Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Répartition optimale de la puissance'
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Alex, Ansu. "Tidal stream energy integration with green hydrogen production : energy management and system optimisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMC216.
Full textThe overarching aim of this thesis is to design, implement and compare different energy management strategies and optimisation approaches for a hybrid system involving floating tidal stream energy integration with green hydrogen production. Towards reaching the objectives, the individual system components are modelled initially. The annual system performance capabilities of the tidal stream energy plant are then obtained using frequently occurring daily profiles at the Fall of Warness berth in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. The transitionary operating modes of two polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser units, when subjected to the energy from the tidal stream plant are analysed based on a rule-based approach energy management strategy. Later, a preliminary evaluation of the hydrogen production cost is assessed based on different daily hydrogen demand and daily tidal profile conditions. Further, an optimisation approach with the objective to maximise the system operating profit ensuring optimal and sufficient operations of both the electrolyser units under real system constraints, is formulated with priority for tidal energy powered hydrogen production. The optimisation problem is solved using a genetic algorithm based on the mixed integer non-linear problem. A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis based on fixed-variable costs and levelised costs factors is performed to analyse the optimal techno-enviro-economic operation of a hybrid grid connected tidal-wind-hydrogen energy system. The outcomes are compared against the rule-based approach results. The annualised profits in the optimisation approach are estimated to be 41.5% higher compared to the rule-based approach. Further, from an environmental view, the best optimisation results are approximately 47% higher than the rule-based approach results in terms of carbon emission reductions. A dynamic electrolyser capable of working at twice of its nominal power rating for limited duration, resulted particularly advantageous when coupled with tidal energy which is cyclic in nature with predictable periods of high and low power generation. Finally, it was determined that the fixed cost (FC) optimisation approach is relatively simple in terms of cost estimation. On the contrary, while the levelised cost (LC) approach yields slightly better results, it necessitates a greater prior knowledge of system operations to reasonably estimate the cost factors. The proposed method can be used as a generic tool for electrolytic hydrogen production analysis under different contexts, with preferable application in high green energy potential sites with constrained grid facilities
Baroche, Thomas. "Marchés pair-à-pair de l’électricité dans les réseaux électriques." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ENSR0022.
Full textThe deployment of distributed energy resources, combined with a more proactive demand side management and energy management systems, is inducing a new paradigm in power system operation and electricity markets. Within a consumercentric market framework, peer-to-peer approaches have gained substantial interest. Peer-to-peer markets rely on multi-bilateral negotiation among all agents to match supply and demand. These markets can yield a complete mapping of exchanges onto the grid, hence allowing to rethink market–grid interactions.This thesis treats three main challenges which needs to be overcome before considering real world implementations: (i) scalability to host a growing number of distributed users and resources, (ii) compatibility with grid constraints, and (iii) resilience to stochastic power injections. After a complexity analysis, scalability of peer-topeer markets and the proposed negotiation mechanism to solve them is enhanced by three improvements reducing algorithmic and structural complexities. Feasibility of the peer-to-peer electricity market is eventually obtained with the use of network charges. Two approaches are proposed to handle these network charges. The first, exogenous, requires the system operator to provide them a priori before negotiations start. In the second, the system operator updates network charges endogenously at each iteration to better account for the current grid status. Finally, power forecasts of stochastic agents are taken in a more comprehensive way by the developpement of peer-to-peer market on both energy and capacities, used to restore power balance in case of misdipatch due to forecast errors
Laplante, Jean-Yves. "La répartition optimale de l’espace tablette entre les marques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9011.
Full textSetti, Larbi. "Modélisation de fours microondes à répartition de puissance imposée." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT016H.
Full textOmbede, Guy André. "Analyse de la compliance par Répartition de Puissance Robot : environnement." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0115.
Full textManufacturing tasks required mechanical interaction with the environment or the object being manipulated. In constrained maneuvers, the interaction forces must be accommodated rather than resisted. It is compliant motion theory. A lot of methods have been suggested to solve these requirements. In the axis inherent in this research, energizing considerations are not taken into account in the global system which involves the robot and his environment during task execution. In this thesis, we modelize the interaction in terms of power waves flowing between the robot and the environment. After describing the couple robot environment as a Norton circuit, we use the Scattering approach to analyze the exchanged powers in the circuit then this approach is used to choose the best parameters of the controller which ensure the maximum transfer of average power from robot to environment. The impedance of robot is matched to the impedance of environment
Petrichenko, Dmitry. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la conception optimale des turbo-alternateurs de faible puissance." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346766.
Full textRossi, Mathieu. "Conception optimale et multi-physique de composants passifs de puissance exploités dans le domaine ferroviaire." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917884.
Full textAvrillon, Stéphane. "Optimisation des performances des terminaux de communication par répartition maîtrisée de la fonction de filtrage dans la chaîne d'émission HF." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153099.
Full textChampoussin, Olivier. "Contribution a l'analyse comportementale du couplage robot-environnement par une approche en transfert et répartition de puissance." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0068.
Full textIn the robotics industrials applications we need more and more sophisticated tasks. The compliant motion control of robot in contact with the environment is an important research subject. The performances of such cinematically closed loop system are depending of the robot, the environment and the link interaction in function of the system energy exchanged. First we give an energetic point of view of the robot coupled with the environment in contact tasks. Indeed, the study of the used power is strongly useful all the more the robot and the environment have energetic stage (structural stiffness). Next we studied the stiffness of robot joints. In order to do this we put under the light the static stiffness of two different robot type: PUMA 560 and Adept One (SCARA). The power transfer from the power supply of the robot to the load (robot coupled to the environment) is analysed using the scattering power waves. The different parts of the system (robot, corrector-actuator and environment) are modeled in the impedance model, in order to define the power scattering matrix of the system. Now we can determine a power transfer coefficient between the source and the load and an ellipsoid of power transfer which can establish the control and regulation power optimal directions (major and minor axes). Finally, the simulations and the experiments on a tow axes SCARA robot in contact with the environment validate the optimal power transfer between source (power supply of the robot) and load (robot coupled to the environment). So we put into the light the interest of the power transfer and scattering approach in the study of the dynamic comportment of the linkage
Lajoinie, Jérôme. "Contribution à la conception optimale en terme de linéarité et consommation des amplificateurs de puissance en fonctionnement multiporteuses." Limoges, 2000. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/db9f1c38-f96b-4798-9ae8-94e63c48d9fb/blobholder:0/2000LIMO0007.pdf.
Full textThe signals used in modern telecommunication systems are very complex in the sense that multicarrier signals, digitally modulated and spread spectrum signals are required. The main characteristic of these signals is their time variant envelope. To characterize the linearity of power amplifiers used in these systems, one of the criterions, which is essential today is the NPR (Noise Power Ratio). After the description of the means of power amplifier characterizations under CW and multicarrier operations as well as CAD tools, an in depth study of the multicarrier linearity factor used (the NPR) is undertaken. A design method for power amplifier in terms of linearity and consumption was developed. This method is based on the optimisation of a new specific figure of merit (C/(N+I)=f(Pdc/N) which directly integrates the total signal to noise ratio of the system in a joint optimization of consumption and NPR. A systematic study of the optimal loading impedance and the operation classes of amplifiers is performed. One shows the interest of taking into account load and source impedances at the 2nd harmonic. The new design methodology is applied to the realization of two amplifiers optimized in linearity and consumption. An experimental checking validates the successive steps of the design. A complete characterization on a NPR measurement set-up of the two produced amplifiers is presented
Nébus, Jean-Michel. "Système automatique de caractérisation des quadripoles non linéaires microondes : application à la conception optimale d'amplificateurs et d'oscillateurs de puissance." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO4001.
Full textFERRIGNO, Sandie. "Un test d'adéquation global pour la fonction de répartition conditionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008559.
Full textl'on doit valider pour justifier son utilisation. Dans ce travail, on propose une approche globale où toutes les hypothèses faites pour asseoir ce modèle sont testées simultanément.
Plus précisément, on construit un test basé sur une quantité qui permet de canaliser toute l'information liant X à Y : la fonction de répartition conditionnelle de Y sachant (X = x) définie par F(y|x)=P(Y<=y|X=x). Notre test compare la valeur prise par l'estimateur polynômial local de F(y|x) à une estimation paramétrique du modèle supposé et rejette sa
validité si la distance entre ces deux quantités est trop grande. Dans un premier temps, on considère le cas où la fonction de répartition supposée est entièrement spécifiée et, dans
ce contexte, on établit le comportement asymptotique du test. Dans la deuxième partie du travail, on généralise ce résultat au cas plus courant en pratique où le modèle supposé contient un certain nombre de paramètres inconnus. On étudie ensuite la puissance locale du test en déterminant son comportement asymptotique local sous des suites d'hypothèses contigües. Enfin, on propose un critère de choix de la fenêtre d'ajustement qui intervient lors de l'étape d'estimation polynômiale locale de la fonction de répartition conditionnelle.
Delaporte, Philippe. "Etude de la répartition d'énergie dans un faisceau laser XeCL de grande puissance moyenne et à taux de répétition élevé." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30107.
Full textTalbert, Thierry. "Phénomènes électromagnétiques dans les condensateurs à géométries non symétriques : modèles de répartition de courant, d'inductance et problèmes inverses." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20200.
Full textBedier, Mohammed. "Circuits d’interface intégrés sur silicium pour une gestion optimale de la puissance dans les récupérateurs d’énergie vibratoire à transduction capacitive." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066376/document.
Full textVibrational energy is an attractive power source for self-powered wireless sensors. A mainstream harvesting technique for vibrational energy is electrostatic MEMS harvesters. Various circuit architectures have already been introduced with many successful implementation, yet a load interface that efficiently manages the harvested energy has rarely been reported. In this work a load interface is proposed which is suited for any condition circuit (CC) implementing rectangular QV cycles. In general, a rectangular QV conditioning circuit has an optimum interval of which the energy harvested is maximised, thus the harvested energy should be periodically removed to maintain maximising the harvested energy. This is achieved through the load interface (LI). The LI proposed is a switched inductor capacitive architecture with a LI controller allowing the extraction of the energy in a multiple energy shot fashion. The LI controller incorporate an ultra low power clock for switching events and low power comparator for switching decision. Power consumption is reduced by operating at a low supply voltage (1.1V). The LI is implemented in AMS0.35HV technology with a mixed high voltage-low power control blocks. It takes into account the harvester operation to maximise its extracted energy. It overcomes the constrained limited biasing power, tackles resistive losses and power handling transistor long channels by transferring the energy in a multiple shots fashion. A CMOS implementation is proposed along with simulation results showing an average consumed power of the controller less than 100nW allowing the system to operate with input power levels as low as few hundreds of nano-watts
Cantegrel, Martin. "Vers une conception optimale des chaînes de traction ferroviaire." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794532.
Full textBarberousse, Frédéric. "Caractérisation des dispositifs hyperfréquences : schéma équivalent, facteur de bruit et impédance optimale de bruit." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20110.
Full textKauffmann, Claude. "Conception et optimisation d'une alimentation de puissance pour fauteuil roulant électrique : un microcontrôleur régit la commande optimale qui s'adapte au handicap." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL021N.
Full textKamoun, Anas. "Contribution à la répartition dynamique des tâches entre opérateur et calculateur pour la supervision des procédés automatisés." Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0ec201b4-4963-4d88-bfc0-ae94c6c230e2.
Full textDuchesne, Cyrille. "Contribution à l'étude de la gradation de potentiel dans les modules de puissance haute tension." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1518/.
Full textIn railway applications, the increase of the power density leads to the development of more and more integrated inverters. This integration is only possible if each component has its own well-established design rule. Regarding the insulating materials, a wide characterisation of the different materials ensuring the packaging functions is all the more necessary that it may lead to a better understanding of their failure mechanisms. This last point will become crucial if the actual trend (decrease of the module size and increase of the component voltage level) is extended. Electrical stress grading inside the module appears therefore as a key issue to ensure the integrity of the systems. This work is a contribution to stress grading effect and different solutions are examined in details. Among others, we focus particularly on hybrid materials and floating potential conductive lines. Various tools are used and developed both from a theoretical and from a practical point of view to achieve this characterization. Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to predict the stress distribution in the structure under study. Materials presenting non-linear I(V) characteristics are characterised and their results are discussed in details. Alternative methods are also proposed to characterise them directly through the measurement of the potential distribution (thanks to a Kelvin probe) and indirectly via Partial Discharge measurements. Then, a stress grading method using floating potential conductive lines inspired by guard rings and field limiting plates is proposed. An optimisation of the structure thanks to FEM method and through a dielectric characterisation using partial discharge and dielectric strength measurements is achieved
Zabre, Sidkièta. "Amplification non-linéaire d’un multiplex de porteuses modulées à fort facteur de crête." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S014.
Full textChang, Christophe. "Amélioration de modèles électroniques de composants de puissance de type TBH ou pHEMT et application à la conception optimale de modules actifs pour les radars." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5fec2f46-031b-4a93-a973-c549d321946d/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0014.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is the development of an operational tool integrating an electrothermal model in a circuit simulation environment. In order to make it available in an industrial context, this tool is based on two commercial simulators : a 3D thermal simulator (ANSYS) and a circuit simulator (ADS provided by Agilent). The first step of the method consists in the generation of a precise thermal component model described in the finite element simulator. Then a reduction process developed by the IRCOM (Institut de Recherches en Communications Optiques et Microondes, France) and associated with the ANSYS reduction technique, are used to obtain a reduced thermal model compatible with circuit simulators such as ADS. Finally, this model coupled with a non-linear electrical model, allows designers to deal with precise electrothermal simulations of high power circuits or actives modules. Moreover, the thermal model can take into account the non-linear behavior of the thermal conductivity of the component's materials and can be applied for steady state or transient analyses
Chéron, Jérôme. "Méthode d'encapsulation optimale d'une technologie HEMT GaN pour la conception d'amplificateurs large bande à forte puissance et haut rendement destinés aux applications radars en bande S." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b9607ad9-db5a-4302-8d68-2ee8d6236242/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4010.pdf.
Full textRadar applications require more performances in terms of high efficiency, wideband and output power in order to minimize power consumption, system size and cooling. Henceforth, HEMT GaN transistor is the most suitable technology for high power requirements of radar applications in S-Band. The aim of this thesis is to propose a new methodology for power bar packaging in order to overcome usual design techniques that limit both efficiency and wideband performances. Thus, a package design was optimized to obtain an optimal behaviour of the HEMT GaN power bar and to ensure high efficiency on wide bandwidth. Optimized packaged power bars were realized demonstrating 60% PAE with 50 W output power on 25% bandwidth in S-band (around 3. 2 GHz). The robustness of these amplifiers was highlighted. They can withstand very high SWR at the harmonic frequencies without any change in performance. Moreover, dimensions of these optimized packaged power bars are lower than 0. 7 cm²
Wu, Zhenwei. "Conception optimale d'un entraînement électrique pour la chaîne de traction d'un véhicule hybride électrique : Co-conception des machines électriques, des convertisseurs de puissance et du réducteur planétaire." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838732.
Full textGiraud, Xavier. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception optimale des réseaux de distribution d'électricité dans les aéronefs." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955887.
Full textJoubert, Charles. "Etude des phénomènes électromagnétiques dans les condensateurs à films métallisés - nouvelle génération de condensateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002565.
Full textPar ailleurs, les modèles élaborés ont permis de mettre en évidence l'influence des paramètres géométriques sur les performances des condensateurs, en particulier en haute fréquence. Ainsi, de nouvelles structures - plates et annulaires - permettent de minimiser les impédances propres des bobinages. L'efficacité des condensateurs de découplage peut aussi être améliorée grâce à des connexions appropriées et l'utilisation de conducteurs symétriques réduit les échauffements.
Durand, Guillermo. "Tests multiples et bornes post hoc pour des données hétérogènes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS289/document.
Full textThis manuscript presents my contributions in three areas of multiple testing where data heterogeneity can be exploited to better detect false null hypotheses or improve signal detection while controlling false positives: p-value weighting, discrete tests, and post hoc inference. First, a new class of data-driven weighting procedures, incorporating group structure and true null proportion estimators, is defined, and its False Discovery Rate (FDR) control is proven asymptotically. This procedure also achieves power optimality under some conditions on the proportion estimators. Secondly, new step-up and step-down procedures, tailored for discrete tests under independence, are designed to control the FDR for arbitrary p-value null marginals. Finally, new confidence bounds for post hoc inference (called post hoc bounds), tailored for the case where the signal is localized, are studied, and the associated optimal post hoc bounds are derived with a simple algorithm
Clemençon, Michel. "Fonction musculaire et performances fonctionnelles de la personne âgée." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10312/document.
Full textThis work has focused on the study of factors that explain the functionals performances of the lower limbs of the elderly. In a first study we showed that the maximum power (Pmax) and its component called the optimal speed (Vopt) obtained during a test of force-velocity of the knee extensors, are important determinants of functional performance elderly evaluated on three tests: walking on 6m, sit to stand 5 times from a chair and climbing 5 stairs. The more a person has a high Pmax and Vopt, the more its performance during functional tests will be. In addition, Vopt is considered an indirect assessment of the percentage of fast fibers; subjects with the highest values of Vopt are best performers during functional tests. The second study measured and compared the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the quadriceps when tested for isometric maximum voluntary contraction (IMVC), determination of maximum power and functional tests mentioned above. Measurement of EMG signal during these tests was used to determine to what extent the type of task induced a maximum activation or not. Older people show a greater ability to activate their quadriceps muscles when tested for concentric contraction rather than isometric or eccentric contractions. Tests using the IMVC compared to tests for determining the power, sit-tostand and stairs climbing would not be the most appropriate tests to measure the maximum neuromuscular activation capacity in the elderly. From these results improved testing of the elderly and guidelines for rehabilitation are proposed
GIMENEZ, JOSE-LUIS. "Contribution a la decomposition de systemes interconnectes par programmation dynamique non serielle : application a des systemes de puissance." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30049.
Full textDjebarri, Sofiane. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la conception optimale de génératrices à aimants permanents pour hydroliennes." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0012/document.
Full textThe improvements of marine current turbines drive train are key features to ensure safe operation and to make tidal energy resource cost-attractive. In this context, eliminating mechanical systems that demand high-level of maintenance can be an interesting way to improve the global behavior of tidal turbines. For that purposes, the presented studies focus on design methodologies and concepts of direct-driven generators associated with fixed-pitch turbines. The proposed designs are based on multiphysics models of the generator that are integrated in an optimization process taking into account the drive train environment. For these reasons, several models have been integrated into a global design strategy in order to find solutions that improve marine current turbines performances. This strategy is based on the use of an optimization process that combines electromagnetic model, thermal model, turbine performances model, and tidal resource velocity profile. This methodology integrates also an efficient control strategy based on a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach at low tidal speed and a flux-weakening power limitation control at high tidal speed. This control at high tidal velocities is in this work achieved by considering only the generator electrical control without using blade pitching systems. The obtained results highlight trends that could lead to an improvement of the design and they help designers to set relevant technological choices in order to ensure significant cost reduction and highly improve the reliability of marine current turbines
Laval, Mader Nathalie. "La compétence du juge judiciaire en matière administrative par détermination de la loi." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10024.
Full textFor the past two centuries French legislators have transferred to the court judge a number of administrative disputes. The problem is to decide whether these transfers are simple exceptions to the traditional repartition of competence or if they herald an evolution tending to widen the competence of the court judge. This study's aim is to answer two questions : 1) in administrative matters what is the extent of the court judge's competence. 2) What are the repercussions of this evolution. In a juridical, ideological, political context which is evolving the acceleration of statutory changes raises the following questions : 1) will it not weaken the traditional french jurisdictional duality. 2) will it not endanger the legality of rulings in administrative matters and thus remove administrative cases from the administrative courts. This devolution of competence is nevertheless counterbalanced by the specific and irreducible competence of the administrative judge in French law when the prerogatives of public power are fully exercised
Ghennam, Tarak. "Supervision d'une ferme éolienne pour son intégration dans la gestion d'un réseau électrique, Apports des convertisseurs multi niveaux au réglage des éoliennes à base de machine asynchrone à double alimentation." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708171.
Full textBeye, Mamadou Lamine. "Etude et contribution à l’optimisation de la commande des HEMTs GaN." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI102.
Full textThis thesis is part of the sustainable development context where the energy challenges rely on designing numerous and lumped power converters with good power density and high efficiency. New power semiconductor devices, namely wide band semiconductors (GaN, SiC) are used in designing the converters. The high frequency control of these converters makes the system more sensitive to parasitic elements. The latter elements disrupt the switching behavior of the transistors and generate additional losses. In this context this work was carried out in a cotutelle partnership between Ampère Laboratory in Villeurbanne and LN2 laboratory at the University of Sherbrooke; the aim being to make a contribution in optimizing the switching conditions of GaN HEMTs. The first work axis consists in managing the voltage and current switching speed through gate control strategies in order to improve the conducted EMI. Firstly, most of the proposed control circuits are developed in open-loop and then secondly in closed-loop in order to compensate the effects of non-linearities (with respect to temperature, load current and operating voltage). Concerning the development of control systems, it can be done first by the use of available discrete components, then by the alternative of the monolithic GaN integration which is considered in order to bring more speed and efficiency. Monolithic integration would also solve the problem of parasitic inductances. To facilitate the design of integrated circuits and control systems, the development of a behavioral model of HEMT GaN will serve as a modeling tool. The second axis of the work consists in experimentally validating well-adapted control system for the gate of the power transistor in order to master the transient behaviors of the power transistors. Namely it is necessary to allow a satisfying management of losses during dead time in a half bridge converter. At the end of this work, the control systems developed in open loop made it possible to slow the switching speeds by at least 30 % but causing an increase in switching losses up to 50% in some cases. Due to the fast switching speed of HEMT GaNs and the limitations of discrete components on the market, the reduction rate of switching speeds obtained with the closed loop (reduction rate less than 20%) is less attractive than that of the open loop. Using a monolithic circuit can be an alternative to increase the rate of reduction of closed loop switching speeds. SPICE simulation toward monolithic circuit are the basis of this hypothesis. Concerning the second axis, the application of multilevel gate voltage control of the transistors of half bridge made it possible to reduce the losses of reverse conduction and the losses due to the phenomena of Cross Talk by at least by 30 %
Sohtsinda, Hermann. "Approche conjointe canal et amplificateur d'émission pour l'allocation dynamique de puissance dans les systèmes MIMO-OFDM." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2260/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the optimization of multimedia transmissions in MIMO-OFDM systems by jointly taking into account the power amplifier non-linearity and the wireless channel distortions. The OFDM modulation generates a high peak fluctuation, measured by the PAPR, which is affected by the RF non-linearity such as the power amplifier, reducing the transmission quality. We first propose a new method to improve the Tone Reservation method performances in terms of PAPR reduction gain and convergence speed, by including the samples of the Guard Interval Signal in the optimization algorithm. Simulations results using a power amplifier model with memory effects and a radio channel based on a realistic propagation model show that the new method offers the better performances, while respecting the IEEE 802.11a spectrum mask. Secondly, we propose to study the impact of power amplifier nonlinearity on the transmission of scalable image contents over a precoded Closed-Loop MIMO-OFDM system. The simulations in a realistic context, under the standard IEEE 802.11n standard show that the RF non-linearity affects the robustness against transmission errors and highly degrades the visual quality of the received JPWL images. Finally, we propose a new precoding strategy which jointly takes into account the power amplifier, the radio channel and the image content to be transmitted. This strategy successively allocates power between the SISO sub-channels obtained from the MIMO channel decomposition in order to maximize the visual quality of the received images, while reducing the total output power. Simulations with a realistic power amplifier model, associated with a realistic channel model show that this new strategy ensures a robust transmission and improves the visual quality of the received images
Denis, Guillaume. "Les nouvelles stratégies de contrôle d’onduleurs pour un système électrique 100% interfacé par électronique de puissance." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0020/document.
Full textIn the context of renewable energy and HVDC links development in power systems, the present work concerns the technical operations of such systems. As wind power, solar photovoltaics and HVDC links are interfaced to the transmission grid with power-electronics, can the system be operated in the extreme case where the load is fed only through static converters?Driving a power system only based on power electronic interfaced generation is a tremendous change of the power system paradigm that must be clearly understood by transmission grid operators. The traditional “grid-feeding” control strategy of inverters exhibits a stability limit when their proportion becomes too important. The inverter control strategy must be turned into a “parallel grid-forming” strategy.This thesis first analyses the power system needs, proposes the requirements for “parallel grid-forming” converters and describes the associated challenges. Accordingly, the thesis gives a method for designing a stable autonomous synchronization controls so that grid-forming sources can operate in parallel with a good level of reliability. Then, a method is proposed to design a voltage control for a grid-forming PWM source taking into account the limited dynamic of large converters. The robustness of the solution is discussed for different configuration of the grid topology. A current limiting strategy is presented to solve the current sensitivity issue of grid-forming converters, subject to different stressing events of the transmission grid. The ideas developed on a single converter are then applied on small grids with a limited number of converters to allow a physical interpretation on the simulation results
Diallo, Mamadou Lamarana. "Contribution aux techniques dites d'ajout de signal pour la Réduction du Facteur de Crête des signaux OFDM." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SUPL0005/document.
Full textOne of the main drawbacks of the OFDM modulation scheme is its high Peak-To-Average Power variation (PAPR) which can induce poor power efficiency at the transmitter amplifier. The digital base band pre-distortion for linearisation of power amplifier and the PAPR mitigation are the most commonly used solution in order to deals with efficiency and linearisation at the high power amplifier. This thesis is focused on the PAPR mitigation solution, and particularly on the adding signal based techniques. The proposed solutions in this report are about improving the Tone Reservation method which is the most popular adding signal based technique for PAPR mitigation, and also the classical clipping method which is the most simple method (in terms of computational complexity) actually
Nasreddine, Jad. "Allocation de ressources radios dans les systèmes UMTS à duplexage temporel." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S009.
Full textPischella, Mylène. "Allocation de ressources distribuée dans les réseaux OFDMA multi-cellulaires." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004978.
Full textAl, Ameri Ahmed. "Méthodes analytiques d'étude pour la diminution des pertes de puissance dans les réseaux électriques maillés en utilisant des techniques d'optimisation pour le dimensionnement et l'emplacement des générateurs décentralisés." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH06/document.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis aims at providing a strategic vision for the integration of distributed generators (DGs) into grid networks. This work focuses the optimal location of the connection point, dimensioning and type of production in order to maximize the benefits of DGs and minimize power losses in the networks. The work also concerns the impact of the variability of the load and the production in the planning and the operational management of the networks. First, algorithms have been developed for power flow studies in power systems using the Schur complement method and the "Run Length Encoding" method. Then, losses were estimated in the calculation of power output by developing a simple, efficient and flexible linear model. Subsequently, decentralized outputs connected to the electrical networks were modeled using a method that merges Kalman filters and graph theory in order to estimate the optimal size of decentralized production. A method which consists of two steps is proposed. In the first step, the graphical method is used to generate the incident matrix to construct the linear model and in the second step a Kalman algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal decentralized production size for each busbar. The challenges of using decentralized production have been addressed to minimize the objective function (real power losses) by taking into account the capacity of the decentralized productions, transmission line capacity and voltage profile constraints. The genetic algorithms and optimization techniques such as the method of interior points have been proposed to determine locally and globally the optimal dimensioning and the optimal location of the decentralized productions in the electrical networks. Finally, an active load model was designed to study different types of load curves (residential, commercial and industrial). We have also developed simulation algorithms to study the integration of wind farms in power grids. We have designed analytical methods to select the size and location of a wind farm, based on the reduction of active power losses. We have shown that variations in the mean annual wind speed could have a significant effect on the calculations of active power losses. Analytical methods and simulation algorithms were developed under Matlab / Simulink
Houas, Heykel. "Allocation de ressources pour la transmission de données multimédia scalables." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/09CERG0430.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the resources allocation for the transmission of scalable multimedia data under Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints on heterogeneous networks. We focus on wire and wireless links (DS-CDMA, OFDMA) with the transmission of images, speech over frequency and non frequency selective channels. Resources from the physical layer are addressed : channel code rates (to protect the data against the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio SNR), modulation orders, carriers ordering (to convey the layers) and the allocated power. The aim of this report is to allocate these parameters in order to maximize the source rate of the multimedia data under targeted QoS and system payload with a perfect or partial channel knowledge. The QoS is expressed in term of perceived quality from the End To end User and in term of Bit Error Rate per Class from the scalable source encoder. In a such context, we propose some link adaptation schemes whose novelty is to enable the truncation of the data layers. Moreover, these strategies make use of the sensivity to transmission errors and the channel state information to dynamically adapt the protection of the layers (Unequal Error Protection UEP) in accordance with the QoS requirements. These procedures explore multiple resources optimization criteria : the minimization of the system payload and the maximization of the robustness to the channel estimation error. For each one, we perform the optimal allocation (bit loading) of the previous parameters that maximize the source rate while ensuring the constraints of the receiver. We show that these schemes fit to any communication system and we present the performances and compare them to the State Of The Art procedures
Aimer, Younes. "Étude des performances d'un système de communication sans fil à haut débit." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2269.
Full textThe request of the users in terms of rate, coverage and quality of service is growing exponentially, with increasing demand for electrical energy, to ensure networks link. In this context, new waveforms based on the OFDM modulation become widely popular and used intensively in recent radio communications architectures. However, these signals are sensitive to the power amplifier nonlinearities because of their high envelope fluctuations characterized by a high PAPR, which degrades the energy consumption and the transmitter efficiency.In this thesis, we first began by a state art of the PAPR reduction techniques. This presentation allowed us to propose a new method based on interleaving and coding techniques. The first contribution consists on the use of the interleaving technique using null-subcarriers for the transmission of the side information, while respecting the frequency specifications of the used standard. The second one is based on the conjunction of the Shaping technique and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), with the aim of improving the performance of the system. Simulation results show that the use of these two techniques allows a significant gain in terms of PAPR reduction, which results in the improvement of the system efficiency. Finally, we presented an experimental study of the proposed techniques using an RF test bench with a commercial LDMOS 20 W PA, class AB operating at 3.7 GHz. The results obtained for the IEEE 802.11 standards show that the proposed approaches allow the transmission robustness and quality, while optimizing the power consumption
Ghennam, Tarak. "Supervision d’une ferme éolienne pour son intégration dans la gestion d’un réseau électrique, Apports des convertisseurs multi niveaux au réglage des éoliennes à base de machine asynchrone à double alimentation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0012/document.
Full textThis research work deals with two topics conditioning the large scale development of wind turbines into electrical grids. The first is devoted to the development of new algorithms for the control of Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) based wind energy conversion systems. Two direct current control strategies have been proposed and are based on the hysteresis square areas (HZCA) and hysteresis circular areas (HZCI). Both strategies apply an appropriate voltage vector to control the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid, and also, to balance the voltages of the inner DC bus converter. Simulation and experimental results show that the HZCI strategy is better than HZCA in terms of output voltage waveforms and harmonic contain.The second topic is dedicated to the active and reactive powers supervision in a wind farm in order to supply prescribed power references from the grid operator. This supervision is ensured by a centralized algorithm that distributes power references between wind turbines in a proportional way. These references are calculated according to the maximum production capacity of wind turbines. An analysis of the power flow in the DFIM based wind energy system has been made to identify the (P, Q) characteristic and to calculate limits in terms of reactive power compensation. The local power management of each wind system has been developed allowing the powers distribution between the stator of the DFIM and the grid side converter by considering several operating modes of the wind generator
Mounzer, Ralph. "New tone reservation PAPR reduction techniques for multicarrier systems." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0029/document.
Full textOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted by many telecommunication and broadcasting systems for its robustness, high transmission rates, mobility and bandwidth efficiency. However, OFDM signals are characterized by high power fluctuations, measured by the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which cause distortions at the output of the non-linear High Power Amplifier (HPA) and prevent the radio frequency designer to feed the signal at the optimal point of the HPA specifications in order to reduce the energy consumption. The second generation of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T2) adopted two PAPR reduction techniques, one of them is Tone Reservation (TR). TR creates a Kernel from a reserved set of subcarriers. The kernel is then iteratively added to the OFDM signal in such a way to reduce its peaks thus reducing its PAPR. In the first part of the thesis, different algorithms offering better performances compared to the DVB-T2 TR solution are proposed. A first group of solutions introduces changes and enhancements to the TR algorithm adopted in DVB-T2 TR but keeps the same kernel definition. This group includes: the Partial Oversampling and Fractional Shifted Kernels (POFSK) technique which is based on a partial oversampling of the signal, the Dynamic Threshold (DT) technique which allows better algorithm convergence by dynamically computing the PAPR reduction threshold for every OFDM symbol, and the Enhanced Peak Selection (EPS) technique which provides additional PAPR reduction by choosing the appropriate signal peaks to reduce and the peaks to skip. The second group of solutions includes the Individual Carrier Multiple Peaks (ICMP) technique which is based on a special kernel definition that changes from one algorithm iteration to another and uses a different phase calculation approach that allows the reduction of multiple peaks at a time. GICMP is an optimized version of ICMP that allows the parallelization of iterations in such a way to reduce the processing delay and the number of algorithm iterations. The simulation results and real hardware platform measurements of the proposed algorithms showed that, compared to the DVB-T2 TR version, the GICMP algorithm allows a Modulation Error Rate – MER gain of up to 2.5 dB or a 10 % reduction in HPA consumed energy with the same performances
Gulfo, monsalve Jorge. "GreenOFDM a new method for OFDM PAPR reduction : application to the Internet of Things energy saving." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT106.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the OFDM modulation and more particularly to its high PAPR problem.A solution for the reduction of the PAPRs, called GreenOFDM, is proposed. Its performance is analyzed and compared with two other techniques available in the literature, the achieved performance of GreenOFDM is very promising. The computational complexity of this technique is analyzed in order to achieve an efficient implementation on a programmable processor. Two methods are proposed to reduce the total number of operations of the GreenOFDM technique; their performance is obtained by computer simulations. We show how it is possible to considerably reduce the number of operations and to obtain an efficient digital implementation. In fine, to demonstrate the efficiency, the energy cost of implementing GreenOFDM in a programmable processor is analyzed and compared to the energy consumption of the analog part of the transmitter. A comparison in terms of energy consumption with other modulation techniques is also carried out
Neffati, Ahmed. "Stratégies de gestion de l'énergie électrique d'un système multi-source : décision floue optimisée pour véhicule électrique hybride." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2015/.
Full textThe energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (VHE) has been a major scientific effort in recent years. In addition, the power required in a (VHE) must be managed online within the constraints of charge and available energy. We are particularly interested in our work to the energy management of a hybrid vehicle, the problem is the instantaneous distribution of the electric power required through the two energy sources as much as possible by optimizing the overall consumption hydrogen on a given mission profile. We start in the first phase of study the characterization of mission profiles with the aim to find characterization tools that will help us to choose the laws of commands that are part of a process of energy management online. In the second study phase, energy strategies that rely on frequency management management techniques have been developed. Then we present a method for power management in line based on fuzzy rules, this method has been improved by the application of a method of fuzzy switching. This strategy leads the fuel cell to operate at best efficiency point. It has been verified that if this method is applied to an unknown online profile, the consumption obtained is near optimal
Blin, Nicolas. "Modélisation par techniques harmoniques pour la commande et le filtrage actif de systèmes commutés associés appliquée à l’actionnement électrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0058.
Full textThe main objective of this industrial PhD thesis is to contribute to the control of frequency phenomena within electrical networks. Systems are more and more complex and tend to generate harmonics and high dynamics. Their interconnection may be at the origin of resonance and harmonic pollution phenomena that are currently poorly contained, as well as harmonic instabilities. The selected approach consists in applying innovative harmonic modeling techniques. We define a formal framework in which the notions make sense and we propose a comprehensive methodology that unifies the literature approaches. The unified harmonic model describes the systems’ harmonic dynamics and couplings. Access to this knowledge paves the way for an improved control. Two suitable control schemes are proposed and we identify the conditions when synthesizing the harmonic controller. In addition, some tools for harmonic stability evaluation and optimal stabilizing control are presented. This new framework allows developing some control laws in the harmonic domain to control frequency phenomena. Finally, the doctoral work leads to the formal definition of a unified and comprehensive methodology for harmonic modeling and control of interconnected dynamic systems. The strategy is validated through simulations to model, analyze and control power converters, then in practice to an electrical drive chain for an aircraft engine
Yan, Xingyu. "Gestion énergétique sous incertitude : Application à la planification et à l'allocation de réserve dans un micro réseau électrique urbain comportant des générateurs photovoltaïques actifs et du stockage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0005/document.
Full textThe massive development of intermittent renewable energy technologies in power systems affects the operation of electrical systems. Due to technical limitations and investments needed to maintain the current electrical security level, issues related to dispatching, static and dynamic stability could stop the development of these distributed renewable energy sources (RES). The subject of the PhD is to develop a tool to study the uncertainties of PV power and load forecasting in an urban network. Firstly, the uncertainties are modeled by studying the uncertainty nature of PV power and load. With stochastic methods, the day-ahead operating reserve (OR) is quantified by taking into account an associated reliability risk index. Then the OR is dispatched into different power generators (active PV generators and micro gas turbines). To minimize the microgrid total operational cost and/or equivalent CO2 emissions, day-ahead optimal operational planning and dispatching of the OR into different power generators is implemented. Finally, a freeware “A User-friendly Energy Management System and Operational Planning Supervisor” is developed based on the Matlab GUI to conceptualize the overall system operation
Saavedra, Navarrete José Antonio. "Multidiffusion et diffusion dans les systèmes OFDM sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757636.
Full textScordia, Julien. "Approche systématique de l'optimisation du dimensionnement et de l'élaboration de lois de gestion d'énergie de véhicules hybrides." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145236.
Full textLe problème est d'utiliser de manière optimum par rapport à la consommation de carburant (et donc les émissions de CO2) l'énergie disponible dans la batterie. Cette optimisation est possible en utilisant au mieux les degrés de liberté de la chaîne de traction du véhicule (rapports de boîte par exemple), tout en satisfaisant la demande de puissance du conducteur.
Vial, Rémi. "Vers un dimensionnement optimal structure-commande de système multi-convertisseurs. : Application aux réseaux de tramways." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT114/document.
Full textOptimal design stucture-control of multi-converter systems. Application to a tramwaynetworkPower electronic is now widely used and allows better efficiency and performances. Wetalk about multi-converter to describe this complex system.Usually, to design this kind of system, engineers study each different part regardless ofpossible interactions. To avoid potential instability caused by this approximation, designershave to oversize input filter which lead to bulk solution.This thesis deals with system view use for design wide grid. A model is built automatically,and constraints are added, to take into account energy, dynamic and harmonicrequirements. Optimal and robust control are used to obtain the best design.This approach is used on a new power architecture for tramways, and allows a betterefficiency over operating cycle