Academic literature on the topic 'Reorientation of attention'
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Journal articles on the topic "Reorientation of attention"
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Arif, Yasra, Rachel K. Spooner, Alex I. Wiesman, Christine M. Embury, Amy L. Proskovec, and Tony W. Wilson. "Modulation of attention networks serving reorientation in healthy aging." Aging 12, no. 13 (June 24, 2020): 12582–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.103515.
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Peng, Ningyue, Chengqi Xue, Haiyan Wang, Yafeng Niu, and Lei Wu. "Priming Effect of Colour on Aiding the Attentional Reorientation in Sequential Presentations of Temporal Data Visualization: Evidence From Eye-Tracking." Interacting with Computers 33, no. 2 (March 2021): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwab021.
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Abstract In the present study, we focus on the priming effect of colour on mitigating the attentional reorientation cost, which is led by re-constructing the frame of reference for attention shift and visual search in sequential presentations of temporal data visualization. The study involves two experiments using complementary recordings of behavioural performance and eye-tracking events. Two aspects of colour primes are highlighted: the prime validity and the colour perceptual accessibility. A task paradigm integrating the feature search and keeping-track task was adopted in our experiments. In Experiment 1 (with a group of 16 participants), we confirmed the colour priming effect by comparing the priming condition to the neutral baseline. Furthermore, global colours that are with high perceptual accessibility generated more evident priming effects than local colours. However, more interferences in misguiding the attention to task-irrelevant regions were found when the global primes were invalid. In Experiment 2 (with another group of 15 participants), we verify the finding in Experiment 1 that global colours produced more pronounced priming effects in alleviating the attentional reorientation cost by comparing two groups of real-world visualizations with either global or local colours as the prime. Large saccades were initiated much earlier, and the search efficiency got improved when provided with global colours. We conjecture that the facilitatory effect from global colours may stem from its benefit on the pre-attentive processing of the search field. The research findings provide evidence for utilizing colours as the primes in mitigating the attentional reorientation cost and accelerating visual search in sequential presentations.
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Sassenhagen, Jona, and Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky. "The P600 as a correlate of ventral attention network reorientation." Cortex 66 (May 2015): A3—A20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.12.019.
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Arrington, Catherine M., Thomas H. Carr, Andrew R. Mayer, and Stephen M. Rao. "Neural Mechanisms of Visual Attention: Object-Based Selection of a Region in Space." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, supplement 2 (November 2000): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900563975.
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Objects play an important role in guiding spatial attention through a cluttered visual environment. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI) to measure brain activity during cued discrimination tasks requiring subjects to orient attention either to a region bounded by an object (object-based spatial attention) or to an unbounded region of space (location-based spatial attention) in anticipation of an upcoming target. Comparison between the two tasks revealed greater activation when attention selected a region bounded by an object. This activation was strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere and formed a widely distributed network including (a) attentional structures in parietal and temporal cortex and thalamus, (b) ventral-stream object processing structures in occipital, inferior-temporal, and parahippocampal cortex, and (c) control structures in medial-and dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that object-based spatial selection is achieved by imposing additional constraints over and above those processes already operating to achieve selection of an unbounded region. In addition, ER-fMRI methodology allowed a comparison of validly versus invalidly cued trials, thereby delineating brain structures involved in the reorientation of attention after its initial deployment proved incorrect. All areas of activation that differentiated between these two trial types resulted from greater activity during the invalid trials. This outcome suggests that all brain areas involved in attentional orienting and task performance in response to valid cues are also involved on invalid trials. During invalid trials, additional brain regions are recruited when a perceiver recovers from invalid cueing and reorients attention to a target appearing at an uncued location. Activated brain areas specific to attentional reorientation were strongly right-lateralized and included posterior temporal and inferior parietal regions previously implicated in visual attention processes, as well as prefrontal regions that likely subserve control processes, particularly related to inhibition of inappropriate responding.
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Limpouchová, Zuzana, Karel Procházka, Vlastimil Fidler, Jiří Dvořák, and Bohumil Bednář. "Molecular Movements and Dynamics in Solutions Studied by Fluorescence Depolarization Measurement." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 2 (1993): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19930213.
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Theories allowing interpretation of the results of time-resolved polarization spectrofluorimetry in solutions are reviewed and their applicability under various conditions is discussed. For the reorientation of rigid molecules in an isotropic medium, the most frequently employed models are presented, such as rotational diffusion model, the Fokker-Planck-Langevin model, etc. Systems with internal rotation, systems in anisotropic media, systems with a complex electron relaxation and systems with energy transfer are discussed as examples of more complex systems. A special attention is devoted to the polarization fluorimetry of probes bound to/or sorbed at polymer and biopolymer chains. The review focuses on theoretical models of reorientational motion for interpretation of fluorescence anisotropy decays. Experimental studies and computer simulations are discussed only when it is necessary for comparison with theoretical predictions. Complicated models for simultaneous reorientational motion and energy transfer, solvent relaxation, etc., although very important for many applications, exceed the scope of this review and are mentioned only very briefly.
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Steinitz, Michael O., G. Shane MacLeod, David A. Pink, Bonnie Quinn, and Gillian L. Ryan. "Magnetoelasticity and the spin rotation transition in cobalt." Canadian Journal of Physics 82, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p04-069.
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We study the spin reorientation process in cobalt using capacitance dilatometric measurements of the strain along the a- and c-axes of a single crystal and then apply a phenomenological theory of magnetostrictive interactions together with a theory of spin reorientation. We find no evidence of singularities in the behaviour at either of the temperatures at the beginning and end of this process. We calculate the temperature dependence of the magnetoelastic fourth-order single-ion anisotropy coefficient K4, and draw attention to the importance of higher order terms in the anisotropy. PACS Nos.: 74.25.Ha, 75.30.Gw, 75.50.Cc, 75.80.+q
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Baker, Kristen S., Alan J. Pegna, Naohide Yamamoto, and Patrick Johnston. "Attention and prediction modulations in expected and unexpected visuospatial trajectories." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): e0242753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242753.
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Humans are constantly exposed to a rich tapestry of visual information in a potentially changing environment. To cope with the computational burden this engenders, our perceptual system must use prior context to simultaneously prioritise stimuli of importance and suppress irrelevant surroundings. This study investigated the influence of prediction and attention in visual perception by investigating event-related potentials (ERPs) often associated with these processes, N170 and N2pc for prediction and attention, respectively. A contextual trajectory paradigm was used which violated visual predictions and neglected to predetermine areas of spatial interest, to account for the potentially unpredictable nature of a real-life visual scene. Participants (N = 36) viewed a visual display of cued and non-cued shapes rotating in a five-step predictable trajectory, with the fifth and final position of either the cued or non-cued shape occurring in a predictable or unpredictable spatial location. To investigate the predictive coding theory of attention we used factors of attention and prediction, whereby attention was manipulated as either cued or non-cued conditions, and prediction manipulated in either predictable or unpredictable conditions. Results showed both enhanced N170 and N2pc amplitudes to unpredictable compared to predictable stimuli. Stimulus cueing status also increased N170 amplitude, but this did not interact with stimulus predictability. The N2pc amplitude was not affected by stimulus cueing status. In accordance with previous research these results suggest the N170 is in part a visual prediction error response with respect to higher-level visual processes, and furthermore the N2pc may index attention reorientation. The results demonstrate prior context influences the sensitivity of the N170 and N2pc electrophysiological responses. These findings add further support to the role of N170 as a prediction error signal and suggest that the N2pc may reflect attentional reorientation in response to unpredicted stimulus locations.
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BLINOV, L. M. "PHOTOINDUCED MOLECULAR REORIENTATION IN POLYMERS, LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMSAND LIQUID CRYSTALS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 05, no. 02 (April 1996): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863596000143.
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A review of the experimental data on a photoinduced molecular reorientation in various molecular guest-host systems (dyes in liquid solutions, liquid crystals and polymer matrices), side-chain polymers and Langmuir-Blodgett films (LBFs) containing light absorbing chromophores is presented. The photoorientation may be reversible or irreversible. It is accompanied by the photoinduced dichroism and optical anisotropy which is widely used for optical recording information. Special attention is paid to the photoassisted poling of polymers and LBFs, a novel technique that allows for the preparation of the stable photoelectrets at room temperature possessing very promising nonlinear optical properties. The physical mechanisms of the photoinduced molecular reorientation are discussed.
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Parmentier, Fabrice B. R., and Pilar Andrés. "The Involuntary Capture of Attention by Sound." Experimental Psychology 57, no. 1 (October 1, 2010): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000009.
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The presentation of auditory oddball stimuli (novels) among otherwise repeated sounds (standards) triggers a well-identified chain of electrophysiological responses: The detection of acoustic change (mismatch negativity), the involuntary orientation of attention to (P3a) and its reorientation from the novel. Behaviorally, novels reduce performance in an unrelated visual task (novelty distraction). Past studies of the cross-modal capture of attention by acoustic novelty have typically discarded from their analysis the data from the standard trials immediately following a novel, despite some evidence in mono-modal oddball tasks of distraction extending beyond the presentation of deviants/novels (postnovelty distraction). The present study measured novelty and postnovelty distraction and examined the hypothesis that both types of distraction may be underpinned by common frontally-related processes by comparing young and older adults. Our data establish that novels delayed responses not only on the current trial and but also on the subsequent standard trial. Both of these effects increased with age. We argue that both types of distraction relate to the reconfiguration of task-sets and discuss this contention in relation to recent electrophysiological studies.
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Giménez-Fernández, Tamara, Dominique Kessel, Uxía Fernández-Folgueiras, Sabela Fondevila, Constantino Méndez-Bértolo, Nayamin Aceves, María José García-Rubio, and Luis Carretié. "Prejudice drives exogenous attention to outgroups." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 6 (June 2020): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa087.
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Abstract Exogenous attention allows the automatic detection of relevant stimuli and the reorientation of our current focus of attention towards them. Faces from an ethnic outgroup tend to capture exogenous attention to a greater extent than faces from an ethnic ingroup. We explored whether prejudice toward the outgroup, rather than lack of familiarity, is driving this effect. Participants (N = 76) performed a digit categorization task while distractor faces were presented. Faces belonged to (i) a prejudiced outgroup, (ii) a non-prejudiced outgroup and (iii) their ingroup. Half of the faces were previously habituated in order to increase their familiarity. Reaction times, accuracy and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to index exogenous attention to distractor faces. Additionally, different indexes of explicit and implicit prejudice were measured, the latter being significantly greater towards prejudiced outgroup. N170 amplitude was greater to prejudiced outgroup—regardless of their habituation status—than to both non-prejudiced outgroup and ingroup faces and was associated with implicit prejudice measures. No effects were observed at the behavioral level. Our results show that implicit prejudice, rather than familiarity, is under the observed attention-related N170 effects and that this ERP component may be more sensitive to prejudice than behavioral measures under certain circumstances.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reorientation of attention"
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Ekramnia, Milad. "Investigating Two Domain-General Processes in Early Infancy: Disjunctive Inference and Reorientation of Attention." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/3918.
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A characteristic of the more evolved nervous systems is the ability to process information in an abstract amodal domain. The existence of this capability, necessitates the presence of mental processes that are amodal and therefore, can act on a broad range of internal and external stimuli. Investigating the early development of the interaction between the amodal mental processes and their domain of action on mental representations, can shed light on the extents of the computations that can be accommodated by these processes.
In this thesis through a series of eye-tracking studies in pre-verbal infants, we attempted to investigate the early development of some of these interactions from two different domains.
In one domain, we addressed if logical operators, as a subset of the mental processes, are available to pre-verbal infants; so they can be utilized in combining and assessing the several mental images involved in an inference process. For this purpose, we introduced a face-voice association paradigm, in which infants could potentially use disjunctive inference to disambiguate the context and make the right face-voice pairings. We showed that the performance of the 10-month-old infants suggests that they might be able to perform this association through the process of disjunctive inference based on the elimination of the incorrect alternative. We furthermore, used the pupillometry data and results from an adult control group to suggest a time-frame for the steps of this process.
In another domain, we studied the integration of abstract visual icons with attentional shift. In one hand we showed that arrows can trigger an attentional shift in the 4-month-old infants but not 8-month-olds. We further showed that this reorientation of attention might be due to the triangular area of the icon. These striking results, although should await further confirmations, suggest an early sensitivity to the features of these icons, which can trigger a top-down reorientation of attention (as we tried to eliminate the possibility of a bottom-up process). A sensitivity that possibly disappears later in the development.
On the other hand, we showed that 8-month-olds and not 4-month-olds can assign an attentional shift to an arbitrary icon in a very few number of trials. These results together suggest a mixed picture for attribution of attentional shift to the icons; however indicating that a volitional attribution of attention to arbitrary icons can be carried out by infants as young as 8 months of age.
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PEARSON, DEBORAH ANN. "RAPID REORIENTATION OF ATTENTION IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ATTENTION DEFICITS (COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, HYPERACTIVITY, DISORDER)." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16002.
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The ability to reorient attention rapidly in both the auditory and visual modalities was first assessed developmentally and then assessed in children diagnosed as having Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (314.01, DSM III).
In the first experiment, eight-year old, eleven-year old, and college age subjects listened to dichotically presented lists for prespecified targets. On half of the trials, subjects were signaled to reorient their attention from one ear to the other during the list; on the other half, they remained on the same ear throughout the list. When performance was compared in the switch and no switch conditions, a progressive improvement with age was found in the ability to "switch gears."
The ability to reorient attention visually in the same age range was measured in a second experiment. In this experiment, subjects first oriented their attention to the center of a cathode ray tube. Subjects were then cued that a target would shortly appear either to the left or to the right of this central location. Following a variable interval, the target appeared at the cued location. A steady improvement with age was found in the speed of reorientation from the central point to the target area.
In a third experiment, auditory reorientation of attention was measured in hyperactive and nonhyperactive children matched for age, sex, and IQ. Using the same task used in the first experiment, it was found that although nonhyperactive children were temporarily disrupted by the switch, they eventually reoriented to the correct ear. In contrast, once the hyperactive children were disrupted by the switch, they never seemed to recover, at least not within the time frame of this experiment. This pattern resembled that of the youngest group in the first experiment, thus lending support to the hypothesis that hyperactive children are developmentally immature.
A final experiment measured differences in visual reorientation in hyperactive and nonhyperactive children. Using the paradigm used in the second experiment, no differences were found between the two groups. It was suggested that the attentional abilities of hyperactive children may be highly dependent upon task characteristics.
Books on the topic "Reorientation of attention"
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Unwin, Tim. In the Interests of the Poorest and Most Marginalized. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795292.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter highlights some of the most important changes that need to be made in ICT4D policies and practices if these technologies are to be used to empower poor and marginalized people and communities. These include the development of innovative pro-poor technologies, a reorientation of government policy and international agendas away from economic growth and towards the reduction of inequality, the use of effective multi-sector partnerships in support of the poorest, increased dialogue between governments and citizens with respect to security and privacy, greater attention to the creation of more resilient infrastructures, enhanced learning for all stakeholders, and a comprehensive focus on working with poor people rather than for them.
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Murphy, Mark C. Divine Holiness and Divine Action. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864783.001.0001.
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Holiness is the attribute most emphatically ascribed to God in Scripture. But there has been little attention devoted to characterizing and considering the entailments of divine holiness. This book defends an account of holiness indebted to Rudolf Otto’s description of the experience of the holy as that of a mysterium tremendum et fascinans. God’s being holy consists in God’s being someone with whom intimate union is both extremely desirable for us and yet something for which we—and indeed any limited beings—are unfit. This notion of divine holiness is useful for addressing disputed theological questions regarding divine action. In contrast to standard accounts of divine action that begin with assumptions regarding God’s moral perfection or God’s maximal love, the appeal to divine holiness supports a rival framework for explaining and predicting divine action—the holiness framework—according to which God is motivated to act in ways that are a response to God’s own value by keeping distance from that which is deficient, defective, or in any way limited in goodness. The book exhibits the fruitfulness of a reorientation from the morality and love frameworks to the holiness framework by showing how such a reorientation suggests distinct approaches to perennial problems of divine action regarding creation, incarnation, atonement, and salvation. From the treatment of these perennial problems, a general theme regarding divine action emerges: that God’s interaction with the world exhibits a radical sort of humility.
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Lerner, Adam B. From the Ashes of History. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197623589.001.0001.
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This book theorizes collective trauma as a foundational force in international politics—a shock to political cultures that can both make and break international institutions. Though scholars of international relations and related disciplines have historically paid outsize attention to the onset of mass violence, as well as the changes it causes in the balance of power or security calculations, far less attention has been paid to its indirect longer-term impacts, particularly as they manifest as collective trauma. This book argues that collective trauma can not only shape the divisions between “us” and “them” that constitute the international system but also frame logics of interaction over the course of generations. The first half of the book develops a theoretical framework for understanding collective trauma as an emergent phenomenon, outlining both how it translates from individual to social (and vice versa) and how it interacts with diverse political conditions and competing priorities. The second half turns to three historical cases examining colonialism as collective trauma in post-independence India, the Holocaust’s constitutive role in Israeli foreign policy imaginaries, and the influence of the post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis on the US global war on terror. Taken together, these cases demonstrate collective trauma’s foundational role in international politics, as well as the larger potential benefits of a “trauma turn” for the international relations discipline. This reorientation, the book demonstrates, is particularly vital as scholars work to combat the discipline’s Western bias and better account for the legacy of structural injustice and oppression.
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Ganeri, Jonardon. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198757405.003.0018.
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This book is an exploration of the reorientations that take place when attention is given priority in the analysis of mind. In this book it is argued that attention has an explanatory role in understanding the concept of the intentionality or directedness of the mental; the nature of mental action in general; of specific mental actions such as intending, remembering, introspecting, and empathizing; the character of the phenomenal and of cognitive access; the unity of consciousness; the epistemology of perception; the nature of persons and their identity; the distinction between self and other, and the moral psychology that rests upon it.
Book chapters on the topic "Reorientation of attention"
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Pearson, Deborah A., and David M. Lane. "Chapter 18 Reorientation in Hyperactive and Non-Hyperactive Children: Evidence for Developmentally Immature Attention?" In The Development of attention - Research and Theory, 345–63. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4115(08)60465-3.
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Milnes, Tim. "Introduction." In The Testimony of Sense, 1–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812739.003.0007.
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The introductory chapter begins by offering a reading of Hume’s unsent 1734 letter to Dr Arbuthnot, which recalls how his youthful enthusiasm for philosophy became pathological, leading him into the ‘Disease of the Learned’. The letter marks the point at which Hume consciously abandons the foundational idea of philosophy as the science of knowledge in favour of a holistic and ‘easy’ philosophy based upon the ‘science of man’, which encompasses moral, sentimental, and aesthetic concerns. This new science conceives experience according to the model of experimental thought evident in Hume’s own writing, a model based on the ‘essayistic’, trial-and-error method of intersubjective communication. The chapter explores the consequences of this fundamentally pragmatic reorientation for later eighteenth-century thought. While providing a breakdown and description of subsequent chapters, the Introduction also draws attention to the importance of this reorientation of notions of trust, language, virtue, performance, and the essay genre itself.
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Scott, Jonathan. "1649: Revolutionary Turnpike." In How the Old World Ended, 300–308. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243598.003.0018.
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This concluding chapter discusses how the Anglo-Dutch revolution of 1649–1702 stood at the centre of a succession of wider transformations which were agricultural, political, and commercial. All of these had their origins in the Netherlands before spreading to south-eastern England and across the Atlantic. Understanding their development and diffusion has required attention to religion, migration, and war as well as to economic, social, and cultural life. The result connected a series of unique local human environments, including the Dutch water world, the city of London, and the American frontier into a world-altering imperial system. By the later eighteenth century the Atlantic reorientation of the European economy had thrown the Baltic into relative decline, sparking the dramatic growth of Liverpool, Manchester, and Glasgow while Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam stagnated.
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Clarke, Peter. "The Keynes Plan and the White Plan at Bretton Woods." In International Equilibrium and Bretton Woods, 44–57. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856401.003.0003.
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Abstract The chapter explores the context in which a Keynes plan, and then a rival White plan had originated from 1941 onwards; and how to understand why Keynes contrived to agree on the proposals that became the agenda for Bretton Woods in 1944. For this represented a dilution, or even a betrayal, of the Keynes plan in the form in which it had originally been presented and discussed. In this context, it can be seen that much in the Keynes plan that had initially attracted Kalecki’s sympathetic attention in 1943 had meanwhile been subsumed or subverted within an agreed compromise that was closer to the American White plan. And the responsibility for this reorientation lay with Keynes himself, now acting not as an economist so much as an emissary of the increasingly beleaguered British Government, with its dependence on American support ever more evident.
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"“By himself, reading, a naked man”." In Unexpected Pleasures, edited by Lauryl Tucker, 25–42. Liverpool University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781949979688.003.0002.
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The narrator of Orlando reveals the incoherent expectations around the genre life-writing, which aims to satisfy a love of bare fact and an incompatible craving for fiction and discretion. Woolf’s novel parodies the inconsistent reading desires, and invites a queer reorientation to the genre’s pleasures, one in which the narrator inappropriately steps into the subject’s place. Rather than offering narratorial propriety and success, Woolf invites readers into a queer attachment to the incoherent narrator. Our locus of attention shifts from the temporal progress of the subject through his life, and attaches to the peculiar duties and rules that govern “the life” as a generic object. By enjoying the narrator’s failure to make good on the normative aims of genre, we are queerly free with our own object choice, queerly out of the conventional bounds of diegetic narrative time. His opacity is our pleasure, not because it merely defers a conventional form of satisfaction, but because the narrator inappropriately replaces the subject as the one to watch.
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Martin-Jones, David. "Locating: Bare Life in LA." In Columbo, 177–201. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474479790.003.0007.
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This chapter considers where (in the world) is Columbo‘s L.A.? The answer is that Columbo subtly engages with the reshaping of Los Angeles in the late Twentieth Century. That is, the city’s transformation from Western outpost of the nation (integral to the US defence industry) to global gateway city (connecting trade with the Pacific Rim). This urban transformation is evoked across Columbo‘s lifespan as part of a broader exploration of the city’s attention industries. In this way, Columbo indicates that a parallel transformation is taking place in the entertainment industry – the movies giving way to the power of television – as is occurring in L.A.’s urban reorientation from nation to globe. Although Columbo mingles with the elite, it is those at the lower end of the wealth divide with whom Columbo is aligned. Columbo is an unlikely defender of those reduced to the most meagre existence under neoliberalism. Columbo defends those who, for Giorgio Agamben, are brought down to the position of ‘bare life’ by globalization ([1995] 1998). Thus, whilst playing Columbo‘s complex memory game the attentive labourer is also involved in the supplementary process of locating themselves within the globally polarised society of late capitalism which L.A. starkly manifests.
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Scheible, Kristin. "Conclusion." In Reading the Mahavamsa. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231171380.003.0007.
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THE PĀLI Mahāvaṃsa has survived through fifteen hundred years of history to become a seminal text of Sri Lankan Buddhism. It has survived thanks in part to the scribes who were charged along the way with copying it (palm-leaf manuscripts do not hold up indefinitely in the Sri Lankan climate). It survived the early translation performed by George Turnour and the consequent attention it garnered from Western Orientalists. And it survived through numerous other intervening interpretations, finally making its way into the hands of modern interpretive communities and scholars alike. Modern scholars must be grateful to all these scribes and interpreters, without whom the text may not have survived at all. Yet we must not forget the work that these interpretations have exerted on our modern understanding of the text. As I hope to have shown by now, key operative facets of this text—its literary form, function, and aims as well as the emotionally provocative, religious work it can perform on the primed reader—warrant a reorientation of modern scholarship on this monumental text....
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Wei, S., and A. W. ,. Jr Castleman. "Reaction Dynamics in Femtosecond and Microsecond Time Windows: Ammonia Clusters as a Paradigm." In Chemical Reactions in Clusters. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090048.003.0009.
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The last decade has seen tremendous growth in the study of gas phase clusters. Some areas of cluster research which have received considerable attention in this regard include solvation (Lee et al. 1980), (Armirav et al. 1982), and reactivity (Dantus et al. 1991; Khudkar and Zewail 1990; Rosker et al. 1988; Scherer et al. 1987). In particular, studies of the dynamics of formation and dissociation, and the changing properties of clusters at successively higher degrees of aggregation, enable an investigation of the basic mechanisms of nucleation and the continuous transformation of matter from the gas phase to the condensed phase to be probed at the molecular level (Castleman and Keesee 1986a, 1988). In this context, the progressive clustering of a molecule involves energy transfer and redistribution within the molecular system, with attendant processes of unimolecular dissociation taking place between growth steps (Kay and Castleman 1983). Related processes of energy transfer, proton transfer, and dissociation are also operative during the reorientation of molecules about ions produced during the primary ionization event required in detecting clusters via mass spectrometry (Castleman and Keesee 1986b), providing further motivation for studies of the reaction dynamics of clusters (Begemann et al. 1986; Boesl et al 1992; Castleman and Keesee 1987; Echt et al. 1985; Levine and Bernstein 1987; Lifshitz et al. 1990; Lifshitz and Louage 1989, 1990; Märk 1987; Märk and Castleman 1984, 1986; Morgan and Castleman 1989; Stace and Moore 1983; Wei et al. 1990a,b). The real-time probing of cluster reaction dynamics is a facilitating research field through femtosecond pump-probe techniques pioneered by Zewail and coworkers (Dantus et al. 1991; Khundkar and Zewail 1990; Rosker et al. 1988; Scherer et al. 1987). Some real-time investigations have been performed on metal, van der Waals, and hydrogen-bonded clusters by employing these pump-probe spectroscopic techniques. For example, the photoionization and fragmentation of sodium clusters have been investigated by ion mass spectrometry and zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy in both picosecond (Schreiber et al. 1992) and femtosecond (Baumert et al. 1992, 1993; Bühler et al. 1992) time domains. Studies have also been made to elucidate the effect of solvation on intracluster reactions.
Conference papers on the topic "Reorientation of attention"
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Horinouchi, Suguru, Hiroaki Imai, Hiroshi Hirashima, Keiichi Mito, and Keisuke Sasaki. "Second order nonlinearity in glass film waveguides." In Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1996.fd.17.
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To date a lot of work1 has been carried out to understand the mechanism of second order nonlinearity in glass materials, but it has not been fully elucidated yet. Myers et al., who first reported2 a permanent second order nonlinearity of a poled bulk fused silica glass, explained the origin3 by a simple ionic charge transport model in combination with bond reorientation. Our group demonstrated phase-matched second harmonic generation (SHG) in corona-poled glass film waveguides4,5. The waveguide structure is essential for the further applications in integrated optics. Nevertheless the study on the quadratic nonlinearity in glass waveguides has not attracted much attention. In this article studies on the second order nonlinearity in corona-poled Coming 7059 glass film waveguides are reported.
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Tan, Honghao, and Mohammad H. Elahinia. "Modeling and Control of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMA) Actuators." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14951.
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FSMAs like Ni-Mn-Ga have attracted significant attention over the last few years. As actuators, these materials offer high energy density, large stroke, and high bandwidth. These properties make FSMAs potential candidates for the new generation of actuators. The preliminary dynamic characterization of Ni-Mn-Ga illustrates evident nonlinear behaviors including hysteresis, saturation, first cycle effects, and dead zone. In order to control precisely the position output, a dynamic model is presented for a Ni-Mn-Ga actuator. The actuator model consists of the dynamics of the actuator, kinematics of the actuator, constitutive model of the material, and reorientation kinetics. Simulations results are presented to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of the actuator. Then, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm is developed based on the simulation model. The simulation results of step response reveal that the controllable position is between the residual displacement and the maximum stroke. This range is determined by the properties of materials and the stiffness of the spring. The tracking are achieved with the PID controller when the reference are with the valid range.
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Lemmens, Karel, Christelle Cachoir, Elie Valcke, Karine Ferrand, Marc Aertsens, and Thierry Mennecart. "The Strategy of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre in the Area of High-Level Waste Form Compatibility Research." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7232.
Full textAbstract:
The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) has a long-standing expertise in research concerning the compatibility of waste forms with the final disposal environment. For high level waste, most attention goes to two waste forms that are relevant for Belgium, namely (1) vitrified waste from the reprocessing of spent fuel, and (2) spent fuel as such, referring to the direct disposal scenario. The expertise lies especially in the study of the chemical interactions between the waste forms and the disposal environment. This is done by laboratory experiments, supported by modeling. The experiments vary from traditional leach tests, to more specific tests for the determination of particular parameters, and highly realistic experiments. This results in a description of the phenomena that are expected upon disposal of the waste forms, and in quantitative data that allow a conservative long-term prediction of the in situ life time of the waste form. The predictions are validated by in situ experiments in the underground research laboratory HADES. The final objective of these studies, is to estimate the contribution of the waste form to the overall safety of the disposal system, as part of the Safety and Feasibility Case, planned by the national agency ONDRAF/NIRAS. The recent change of the Belgian disposal concept from an engineered barrier system based on the use of bentonite clay to a system based on a concrete buffer has caused a reorientation of the research programme. The expertise in the area of clay-waste interaction will however be maintained, to develop experimental methodologies in collaboration with other countries, and as a potential support to the decision making in those countries where a clay based near field is still the reference. The paper explains the current R&D approach, and highlights some recent experimental set-ups available at SCK•CEN for this purpose, with some illustrating results.
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Fischer, Andre. "New transmedia design for traditional film festivals." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.121.
Full textAbstract:
The disruptive transformations process in the audiovisual sector were unexpectedly accelerated after the covid-19 pandemic. This caused a rearrangement in the chain of the distribution, exhibition and circulation, thus restructuring the whole design of film festivals, once considered the launching point of this entire industry and strongly based on specific physical locations. Streaming has become the main way in which image and sound content are distributed. Entertainment became multiplatform and interactive, changing the way in which narratives are structured, and these contents are produced and consumed. The convergence of media made porous the boundaries between what are conventionally called video, cinema, theater and performance. The platformization process permanently changed the traditional model of audiovisual distribution, staffing and curation of festivals - which undergo a hybridization operation that allows the potential use of interactive resources and online delivery of movies, plays and performances to audiences all around the globe. To understand the potential of transformations, the study investigates in depth the experience of MixBrasil Festival, largest LGBTQIA+ cultural event in Latin America, created in 1993, showcasing multiple formats and techniques (cinema, theater, music, literature). With digital content being programmed since 2018, in 2020 it expanded its online exhibition to four different digital platforms. The study is carried out concurrently with the monitoring of MixBrasil and other film festivals held in Brazil, considering what strategies are being adopted and how they will stand out as innovative - or just replications of the traditional movie theater model. It also aims to identify processes, paths and perspectives for the sector considering that the old template for launching films used since the 1950´s might no longer be applicable to the current state of the industry. Facts and trends that are forcing these events to face a crisis of identity and questioning the viability of a (still) prestigious circuit. Platformization implies the adoption of online functionalities integrated at economic and infrastructure levels which fully affects the organization strategies of festivals. Therefore, a change in the way of thinking the place of film festivals in the industry chain is in progress: as a possible space for capturing data from the public to support future curatorships and permanent actions which would make them more dynamic and relevant. Associated with this process is the notion of attention economy and the reorientation of users as active producers of culture, in the way they can affect the hybrid future of festivals. Metrics recurrently used like engagement, geolocation, retention and abandon rates are necessary to identify obstacles and potentialities that the new scenario presents. The research is raising additional questions about the behavior and expectations of different age groups, the motivations of audiences for attending festivals. It also investigates why although movie theaters are closing, distributors keep restrictions on festival theatrical screenings. This is a unique opportunity to reflect on perspectives for audiovisual festivals in order to capture viewers' attention, reposition their relevance to society, get the (re)cognition of different audiences and forge new experiences.
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Charitonidou, Marianna. "The Reconceptualization of the City’s Ugliness Between the 1950s and 1970s in the British, Italian, and Australian Milieus." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3981pqn6x.
Full textAbstract:
The paper examines the reorientations of the appreciation of ugliness within different national contexts in a comparative or relational frame, juxtaposing the British, Italian, and Australian milieus, and to relate them to the ways in which the transformation of the urban fabric and the effect of suburbanization were perceived in the aforementioned national contexts. Special attention is paid to the production and dissemination of the ways the city’s uglification was conceptualized between the 1950s and 1970s. Pivotal for the issues that this paper addresses are Ian Nairn’s Outrage: On the Disfigurement of Town and Countryside (1956) Robin Boyd’s Australian Ugliness (1960), and the way the phenomenon of urban expansion is treated in these books in comparison with other books from the four national contexts under study, such as Ludovico Quaroni’s La torre di Babele (1967) and Reyner Banham’s The New Brutalism: Ethic Or Aesthetic? (1966).
Reports on the topic "Reorientation of attention"
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Tarasenko, Rostyslav O., Svitlana M. Amelina, Yuliya M. Kazhan, and Olga V. Bondarenko. The use of AR elements in the study of foreign languages at the university. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4421.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the analysis of the impact of the using AR technology in the study of a foreign language by university students. It is stated out that AR technology can be a good tool for learning a foreign language. The use of elements of AR in the course of studying a foreign language, in particular in the form of virtual excursions, is proposed. Advantages of using AR technology in the study of the German language are identified, namely: the possibility of involvement of different channels of information perception, the integrity of the representation of the studied object, the faster and better memorization of new vocabulary, the development of communicative foreign language skills. The ease and accessibility of using QR codes to obtain information about the object of study from open Internet sources is shown. The results of a survey of students after virtual tours are presented. A reorientation of methodological support for the study of a foreign language at universities is proposed. Attention is drawn to the use of AR elements in order to support students with different learning styles (audio, visual, kinesthetic).
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Tarasenko, Rostyslav O., Svitlana M. Amelina, Yuliya M. Kazhan, and Olga V. Bondarenko. The use of AR elements in the study of foreign languages at the university. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4421.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the analysis of the impact of the using AR technology in the study of a foreign language by university students. It is stated out that AR technology can be a good tool for learning a foreign language. The use of elements of AR in the course of studying a foreign language, in particular in the form of virtual excursions, is proposed. Advantages of using AR technology in the study of the German language are identified, namely: the possibility of involvement of different channels of information perception, the integrity of the representation of the studied object, the faster and better memorization of new vocabulary, the development of communicative foreign language skills. The ease and accessibility of using QR codes to obtain information about the object of study from open Internet sources is shown. The results of a survey of students after virtual tours are presented. A reorientation of methodological support for the study of a foreign language at universities is proposed. Attention is drawn to the use of AR elements in order to support students with different learning styles (audio, visual, kinesthetic).