatic meaning of the word at the role of repetition in the collection of poems Perempuan Wali Kota Suryatati A Manan works in construction. The results showed no repetition idiomatic meaning that the writer used to convey a message to the reader.
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Cherkashina, Tatiana T., and Natalia S. Novikova. "Semantic scripts of language and culture: “Sacred signs” by N. Roerich and the issue of sense increasing." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 59 (2021): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-59-109-125.
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The article considers repetition as a stylistic category focusing on the flexible use of repetitions by N. Roerich. The authors note that, arising as repetitions of the semes when using words from the same semantic field in the text, the repetitions form the core and peripheral parts, which casts doubt on the established hypothesis that they naturally complicate understanding of the text due to slowing down the movement of narrative. The study proves that, on the contrary, repetitions due to increased expressiveness and rhythmic tension make the text dynamic, somewhat impulsive, convexly expressing “counterpoint” style of the writer. The authors analyzed a number of works by N. Roerich, which allowed to conclude that repetitions, representing a conscious lexico-stylistic choice of a writer, become not only author’s means of transmitting informational content of a text, but also emotionally expressive, semantic clips of language and culture due to the aesthetic effect they produce. The paper displays various types of repetitions used by N. Roerich in genres of different styles and stylistically versatile. Paying attention to speech figures recognized by traditional rhetoric, in which repetitions are positionally fixed, we detected in N. Roerich`s works the other, not always positionally fixed repetitions — repetitions of words, repetitions of themes and repetitions of the semes. In this regard, the researchers attempt to explain the linguoculturological idea, philosophical reason for the occurrence of repetitions of this and that in the text in N. Roerich's works. The paper points out that special energy of the text that arises during repetition, bilateral tension-pressure of repeated text elements generates special attention to their semantic roll-over and, what is important, to the distant, semantic interdiscursive interaction of the “sacred” signs-symbols of N. Roerich. The fact of the increment of meaning due to the use of words from one thematic-situational group in the text refutes the controversy of Roerich's concept and confirms originality of the expression plan. The “sacred” signs of N. Roerich as semantic bonds are determined by a deep philosophical meaning due to the methods of contrast and numerous repetitions.
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Margulis, Elizabeth Hellmuth. "Musical Repetition Detection Across Multiple Exposures." Music Perception 29, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2012.29.4.377.
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although music's repetitiveness has been a perennial topic of theoretical and philosophical interest, we know surprisingly little about the psychological processes underlying it. As one step in the larger enterprise of examining the psychology of musical repetition, a preliminary question addresses repetition detection: Which repetitions are listeners able to identify as such, and how does this ability change across repeated exposures of the same work? In this study, participants with minimal formal training heard short excerpts and were instructed to press a button whenever they heard something from earlier in the piece repeat. Additional exposures facilitated repetition detection for long units, but impaired repetition detection for short ones, exposing an attentional shift toward larger temporal spans across multiple hearings.
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Graves, William W., Thomas J. Grabowski, Sonya Mehta, and Prahlad Gupta. "The Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Participates Specifically in Accessing Lexical Phonology." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 9 (September 2008): 1698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20113.
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Impairments in phonological processing have been associated with damage to the region of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), but the extent to which this area supports phonological processing, independent of semantic processing, is less clear. We used repetition priming and neural repetition suppression during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an auditory pseudoword repetition task as a semantics-free model of lexical (whole-word) phonological access. Across six repetitions, we observed repetition priming in terms of decreased reaction time and repetition suppression in terms of reduced neural activity. An additional analysis aimed at sublexical phonology did not show significant effects in the areas where repetition suppression was observed. To test if these areas were relevant to real word production, we performed a conjunction analysis with data from a separate fMRI experiment which manipulated word frequency (a putative index of lexical phonological access) in picture naming. The left pSTG demonstrated significant effects independently in both experiments, suggesting that this area participates specifically in accessing lexical phonology.
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Strong, Benjamin. "A PAIN IN THE NECK: Memory, Sores, and Setting in Samuel Beckett." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 7, no. 1 (December 8, 1998): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-90000102.
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The overlooked pervasiveness of chronie sores on the bodies of Beckett's characters offers new explanations for both the disappearance of a realistic setting – one located in a specific place and time – in his first "mature" works (Watt through the 'Trilogy' and early plays) and his use of repetition. Using statements about memory in Proust as evidence, this essay demonstrates that epidermal eruptions (like cysts), because their pains are repetitious, lead Beckett's characters to dull their sensory perceptions, resulting in a perception of a dulled world. Finally, these sores suggest an alternative understanding of repetition in Beckett's texts to that of postructuralist readings.
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Dinyer, Taylor K., M. Travis Byrd, Ashley N. Vesotsky, Pasquale J. Succi, and Haley C. Bergstrom. "Applying the Critical Power Model to a Full-Body Resistance-Training Movement." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 10 (November 1, 2019): 1364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0981.
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Purpose: To determine if the mathematical model used to derive critical power could be used to identify the critical resistance (CR) for the deadlift; compare predicted and actual repetitions to failure at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1-repetition maximum (1RM); and compare the CR with the estimated sustainable resistance for 30 repetitions (ESR30). Methods: Twelve subjects completed 1RM testing for the deadlift followed by 4 visits to determine the number of repetitions to failure at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1RM. The CR was calculated as the slope of the line of the total work completed (repetitions × weight [in kilograms] × distance [in meters]) vs the total distance (in meters) the barbell traveled. The actual and predicted repetitions to failure were determined from the CR model and compared using paired-samples t tests and simple linear regression. The ESR30 was determined from the power-curve analysis and compared with the CR using paired-samples t tests and simple linear regression. Results: The weight and repetitions completed at CR were 56 (11) kg and 49 (14) repetitions. The actual repetitions to failure were less than predicted at 50% 1RM (P < .001) and 80% 1RM (P < .001) and greater at 60% 1RM (P = .004), but there was no difference at 70% 1RM (P = .084). The ESR30 (75 [14] kg) was greater (P < .001) than the CR. Conclusions: The total work-vs-distance relationship can be used to identify the CR for the deadlift, which reflected a sustainable resistance that may be useful in the design of resistance-based exercise programs.
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Pedrosa, Gustavo Ferreira, Sandra Carvalho Machado, Rodrigo César Ribeiro Diniz, Lucas Túlio de Lacerda, Hugo Cesar Martins-Costa, André Gustavo Pereira de Andrade, Michael Bemben, Mauro Heleno Chagas, and Fernando Vitor Lima. "The Effects of Altering the Concentric/Eccentric Phase Times on EMG Response, Lactate Accumulation and Work Completed when Training to Failure." Journal of Human Kinetics 73, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0132.
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AbstractThis study compared the electromyographic response, the blood lactate concentration (BLC), and the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) between protocols of different concentric/eccentric duration taken to muscle failure. This comparison may help to understand how different concentric/eccentric duration may influence performance and the central and metabolic responses in trained men. Seventeen strength-trained men performed two protocols in a counterbalanced design. Three sets of the Smith bench press exercise were performed to failure at 60% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) using each protocol (4-s concentric/2-s eccentric [4 s: 2 s]; and 2-s concentric/4-s eccentric [2 s: 4 s]). The normalized root mean square (EMGRMS) and the mean frequency (EMGMF) of the electromyographic signals for the pectoralis major and the triceps brachii were compared in the first, middle, and last repetitions. The BLC was assessed at rest, during and after the test sessions. To compare the EMG and BLC, a 3-way ANOVA with repeated measures with a post hoc Tukey’s test was used. To compare the MNR performed across the sets, an ANOVA-type rank test with the Dunn’s post hoc test was used. The ANOVA indicated a greater EMGRMS for Protocol 4 s: 2 s in the pectoralis major and a lower EMGMF for Protocol 4 s: 2 s in the triceps brachii at the middle and last repetitions. Both protocols increased the EMGRMS and decreased the EMGMF across repetitions. Despite the results show different levels of activation and neuromuscular fatigue between protocols, the BLC and the MNR were similar.
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Viecelli, Claudio, David Aguayo, Samuel Dällenbach, David Graf, Basil Achermann, Ernst Hafen, and Rudolf M. Füchslin. "Algorithmic extraction of smartphone accelerometer-derived mechano-biological descriptors of resistance exercise is robust to changes in intensity and velocity." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): e0254164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254164.
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Background It was shown that single repetition, contraction-phase specific and total time-under-tension (TUT) can be extracted reliably and validly from smartphone accelerometer-derived data of resistance exercise machines using user-determined resistance exercise velocities at 60% one repetition maximum (1-RM). However, it remained unclear how robust the extraction of these mechano-biological descriptors is over a wide range of movement velocities (slow- versus fast-movement velocity) and intensities (30% 1-RM versus 80% 1-RM) that reflect the interindividual variability during resistance exercise. Objective In this work, we examined whether the manipulation of velocity or intensity would disrupt an algorithmic extraction of single repetitions, contraction-phase specific and total TUT. Methods Twenty-seven participants performed four sets of three repetitions of their 30% and 80% 1-RM with velocities of 1 s, 2 s, 6 s and 8 s per repetition, respectively. An algorithm extracted the number of repetitions, single repetition, contraction-phase specific and total TUT. All exercises were video-recorded. The video recordings served as the gold standard to which algorithmically-derived TUT was compared. The agreement between the methods was examined using Limits of Agreement (LoA). The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to calculate the association, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1) examined the interrater reliability. Results The calculated error rate for the algorithmic detection of the number of single repetitions derived from two smartphones accelerometers was 1.9%. The comparison between algorithmically-derived, contraction-phase specific TUT against video, revealed a high degree of correlation (r > 0.94) for both exercise machines. The agreement between the two methods was high on both exercise machines, intensities and velocities and was as follows: LoA ranged from -0.21 to 0.22 seconds for single repetition TUT (2.57% of mean TUT), from -0.24 to 0.22 seconds for concentric contraction TUT (6.25% of mean TUT), from -0.22 to 0.24 seconds for eccentric contraction TUT (5.52% of mean TUT) and from -1.97 to 1.00 seconds for total TUT (5.13% of mean TUT). Interrater reliability for single repetition, contraction-phase specific TUT was high (ICC > 0.99). Conclusion Neither intensity nor velocity disrupts the proposed algorithmic data extraction approach. Therefore, smartphone accelerometers can be used to extract scientific mechano-biological descriptors of dynamic resistance exercise with intensities ranging from 30% to 80% of the 1-RM with velocities ranging from 1 s to 8 s per repetition, respectively, thus making this simple method a reliable tool for resistance exercise mechano-biological descriptors extraction.
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Amri, Muhammad. "MUNASABAH PASANGAN DIKSI AL-QURAN." Rausyan Fikr: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Ushuluddin dan Filsafat 13, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/rsy.v13i1.94.
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Attention to the Qur'anic word (mufradat al-Quran) is sufficient for a large portion of the Qur'anic Study. Whether in the form of detecting the correct selection of words in a verse, the study of repetition of words in the Qur'an, to the linkage of each word in a single verse of the Qur'an. It turns out that in the Qur'an there is a pair of words called the same number of repetitions that have not been explored more deeply by so many experts of Alqur'an. This study is a literature study in the form of descriptive qualitative research using approach 'Ulum al-Qur'a>n. This papar traces each pair of words that have the same number of repetitions in the Qur'an, the range of meanings of the repetitions in the Qur'an and than to further determines the munasabah (relation) between the pair of words. This study produces a table of pairs of words mentioned in the Qur'an with the same number, then produces a table of meaning ranges from those words in its repetition in the Qur'an which in turn gets some categories of linkages between the word pairs in the form of causal linkage, process-results, synonyms, antonyms, characters (characteristics), and functions. The results of this study are expected to bring up the other side of the miracles of the Qur'an from the point of the mufrada>t al-Qur'an. At the same time bring the hidden wisdom of the content of Alqur'an with the overall meaning and meaning of each Alqur'an word.
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Monroe, John F., and Richard W. Marklin. "Quantitative Biomechanical Analysis of Wrist Motion in Bone-Trimming Jobs in the Red-Meat Packing Industry." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 10 (October 1995): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901012.
Full textAbstract:
This study was motivated by the serious impact that cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) of the upper extremities have on industrial workers and on industry itself. To date, no quantitative data has been gathered on the kinematics of hand and wrist motion required in bone-trimming jobs in the red-meat packing industry. No information is known about what type and how much wrist motion is currently being used in bone-trimming jobs in the red-meat packing industry, or how much these motions increase the risk of occupational CTDs. The research conducted addressed this current research void and established a preliminary database of wrist and hand kinematics for a bone-trimming job in the red-meat packing industry. This kinematic database could augment the red-meat industry's efforts to reduce the severity and cost of CTDs. Ergonomics practitioners in the red-meat industry could use the kinematic methods employed in this research to assess the CTD risk of current and redesigned jobs that require repetitious, hand-intensive work. The study examined the wrist motions used by nine red-meat packing workers who performed bone-trimming jobs. These jobs are highly repetitive and hand-intensive. Quantitative measures of the kinematic parameters of wrist motions performed on the bone-trimming line were measured using goniometry. The wrist motion measures consisted of the following statistics in the radial/ulnar, flexion/extension, and pronation/supination planes: 1). mean, minimum, and maximum of wrist angle position, 2). mean, minimum, and maximum of angular velocity, and 3). mean, minimum, and maximum of angular acceleration. The kinematic data were compared to manufacturing industry's preliminary wrist motion benchmarks. These benchmarks were the means and variances of nine dependent variables of position, velocity, and acceleration from industrial workers who performed hand-intensive, repetitive work in jobs that were of low and high risk of hand/wrist CTDS (Marras and Schoenmarklin, 1993). Results of this comparison show that numerous wrist motion variables in both the left and right hands of bone-trimming workers are in the high-risk category. This quantitative analysis provides biomechanical support for the high incidence of CTDs in the bone-trimming line of the plant that was investigated.
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Barcroft, Joe. "Effects of sentence writing in second language lexical acquisition." Second Language Research 20, no. 4 (October 2004): 303–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267658304sr233oa.
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This study compared the effects of writing new words in sentences with word picture repetition learning alone. Second language (L2) Spanish learners attempted to learn 24 new Spanish words in one of two conditions while viewing word picture pairs. In Experiment 1, in the no sentence writing condition, the participants viewed 4 repetitions of each word for 6 seconds each. In the sentence writing condition, they viewed 1 repetition of each word for 48 seconds and were asked to write the word in a Spanish sentence. In Experiment 2, the participants were shown one repetition of each word for 24 seconds in both the sentence writing and no sentence writing conditions. Immediate and delayed posttests on productive vocabulary knowledge were administered in both experiments. Scores were submitted to analyses of variance. Condition and time were independent variables. Target word production was scored based on syllables and whole words produced. Results of both experiments indicated strong negative effects for the sentence writing conditions, suggesting that sentence writing can inhibit word form learning during the initial stages of L2 lexical acquisition.
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Srivastava, Praveen Ranjan, Ashish Kumar Singh, Hemraj Kumhar, and Mohit Jain. "Optimal Test Sequence Generation in State Based Testing Using Cuckoo Search." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 3, no. 3 (July 2012): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaec.2012070102.
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The present work describes a method for increasing software testing efficiency by identifying the optimal test sequences in the state machine diagram. The method employs a Meta-heuristic algorithm called Cuckoo Search to investigate best paths in the diagram. It tries to provide a technique for exhaustive coverage with minimal repetition which ensures all transitions coverage and all paths coverage at least once with minimal number of repetitions of states as well as transitions. The algorithm works by maximising an objective function which focuses on most error prone parts of the program so that critical portions can be tested first. State machine diagram is given as input, and Cuckoo Search is performed to generate a list of test sequences as output.
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Iglesias-Soler, Eliseo, Eduardo Carballeira, Tania Sánchez-Otero, Xian Mayo, and Miguel Fernández-del-Olmo. "Performance of Maximum Number of Repetitions With Cluster-Set Configuration." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 4 (July 2014): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0246.
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Purpose:To analyze performance during the execution of a maximum number of repetitions (MNR) in a cluster-set configuration.Method:Nine judokas performed 2 sessions of parallel squats with a load corresponding to 4-repetition maximum (4RM) with a traditional-training (TT) and cluster-training (CT) set configuration. The TT consisted of 3 sets of repetitions leading to failure and 3 min of rest between sets. In the CT the MNR was performed with a rest interval between repetitions (45.44 ± 11.89 s). The work-to-rest ratio was similar for CT and TT.Results:MNR in CT was 45.5 ± 32 repetitions and was 9.33 ± 1.87 times the volume in TT. There was a tendency for the average mean propulsive velocity (MPV) to be higher in CT (0.39 ± 0.04 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 m/s for CT and TT, respectively, P = .054, standardized mean difference [d] = 0.57). The average MPV was higher in CT for a similar number of repetitions (0.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 m/s for CT and TT, respectively, P = .006, d = 1.33). The number of repetitions in TT was correlated with absolute 4RM load (r = –.719, P = .031) but not in CT (r = –.273, P = .477).Conclusions:A cluster-set configuration allows for a higher number of repetitions and improved sustainability of mechanical performance. CT, unlike TT, was not affected by absolute load, suggesting an improvement of training volume with high absolute loads.
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Farsi, Roghayeh. "Repetition and Reactance in Graham’s "Underneath" Poems." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 6 (September 1, 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.6p.223.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper gives a detailed analysis and interpretation of 16 poems in Jorie Graham's collection, Swarm (2000), which bear "UNDERNEATH" as their main titles. The poems are marked with different types of repetition such as graphological repetition, word, phrase, and sentential repetition, semantic repetition, and syntactic repetition. The study draws on Lakoff and Johnson's theories on metaphor and Brehm and Brehm’s reactance theory. It is argued "underneath" is a conceptual (orientational) metaphor which signifies a state of being limited, lack of control and freedom, and loss of power. The paper investigates the speaker's reactant behavior in "Underneath" poems, seeking a way to restore her lost freedom. Reactance behaviors can be skepticism, inertia, aggression, and resistance. It is concluded despite her thematic inertia, representing her submission to the oppressed state, her stylistic reactance reflected in repetitions, innovations, and disruptive diction stands for her attempts to regain her lost control.