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Academic literature on the topic 'Réparation cassure double-brin'
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Journal articles on the topic "Réparation cassure double-brin"
SALLES, Bernard. "INHIBITION DE LA RÉPARATION DES CASSURES DOUBLE-BRIN DE L'ADN: QUEL INTÉRÊT EN RADIOTHÉRAPIE ET PHARMACOLOGIE ANTITUMORALE?" Bulletin de l'Académie vétérinaire de France, no. 1 (2012): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/48211.
Full textBuisson, Rémi, and Jean-Yves Masson. "Fonction des suppresseurs de tumeur PALB2 et BRCA2 dans la réparation des cassures double-brin de l’ADN." médecine/sciences 29, no. 3 (March 2013): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2013293017.
Full textRass, E., A. Grabarz, P. Bertrand, and B. S. Lopez. "Réparation des cassures double-brin de l’ADN, un mécanisme peut en cacher un autre : la ligature d’extrémités non homologues alternative." Cancer/Radiothérapie 16, no. 1 (February 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2011.05.004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Réparation cassure double-brin"
Hoff, Grégory. "Réparation des cassures double-brin et variabilité chromosomique chez Streptomyces." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0288/document.
Full textIonizing radiation, desiccation or exogenous secondary metabolites are all factors that can cause DNA damage in soil bacteria, especially by triggering double strand breaks (DSB), the most detrimental harm for the cell. In prokaryotes, evolution selected two main DSB repair pathways, namely homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). HR is almost ubiquitous in bacteria and relies on an intact copy of the damaged DNA molecule as a template for DSB repair. In contrast to HR, NHEJ is only present in 20 to 25% of bacteria and is considered as a mutagenic pathway since DSB repair is performed without the need of any template and can lead to nucleotide addition or deletion at DSB site. In the bacterial model Mycobacterium, two partners are sufficient for a functional NHEJ pathway. Thus, Ku protein dimer recognizes and binds the DSB and then recruits the multifunctional LigD protein for extremities treatment and ligation thanks to its polymerase, nuclease and ligase domains. At the beginning of this work, few informations on DSB repair in Streptomyces were available. This bacteria exhibits remarkable genomic features including a large linear chromosome (6 to 12 Mb). Regarding HR, we focused on the late stage (post-synaptic step) in studying the role of RuvABC complex and RecG, involved in branch migration and Holliday junction resolution in E. coli. Construction of single and multiple mutants showed that although the genes encoding these proteins are highly conserved in Streptomyces, their deficiency in Streptomyces ambofaciens only results in a mild decrease of recombination after conjugation events. Besides, no decrease of intrachromosomal recombination efficiency could be observed. These results suggest that major alternative factors are still to be discovered in Streptomyces. This work was also the first occasion to decipher a NHEJ pathway in Streptomyces. An exhaustive genomic study revealed a great diversity in the number of factors potentially implicated in this pathway (Ku, LigDom, PolDom, NucDom) and in the organization of their encoding genes. Functional analyses revealed that all the factors, whatever they are conserved or not between species, were involved in the response to electron beam exposure, known to induce, amongst other things, DSB formation. Generation of DSB by I-SceI endonuclease cleavage was also used to evidence at a molecular level NHEJ type DSB repair (deletions or insertions of several nucleotides, integration of DNA fragments). Targeted breaks in the terminal regions of the chromosome were accompanied by large deletions (up to 2.1 Mb) and major rearrangements including chromosome circularizations and DNA amplifications. Consequences of DSB repair in S. ambofaciens are in all points similar to chromosome rearrangements observed spontaneously or by comparing genomes of different species. Thus, it is possible to link the genome plasticity to DSB repair. In addition, the integration of exogenous genetic material would be favoured during NHEJ repair which would give this repair system a major role in the horizontal transfer process, known to be a main evolution mechanism in bacteria
Mosbach, Valentine. "Contraction de répétitions de trinucléotides par induction ciblée d'une cassure double brin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066040.
Full textTrinucleotides repeats are a specific class of microsatellites whose large expansions are responsible for many human neurological disorders. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is due to an expansion of CTG repeats in the 3’UTR of DMPK gene, which can reach thousands of repeats. Molecular mechanisms leading to these large expansions are poorly understood but in vitro studies have shown the capacity of these repeats to form secondary structures, which probably interfere with mechanisms involving DNA synthesis. We shown that a TALEN used to induce double-strand break (DSB) in DM1 CTG repeats integrated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is specific and leads to highly efficient repeat contractions after repair. Mechanism involved in TALEN-induced DSB only depends of RAD50 and RAD52 genes, suggesting the formation of secondary structures at DSB ends that need to be removed for repair initiation, followed by an intramolecular recombinaison repair such as SSA between repeats leading to their contraction. We compared the efficiency and specificity of a CRISPR-Cas9 and the TALEN to contract CTG repeats in yeast. Surprisingly, CRISPR-Cas9 induction do not lead to repeat contraction but to chromosomal rearrangement, suggesting a lack of specificity and a different repair mechanism than with the TALEN. At last, we studied whether these nucleases could contract CTG repeats to a non-pathological length in mammalian cells. Finally, TALEN induction in DM1 transgenic mice cells, and in DM1 human fibroblasts show promising repeat contractions
Mosbach, Valentine. "Contraction de répétitions de trinucléotides par induction ciblée d'une cassure double brin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066040.
Full textTrinucleotides repeats are a specific class of microsatellites whose large expansions are responsible for many human neurological disorders. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is due to an expansion of CTG repeats in the 3’UTR of DMPK gene, which can reach thousands of repeats. Molecular mechanisms leading to these large expansions are poorly understood but in vitro studies have shown the capacity of these repeats to form secondary structures, which probably interfere with mechanisms involving DNA synthesis. We shown that a TALEN used to induce double-strand break (DSB) in DM1 CTG repeats integrated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is specific and leads to highly efficient repeat contractions after repair. Mechanism involved in TALEN-induced DSB only depends of RAD50 and RAD52 genes, suggesting the formation of secondary structures at DSB ends that need to be removed for repair initiation, followed by an intramolecular recombinaison repair such as SSA between repeats leading to their contraction. We compared the efficiency and specificity of a CRISPR-Cas9 and the TALEN to contract CTG repeats in yeast. Surprisingly, CRISPR-Cas9 induction do not lead to repeat contraction but to chromosomal rearrangement, suggesting a lack of specificity and a different repair mechanism than with the TALEN. At last, we studied whether these nucleases could contract CTG repeats to a non-pathological length in mammalian cells. Finally, TALEN induction in DM1 transgenic mice cells, and in DM1 human fibroblasts show promising repeat contractions
Vaysse-Zinkhöfer, Wilhelm. "Mécanismes de réparations d’une cassure double-brin et résection au sein d’un microsatellite humain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS477.
Full textMicrosatellites are tandem repeats of a motif between one and nine base pairs. These repeats are found ubiquitously in all organisms and are particularly abundant in eukaryotic organisms. All these repeats are capable of forming secondary structures in vitro and possibly in vivo. Some microsatellites are prone to expansion, leading to many neurodegenerative diseases in humans such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most frequently transmitted neurodegenerative disease. The onset and severity of symptoms are positively correlated with the number of repeats located in the 3'UTR of the DMPK gene. In previous work in the laboratory, a TALE nuclease (TALEN) was developed to introduce a double-strand break into a microsatellite (GTC)n from a DM1 patient. Understanding the mechanisms leading to repeat contraction in yeast is necessary to understand the mechanisms in humans. Thus, experiments were conducted in cells with altered CBD repair systems showing that RAD51, POL32 and DNL4 were not required for CBD repair within microsatellites. Only RAD50 and RAD52 appear to be required, indicating that the cell repairs CBDs in repeated regions by single-strand annealing. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of several genes (MRE11, EXO1, SGS1, DNA2, SAE2, RIF1 and RIF2), involved in the resection and repair of a single CBD within a CTG repeat region, in yeast
Dupuy, Pierre. "Réparation des cassures double-brin chez la bactérie symbiotique Sinorhizobium meliloti : caractérisation du mécanisme de non-homologous end-joining." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30153.
Full textDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are described as the most deleterious DNA damages as they can lead to cell death if they are not repaired. DSBs can be repaired through several mechanisms, including Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ). In eukaryotes, the main NHEJ proteins, Ku70 and Ku80, bind DNA ends as a heterodimer, and then recruit several additional proteins including enzymes which catalyze the processing and ligation of DNA ends. NHEJ has also been characterized in a limited number of bacteria, where the repair mechanism appears to be less complex than in eukaryotes. Indeed, only two proteins are required: a homodimeric Ku protein, and a multifunctional LigD enzyme able to process and ligate the DNA ends. However, most studies were performed on bacterial species encoding a single pair of ku/ligD. Actually, many bacterial species encode multiple copies of these genes, whose relative contributions to NHEJ in vivo are so far unknown. The Sinorhizobium meliloti genome encodes four putative Ku (ku1-4) and four putative LigD (ligD1-4). To date, a single study conducted on this model bacterium showed that every ku single mutant is more sensitive than the wild type strain to ionizing radiations showing that all ku genes are involved in NHEJ repair of DSBs in this organism. Here, using several in vivo approaches, we performed a comprehensive genetic characterization of NHEJ repair in S. meliloti, and clarified the respective contributions of the various ku and ligD genes. For the first time in bacteria, we obtained results showing the presence of several independent NHEJ systems in S. meliloti and suggesting the existence of a putative heterodimeric form of Ku. We also demonstrated that NHEJ repair is activated under various stress conditions, including heat and nutrient starvation, and that part of this repair is under the control of the general stress response regulator RpoE2. We showed that NHEJ and more generally DSB repair mechanisms are involved in desiccation resistance in S. meliloti. Finally, for the first time in bacteria, we provided evidence that NHEJ not only repairs DSBs, but can also erroneously integrate heterologous DNA molecules into the breaks. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the mechanisms of DSB repair in bacteria which encode multiple Ku and LigD orthologues. It also suggest that NHEJ might contribute to the evolution of bacterial genomes under adverse environmental conditions not only through error-prone repair of DSB by its mutagenesis repair characteristic but also by participating in the acquisition of foreign DNA from distantly related organisms during horizontal gene transfer events
Pellegrino, Simone. "Comprendre le rôle de RecN dans la voie de réparation CDB chez Deinococcus radiodurans." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769957.
Full textAbello, Arthur. "Spécialisation de Ku80c dans le couplage entre coupure et réparation de l’ADN lors des réarrangements programmés du génome chez Paramecium tetraurelia." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS083.
Full textDuring its sexual cycle, the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia undergoes massive Programmed Genome Rearrangements (PGR). They consist, among others, in excision of 45,000 precisely delimited sequences, called IES (Internal Eliminated Sequences). A domesticated transposase, PiggyMac (Pgm), introduces double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) at IES ends. The Non Homologous End Joining pathway (NHEJ) handles highly precise repair of DSB. One of the actors of this pathway is the heterodimer Ku70/Ku80. In P. tetraurelia, the KU80 gene is present in three paralogous copies. Only KU80c is specifically expressed during PGR and RNA interferences against KU80c showed a complete inhibition of DNA cleavage. Furthermore, a Co-IP experiment in a heterologous system showed that both Ku70/Ku80c interact with Pgm. These results provide evidence that Ku is an essential partner of Pgm for DSB introduction; raising the question of the activating mechanism involved. During my PhD, I characterized the coupling between Ku and Pgm by analyzing immunofluorescence experiments, with or without pre-extraction, allowing the determination of inter-dependencies between those proteins for their nuclear localization and stability. Those methods demonstrated that Pgm requires the presence of Ku for a stable nuclear localization during the PGR. Ku80c shares 74% of the protein sequence with Ku80a. Functional complementation assays overexpressing Ku80a during the PGR showed that Ku80a is not capable to stably localize in nuclei nor to participate in Pgm nuclear stability. Furthermore, PGR are inhibited. Those results show that Ku80c has specialized for the DSB introduction during PGR. The use of chimeric proteins allowed to determine that Ku80c specialization was carried out by its N terminal domain
Badie, Christophe. "Influence de la réparation sur la courbe de survie :les cassures double brin de l'ADN et les aberrations chromosomiques de lignées fibroblastiques humaines." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T015.
Full textFedor, Yoann. "Nouveau biomarqueur en temps réel de cassures double-brin de l'ADN et génotoxicité de la cytolethal distensing toxin." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2029/.
Full textHuman DNA is constantly damaged by endogenous (cellular metabolism) or exogenous (radiations, food contaminants) sources. Among these lesions, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are the most cytotoxic. To survive to these lesions, a cellular pathway is in charge for the detection and the signaling of DSB. This pathway involves recruitment and post-translationnal modifications of several proteins around the DSB site (like the phosphorylation of a H2A histone variant called H2AX). This signalization pathway elicits cellular checkpoints in order to stop proliferation, and stimulates DSB repair systems in order to restore DNA initial integrity. An error-prone repair of DSB can lead to base additions/deletions, or chromosomal aberrations that can induce cancer. In order to understand genotoxicity, it is important to elucidate causes and mechanisms responsible for DSB formation and to follow their management by the cell. Techniques allowing DSB formation analysis (immunofluorescence, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, neutral COMET assay. . . ) exist, but can only show DNA state for a given point. During the first part of my thesis work, I created a new tool to detect and follow DSB formation in real time, in human cells. This tool rely on nanobody technology, which are miniatures antibodies produced by camelidae species and some sharks. An intracellular nanobody directed against phosphorylated H2AX (gammaH2AX) has been expressed, and seems to relocate to microirradiation-induced DSB. In order to build this tool, anti-gammaH2AX peptides were designed to immunize a llama, and nanobodies coding sequences were isolated/cloned and gathered as a library. Nanobodies specific for gammaH2AX were selected by phage display. Fused to a fluorophore these nanobodies were expressed in human cells in order to analyze their relocalization to DSB in real time. The second part of my phD shed a new light on the mechanism of action of a bacterial génotoxine causing cancers in mouse models: the Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT). This toxin is secreted by commensal and pathogenous bacteria, translocate into the nucleus of targeted cells and induces DSB. CDT mechanism of action was previously described as those of a nuclease inducing DSB. But my work demonstrated for lower doses (equivalent to lethal dose 50), that CDT induced first single-strand breaks leading to double-strand breaks through DNA replication. Moreover, homologous recombination repair of these DSB is crucial in order for cells exposed to CDT to survive. In conclusion, thanks to my thesis work, I developed a new tool to analyze real time dynamic of DSB in human cells in one hand. And in another hand, my work shed a new light on the mechanism of action of CDT genotoxicity, a toxin displaying cancer hazard in mammalians. Contributions brought by this work are discussed here
Batté, Amandine. "Impact of nuclear organization and chromatin structure on DNA repair and genome stability." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS182/document.
Full textThe non-random organization of the eukaryotic cell nucleus and the folding of genome in chromatin more or less condensed can influence many functions related to DNA metabolism, including genome stability. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious DNA damages for the cells. To preserve genome integrity, eukaryotic cells thus developed DSB repair mechanisms conserved from yeast to human, among which homologous recombination (HR) that uses an intact homologous sequence to repair a broken chromosome. HR can be separated in two sub-pathways: Gene Conversion (GC) transfers genetic information from one molecule to its homologous and Break Induced Replication (BIR) establishes a replication fork than can proceed until the chromosome end.My doctorate work was focused on the contribution of the chromatin context and 3D genome organization on DSB repair. In S. cerevisiae, nuclear organization and heterochromatin spreading at subtelomeres can be modified through the overexpression of the Sir3 or sir3A2Q mutant proteins. We demonstrated that reducing the physical distance between homologous sequences increased GC rates, reinforcing the notion that homology search is a limiting step for recombination. We also showed that heterochromatinization of DSB site fine-tunes DSB resection, limiting the loss of the DSB ends required to perform homology search and complete HR. Finally, we noticed that the presence of heterochromatin at the donor locus decreased both GC and BIR efficiencies, probably by affecting strand invasion. This work highlights new regulatory pathways of DNA repair