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1
Blamey, Katrin L. "The effects of two repeated reading treatments on fluency and comprehension of second grade students." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 216 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601517141&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Brown, Leonard Dale. "The effects of alternative reading and math strategy treatments on word problem-solving." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1272846865.
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Brown, Leonard Dale. "The effects of alternative reading and math strategy treatments on word problem-solving." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1272846865.
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Gross, Viktoriia. "An integrative approach to characterize and predict cell death and escape to beta-lactam antibiotic treatments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB035.
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La résistance aux antibiotique est de plus en plus courante. En particulier, la fraction croissante d'Escherichia coli commensaux et pathogènes exprimant des bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu et/ou des carbapénémases est alarmante. E. coli est une cause majeure d'infections courantes telles que les infections urinaires, qui touchent plus de 150 millions de personnes dans le monde. Il est important de noter que de nombreuses infections récidivent. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre en profondeur la sensibilité des isolats cliniques d'E. coli aux bêta-lactamines pour proposer des traitements efficaces.Les bactéries peuvent échapper aux traitements de différentes manières. Les bactéries résistantes se développent et se divisent normalement en présence d'antibiotiques. Leur caractérisation est facile à l'aide de tests de diagnostic standard. Les bactéries tolérantes se contentent de survivre en présence d'antibiotiques et repoussent lorsque l'antibiotique est retiré ou dégradé. Ce comportement biphasique complique la prédiction des résultats du traitement. La résilience au traitement est notamment observée dans la tolérance collective aux antibiotiques, où les cellules mortes libèrent des bêta-lactamases qui dégradent l'antibiotique dans l'environnement. Les approches standard ne sont pas adaptées pour quantifier et comprendre le rôle de la résistance et/ou de la résilience.Nos principaux objectifs sont de quantifier la dynamique de la mort cellulaire au cours de traitements répétés et de quantifier l'impact des différentes conditions environnementaux sur la mort cellulaire. Tout d'abord, nous avons développé de nouveaux protocoles pour résoudre les problèmes de variabilité dans les mesures de densité optique, et pour effectuer des tests d'unités formant colonies d'une manière efficace. Grâce à ces techniques, nous avons généré un vaste ensemble de données décrivant l'impact de traitements répétés sur différents isolats cliniques. Nous avons calibré un modèle, précédemment développé par l'équipe, de la réponse de la population aux antibiotiques et de l'évolution de l'environnement dans le contexte de tolérance collective aux antibiotiques. Nous avons calibré le modèle sur l'ensemble de données, et nous avons montré que le modèle tient compte de l'évolution temporelle de la biomasse et du nombre de cellules vivantes. En outre, nous avons démontré qu'en utilisant ce modèle, nous pouvons prédire le nombre de cellules vivantes à partir des mesures de la biomasse.Dans ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence l'écart entre l'in vitro et l'in vivo en évaluant l'effet de différentes conditions de croissance sur la survie des cellules. Pour relever ce défi, nous avons étudié la réponse bactérienne dans l'urine humaine et dans le milieu de Mueller-Hinton (milieu utilisé pour les antibiogrammes standard), ainsi que dans un milieu défini avec différentes sources de carbone. Tout d'abord, nous avons observé une meilleure survie dans l'urine par rapport au milieu Mueller-Hinton, mais ce résultat variait en fonction de la souche et de la concentration d'antibiotique. Il est intéressant de noter que les données expérimentales ont montré que la concentration en nutriments n'avait pas d'effet sur le taux de croissance, mais un effet important sur la capacité de charge et la réponse aux antibiotiques. Grâce à l'étalonnage du modèle et à l'analyse des valeurs des paramètres du modèle, nous avons identifié des processus biologiques qui pourraient expliquer les différences entre le comportement des bactéries dans différents milieuxResistance to first-line antimicrobial drugs is now commonly encountered. In particular, the increasing fraction of commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and/or carbapenemases is alarming. E. coli is a major cause of common infections such as urinary tract infections, affecting over 150 million people worldwide. Importantly, many infections relapse. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates to beta-lactams is essential for proposing effective treatments.Bacteria might escape treatments in many different ways. Resistant bacteria grow and divide normally in the presence of antibiotics. Their characterization is easy using standard diagnostic tests. Resilient bacteria merely survive in the presence of antibiotics and regrow when the antibiotic is removed or degraded. This biphasic behavior complicates the prediction of treatment outcomes. Resilience to treatment is notably observed in collective antibiotic tolerance, where dead cells release beta-lactamases degrading the antibiotic in the environment. Standard approaches are not adapted for quantifying and understanding the role of resistance and/or resilience.Our main objectives are to quantify the dynamics of cell death during repeated treatments and to quantify the impact of different growth conditions on cell death. First, we developed novel protocols to address variability issues in optical density measurements, and to perform colony forming unit assays in an efficient manner. Using these techniques, we generated an extensive dataset describing the impact of repeated treatments on different clinical isolates. We calibrated a previously developed in the team model of population response to antibiotic and evolution of the environment in the context of collective antibiotic tolerance. We calibrated the model to our dataset, and we showed that the model accounts for the temporal evolution of both biomass and live cell counts. Further, we demonstrated that using this model we can predict live cell number from biomass measurements.In addition, in this work we highlighted the in vitro - in vivo gap by assessing the effect of different growth conditions on cell survival. To address this challenge, we studied the bacterial response in human urine and in Mueller-Hinton media (media used for standard antibiotic susceptibility tests), as well as a defined media with different carbon sources. First, we observed better survival in urine compared to Mueller-Hinton media, but this result varied depending on the strain and the antibiotic concentration. Interestingly, the experimental data showed that nutrient concentration had no effect on growth rate, but a strong effect on carrying capacity and antibiotic response. Through model calibration and analysis of identified model parameter values, we identified biological processes that could explain the differences between bacterial behavior in different media
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Imai, Takumi. "Exploratory assessment of treatment-dependent random-effects distribution using gradient functions." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/264638.
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京都大学新制・論文博士
博士(社会健康医学)
乙第13422号
論社医博第16号
新制||社医||11(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻
(主査)教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 藤渕 航, 教授 黒田 知宏
学位規則第4条第2項該当
Doctor of Public Health
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Törmäkangas, L. (Liisa). "Experimental Chlamydia pneumoniae infection model: effects of repeated inoculations and treatment." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427976X.
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Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human pathogen worldwide, which causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In addition, C. pneumoniae infections have been associated with atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases, and successful treatment and eradication of the organism from tissues would therefore be desirable. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of C. pneumoniae inoculations on the development of chronic infection and atherosclerotic changes in normocholesterolemic, wild-type mice. We also aimed to elucidate the effects of antibiotic and other treatments on the eradication of chlamydia and on the reduction of the pathologic sequelae induced by these infections.
Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either normal chow when assessing the effects of acute infection, or a diet supplemented with 0.2% cholesterol when evaluating the atherosclerotic changes. Primary or repeated inoculations with C. pneumoniae isolate K7 were given to the mice intranasally, and the effects of treatments with telithromycin, levofloxacin and erythromycin antimicrobial agents and with the phenolic compounds quercetin, luteolin and octyl gallate were evaluated. The following methods were used to measure infection and treatment effects and the presence of chlamydia in tissue: chlamydia culture, PCR and RT-PCR methods, histology of lung, heart and aortic tissue, serologic methods and measurements of aortic contractility responses.
Repeated C. pneumoniae inoculations induced persistent chlamydial DNA and inflammation in lung tissue and development of mouse Hsp60 autoantibodies. Infection was shown to influence aortic endothelial function, and repeated inoculations significantly increased subendothelial lipid accumulation in the aortic sinus area. A flavonoid, luteolin, was shown to effectively decrease the chlamydial load and inflammatory reactions in lung tissue. All antimicrobial agents eradicated the presence of viable chlamydia effectively; however, PCR positivity persisted in lung tissue despite the treatments. Only immediate treatment after each inoculation was able to decrease aortic sinus lipid accumulation.
In conclusion, these data support the role of C. pneumoniae in promoting atherosclerotic development via autoimmune responses and also via direct effects on aortic tissue. Conventional antimicrobial treatments may not effectively eradicate persistent infection, and further studies are warranted to seek for alternative treatment options.
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de, la Salle Sara. "Electrophysiological Correlates and Predictors of the Antidepressant Response to Repeated Ketamine Infusions in Treatment-Resistant Depression." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41551.
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Traditional antidepressants, which act on the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine systems, require many weeks to produce a therapeutic effect and are not effective for every patient. A sub-anesthetic dose of the anesthetic agent ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has been shown to produce a rapid and robust antidepressant effect in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). As depressive symptoms typically return after one week following a single infusion, recent work has begun to focus on methods for prolonging the effects. Repeated infusions on a specific dosing schedule are being explored, however, the early identification of treatment responders and non-responders would be beneficial for optimized treatment selection within this population.
The mechanisms underlying ketamine’s rapid effects conceivably involve the regulation of altered glutamatergic signaling in MDD, though this is not yet completely understood. Understanding of the central mechanisms mediating ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects may be increased through the use of non-invasive electroencephalographic measures, including resting electroencephalography (EEG) and the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential. These measures have been shown to be altered in depressed individuals and are sensitive to ketamine administration.
The primary objectives of this study were to 1) examine acute changes in EEG- and MMN-derived indices, immediately post- and two hours postinfusion, with a sub-anesthetic ketamine dose in comparison to an active placebo (midazolam), and 2) to examine their relationships with early and sustained antidepressant treatment response to ketamine within an eight week clinical trial involving three study phases.
Ketamine decreased measures of scalp-level alpha and theta resting activity, immediately postinfusion, and increased gamma immediately and two hours postinfusion. An increase in source-localized anterior cingulate activity two hours postinfusion was also observed. Regarding the MMN, ketamine reduced frontal amplitudes as well as theta event-related oscillations and source-localized peak frontal generator activity. Measures of resting theta and change in gamma, as well as left frontal MMN amplitude, theta event-related oscillations, baseline left phase locking factor, and baseline right inferior temporal lobe activity were predictive of decreases in depressive symptoms at both early and sustained treatment time points. Alpha power was predictive of decrease in suicidal ideation, though the relationship with baseline and early change in symptoms was stronger.
These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of baseline and ketamine-induced changes in both resting and task-evoked electrophysiological measures, and may have the potential to act as non-invasive biomarkers of antidepressant response prediction to glutamatergic agents.
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Hastie, Kenneth John. "A study of the toxicity of repeated interperitoneal administration of epirubicin under normothermic and hypothermic conditions in normal rats." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235537.
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Milbourne, Katrina Jane, and n/a. "A randomised controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of heparin and hydrocortisone additive to extend the life of peripheral cannulae in children." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050530.104945.
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Repeated cannulation of children during the course of treatment is distressing for the
child, their family and to their nurses. Some paediatric units endeavour to minimise recannulation
by employing strategies to reduce complications such as phlebitis and
thrombosis formation. One strategy is to infuse low dose heparin and hydrocortisone
(HEPHC). However, its effectiveness in prolonging cannula survival is inconclusive.
There is also concern about the potential risks of administering these preparations to
children.
A randomised, controlled, blinded trial was conducted that examined the effectiveness
of continuous infusion of low dose HEPHC in a group of children requiring long term
intravenous antibiotics in a general paediatric unit. Comparisons of cannula
complications and cannulae survival times were made in children receiving either
continuous infusions of clear fluids or low dose HEPHC.
The results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference (Logrank
statistic=l.l, p=0.3) in cannula survival times between the two groups. It was also
found that the bacterial and fungal colonisation of cannula for these children was
extremely low. Based on these findings it is recommended that routine administration
of low dose HEPHC to extend cannula survival time be discontinued. The findings
also support current practice of removing cannula in children only when a complication
occurs on completion of treatment.
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Ross, Helen. "Dialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents who repeatedly self-harm : a qualitative study." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dialectical-behaviour-therapy-for-adolescents-who-repeatedly-selfharm--a-qualitative-study(d0104182-26e3-46df-9f7b-bce986401002).html.
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Despite the level of concern generated by adolescents who repeatedly self-harm, there is a dearth of empirically validated interventions for this client group. In the adult domain, dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993) is the only evidence-based intervention for individuals at high risk of repetition, and preliminary research has suggested its utility with adolescents. This study employed a qualitative methodology to evaluate an existing inpatient DBT programme for adolescents with multiple presenting problems including deliberate self-harm. Four female adolescents were interviewed in depth about their experiences and the perceived impact of receiving DBT. Transcripts were analysed for significant and recurrent themes using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Overall, the results supported existing quantitative data indicating that this client group can benefit from DBT. Participants emphasised the role of applying DBT skills in gaining a sense of control over internal experiences and overt behaviours (including self-harm). However, there were marked individual differences in the degree to which such control was attained. Furthermore, for most participants, the effective use of DBT skills was at least partially dependent upon the continued receipt of therapy. Motivation to engage in and comply with therapy appeared to be significantly influenced by participants' perceptions of staff and peers within the inpatient unit. A sense of connection or identification with others emerged as an important source of learning and inspiration, as well as serving to normalise participants' difficulties. The role of social comparison was particularly salient in participants' attempts to make sense of the changes in self since entering DBT. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature, with particular emphasis on the extent to which therapeutic processes deemed important by DBT theory were concordant with participants' experiences. Implications for clinical practice are highlighted and directions for future research suggested.
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Azzopardi, Laura. "Lymphodepletion with repeated cycles of alemtuzumab and secondary autoimmunity after alemtuzumab treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275142.
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Background: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, with significant morbidity and mortality. The lymphocyte depleting, anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment option in RRMS, though associated with high rates of secondary autoimmune disorders. As alemtuzumab is now in routine clinical use, following licensing in Europe and the US, understanding the effects of repeated treatment cycles and reducing the risk of secondary autoimmunity is timely and essential. In this thesis, I explore how repeated treatment impacts the extent of lymphodepletion. I also study the role of soluble CD52, recently described as suppressive via interaction with Siglec-10, in the mechanism of secondary autoimmunity, and determine the biomarker potential of pre-treatment cytokine levels. Findings: CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are less effectively depleted with repeated treatment cycles. Lymphocyte surface CD52 density was found by flow cytometry to be significantly lower after alemtuzumab treatment, although CD52-negative clones are not seen. In a cytolysis assay, reduced CD52 density was shown to correlate with reduced susceptibility to alemtuzumab. In addition, activated proliferating T lymphocytes, as observed after treatment, downregulated CD52 expression in a gene expression assay and shed the antigen from cell surface as demonstrated by ELISA and flow cytometry. The development of immunoassays to detect and quantify anti-idiotype antibodies to alemtuzumab is presented. The occurrence of antibodies at retreatment did not reduce lymphocyte depletion. A regulatory role for soluble CD52 was not found in suppression assays, and the proportion of antigen-activated CD52hi T cells did not vary between healthy controls and RRMS individuals. Siglec-10 was not seen on cell surface of activated T cells by flow cytometry and gene expression; thus concluding that soluble CD52 does not play a role in post-alemtuzumab induced autoimmunity. Prior to treatment, the only serum cytokine found to distinguish individuals who develop autoimmunity from those who do not was IL-21 (higher in the autoimmune cohort), however currently commercially available IL-21 immunoassays have no utility as predictive biomarker tests.
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Grahn, Robert. "Treatment repeaters : re-entry in care for clients with substance use disorder within the Swedish addiction treatment system." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141601.
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According to the regulations contained in the Social Services Act (SFS 2001:453), Swedish social services have a legal responsibility to provide support, care, and treatment for individuals with substance use problems. This law mandate those who are responsible to provide treatment to motivate drug users to actively seek treatment on a voluntary basis, ensuring an end to their dependence on drugs. Studies have shown that although the treatment system largely focuses on promoting abstinence, about two-thirds of client’s relapse into substance use within one year after completing treatment. This dissertation focuses broadly on clients who repeatedly enter and use treatment for substance use disorders in the Swedish addiction treatment system. The aim of this thesis is to examine and identify the population groups who are repeated treatment users of the Swedish treatment system for substance use disorder, including both the voluntary treatment and compulsory care. This thesis was based on three national level databases. The results showed that clients with a higher degree of problems and problems in different areas of life also had an increased risk of having treatment for substance use disorder repeatedly. Clients who were older, men, reported more years of polydrug and alcohol use to intoxication, reported more compulsory care episodes for substance use, had ever been charged with crime, had ever been in inpatient mental health treatment, and had a higher ASI mental health symptom composite score, were significantly more likely to report more voluntary addiction treatment episodes. The strongest significant association with the number of treatment episodes was the number of compulsory treatment episodes for alcohol and drugs. Individuals who experienced prior compulsory care including mandatory treatment through LVU (law (1990:52)), been in prison, and had children mandated to out-of-home care, were more likely to have two or more entries in the compulsory care system for substance use disorder. In addition, this analysis showed that 59% of clients mandated to compulsory care dropped-out during their compulsory care episode, and that younger clients were significantly more likely to drop-out. Those who drop-out were significantly more likely to experience negative outcomes, i.e. additional sentence to compulsory care and higher risk of mortality. A hierarchal logistic regression model also identified that individuals with riskier childhood conditions were more likely to have had repeated entries to compulsory care for substance use disorder. The indirect effects showed that a family history of substance use disorder and psychiatric problems are both associated with higher probability of institutional care as a child i.e. LVU, and that in turn, mandated childhood institutional care is related to repeated compulsory care intakes as an adult. Individuals who use treatment for substance use disorder repeatedly have a higher degree of problems i.e. an exposed and problematic group of individuals characterized by problem in several different areas of life. Growing up in a home environment with unfavorable conditions, mandated care before the age of 18 (LVU), compulsory care for substance use disorder as an adult, children taken into out-of-home care, and crime are the factors that are primarily associated with repeated treatment for substance use. A change in the view of treatment for clients in need of repeated use of treatment seems important, and access to adapted continuous care efforts are crucial to counteract the risk of relapse after a treatment episode of voluntary or compulsory care. Further, it seems important to motivate the client to complete the compulsory care without any deviation, since this seems to have positive effects on their substance use disorder.
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Kaiser, Jennifer L. "The effects of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine supplementation on body composition and muscle recovery from repeated bouts of resistance exercise." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231346.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a supplement containing polyunsaturated phoshphatidylcholine (PPC) on physical performance, delayed muscle soreness (DOMS), markers of membrane damage, and lipid peroxidation after repeated bouts of whole body resistance on men ages 18-35 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either PPC or placebo supplements for 31 days. After 3 weeks of supplementation, subjects were to perform 3 whole body resistance exercise sessions with 3 days of recovery between sessions. In order to document the effects of supplementation on recovery, fasting blood samples for determination of creatine kinase (CK) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and muscle soreness ratings were obtained each day in the morning after the initial 3 weeks of supplementation. The data was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. The results indicate notable trends favoring PPC supplementation, such as lower ratings of perceived muscle soreness, lower CK and MDA responses to repeated bouts, improved maintenance of upper body strength and power, and increased lean body mass. However, these findings were not statistically different when compared to the placebo group.School of Physical Education
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Duncan, Laura C. "Interval Sprinting: Impact on Reading Fluency and Self-efficacy." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3049.
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Reading fluency is the ability to decode connected text with accuracy and speed (Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2003; Daly, Neugebauer, Chafouleas, & Skinner, 2015), and is generally measured by how many words a student can read in a minute. Selfefficacy is the judgment people make about their own performance levels for specific abilities, which affects their motivation and behaviors concerning those abilities (Bandura, 1977). It is unknown if repeated reading or interval sprinting reading interventions have an effect on reading self-efficacy. Two third-grade students with low reading fluency participated in an alternate treatment design, using repeated reading and interval sprinting reading interventions. After each session, reading self-efficacy was assessed using the Children’s Intervention Rating Profile (CIRP; Witt & Elliot, 1985). Results indicated that neither student’s reading fluency increased as expected with single session dosage, but their reading self-efficacy did increase for both the repeated reading and interval sprinting interventions. Student 2 demonstrated an increase in reading fluency and reading self-efficacy following the repeated reading intervention when the intervention dosage was increased. Both students reported increases in reading self-efficacy, even when their reading fluency did not increase, suggesting these interventions may provide benefits beyond simply increasing the number of words a student can read in one minute
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Becker, Megan Leigh. "EFFECTS OF REPEATED ARIPIPRAZOLE TREATMENT ON THE cAMP AND AKT PATHWAYS IN THE DORSAL STRIATUM OF PREADOLESCENT AND ADULT RATS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/416.
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The positive symptoms of schizophrenia primarily result from an excess of high affinity D2-like receptors (i.e. D2High receptors). First-generation antipsychotics, such as haloperidol, are D2-like antagonists that can cause severe extrapyramidal effects. Aripiprazole, a dopamine and serotonin partial agonist, has fewer side effects, making it tolerable for adults and children. Extrapyramidal effects (e.g. Parkinsonism, dystonia, and akathisia) are among the most problematic side effects produced by antipsychotic compounds, which likely result from an excess of D2-like receptors in the dorsal striatum. In order to examine the effects of repeated antipsychotic treatment on dopamine system functioning, this thesis compared the molecular effects of repeated haloperidol and aripiprazole administration on D2High receptors, as well as various indices of dopamine second messenger system functioning. Preadolescent and adult rats were pretreated with haloperidol or aripiprazole for 11 consecutive days. After either a 4- or 8-day drug abstinence period dorsal striatal tissue was extracted. [35S]GTPγS binding assays were conducted to assess the effects of repeated haloperidol and aripiprazole treatment on the efficacy and potency of D2-like receptors. PKA subunits and components of the Akt pathway were measured using Western Blots. Results showed that repeated treatment with haloperidol or aripiprazole did not significantly affect D2-like receptor efficacy or potency in young or adult rats. In both age groups, haloperidol significantly increased the expression of PKA-Cα, PKA-Cβ, and PKA-RII, but not p-PKA. Haloperidol also significantly increased PKA-Cβ and PKA-RII levels relative to aripiprazole. Repeated administration of haloperidol significantly increased p-GSK-3β levels in young and adult rats, but neither haloperidol nor aripiprazole significantly affected GSK-3β, Akt, or p-Akt levels. Overall, the results of this thesis indicate that repeated aripiprazole and haloperidol treatment differentially affects D2 signaling pathways in the dorsal striatum. Aripiprazole has less extreme or prolonged effects on D2 receptor signaling pathways than haloperidol, as evidenced by the lack of post-treatment upregulation in the cAMP and Akt pathways. Upregulation of D2-like receptors and, in turn, upregulation of proteins in the cAMP and Akt pathways may be partially responsible for the side effects induced by long-term antipsychotic treatment.
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Coleman, Marion Elizabeth. "The Use of a Repeated Readings with Computer Modeling Treatment Package to Promote Reading Fluency with Students Who Have Physical Disabilities." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04232008-233823/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Kathryn Wolff Heller, committee chair; Mary Beth Calhoon, Laura D. Fredrick, Paul A. Alberto, committee members. Electronic text (126 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed August 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-123).
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Chen, Lei. "Uncovering Differential Symptom Courses with Multiple Repeated Outcome Measures: Interplay between Negative and Positive Symptom Trajectories in the Treatment of Schizophrenia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342729413.
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Lordelo, Mauricio Santana. "Modelos de transição de Markov: um enfoque em experimentos planejados com dados binários correlacionados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-08072014-084724/.
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Os modelos de transição de Markov constituem uma ferramenta de grande importância para diversas áreas do conhecimento quando são desenvolvidos estudos com medidas repetidas. Eles caracterizam-se por modelar a variável resposta ao longo do tempo condicionada a uma ou mais respostas anteriores, conhecidas como a história do processo. Além disso, é possível a inclusão de outras covariáveis. No caso das respostas binárias, pode-se construir uma matriz com as probabilidades de transição de um estado para outro. Neste trabalho, quatro abordagens diferentes de modelos de transição foram comparadas para avaliar qual estima melhor o efeito causal de tratamentos em um estudo experimental em que a variável resposta é um vetor binário medido ao longo do tempo. Estudos de simulação foram realizados levando em consideração experimentos balanceados com três tratamentos de natureza categórica. Para avaliar as estimativas foram utilizados o erro padrão, viés e percentual de cobertura dos intervalos de confiança. Os resultados mostraram que os modelos de transição marginalizados são mais indicados na situação em que um experimento é desenvolvido com um reduzido número de medidas repetidas. Como complementação, apresenta-se uma forma alternativa de realizar comparações múltiplas, uma vez que os pressupostos como normalidade, independência e homocedasticidade são violados impossibilitando o uso dos métodos tradicionais. Um experimento com dados reais no qual se registrou a presença de fungos (considerada como sucesso) em cultivos de citros e morango foi analisado por meio do modelo de transição apropriado. Para as comparações múltiplas, intervalos de confiança simultâneos foram construídos para o preditor linear e os resultados foram estendidos para a resposta média que neste caso são as probabilidades de sucesso.The transition Markov models are a very important tool for several areas of knowledge when studies are developed with repeated measures. They are characterized by modeling the response variable over time conditional to the previous response which is known as the history. In addtion it is possible to include other covariates. In the case of binary responses, can be constructed a matrix of transition probabilities from one state to another. In this work, four different approaches to transition models were compared in order to assess which best estimates of the causal effect of treatments in an experimental studies where the outcome is a vector of binary response measured over time. Simulation study was held taking into account a balanced experiments with three treatments of categorical nature. To assess the best estimates standard error and bias, beyond the percentage of coverage were used. The results showed that the marginalized transition models are more appropriate in situation where an experiment is developed with a reduced number of repeated measurements. As complementation is presented an alternative way to perform multiple comparisons, since the assumptions as normality, independence and homoscedasticity are violated precluding the use of traditional methods. An experiment with real data where we recorded the presence of fungi (deemed successful) in citrus and strawberry crops was analyzed through the appropriate transition model. For multiple comparisons, simultaneous confidence intervals were constructed for the linear predictor and the results have been extended to the mean response in this case are the probabilities of success.
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Carrieri, Claudia. "UCHL1 protein synthesis upon rapamycin treatment involves its antisense RNA trough embedded SINEB2 repeat." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4126.
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The initial description of genomes organization has consisted in the separation between regulatory and protein-coding DNA stretches.
This simple and elegant model has supported the “one region-one function” theory: a genome is a linear arrangement of functional elements interspersed with nonfunctional regions. Recently the advances in transcriptomics technologies have shown that a genomic region can be used for different purposes and that functional elements can co-locate in the same region of the genome.
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Smith, Jenny Claire Elizabeth. "Effect of drugs which alter NMDA receptor function on in vivo neurochemical changes following acute and repeated antidepressant drug treatment in the freely moving rat." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367558.
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Hagen, Clinton Ernest. "Comparing the performance of four calculation methods for estimating the sample size in repeated measures clinical trials where difference in treatment groups means is of interest." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.
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Walters, Kimberly Ann. "The Use Of Post-Intervention Data From Waitlist Controls To Improve Estimation Of Treatment Effect In Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trials." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218445774.
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Stålnacke, Johanna. "Rough beginnings : Executive function in adolescents and young adults after preterm birth and repeat antenatal corticosteroid treatment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-106798.
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This thesis investigates long-term cognitive outcome in two cohorts of adolescents and young adults exposed to stressors during the perinatal period: one group born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation and birth weight <1,500 g); one group exposed to two or more courses of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS), to stimulate lung maturation in the face of threatening preterm birth. In fetal life the brain undergoes dramatic growth, and a disruption to the early establishment of functional neural networks may interrupt development in ways that are difficult to predict. Executive function refers to a set of cognitive processes that are important for purposeful regulation of thought, emotion, and behavior, and even a subtle depreciation may influence overall functioning. Study I investigated the stability of executive function development after preterm birth. Executive functions were differentiated into working memory and cognitive flexibility. Both components were highly stable from preschool age to late adolescence. In Study II, we identified subgroups within the group of children born preterm with respect to cognitive profiles at 5½ and 18 years, and identified longitudinal streams. Outcome after preterm birth was diverse, and insufficiently predicted by perinatal and family factors. Individuals performing at low levels at 5½ years were unlikely to improve over time, while a group of individuals performing at or above norm at 5½ years had improved their performance relative to term-born peers by age 18. Studies I and II pointed to the need for developmental monitoring of those at risk, prior to formal schooling. Study III investigated long-term cognitive outcome after repeat ACS treatment. The study did not provide support for the concern that repeat ACS exposure will have an adverse impact on cognitive function later in life. In sum, exposure to perinatal stressors resulted in great variation in outcome. However, for many, their rough beginnings had not left a lasting mark.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted.
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Silke Behrendt, Michael Höfler, Axel Perkonigg, Jürgen Rehm, Roselind Lieb, and Katja Beesdo. "A typology of cannabis-related problems among individuals with repeated illegal drug use in the first three decades of life: Evidence for heterogeneity and different treatment needs." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-111264.
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Background: Cannabis use (CU) and disorders (CUD) are highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults. We aim to identify clinically meaningful latent classes of users of cannabis and other illegal substances with distinct problem profiles.
Methods: N= 3021 community subjects aged 14–24 at baseline were followed-up over a period ranging up to 10 years. Substance use (SU) and disorders (SUD) were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted with a subset of N= 1089 subjects with repeated illegal SU. The variables entered in the LCA were CU-related problems, CUD, other SUD, and other mental disorders.
Results: Four latent classes were identified: “Unproblematic CU” (class 1: 59.2%), “Primary alcohol use disorders” (class 2: 14.4%), “Delinquent cannabis/alcohol DSM-IV-abuse” (class 3: 17.9%), “CUD with multiple problems” (class 4: 8.5%). Range and level of CU-related problems were highest in classes 3 and 4. Comorbidity with other mental disorders was highest in classes 2 and 4. The probability of alcohol disorders and unmet treatment needs was considerable in classes 2–4.
Conclusion: While the majority of subjects with repeated illegal SU did not experience notable problems over the 10-year period, a large minority (40.8%) experienced problematic outcomes, distinguished by clinically meaningful profiles. The data underline the need for specifically tailored interventions for adolescents with problematic CU and highlight the potentially important role of alcohol and other mental disorders.
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Silke Behrendt, Michael Höfler, Axel Perkonigg, Jürgen Rehm, Roselind Lieb, and Katja Beesdo. "A typology of cannabis-related problems among individuals with repeated illegal drug use in the first three decades of life: Evidence for heterogeneity and different treatment needs." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26837.
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Background: Cannabis use (CU) and disorders (CUD) are highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults. We aim to identify clinically meaningful latent classes of users of cannabis and other illegal substances with distinct problem profiles.
Methods: N= 3021 community subjects aged 14–24 at baseline were followed-up over a period ranging up to 10 years. Substance use (SU) and disorders (SUD) were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted with a subset of N= 1089 subjects with repeated illegal SU. The variables entered in the LCA were CU-related problems, CUD, other SUD, and other mental disorders.
Results: Four latent classes were identified: “Unproblematic CU” (class 1: 59.2%), “Primary alcohol use disorders” (class 2: 14.4%), “Delinquent cannabis/alcohol DSM-IV-abuse” (class 3: 17.9%), “CUD with multiple problems” (class 4: 8.5%). Range and level of CU-related problems were highest in classes 3 and 4. Comorbidity with other mental disorders was highest in classes 2 and 4. The probability of alcohol disorders and unmet treatment needs was considerable in classes 2–4.
Conclusion: While the majority of subjects with repeated illegal SU did not experience notable problems over the 10-year period, a large minority (40.8%) experienced problematic outcomes, distinguished by clinically meaningful profiles. The data underline the need for specifically tailored interventions for adolescents with problematic CU and highlight the potentially important role of alcohol and other mental disorders.
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Akinlotan, Morenikeji D. "Within-host dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis infection: Repeat infections and the immune response." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119362/1/Morenikeji%20Akinlotan%20Thesis.pdf.
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Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. The control of its incidence is a major public health challenge. It is one of the major preventable causes of disability and mortality. Genital Chlamydia infection is asymptomatic and thus commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this study, we use ordinary differential equation models to provide qualitative insights into the within-host dynamics of Chlamydia infections, the associated host immune response, and the in vivo control or treatment of the infection. The thesis examines optimal control treatment strategies for acute and chronic genital chlamydial infections, including an investigation of efficacious anti-Chlamydia vaccination strategies. Qualitative results of the presented models provide frameworks for the design of new and improved treatment strategies for genital chlamydial infections.
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Sakkias, Filippos [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Thurau. "Repeat Dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®-IVOM) for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis / Filippos Sakkias ; Betreuer: Stephan Thurau." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204827966/34.
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Barclay, Elaine Marie. "Domestic Violence Intervention Program Facilitators' Motivation for Working With Repeat Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3018.
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Domestic violence (DV) rehabilitative program facilitators administer the same treatment programs to males who reoffend. When DV facilitators administer the same unsuccessful treatment programs to repeat offenders, facilitators may lose intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to perform their job. For this study a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology approach was used to explore the phenomenon of DV facilitators' motivation. Self-determination theory was used to frame the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on DV facilitators who administer treatment programs to repeat offending males. A recruitment flyer was placed in the DV organization, data were collected from 7 participants through face-to-face or telephone interviews that were 18 years of age, proficient English speaking, actively facilitating DV treatment programs to repeat offending males, and employed with the DV organization. Data were transcribed and coded using open and axial coding, and analyzed for themes. Findings indicated that accountability, intrinsic motivation, and commitment influenced DV facilitators when administering programs to repeat offenders. Social change implications include awareness of perceived laissez-faire criminal justice policy towards DV male offenders and the lack of community support of challenges and opportunities for enhancing motivation for DV program facilitators.
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Ren, Yaou. "Trinucleotide Repeat Instability Modulated by DNA Repair Enzymes and Cofactors." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3762.
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Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) instability including repeat expansions and repeat deletions is the cause of more than 40 inherited incurable neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. TNR instability is associated with DNA damage and base excision repair (BER). In this dissertation research, we explored the mechanisms of BER-mediated TNR instability via biochemical analysis of the BER protein activities, DNA structures, protein-protein interaction, and protein-DNA interaction by reconstructing BER in vitro using synthesized oligonucleotide TNR substrates and purified human proteins. First, we evaluated a germline DNA polymerase β (pol β) polymorphic variant, pol βR137Q, in leading TNR instability-mediated cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. We find that the pol βR137Q has slightly weaker DNA synthesis activity compared to that of wild-type (WT) pol β. Because of the similar abilities between pol βR137Q and WT pol β in bypassing a template loop structure, both pol βR137Q and WT pol β induces similar amount of repeat deletion. We conclude that the slightly weaker DNA synthesis activity of pol βR137Q does not alter the TNR instability compared to that of WT pol β, suggesting that the pol βR137Q carriers do not have an altered risk in developing TNR instability-mediated human diseases. We then investigated the role of DNA synthesis activities of DNA polymerases in modulating TNR instability. We find that pol βY265C and pol ν with very weak DNA synthesis activities predominantly promote TNR deletions. We identify that the sequences of TNRs may also affect DNA synthesis and alter the outcomes of TNR instability. By inhibiting the DNA synthesis activity of pol β using a pol β inhibitor, we find that the outcome of TNR instability is shifted toward repeat deletions. The results provide the direct evidence that DNA synthesis activity of DNA polymerases can be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for treating TNR expansion diseases. Finally, we explored the role of post-translational modification (PTM) of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on TNR instability. We find that ubiquitinated PCNA (ub-PCNA) stimulates Fanconi associated nuclease 1 (FAN1) 5’-3’ exonucleolytic activities directly on hairpin structures, coordinating flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) in removing difficult secondary structures, thereby suppressing TNR expansions. The results suggest a role of mono-ubiquitination of PCNA in maintaining TNR stability by regulating nucleases switching. Our results suggest enzymatic activities of DNA polymerases and nucleases and the regulation of the activities by PTM play important roles in BER-mediated TNR instability. This research provides the molecular basis for future development of new therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of TNR-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Luz, Nélia Fialho Valente da. "Estudo do efeito da aplicação intrauterina de ozono sobre a taxa de gestação, após inseminação artificial, em vacas repetidoras de raça Frísia Holstein." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6323.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaNos bovinos, a saúde uterina no pós-parto encontra-se facilmente comprometida. O ambiente uterino, durante o puerpério, é um dos principais factores que influencia a fertilidade das vacas e, desta forma, qualquer alteração da saúde uterina pode induzir a síndrome da vaca repetidora. Esta definição compreende um grupo heterogéneo de vacas subférteis, sem anomalias anatómicas ou infecciosas, que exibem uma variedade de desequilíbrios reprodutivos, num padrão constante, durante três ou mais ciclos éstricos consecutivos, de duração normal (17-25 dias). O objectivo principal deste trabalho experimental foi o de avaliar o efeito da aplicação intrauterina de ozono (Ripromed® palhinhas; Novagen, Itália), 10 horas antes da IA, sobre alguns índices reprodutivos de vacas repetidoras de raça Frísia Holstein. Foram utilizados dois grupos de vacas repetidoras: um dos grupos foi sujeito a tratamento (n=23) e o outro serviu de grupo controlo (n=31), não tendo sido tratado. Foram avaliadas nos dois grupos a taxa de gestação à 1ª IA do ensaio e da 2ª IA do ensaio. Também foi avaliada a incidência de afecções no pós-parto das vacas de ambos os grupos e a taxa de gestação à 1ª IA do ensaio, tendo em conta essas afecções. Após a análise estatística dos resultados, verificou-se não haver diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre os dois grupos, muito possivelmente devido ao reduzido número da amostra (n=54). Ainda assim, no que diz respeito à taxa de gestação à 1ª IA do ensaio, verificou-se que os resultados foram numericamente superiores para o grupo dos animais tratados, relativamente ao dos não tratados (43% vs. 26%, p>0,05). Relativamente ao número de animais gestantes após a 2ª IA do ensaio (animais que fizeram retorno ao cio – 40%) registaram-se resultados menos favoráveis nas vacas tratadas (0% vs. 37%, p>0,05). No entanto, pouco se pôde concluir àcerca deste resultado, dada a pequenez da amostra. Observou-se, da mesma forma, que a retenção placentária (46,6%) e a endometrite clínica (53,3%) foram as afecções de maior incidência em ambos os grupos e que, os resultados do tratamento foram favoráveis tanto para as vacas que apresentaram patologia no puerpério ( 45% vs. 37%, p>0,05), como para as que tiveram um pós-parto aparentemente normal (42% vs. 8%, p>0,05). Deste modo, e como pouco se poderá efectivamente concluir, com base no tratamento estatístico acerca dos efeitos desta terapêutica sobre os índices reprodutivos analisados, outros estudos prospectivos deverão ser realizados.
ABSTRACT - STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTRAUTERINE OZONE TREATMENT ON REPEAT-BREEDERS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS PREGNANCY RATE AFTER ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION - In cattle, postpartum uterine health is easily compromised. The uterine environment during the puerperium influences cows’ fertility and its perturbation can induce the repeat-breeder syndrome. The repeat-breeders cows are an heterogeneous group of subfertile cows without anatomical abnormalities or infectious diseases. Those females exhibit reproductive imbalances in a constant pattern, for three or more consecutive estrous cycles (17-25 days). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intrauterine ozone treatment (Ripromed® straws; Novagen, Italy), given 10 hours before the AI on a few reproductive parameters of repeat-breeders Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. The study was conducted on two different groups: treatment group (n = 23) and control group (n = 31). It was evaluated in both groups: the pregnancy rate (1st and 2nd AI), the incidence of postpartum diseases and the pregnancy rate, taking into account those diseases. After statistical analysis, it was found no significant differences (p>0.05) between the two groups, most likely due to the small sample size (n = 54). Still, with regard to the pregnancy rate at 1st AI, the results were numerically higher for the treated group compared to the untreated one (43% vs 26%, p>0.05). Regarding the number of pregnant animals after the 2nd AI (animals that return to oestrus - 40%) it was found lower results in treated group (0 % vs 37 %, p>0.05). It was observed that retained placenta (46.6%) and clinical endometritis (53.3%) had higher incidence in both groups and the treatment results were favorable for the cows that had postpartum diseases (45% vs 37%, p>0.05) and for those that had an apparently normal postpartum (42% vs 8%, p>0.05). Therefore, based on the statistical treatment, it was not possible to conclude much. Other prospective studies should be conducted.
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Rothärmel, Maud. "La résistance pharmacologique dans les pathologies psychiatriques : Exemple de la dépression, la schizophrénie et l'autisme. Identification of potential genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder by whole-exome sequencing Les traitements pharmacologiques dans les troubles du spectre de l’autisme Troubles de l’humeur ? Quand recourir à la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne ? Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to improve electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in TReatment-Resistant Depression : a report of two cases." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR125.
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Le problème de la pharmacorésistance est un phénomène courant en médecine et qui n’épargne pas la psychiatrie. Au même titre qu’on parle « d’épilepsie résistante », on parle de « dépression ou de schizophrénie résistante ». L’autisme est une situation un peu différente dans la mesure où il n’existe pas de traitement de référence pour les troubles du neurodéveloppement. Ces trois troubles, néanmoins, constituent des enjeux majeurs de santé publique tant du point de vue économique que sociétal, avec d’importantes répercussions fonctionnelles pour les patients. Après nous être interrogés dans une première partie sur la définition même de la pharmacorésistance dans la dépression, la schizophrénie et l’autisme et sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques possiblement impliqués dans leur genèse, nous avons recherché ce qui pouvait être commun à ces troubles. Cette démarche nous a permis de comprendre comment optimiser leurs traitements. Différentes techniques d’optimisation des traitements sont à la disposition des cliniciens et incluent la potentialisation des médicaments entre eux ou encore la potentialisation des médicaments par des techniques de neurostimulation (l’électroconvulsivothérapie, ECT, la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive, rTMS, ou la stimulation transcrânienne à courant continu, tDCS). Dans une seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons étudié différentes approches d’optimisation des traitements : l’utilisation de la clozapine dans les troubles du comportement à type d’agressivité dans l’autisme ; l’utilisation de la tDCS dans les troubles des fonctions exécutives toujours dans l’autisme ; la potentialisation de la clozapine par l’ECT dans la schizophrénie résistante et enfin la potentialisation de l’ECT par la rTMS dans la dépression résistante. Les résultats encourageants que nous avons obtenus nous amènent à réfléchir sur les mécanismes d’action de ces techniques de potentialisation, notamment l’ECT et sur l’élaboration de protocoles nous permettant de confirmer nos résultatsDrug resistance is a common problem in medicine, that also concerns psychiatry. As there are resistant epilepsies, there are resistant depression or schizophrenia. Autism is in a slightly different situation as there is no reference treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. These three disorders constitue major public health issues from both the economic and social perspective with important functional impact of the disease. After focusing on the definition of drug resistance in depression, schizophrenia and autism and on the hypothetical underlying pathophysiological processes, we investigated what could be common to these disorders. This allowed us to understand how to optimize their treatments. Several augmentation methods are possible, such as the potentiation of drugs between them or the potentiation of drugs by neurostimulation (electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS, transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS). In the second part of this work, we studied the effects of different ways to optimizing treatments : the use of clozapine on aggressive behaviors for patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ; the use of tDCS on executive functions in patients with ASD ; the clozapine augmentation strategie by ECT in ultra-resistant schizophrenia and the ECT augmentation strategie by rTMS in treatment-resistant depression. Our encouraging results led us to focus on the mechanisms of these potentiation strategies, including ECT and on the development of new protocols to confirm our results
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Bauco, Pasqualino. "Nicotine potentiation of brain stimulation reward : an analysis of repeated treatments." Thesis, 1991. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3772/1/MM68750.pdf.
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Sheng-Shu, Cheng, and 鄭盛樹. "Nonparametric Procedures for Comparing Serval Treatments With a Control in Repeated Measures Designs." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07739782875561323426.
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CHEN, REN-DE, and 陳仁德. "Improvement of the interfacial properties of SiO2^^by repeated irradiation-then-anneal treatments." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13739816151296599324.
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Chen, Chien-Chung, and 陳健中. "Phase Transformation and Microstructure Evolution of Inconel-718 Alloy Following Repeated Heat Treatments." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26238587899593148232.
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博士國防大學理工學院
國防科學研究所
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This study aims to investigate the effect of repeated heat treatments on the precipitation of this multi-phase Inconel-718 alloy by a new attempt, by which identified and quantitatively accumulated peaks of X-ray diffraction (XRD) of each possible phase are presented and measured. Together with the crystal structure, possible location of atoms, space group and matching of JCPDS cards, the 24 possible phases were identified associated with its accumulated amount of XRD results relatively representing its quantitative amount being present on this alloy. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) was also used to further identify these 24 phases present in the Inconel-718 alloy to offer more atomic feature of related phases not found in the literature. Via above methods, new models for twin growth and its interaction with precipitate in Inconel-718 alloy are proposed. The measured accumulated XRD intensities to represent the quantity of the phase are in agreement with its dissolution in twin/grain interior and precipitation again in twin/grain boundary. Present study shows that twin growth is associated with and similar to a “wave front” movement of twin boundary mainly resulting from the assistance of sufficient vacancies and solute atoms from dissolved phase diffusing from the twin interior toward the twin boundary to build up the existed twin. This leads to the overall free energy reduction and results in twin growth. Furthermore, possible interaction of twin growth meeting NbC particleis also discussed. Finally, the above quantitative XRD measured method is further applied to present designed binary alloy system (Fe or Ni matrix). The XRD quantitative results on this binary alloy system is in agreement with the reports in the literature offering good potential for further application.
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Matthews, Charlotte Esther. "Response of herpetofauna and soricids to repeated prescribed fire and fuel reduction treatments in the Southern Appalachian mountains." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07262008-093401/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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LUCHETTI, ALESSANDRA. "The repeated cross fostering protocol as a mouse model of panic disorder: suggestions for new treatments from behavioral and molecular characterization." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/924267.
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Panic disorder (PD) is a common psychiatric illness with highly stereotyped symptoms including a sense of shortness of breath or feelings of suffocation. PD is characterized by spontaneous and recurrent panic attacks (PAs) that consist of incapacitating periods of acute-onset respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, autonomic and cognitive symptoms. According to the DSM-5, recurrent panic attacks in PD are categorized as being either spontaneous (unexpected) or cued (expected). Accumulating evidence suggests that spontaneous PAs may be provoked by interoceptive sensory triggers caused by fluctuations in the internal homeostatic milieu. An important internal homeostatic trigger for the genesis of PAs, supported by an emerging body of work, is acid–base imbalance and associated pH chemosensory mechanisms. Largely founded on panic provocation studies with agents promoting homeostatic pH imbalance (e.g. sodium lactate or CO2) and related to the false suffocation alarm theory the role of acid–base and chemosensory systems in panic provides strong scientific insights on the genesis of PAs. Heightened sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2) is an established biological correlate of PD. Indeed inhaled CO2 triggers PAs in most individuals with PD but only a minority of unaffected controls. More recently the acid sensing ion channel-1 (ASIC1) has been proposed as a candidate gene responsible for these phenomena. Indeed this channel is expressed in central nervous system and in particular in amygdala, brainstem, structures involved in chemosensory detection and breathing.
According to twin studies, shared genetic determinants appear to be the major underlying cause of the developmental of adult PD and of altered sensitivity to CO2. Moreover, in addition to genetic determinants, environmental risk factors affect the liability to these traits, and several life events that influence the susceptibility to PD also predict heightened CO2 reactivity. There is evidence that genetic and environmental determinants interact to influence human responses to CO2 suggesting also epigenetic mechanisms to underlie the development of PD.
Valuable animal models for PD are lacking due to the difficulty to measure “panic” in animals. Indeed models of PD used in pre-clinical research measure the defensive behaviors showed by the animals in response to a real aversive stimulus and not spontaneously and/or in the absence of real dangerous situation, as in PD. Not being able to interview the animal, about its symptoms, such as fear of dying or going crazy as in human PD patients, CO2 hypersensitivity, observed in patients with panic and their unaffected relatives, represents a valid endophenotype to model this disorder in animals. PD is a chronic disorder with variable course and treatments available until now are not specific and are often only modestly efficacious. Typical pharmacologic treatments are antidepressants (SSRI) or anxiolytics (benzodiazepines). An alternative strategy is psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy) and often patients are treated with a combination of psycho- and pharmaco-therapies. In some cases therapies (e.g., benzodiazepines) may be associated with treatment-specific side effects or risks such as sedation or the risk of dependence or tolerance. For these reasons is important to find a therapy specific for PD, possibly with the fewest side effects.
The aims of my PhD Thesis were:
1) to validate the RCF protocol in mice as a useful manipulation procedure affecting individual emotionality, different from the classical maternal separation (Handling), usually applied in rodents, to evaluate the effects of an early adverse environment. I evaluated the short and long-term effects of these early manipulations on several behavioral, molecular and physiological parameters (mother-pups interaction; stress response; emotionality; CO2 panic-related response; gluco- and mineral-corticoid receptors mRNA expression; etc.)
2) to analyze possible molecular mechanisms underlying the panic-related CO2 hypersensitivity showed by RCF animals and evaluate different pharmacological treatments (chloridiazepoxide, chlorogenic acid and amiloride) able to recover the normal respiratory response to hypercapnia, on the basis of molecular suggestions
3) to verify the cognitive capability of RCF animals trough learning tests (such as active avoidance test and novel recognition test) and investigate the capability of exposure to 6% CO2 on animals’ behavioral conditioning, in RCF and Control subjects. Indeed, humans with PD show behavioral conditioning to panic attacks and develop PA also in absence of unconditioned stimulus.
4) to investigate whether the CO2 hypersensitivity showed by RCF animals was a transgenerational transmissible trait.
First of all, results reported in this study suggest that the behavioral and physiological phenotypes observed during development and adulthood depend on characteristics and timings of early adversities capable of activate different biological processes. Reasonably, the response of the animal to the early manipulations is different and aimed at maximizing individual fitness: the early environment could exert its programming role during this developmental plastic period, through specific epigenetic modifications. Short, even if repeated, separations from the mother (Handling protocol) induce habituation to a relatively low stressing environment, enhancing the capability of the subject to face new stressful situations. By contrast, the disruption of the infant attachment bond (RCF protocol) is associated to a modification in the respiratory response to high CO2 in breathing air, an endophenotype these animals share with PD patients. The disruption of infant-mother bond in RCF animals suggested by the enhanced separation anxiety at 8 days age supports the relation between SAD and PD already suggested in literature. In addition the CO2 reactivity showed by these animals represents a useful tool to study PD in pre-clinical research.
Molecular alterations found in RCF animals (experiment 2a) supported the involvement of acid-base balance dysregulation in development of CO2 hypersensitivity. Indeed RCF animals showed a higher expression in ASIC1 gene that codifies for acid sensing ion channels. These channels are sensitive to lower levels of pH being able to detect changes in CO2 concentration in the body and adjust the respiratory function to receive enough O2 not to compromise biological processes. Molecular investigations in addition revealed alterations in GABAergic transmission in RCF animals supporting the idea of an involvement of this neurotransmitter in the development of PD. RCF animals showed an increased expression of Dbi which is an inhibitor of GABAergic transmission. These molecular findings have provided indications suggesting that a possible rescue treatment for PD patients should consist in reducing CO2 hypersensitivity. Lowering of this increased respiratory response to modest increase in CO2 could reduce the negative feeling associated to condition, reducing the conditioning potentiality that favor the development of panic disorder, after repeated panic attacks.
The use of benzodiazepine such as chlordiazepoxide was able to restore the normal respiratory response to CO2 as well, giving pharmacological validation to RCF model. However, benzodiazepines have several contraindications, especially for chronic treatments and their sedative effect should also be taken into consideration. Even if I only present few data on the effects of chlorogenic acid and amiloride on RCF animals, I think these results are very interesting and need further and deeper evaluation. Both these compounds interacted with the pH sensitive channels (asics) and their administration was able to restore the respiratory response observed in control animals.
It is well known, that panic attacks are able to condition behaviors of PD patients. They indeed tend to avoid situations and places similar to those where a panic attack previously occurred. Similarly RCF animals showed, in experiment 3, behavioral conditioning to the situation previously paired with CO2 (tone exposure). It should be now explored whether RCF animals generalize the conditioned fear, suggesting how an initial panic attack can evolve into panic disorder in humans.
Finally RCF model demonstrated a transgenerational transmission of the respiratory endophenotype (experiment 4) supporting the hypothesis of gene-enviroment interplay role to predisposition to panic disorder (Spatola et al., 2011). The epigenetic mechanisms responsible for this trans-generational transmission are under investigation as well as possible strategies to prevent this phenomenon.
In conclusion, the Repeated Cross-Fostering protocol seems a valid mouse model of Panic Disorder in humans: RCF mice show typical features of this disorder such as separation anxiety during childhood, CO2 hypersensitivity and CO2 conditioned and avoidance behaviors. Acid sensing ion channels are interesting molecular markers which can be used as new targets for pharmacological treatments and can help to explain hyper-responsiveness to CO2 in PD patients as well.
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Carriere, Keumhee Chough. "Statistical issues for repeated measures data in the presence of treatment effects." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21601201.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-188).
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CHEN, SHAO-TSU, and 陳紹祖. "Dimethylglycine and Betaine Modulate the Behavioral Deficits Induced by Repeated Ketamine Treatment." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dt2p44.
Full textAbstract:
博士慈濟大學
藥理暨毒理學碩士班/博士班
107
Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), is used for many clinical diseases and recreational purpose. Recently, ketamine in subanesthetic doses has proved to be effective in the treatment of depression. However, repeated ketamine exposure induced schizophrenia-like symptoms both in humans and animal. Dimethylglycine and betaine are partial agonists of glycine binding site of NMDARs. They produce an antidepressant-like effect but not psychotomimetic effects. This study was to evaluate the modulatory effects of dimethylglycine and betaine on behavioral deficits induced by repeated ketamine exposure in mice. In experiment 1, a mouse model of repeated ketamine exposure was build up and the behavioral deficits induced by ketamine were characterized. In experiment 2, the protective effects of dimethylglycine/betaine on behavioral deficits associated with repeated ketamine exposure by combined treatment of dimethylglycine/betaine and ketamine were evaluated. In experiment 3, the therapeutic effects of dimethylglycine/betaine by chronic dimethylglycine/betaine treatment following repeated ketamine exposure were assessed. The result showed that administration of ketamine 20 mg/kg twice per day for 14 days could induce schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. Combined treatment with dimethylglycine/betaine attenuated the persistent deficits induced by repeated ketamine treatment. Chronic dimethylglycine/betaine administration after repeated ketamine exposure also reversed the behavioral deficits. These findings suggest that the adverse effects induced by ketamine during the depression and pain-control treatment can be eliminated by DMG/betaine co-treatment. In addition, dimethylglycine/betaine used alone or adjunct to antipsychotics for schizophrenic symptoms is worth further study.
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"Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Repeated D2-like Agonist Treatment on Prepulse Inhibition." Doctoral diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.17790.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Patients with schizophrenia have deficits in sensorimotor gating, the ability to gate out irrelevant stimuli in order to attend to relevant stimuli. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is a reliable and valid model of sensorimotor gating across species. Repeated D2-like agonist treatment alleviates prior PPI deficits in rats, termed a PPI recovery, and is observable 28 days after treatment. The aim of the current project is to illuminate the underlying mechanism for this persistent change of behavior and determine the clinical relevance of repeated D2-like agonist treatment. Our results revealed a significant increase in Delta FosB, a transcription factor, in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) 10 days after repeated D2-like agonist treatment. Additionally, we investigated if Delta FosB was necessary for long-lasting PPI recovery and discovered a bilateral infusion of dominant-negative Delta JunD prevented PPI recovery after repeated D2-like agonist treatment. To further develop the underlying mechanism of PPI recovery, we observed that dominant negative mutant cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response biding element protein (CREB) prevented repeated D2-like agonist-induced Delta FosB expression in the NAc. We then compared our previous behavioral and intracellular findings to the results of repeated aripiprazole, a novel D2-like partial agonist antipsychotic, to determine if repeated D2-like receptor agonist action is a clinically relevant pharmacological approach. As compared to previous PPI recovery and Delta FosB expression after repeated D2-like agonist treatment, we found similar PPI recovery and Delta FosB expression after repeated aripiprazole treatment in rats. We can conclude that repeated D2-like agonist treatment produces persistent PPI recovery through CREB phosphorylation and Delta FosB, which is necessary for PPI recovery. Furthermore, this pharmacological approach produces behavioral and intracellular changes similar to an effective novel antipsychotic. These findings suggest the underlying intracellular mechanism for sustained PPI recovery is clinically relevant and may be a potential target of therapeutic intervention to alleviate sensorimotor gating deficits, which are associated with cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Psychology 2013
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Gao, Ming-Shiung, and 高銘祥. "The Repeat Heat Treatment of Austempered Ductile Iron." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77461628721543139363.
Full text
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Kuo, Dong-Yih, and 郭東益. "Role of Cerebral Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the Anorectic Action Induced by Repeated Treatment of Amphetamine." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65721836176252847733.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
基礎醫學研究所
91
Amphetamine (AMPH) is known as an anorectic agent. Cerebral neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an appetite stimulant. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether cerebral NPY is involved in the anorectic action of AMPH. Rats given with AMPH produced an anorectic effect and a reduction of hypothalamic NPY contents. This reduction of NPY was also observed in the area of hypothalamic PVN by the immunocytochemical staining. These results revealed that cerebral NPY was involved in AMPH anorexia. However, rats given repeatedly with AMPH produced a reversion of food intake to normal (tolerant anorexia). Cerebral NPY was also involved in the induction of tolerant anorexia, due to (1) the reversion of hypothalamic NPY content was observed in rats with tolerant anorexia and (2) the induction of tolerant anorexia was inhibited by NPY antisense injected into brain and was promoted in transgenic mice with NPY over expression. Changes of NPY content by AMPH treatment were related to the cerebral released dopamine (DA) that co-activated D1 and D2 receptors. This was obtained from the facts that: (1) both D1 and D2 blockers inhibited AMPH-induced anorexia; (2) AMPH-induced tolerant anorexia was attenuated by a-methyl-p-tyrosine, the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, but was increased by nomifensine, the DA reuptake inhibitor; (3) repeated treatment of D1/D2 agonists, but not D1 or D2 agonist alone, induced AMPH-like anorectic action; and (4) NPY over expression in mice reduced the D1/D2 agonist-induced anorexia. AMPH-induced tolerant anorexia was not related with the changes by plasma insulin, leptin, glucose and glucocorticoid. Plasma insulin, leptin or glucose remained no change during AMPH repeated treatment. The anorectic action of AMPH in adrenolectomized rats was the same as that of sham-operated control indicating there was no involvement of plasma glucocorticoid. In conclusion, it is suggested that cerebral NPY is involved in both the anorectic action and the tolerant anorexia induced by AMPH depending on the cerebral release of DA that can co-activate D1 and D2 receptors.
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Filmalter, Rudi. "The effect of repeated post weld heat treatment on the mechanical properties of ASTM A302 grade B." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20098.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built
Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering.
Johannesburg 2015Erosion-corrosion on ash lock internal surfaces means that these equipment are continuously refurbished through weld build-up, followed by post weld heat treatment (PWHT). The deterioration of mechanical properties of the ash locks after numerous PWHT cycles has been a concern. A graphical prediction model based on experimental work on this material grade has been derived previously to predict the mechanical properties after a number of PWHT cycles. The validity of the model was, however, questioned. Ash lock, 210AL-3401, was scrapped for the purpose of testing the effect of several PWHT cycles on the mechanical properties and microstructure to determine whether the current model is valid or needs to be optimised. Test samples of the ASTM A 302 Grade B manganese-molybdenum material were cut from the shell and top dome parent metal and shell-to-dome weld of the test ash lock and subjected to a number of additional simulated PWHT cycles with holding times ranging from 2 to 100 hours. This was followed by mechanical testing, i.e. tension -, hardness - and Charpy V-notch impact testing, in accordance with SA-370, and metallographic examination after each PWHT cycle. Test results showed that actual measured tensile properties for the shell and dome samples were generally higher than what was predicted by the current model and, similar to hardness, followed an overall downward trend with increasing PWHT cycles for the shell, dome and weld. Impact toughness for the shell and dome was mostly above the minimum required values, but after 100 hours of additional PWHT impact toughness was below the minimum required values when tested at 0°C and above minimum required values when tested at higher temperatures. Impact toughness for the shell-to-dome weld showed an overall increase with increasing PWHT. Metallographic examination showed an overall increase in quantity and size of molybdenum carbides and spheroidisation of the cementite phase for the shell and dome samples with increasing PWHT. Significant coarsening of the carbides together with an increase in the level of spheroidisation resulted in a rapid decrease in tensile properties and impact toughness with increasing PWHT. Similar effects were observed on the microstructure of the weld samples, but no significant effect on impact toughness was observed.