Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réparation des mésappariement'
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Hernandez-Pigeon, Hélène. "Caractérisation de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation des protéines de la réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30191.
Full textSangar, Fatiha. "Étude fonctionnelle de SMAP1 : un nouveau gène à la croisée du trafic vésiculaire et de l’oncogenèse." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066121.
Full textTumours that are deficient in mismatch repair system accumulate numerous mutations throughout the genome in repeated sequences, called microsatellites. Genes that contain microsatellite in their sequence are target genes of microsatellite instability (MSI). The aim of my thesis was to determine the functional consequences of mutations occurring in a newly identified target gene of the MSI oncogenesis : SMAP1 (Small ArfGAP1), which encodes a protein of the ArfGAP (ADP ribosylation factor GTPase Activating Protein) family specific for Arf6, a protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and actin remodelling. SMAP1 mutations are specific for MSI tumours of various tissue origins and occur in its coding poly (A)10 microsatellite. SMAP1 mutations are especially frequent in MSI colorectal cancers (CRC), in which its mutation frequency decreases with tumour progression suggesting that tumours devoid of SMAP1 mutations are more invasive. Functional experiments allowed us to show that SMAP1 mutations lead to a defect in the fast recycling step of the transferrin receptor trafficking, to increased cell proliferation and to decreased invasiveness by maintaining the adherent junctions. Interestingly, our observations showing that SMAP1 mutations increase the proliferative potential but reduce the invasiveness of MSI CRC-derived cell lines may explain some of the MSI CRCs clinical features, notably their large size and low metastatic potential
Monnet, Jordan. "Single-molecule analysis of the mismatch repair initiation and excision steps in Escherichia coli from a mechanical and kinetic standpoint=." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077202.
Full textPostreplicative DNA mismatch repair is present in almost all organisme. Absence or failure of this system leads to mutator phenotype and, in humans, predisposition to cancer. In E. Coli the process is initiated by MutS that recognizes the mismatch and associates with an ATPase : MutL. Activation of the endonuclease MutH leads to nicking of the unmethylated single strand at the first hemymethylated 5'- GATC site (up to lkbp) close to the mismatch. Once the DNA is nicked, an helicase, UvrD, unwinds the DNA to extract and later excise the damaged strand to allow for its re-synthesis. In this PhD I propose a single-molecule analysis of the mismatch repair initiation and excision steps in Escherichia coli from a mechanical and kinetic standpoint. Using a single molecule technique, I have been able to show that a diffusion mechanism of proteins MutS and MutL from mismatch to a GATC site is the most likely, and to deciphe the mechanism by which UvrD is loaded at the nicking site to start the excision process
Borie, Claire. "Instabilité des microsatellites et cancers : recherche et description de ce phénotype tumoral dans les cancers du patient immunodéprimé." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077067.
Full textMSI cancers arise as a consequence of loss of fonction of the DNA Mismatch repair system ("MMR" System). Inactivation of this system results in accumulation of replication errors in the genome of these tumors, in particular in repetitive séquences of the DNA called microsatellites; these tumors are therefore called MSI for " Instable Microsatellite". MSI cancers are inherited diseases associated with familial the colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrom or HNPCC), and represent 15-20 % of sporadic colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancers. Recently, the MSI phenotype was reported in other sporadic cancers. In particular owing to the works realized in our laboratory; this phenotype was described in non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), but only in the NHL arising in an immuno-suppression context ( ID-RL), i. E. HIV-related or after organ transplantation. The objectives of my thesis were in this context: i) to specify the incidence of MSI in the ID-RL and establish the clinical and biological characteristics of these lymphomas compared with the other ID-RL (ID-RL not -MSI); ii) to search for a possible association between MSI and other frequent immuno-supression related tumoral types, e. G. In the squamous cell carcinomas cancers (ID-SCC) and the Kaposi's sarcomas (ID-KS). We established that the MSI phenotype is rarely observed in the ID-RL, representing 2-5 % of HIV-related NHL and approximately 10 % of PTLD. Briefly, MSI PTLD are characterized by their late occurrence after organ transplantation (median > 5 years), rare association with EBV (< 50 %), and frequent T phenotype (50 % of the PTLD T are MSI). MSI is significantly associated in these tumors after Azathioprine (Imurel) treatement. Further, loss of expression of the MMR proteins is heterogeneous in the ID-RL : MLH1, as well MSH2 or MSH6 can be involved. Loss of expression of O6 methyl guanine transferase (MGMT), a repair enzyme whose inactivation helps in selection of MMR deficient clones, was significantly associated with MSI in ID-RL. Finally, ID-RL MSI are characterized by few chromosomal rearangements and frequent mutations of the oncogene BRAF (Borie and al. , Int. J Cancer on 2010). My work involved the study of large series of tumors ID-RL, SCC and KS, to better understand the role of MSI in the oncogenetic process. Interestingly, I contributed to the identification of original clinical and molecular features of ID-RL MSI. Prospectives studies are needed to better define prognostic factors and therapeutic protocols of these tumors as compared with to the other ID-RL. This would be in particular interest, in PTLD-T. Following the example of what has been reported in other tumors, MSI could indeed be a factor to take into account in the treatment of these lymphomas
Laplante, Pierre. "Effect of MisMatch Repair Deficiency on metastasis occurrence modelized in a syngeneic mouse model." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL101.
Full textBackground: It is established that mismatch repair deficient (MMR-D), hypermutated and microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) is less prone to metastasis, and has worse prognosis after recurrence, than microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. The mechanisms behind both these phenomena are still elusive, mainly due to the lack of a good in vivo model of metastatic MSI cancer.Methods: We generated Msh2 knockouts in the luciferase expressing breast cancer cell line 4T1luc+. The MMR-D phenotype, an accumulation of point mutations genome-wide and insertion-deletion (indels) at microsatellite sites, was established by serial passages in vitro before orthotopic injection in the lower left mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice. Metastasis development was assessed through in vivo imaging of luciferase activity. Primary tumors of mice bearing metastasis, or not, were sequenced, and genomic and transcriptomic analysis were performed. Spectral flow cytometry of CD45+ cells was carried out on primary tumors, secondary site (lung tissue), bone marrow and blood before and after tumor engraftment, to characterize the different microenvironments.Results: A significant difference in metastasis occurrence was noted between the MSS and MSI tumor-bearing mice (100% vs 82.3%, p = 0.0456). Moreover, MSI metastatic mice exhibited less site-specific metastatic development compared to their MSS counterparts. Whole exome sequencing (WXS) revealed that tumor mutation burden (TMB, non-synonymous mutations/megabase), indels, and MSIscore (percentage of instable microsatellites) were elevated in the MSI tumors compared to MSS, but did not explain the difference in metastasis occurrence. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that MSS tumors express epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related programs, while MSI metastatic and MSI localized primary tumor were enriched in proliferative and immune related signatures, respectively. Interestingly, MSI metastatic tumor were uniquely enriched with a hybrid EMT signature, a marker of cancer aggressiveness. Furthermore, spectral cytometry uncovered MSI-specific populations of tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils (MSI-TAMs and MSI-TANs) at the primary tumor and metastatic sites. Finally, we discovered that MSI-TANs (but not MSI-TAMs) infiltration at secondary site predate metastatic development, and may participate in the creation of an MSI-specific pre-metastatic niche.Conclusion: We successfully developed a model of MSI metastatic cancer, recapitulating the hallmarks of the disease, namely elevated TMB, indels and MSIscore, as well as decreased metastatic potential. We have shown that metastatic development in our MSI model is associated with lower immune activity at the primary tumor, and that MSI metastatic tumors are enriched in proliferative and hybrid EMT signatures, that may explain the poor prognosis after recurrence in patients. At last, this model unveiled MSI-specific tumor-associated myeloid populations, and a potential MSI pre-metastatic niche. We provide here a model for fundamental and translational research on MSI metastatic disease, and provide insights on the crosstalk between metastasis development and the MSI phenotype
Dai, Jingqi. "Mécanisme moléculaire de l'endonucléase Mlh1-Mlh3 dans la voie de réparation des mésappariements de l’ADN et dans les processus de recombinaison en méiose." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS302.
Full textMeiosis is key process in sexual reproduction, where chromosomes are segregated. During this process, a parental diploid cell divides into haploid gametes. This mechanism requires connections between homologous chromosomes and intermediate DNA structures called Holliday Junctions. These junctions are mainly resolved by MutLγ (Mlh1-Mlh3) complex. Mutations of genes involved in meiosis are associated with human diseases including sterility and chromosomal rearrangements such as trisomy. Mlh1-Mlh3 plays also a role in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Our laboratory has characterized the first crystal structure of the C-terminal region of the MutLα complex (Mlh1-Pms1) which is the major endonuclease in MMR. My thesis aims at understanding the molecular mechanism of MutLγ (Mlh1-Mlh3) mainly involved in meiosis and to compare it with Mlh1-Pms1 mainly involved in MMR.We determined the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of the MutLγ complex which contains the endonuclease site. We characterized the structure of three different states of the active site. We showed how Mlh1 is an integral part of the Mlh3 endonuclease site. We characterized the specificity of this domain for Holliday Junctions and proposed a model of the full-length complex and its DNA binding sites. Finally, we design new separation of function allele of Mlh1-Mlh3, called KERE, which was analyzed by EMSA and genetic experiments
Fan, Jun. "Single-molecule basis of transcription-coupled DNA repair." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC213.
Full textThe DNA in living cells is constantly threatened by damages from both endogenous and exogenous agents, which can threaten genomic integrity, block processes of replication, transcription and translation and have also genotoxic effects. In response to the DNA damage challenge, organisms have evolved diverse surveillance mechanisms to coordinate DNA repair and cell-cycle progression. Multiple DNA repair mechanisms, discovered in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, bear the responsibility of maintaining genomic integrity; these mechanisms include nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR) and double strand break repair (DSBR). Transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) is a specialized NER subpathway characterized by enhanced repair of the template strand of actively transcribed genes as compared to the classical global genome repair (GGR) subpathway of NER which does not distinguish between template and non-template strands. TCR achieves specialization via the involvement of RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the Mfd (Mutation Frequency Decline) protein, also known as TRCF (transcription repair coupling factor). TCR repair initiates when RNAP stalls at a DNA lesion on the transcribed strand and serves as the da mage sensor. The stalled RNAP must be displaced so as to make the lesion accessible to downstream repair components. E. Coli Mfd translocase participates in this process by displacing stalled RNAP from the lesion and then coordinating assembly of the UvrAB(C) components at th( damage site. Recent studies have shown that after binding to and displacing stalled RNAP, Mfd remains on the DNA in the form of a stable, translocating complex with evicted RNAP. So as to understand how UvrAB(C) are recruited via the Mfd-RNAP complex, magnetic trapping of individual, damaged DNA molecules was employed to observe-in real-time this multi¬component, multi-step reaction, up to and including the DNA incision reaction by UvrC. It was found that the recruitment of UvrA and UvrAB to the Mfd-RNAP complex halts the translocating complex and then causes dissolution of the complex in a molecular "hand-off" with slow kinetics Correlative single-molecule nanomanipulation and fluorescence further show that dissolution of the complex leads to loss of not only RNAP but also Mfd. Hand-off then allows for enhanced incision of damaged DNA by the UvrC component as compared to the equivalent single-moleculE GGR incision reaction. A global model integrating TCR and GGR components in repair was proposed, with the overall timescales for the parallel reactions provided
Aissi-Ben, Moussa Sana. "Caractérisation moléculaire des mutations germinales et somatiques associées au syndrome de Lynch en Tunisie." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S001.
Full textHumbert, Odile. "Recombinaison entre séquences partiellement divergentes et réparation des mésappariements chez Streptococcus pneumoniae." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30215.
Full textTouat, Mahdi. "Mécanismes et implications thérapeutiques de l'hypermutation dans les gliomes Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of Hypermutation in Gliomas Mismatch Repair Deficiency in High-Grade Meningioma: A Rare but Recurrent Event Associated With Dramatic Immune Activation and Clinical Response to PD-1 Blockade Buparlisib in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Harboring Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Activation: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Multi-Arm, Phase II Trial Hyman DM. BRAF Inhibition in BRAFV600-Mutant Gliomas: Results From the VE-BASKET Study Glioblastoma Targeted Therapy: Updated Approaches From Recent Biology Successful Targeting of an ATG7-RAF1 Gene Fusion in Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma With Leptomeningeal Dissemination Ivosidenib in IDH1-Mutated Advanced Glioma." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL071.
Full textHigh tumor mutational burden (hypermutation) is observed in some gliomas; however, the mechanisms by which hypermutation develops and whether it predicts chemotherapy or immunotherapy response are poorly understood. Mechanistically, an association between hypermutation and mutations in the DNA mismatch-repair (MMR) genes has been reported in gliomas, but most MMR mutations observed in this context were not functionally characterized, and their role in causing hypermutation remains unclear. Furthermore, whether hypermutation enhances tumor immunogenicity and renders gliomas responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (e.g. PD-1 blockade) is not known. Here, we comprehensively analyze the clinical and molecular determinants of mutational burden and signatures in 10,294 gliomas, including 558 (5.4%) hypermutated tumors. We delineate two main pathways to hypermutation: a de novo pathway associated with constitutional defects in DNA polymerase and MMR genes, and a more common, post-treatment pathway, associated with acquired resistance driven by MMR defects in chemotherapy-sensitive gliomas recurring after temozolomide. Experimentally, the mutational signature of post-treatment hypermutated gliomas (COSMIC signature 11) was recapitulated by temozolomide-induced damage in MMR-deficient cells. While MMR deficiency was associated with acquired temozolomide resistance in glioma models, clinical and experimental evidence suggest that MMR-deficient cells retain sensitivity to the chloroethylating nitrosourea lomustine. MMR-deficient gliomas exhibited unique features including the lack of prominent T-cell infiltrates, extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, poor survival and low response rate to PD-1 blockade. Moreover, while microsatellite instability in MMR-deficient gliomas was not detected by bulk analyses, single-cell whole-genome sequencing of post-treatment hypermutated glioma cells demonstrated microsatellite mutations. Collectively, these results support a model where differences in the mutation landscape and antigen clonality of MMR-deficient gliomas relative to other MMR-deficient cancers may explain the lack of both immune recognition and response to PD-1 blockade in gliomas. Our data suggest a change in practice whereby tumor re-sequencing at relapse to identify progression and hypermutation could inform prognosis and guide therapeutic management
Mennecier, Samuel. "Mutagenèse spontanée et mutagenèse induite chez la bactérie radiorésistante Deinococcus radiodurans." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112120.
Full textDeinococcus radiodurans belongs to a family of bacteria characterized by an exceptional capacity to withstand the lethal effects of DNA-damaging agents, including ionizing radiation, UV light and desiccation. We demonstrated the existence of a functional mismatch repair system (MMR) involved in the fidelity of DNA replication and recombination in D. Radiodurans. Cells devoid of a functional MMR are as resistant to gamma-rays as wild type bacteria, suggesting that the MMR plays only a minor role in the reconstitution of a functional genome after DNA damage. We showed the important role of DNA transposition in spontaneous mutagenesis in D. Radiodurans, as 75 % of the mutations inactivating a reporter gene were due to IS (Insertion Sequence) insertions into its coding region. Five ISs from different families were shown to be transpositionally active. A type II Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Element (MITE) was also discovered as an insertion into the reporter gene. Finally, we observed the existence of induced mutagenesis in D. Radiodurans, implying increased point mutagenesis and up-regulation of DNA transposition. Transposition of ISDra2, belonging to a newly characterized IS family, was induced 100-fold after gamma-irradiation and 50-fold after UV-irradiation. Although error-free repair strategies predominate in D. Radiodurans, an up-regulation of DNA transposition, as well as induction of point mutations in cells recovering from DNA damage, can be a source of genetic variability that may have long-term evolutionary consequences on the fitness of this organism in its natural habitat
Gardès, Pauline. "Implication du système de réparation des mésappariements dans la maturation terminale des anticorps chez l'homme." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077229.
Full textAntibody (Ab) maturation relies on two mechanisms: Class Switch Recombination (CSR) and Somatic Hypermutations (SHM), both occuring through DNA rearrangements in the gene encoding Ab. The CSR results in the production of different isotypes of Ab and the introduction of SHM leads to the production of Ab with increased affinity for the antigen. The analysis of patients suffering from Ab maturation defects has provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying CSR and SHM. The study of knockout mice suggested that the Mismatch Repair (MMR) machinery is involved in these mechanisms, however very little is known about this in humans. The aim of this work was to study the involvement of MMR factors in the human Ab maturation process. We analysed 18 patients carrying homozygous or biallelic mutations of different MMR genes : PMS2, MLH1 or MSH6. We showed that CSR is defective in these patients in vivo and in vitro, leading to the conclusion that MMR factors are actors of the CSR mechanism. The study of the different steps of CSR showed that PMS2 is responsible for the introduction of DNA breaks, whereas MSH6 could play an additional role downstream of this step. Moreover, our data reveal that MSH6, unlike PMS2 and MLH1, is involved in the introduction of SHM. The study of natural human mutants, though complex, provide evidence that MMR factors play a role in the Ab maturation mechanisms
Parc, Yann. "Etude des cancers colorectaux liés à une altération de la fonction de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11TO13.
Full textColas, Chrystelle. "Conséquences cliniques et biologiques des déficiences constitutionnelles du système de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066470.
Full textSedletska, Yuliya. "Signalisation moléculaire par le système de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN et l'agent anticancéreux cisplatine : étude des intéractions protéine MutS-composé de lésion du cisplatine." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2013.
Full textGueneau, Emeric. "Interactions de la région C-terminale de MLH1 nécessaires à la voie de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628928.
Full textJacob, Sandrine. "Impact du système de réparation des mésappariements de bases dans la réponse des cancers colorectaux aux inhibiteurs de topoisomérases." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066165.
Full textFourrier-Bauchet, Laurence. "Mécanisme d'action de la drogue anticancéreuse cis-dichlorodiammineplatine (II) : étude de l'interaction entre les protéines de réparation des mésappariements et l'ADN platiné." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483029.
Full textTakahashi, Tomio. "Rôle de la topoisomérase 1 et de la réparation des mésappariements (MMR) dans la mutagénèse associée à la transcription chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112140.
Full textSpontaneous mutagenesis is a complex phenomenon, both dangerous for genome integrity and necessary for evolution. Our study showed that in S. Cerevisiae, CAN1 transcription activation is associated with an increased spontaneous mutagenesis specifically on this locus. The molecular analysis of CanR mutations reveals that transcription stimulates base substitutions and insertions/deletions. Base substitutions and insertions/deletions of 1 nucleotide depend on DNA polymerase zeta and reflect most likely a stimulation of the spontaneous mutagenesis observed under wild type transcription. On the other hand, (-2/-3) mutations represent a signature of transcription associated mutagenesis. Our results suggest that transcription enhances topoisomerase 1 trapping on the DNA, which repair leads to (-2/-3) mutations. This study reveals unavoidable conflicts between Top1 and the transcriptional machinery and their potential impact on genome stability. In addition, mismatch repair inactivation induces a strong increase of transcription associated mutagenesis. These mismatches seem to reflect a decrease of DNA synthesis fidelity on the transcribed gene. The recruitment of MMR on transcribed regions is observed on the whole genome of S. Cerevisiae, indicating that replication fidelity is not uniform and depends partly on the level of transcription
Fourrier, Laurence. "Mécanisme d'action de la drogue anticancéreuse cis-dichlorodiammineplatine (II) : étude de l'interaction entre les protéines de réparation des mésappariements et l'ADN platiné." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2018.
Full textSubissi, Lorenzo. "Biochemical insights into SARS-CoV replication." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5002.
Full textThis work focused on the enzymatic machinery involved in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RNA replication and transcription. Firstly, I established a robust in vitro polymerase assay with the canonical SARS-CoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) nsp12. I showed that nsp12, in order to engage processive RNA synthesis, needs two viral proteins, i.e. nsp7 and nsp8. This nsp7/nsp8 complex not only activates nsp12-RdRp, but also acts as a processivity factor. Thus, using this processive polymerase complex, I could investigate SARS-CoV proofreading for which only indirect evidences were reported. Indeed, coronaviruses encode for a 3'-5' exonuclease (nsp14-ExoN), putatively involved in a mechanism that proofreads coronavirus RNA during viral replication. We first showed in vitro that nsp14-ExoN, which is stimulated by nsp10, is able to excise specifically dsRNA as well as all primer/templates bearing a 3' mismatch on the primer. Moreover, we could confirm by sequencing that a RNA 3' mismatch was indeed corrected in vitro by the nsp7/nsp8/nsp12/nsp14 complex. We provide for the first time direct evidence that nsp14-ExoN, in coordination with the polymerase complex, is able to proofread RNA. Interestingly, using this in vitro system we found an element that could possibly explain the inefficacy of ribavirin therapeutic treatment on SARS-patients: ribavirin, which is incorporated by the SARS-CoV polymerase complex, would also be excised by nsp14. In conclusion, this system will drive future development of antivirals, particularly of the nucleoside analogue type, against coronaviruses
Sedletska, Yuliya. "Signalisation moléculaire par le système de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN et l'agent anticancéreux cisplatine : étude des interactions protéine MutS-composé de lésion du cisplatine." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00387491.
Full textRochette, Patrick. "Cartographie des dimères cyclobutyliques de pyrimidines (DCP) induits par les UVA et étude des effets de certains gènes de réparation des mésappariements et du gène P53 muté sur la réparation par excision de nucléotides des DCP." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22519/22519.pdf.
Full textInscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Zaanan, Aziz. "Impact du système de réparation des mésappariements de bases de l'ADN sur la réponse à la chimiothérapie adjuvante des cancers du côlon de stade III." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066428.
Full textChevalier, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude de Helicobacter pylori : la gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(GGT) : les systèmes de réparation de l'ADN." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077049.
Full textTornier, Carine. "Implication de Msh6, mais pas de Swi4 (Msh3), dans la réparation Msh2-dépendante des mésappariements et des boucles insertionnelles et délétionnelles de l'ADN chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28757.
Full textThe DNA mismatch repair system is a postreplicative system which repairs base-base mismatches as well as insertion/deletion loops which occur mainly on microsatellite sequences. In S. Cerevisiae, loops recognition is operated essentially by the MutSβ (Msh2-Msh3) though also partially by MutSα Msh2-Msh6) heterodimers, while MutSα only is able to recognize base-base mismatches. In the human, the same specificity is globally observed but the role of MutSα is predominant. The challenge to understand this repair system is highlighed by the fact that mutations in MSH and MLH genes are responsible for predisposition to HNPCC colon cancers. In S. Pombe, we observed that the inactivation of msh6 produces a mutator phenotype as strong as that of msh2. Moreover, this was true for the repair of base-base mismatches mononucleotide loops and small insertion/deletion loops. Msh3 (Swi4) inactivation leads to a weak mutator phenotype (hardly higher than that of the wild-type), even in the case of repair of insertion/deletion loops. In contrast, we have shown that Swi4 is implicated in recombination ; this is not true for Msh6 nor Msh2 (Msh3 and Msh2 having however incidence upon recombination by S. Cerevisiae). Altogether, our work shows that mismatch repair in S. Pombe functions almost only with MutSα while MutSβ specialized in other functions. Interestingly, the human repair system seems to be an intermediate between those of S. Pombe and S. Cerevisiae
Chalastanis, Alexandra. "Etude des facteurs associés à l'instabilité des microsatellites dans l'initiation et la progression des tumeurs déficientes dans le système de réparation des mésappariements de bases de l'ADN." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066580.
Full textAccaoui, Marie José. "Etude du devenir d'un marqueur génétique à travers la recombinaison homologue et le système de réparation des mésappariements dirigé par la méthylation : application à la thérapie génique." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P183.
Full textBouvet, Delphine. "Syndrome de Lynch : mise au point d'un test diagnostique basé sur la caractérisation fonctionnelle de tolérance à la méthylation des variants des gènes du système de réparation des mésappariements." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS527.
Full textLynch syndrome (LS) is the leading cause of familial colorectal cancer. It is due to mono-allelic germ-line mutations affecting the genes of the MisMatch Repair (MMR) system, mainly MLH1 and MSH2. The diagnosis is based on the detection of pathogenic MMR mutations, which raises the issue of the functional interpretation of the identified variants, often equivocal since 30% of the detected MLH1 and MSH2 alterations are variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Our goal was to develop a functional test to discriminate these VUS. Inactivation of the MMR system makes the cells tolerant to DNA methylation lesions and allows them to escape apoptosis. Our experimental strategy relies on the ability of MLH1 and MSH2 variants to complement the MMR deficiency of a cell line. Briefly, a restoration of sensitivity to methylation is expected if the transfected variant is non-pathogenic. We first tested 40 MLH1 and MSH2 variants whose pathogenicity or neutrality was known. The method correctly classified 39/40 variants, which validated our approach. The technique, which was then applied to a series of 49 MLH1 and MSH2 VUS to be characterized, made it possible to propose a classification for 41/49 (83%) of the VUS. The other available data (clinical, somatic, in silico and eventually functional) confirm our screen results. In the future, this DNA damage signaling assay could be available in routine diagnostics to study all the detected VUS in patients and improve the diagnosis of LS
Beloribi-Djefaflia, Sadia. "Les effets des lipides exosomaux sur les cellules tumorales pancréatiques humaines : entre apoptose et survie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5005.
Full textIt has been previously reported that exosomes released by the human pancreatic tumoral cell line SOJ-6 could induce their own apoptosis. Thanks to the production of lipid nanoparticles, SELN (Synthetic Exosomes-Like Nanoparticles) mimicking the lipid composition of natural exosomes, we have shown that lipids were responsible for the observed effects. Indeed, we showed that SELN with the higher ratio rafts/phospholipids could interact with SOJ-6 cells at the level of the rafts to perturb the Notch pathway, preferentially localized in these lipid microdomains. This induces a decreased expression of the main target of this pathway, the survival factor Hes-1. This decrease is intensified by the activation of the complex PTEN-GSK-3β. These deregulations drive cells towards the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis as shown by the increase of the ratio Bax/Bcl-2, the caspase 9 activity and the DNA fragmentation. Whereas MiaPaCa-2 cells are resistant to SELN, which is explained by their stem-like cell phenotype, contrarily to the well-differentiated SOJ-6 cell line. Although the over-expression of some stem cell markers, such as ALDH and CXCR4 is responsible for their resistance, they remain sensitive to the cyclopamine, a Hedgehog inhibitor. We found out that MiaPaCa-2 cells pre-incubation with SELN could protect them from the inhibitory effect of the cyclopamine, meaning that upon SELN incubation, a survival pathway is triggered in MiaPaCa-2 cells. So we showed that, upon SELN incubation, the canonical NF-кB pathway is activated in MiaPaCa-2 cells to promote SDF-1α expression. Once released, SDF-1α interacts with its receptor CXCR4 to activate an Akt-dependent survival pathway
Handra-Luca, Adriana Alina. "Rôle de la signalisation par la voie du TGF-beta et des protéines de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN dans la prolifération cellulaire et dans la progression tumorale au cours de la cancérogenèse colorectale et de certains modèles de cancérogenèse pancréatique." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066543.
Full textCohen, Romain. "Caractérisation phénotypique et clinique des cancers colorectaux métastatiques avec instabilité des microsatellites Clinical and molecular characterization of hereditary and sporadic metastatic colorectal cancer harbouring microsatellite instability/DNA mismatch repair deficiency Association of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer with misdiagnosis of microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency status." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS313.
Full textMicrosatellite instability (MSI) is a tumor phenotype linked to somatic or germline inactivating alterations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MSI is observed in approximately 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) and has recently emerged as a major positive predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICKi) amongst mCRC patients. The objectives of my work was to clinically and molecularly characterize MSI mCRC, to evaluate the accuracy of MSI screening methods and the response to immunotherapy in the context of ICKi clinical trials. Fist, I show that sporadic and inherited MSI mCRC display distinct natural history (Cohen et al., Eur J Cancer 2017). In a second work, I show that MSI testing in routine practice is associated with almost 10% of false positives due to misinterpration of IHC and PCR assays. Moreover, these false-positives are the main cause of mCRC primary resistance to ICKi observed in clinical trials (Cohen*, Hain* et al., JAMA Oncol. 2018). After summarizing the literature concerning MSI, its consequences on CRC and immunotherapy, I present the results of the nosologic and diagnostic works developed during this doctoral thesis. Then I will go on perspectives in the context of MSI cancer
Grandval, Philippe. "Caractérisation des variations génétiques constitutionnelles de signification inconnue dans le syndrome de Lynch." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5004/document.
Full textLynch syndrome is a frequent cancer predisposition with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and caused by heterozygous germ line mutations in one of the major DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6). For 20 years, the French laboratories network involved in Lynch syndrome identified a total of 6687 variations. Among them, 707, mainly missense variations, remained variants of uncertain significance (VUS), thus could not be used for reliable genetic counseling. The aim of our study was to develop an algorithm able to classify VUS, according to the international consensus (IARC). This algorithm was constructed based on criteria usually required for genetic characterization such as in silico analysis, phenotypical data (segregation, Amsterdam criteria's), MMR status in tumor cells, functional assays, splicing analyses and published data. Data were registered in the French database. As a result of this work, we were able to classify 370 variants of the 707 (52,3%). As part of this work, we also analyzed phenotypical data of patients with Lynch syndrome and showed that breast cancer can definitively be excluded from the spectrum of Lynch-related cancers, and that EPCAM mutations, which may lead to Lynch syndrome, are associated with a very low incidence of endometrial cancer and have probably to be considered as an allelic disease with specific clinical recommendations
Frouin, Isabelle. "Analyse fonctionnelle des protéines de la réplication de l'ADN et de leur association dynamique avec les complexes Cdk / cycline au cours du cycle cellulaire des cellules humaines : modulation de la réponse apoptotique aux anti-folates dans des cellules humaines, déficientes dans la réparation des mésappariements de nucléotides ("DNA mismatch repair")." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077195.
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