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Journal articles on the topic 'Reorganisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Barry, Sarah, Malgorzata Stach, Steve Thomas, and Sara Burke. "Understanding service reorganisation in the Irish health & social care system from 1998 to 2020: lessons for reform and transformation." HRB Open Research 4 (September 24, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13342.1.

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Background: Given policy drives for integrated care and other reforms requiring service reorganisation this study analyses service reorganisation in the Irish health and social care system from 1998 to 2020 with the aim of identifying lessons for reform implementation and system learning generally. Methods: A mixed-method, co-designed study of three distinct datasets through in a policy document analysis, a thematic analysis of interviews with elite respondents, and a formal review of the international literature, sets the Irish reorganisation story in the context of services and system reorganisation elsewhere. This approach is apt given the complexity involved. Results: We find repeated policy declarations for forms of integrated care from the early 1990s in Ireland. These have not resulted in effective change across the system due to political, organisational and implementation failures. We identify poor clarity and commitment to policy and process, weak change management and resourcing, and reluctance from within the system to change established ways of working, cultures and allegiances. Given its narrative approach and identification of key lessons, this study is of use to policy makers, researchers and practitioners, clinical and managerial. It forms part of a bigger project of evidence building for the implementation of Sláintecare, Ireland’s 10-year health system reform programme. Conclusions: The paper captures important lessons for regionalisation of services delivery and other reorganisations in service-based systems more generally. We find evidence of a negative policy/implementation/practice cycle repeatedly missing opportunities for reform. Learning to break this cycle is essential for implementing Sláintecare and other complex reorganisational health reforms generally.

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2

Leach, Steve. "Reorganisation, Reorganisation, Reorganisation: A Critical Analysis of the Sequence of Local Government Reorganisation Initiatives, 1979–2008." Local Government Studies 35, no. 1 (February 2009): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930802574433.

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3

Craig, Gary, and Jill Manthorpe. "Stressing Reorganisation." Journal of Integrated Care 5, no. 3 (June 1997): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14769018199700021.

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4

O'Rielly, Connor, Joshua Ng-Kamstra, Ania Kania-Richmond, Joseph Dort, Jonathan White, Jill Robert, Mary Brindle, and Khara Sauro. "Surgery and COVID-19: a rapid scoping review of the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on surgical services." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e043966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043966.

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ObjectivesTo understand how surgical services have been reorganised during and following public health emergencies, particularly the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the consequences for patients, healthcare providers and healthcare systems.DesignA rapid scoping review.SettingWe searched the MEDLINE, Embase and grey literature sources for documents and press releases from governments and surgical organisations or associations.ParticipantsStudies examining surgical service delivery during public health emergencies including COVID-19, and the impact on patients, providers and healthcare systems were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were strategies implemented for the reorganisation of surgical services. Secondary were the impacts of reorganisation and resuming surgical services, such as: adverse events (including morbidity and mortality), primary care and emergency department visits, length of hospital and ICU stay, and changes to surgical waitlists.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-two studies were included in this review; 111 described reorganisation of surgical services, 55 described the consequences of reorganising surgical services; and 6 reported actions taken to rebuild surgical capacity in public health emergencies. Reorganisations of surgical services were grouped under six domains: case selection/triage, personal protective equipment (PPE) regulations and practice, workforce composition and deployment, outpatient and inpatient patient care, resident and fellow education, and the hospital or clinical environment. Service reorganisations led to large reductions in non-urgent surgical volumes, increases in surgical wait times and impacted medical training (ie, reduced case involvement) and patient outcomes (eg, increases in pain). Strategies for rebuilding surgical capacity were scarce but focused on the availability of staff, PPE and patient readiness for surgery as key factors to consider before resuming services.ConclusionsReorganisation of surgical services in response to public health emergencies appears to be context dependent and has far-reaching consequences that must be better understood in order to optimise future health system responses to public health emergencies.

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5

Jensen, Johan Høy, Esben Meulengracht Flachs, Janne Skakon, Naja Hulvej Rod, and Jens Peter Bonde. "Dual impact of organisational change on subsequent exit from work unit and sickness absence: a longitudinal study among public healthcare employees." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 7 (May 14, 2018): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104865.

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ObjectivesWe investigated work-unit exit, total and long-term sickness absence following organisational change among public healthcare employees.MethodsThe study population comprised employees from the Capital Region of Denmark (n=14 388). Data on reorganisation at the work-unit level (merger, demerger, relocation, change of management, employee layoff or budget cut) between July and December 2013 were obtained via surveys distributed to the managers of each work unit. Individual-level data on work-unit exit, total and long-term sickness absence (≥29 days) in 2014 were obtained from company registries. For exposure to any, each type or number of reorganisations (1, 2 or ≥3), the HRs and 95% CIs for subsequent work-unit exit were estimated by Cox regression, and the risk for total and long-term sickness absence were estimated by zero-inflated Poisson regression.ResultsReorganisation was associated with subsequent work-unit exit (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.19) in the year after reorganisation. This association was specifically important for exposure to ≥3 types of changes (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.79), merger (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.49), demerger (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.71) or change of management (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38). Among the employees remaining in the work unit, reorganisation was also associated with more events of long-term sickness absence (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33), which was particularly important for merger (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.72) and employee layoff (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.59).ConclusionsSpecific types of reorganisation seem to have a dual impact on subsequent work-unit exit and sickness absence in the year after change.

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6

Augustin, H., and H. Förster. "Reorganisation durch Informationssysteme." Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 91, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-1996-911024.

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7

Riesenfeld, Stefan A., and Axel Flessner. "Sanierung Und Reorganisation." American Journal of Comparative Law 33, no. 2 (1985): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840209.

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8

Mary, Quirk. "CDC reorganisation begins." Lancet Infectious Diseases 4, no. 7 (July 2004): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01076-x.

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9

Young, Lynn. "Revolution not reorganisation." Primary Health Care 20, no. 4 (May 1, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.20.4.10.s10.

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10

Halpern, Stephen. "Essay criticises reorganisation." British Journal of Healthcare Management 5, no. 10 (October 1999): 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.1999.5.10.19471.

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11

Göppner, Ralf, and Anna-Lena Thiele. "Reorganisation als Investition." Versicherungsmagazin 52, no. 4 (April 2005): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03244491.

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12

Strunz, M. "Reorganisation von Instandhaltungsstrukturen." wt Werkstattstechnik online 90, no. 9 (2000): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2000-9-365.

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13

Petkovšek, Veronika, Nevenka Hrovatin, and Primož Pevcin. "Reorganising Local Public Utilities: Where and Why We Can Argue for the Remunicipalization Trends?" NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2023-0016.

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Abstract The paper is based on the use of evidence to scrutinise the effect of the Public-Private Partnership Act on the local public utility providers, where the context of the water and wastewater sector in Slovenia serves as an example. The Act affected the legal status of public enterprises, where solely public ownership was prescribed, and therefore demanded the reorganisation of existing public enterprises. The paper aims to evaluate the reorganisation process and the trend of remunicipalisation, the motives of reorganisation (political, pragmatic or transformative) and the advantages and disadvantages of the reorganisation process. A detailed, structured online questionnaire was designed and pretested for primary data collection to reach these aims. The questionnaire was sent to the Slovenian local public utility providers in water and wastewater management. The data was collated from 2018 to 2020. It was used in the analysis to provide evidence about the outcomes of the reorganisation process. The results show that new legislation contributed to increased public ownership in local public utility provision. The results also reveal that pragmatic motivating factors contributed to increased municipal buying out of private investors from (public) enterprises. The reorganisation process led municipalities into remunicipalisation, meaning that full municipal ownership and control increased.

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14

Schönheit, M. "Reorganisation braucht den Erfolgsnachweis." Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 92, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1997): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-1997-927-825.

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15

Fojut, Simone. "Vainchas: Reorganisation als Chance." Call Center Profi 6, no. 3 (June 2003): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03244186.

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16

Brown, A. "Reorganisation of the SVS." Veterinary Record 136, no. 22 (June 3, 1995): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.136.22.571-b.

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17

Bennett, M. "Reorganisation of the SVS." Veterinary Record 136, no. 22 (June 3, 1995): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.136.22.571-c.

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18

WILLIAMS, JOHN. "REORGANISATION AT ALL COSTS:." Journal of the Institute of Mental Subnormality (APEX) 2, no. 4 (August 26, 2009): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1975.tb00114.x.

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19

Douglas, Colin. "Give reorganisation a chance." BMJ 331, no. 7520 (October 6, 2005): 853.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7520.853-a.

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20

Leach, Robert. "Local Government Reorganisation RIP?" Political Quarterly 69, no. 1 (January 1998): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.00134.

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21

Huse, E., W. Larbig, N. Birbaumer, and H. Flor. "Kortikale Reorganisation und Schmerz." Der Schmerz 15, no. 2 (April 3, 2001): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004820170037.

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22

Grande, M., and W. Huber. "Funktionelle Reorganisation bei Aphasie." Sprache · Stimme · Gehör 29, no. 3 (September 2005): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-873122.

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23

BUCKATXSCH, E. J. "REORGANISATION OF INLAND TRANSPORT." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 4, no. 16 (May 1, 2009): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1942.mp4016001.x.

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24

Ziemann, U. "Plastizität, Reorganisation und Rehabilitation." Klinische Neurophysiologie 44, no. 04 (December 20, 2013): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1355397.

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25

Erasmus, J. H., and J. P. Wulfsberg. "Reorganisation des globalen Qualitätsmanagements*." wt Werkstattstechnik online 97, no. 4 (2007): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2007-4-249.

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26

Schweicher, B. "Reorganisation der überbetrieblichen Auftragsabwicklung." wt Werkstattstechnik online 96, no. 9 (2006): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2006-9-698.

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27

KUZNETSOV, A. A. "WITHDRAWAL OF A SHAREHOLDER IN THE CASE OF A REORGANISATION: EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS AS A REMEDY." Civil Law Review 20, no. 6 (February 20, 2021): 168–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/1992-2043-2020-20-6-168-190.

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The article discusses the right to withdraw from a company as a method of shareholder protection in the event of reorganisation. In particular, the disadvantages of this method of protection are analysed and it is concluded that it generates significant costs and legal and economic uncertainty. It is therefore proposed that the right of withdrawal in the event of reorganisation should be abandoned unless such reorganisation results in a significant change in the company.

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28

Stupak, T. S. "Reorganisation of a legal entity: the essence and understanding of its manifestation (creation or termination)." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 105, no. 2 (Part 1) (June 29, 2024): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2024.2.06.

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The problematic issues related to the legislator’s priority task of regulating changes in the property status of a legal entity in the course of its reorganisation are outlined, which ensures the organisational and legal transformation of the organisation through effective redistribution of resources and enhancing the modernisation of the country’s economic stability as a whole. The current state of the legal doctrine of understanding reorganisation as a legal phenomenon has no common denominator. It is studied as a method of termination of a legal entity; a method of emergence and/or termination of a legal entity(ies); a special procedure for the transfer of rights and obligations; a type of universal succession; a legal remedy; the procedural aspect of reorganisation actions is studied, pointing to the process, composition or set of legal facts, or it is proposed to abandon attempts to define the category of “reorganisation” altogether. Based on the analysis of the legal doctrine and current legislation, the conclusion that reorganisation is a special mechanism of transformation of a legal entity, which is manifested in a complex legal structure aimed at achieving a positive economic effect or bringing it into compliance with current legislation, resulting in termination and/or establishment of a new legal entity(ies) with the transfer to it of the property (or part thereof) of the legal entity being reorganised by way of legal succession, has been made. The opinion that an unambiguous statement that reorganisation is a form of either creation or termination of a legal entity is erroneous has been presented. This conclusion is based on the fact that current legislation enshrines different denominators for certain types of reorganisation – termination/establishment, but the relevant legal phenomenon should be studied comprehensively (as a whole). In this case, one section of such a legal structure will indicate the creation and the other one will indicate the termination of a legal entity, which is manifested within the reorganisation procedure of one organisation.

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29

Munser, René K. "Multidimensionales Organisationsmanagement." zfo 92, no. 2 (2023): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34156/0722-7485-2023-2-106.

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Bei Reorganisationen treten in der Praxis häufig wiederkehrende Fehler auf. Diese Fehler lassen sich den fünf »Gestaltungsvariablen des Organisationsmanagements« zuordnen und können folglich bearbeitet bzw. gestaltet werden. Nichts anderes ist die Aufgabe der Unternehmensleitung und der Projektgruppe, die die Reorganisation verantwortet: die Unternehmensorganisation der Zukunft erfolgreich zu gestalten. Ausgehend von einer Fehlerkultur, die eigene vorangegangene Fehler offen zugibt und als Lernchancen begreift, lassen sich durch eine verbesserte, proaktive und synchrone Vorabplanung der Organisationsvariablen Nachteile für das Unternehmen reduzieren. Die maßgeblichen Gestaltungshebel sind: eine verbesserte Planung und Kommunikation sowie die Integration von Mitarbeitern, des Personalbereichs, externer Interessenvertreter und der Umweltfaktoren.

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30

Muller, Florian. "Hydraulic and statistical study of metastable phenomena in PWR rod bundles." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 6 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019057.

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The analysis of fuel rod bundle flows constitutes a key element of Pressurized-Water Reactors (PWR) safety studies. The present work aims at improving our understanding of nefarious reorganisation phenomena observed by numerous studies in the flow large-scale structures. 3D simulations allowed identifying two distinct reorganisations consisting in a sign change for either a transverse velocity in rod-to-rod gaps or for a subchannel vortex. A Taylor “frozen turbulence” hypothesis was adopted to model the evolution of large-scale 3D structures as transported-2D. A statistical method was applied to the 2D field to determine its thermodynamically stable states through an optimization problem. Similarities were obtained between the PWR coherent structures and the stable states in a simplified 2D geometry. Further, 2D simulations allowed identifying two possible flow bifurcations, each related to one of the reorganisations observed in 3D simulations, laying the foundations for a physical explanation of this phenomenon.

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31

Keci, Andromeda, Klejda Tani, and Joana Xhema. "Role of Rehabilitation in Neural Plasticity." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 9 (May 14, 2019): 1540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.295.

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AIM: Verifying if physical therapy, neurostimulation techniques, aerobic fitness and video games can induce neural plasticity making it possible for cortical reorganisation, motor recovery in patients, improvement of cognitive functions and transfer of spatial knowledge in the everyday living environment. METHODS: There have been revised scientific articles respectively focused on the role of pain, the role of physical therapy, neurostimulation techniques and video games in cortical reorganisation. Articles related to the role of pain have taken in the study subjects with pain, to observe its role in cortical reorganisation. Studies related to physical therapy and neurostimulation techniques after cerebrovascular accident consisted of the involvement of these subjects which exposed to different neurostimulations. Also, related to cognition and video games subjects exposed to these interventions for cognitive benefits. RESULTS: From all articles reviewed there have been effective results of neurostimulation techniques, aerobic fitness and video games in cortical reorganisation inducing neural plasticity (p < 0.05) toward motor recovery, improvement of executive functions and transfer of spatial knowledge. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation through locomotor training and neurostimulation techniques, improves mobility in subjects after a cerebrovascular accident due to cortical reorganisation. Also, through aerobic fitness and video games, there have been improvements in cognitive functions. This way, rehabilitation dedicated to the promotion of well-being and health urges beneficial neuroplastic changes in brain corresponding in functional improvement.

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32

Rehm, Markus, Andreas Jacob, Thorsten Schmidt, David Wustmann, and Michael Völker. "Reorganisation und -strukturierung von Teilefertigern." ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 106, no. 9 (September 28, 2011): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/104.110627.

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33

Melter, Claus. "Von den Folgen der Reorganisation." Sozialwirtschaft 23, no. 1 (2013): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1613-0707-2013-1-38.

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34

Boekhoff, Hanno, and Norbert Gronau. "Was kommt nach der Reorganisation?" Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 94, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-1999-0077.

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Abstract Unternehmerisches Handeln wird wesentlich durch die Frage geprägt, wie die Effizienz der Organisation und damit die Position des Unternehmens am Markt gesteigert werden kann. Häufig werden zur Leistungssteigerung der Organisation EDV-Lösungen eingeführt. Nicht auszuschließen ist jedoch, daß diese die in sie gesetzten Erwartungen nicht immer erfüllen. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen sind über traditionelle Hierarchien hinausgehende organisatorische Maßnahmen wesentlich wirkungsvoller. Auf Dauer haben solche Maßnahmen nur dann Erfolg, wenn neben der Veränderung der Organisationsstruktur auch eine Veränderung der Organisationskultur und hier insbesondere der Führungskultur stattfindet.

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35

Žalud, Václav, and Jan Králíček. "VALUE ADDED TAX IN REORGANISATION." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.611.

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36

Ridding, M. C., and J. C. Rothwell. "Reorganisation in human motor cortex." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-032.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex was used to construct a map of the effective sites on the scalp from which short-latency electromyogram responses could be evoked in muscles proximal to either an amputation stump (two subjects) or an ischemically anesthetized forearm (two subjects). At rest, the maps were larger and the responses bigger when stimulating contralateral to the amputated arm or after anesthesia than they were in the intact arm or before anesthesia. However, this difference disappeared when the maps were constructed during a small tonic voluntary contraction of the target muscle. We conclude that reorganisation of the corticospinal projection to a muscle at rest may no longer be present during activity. If so, this calls into question the possible functional benefits of such reorganisation in the control of movement after peripheral damage.Key words: motor cortex, magnetic stimulation, amputation, ischemia.

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37

Ellis, Geoffrey. "Napoleon: Conquest, Reform and Reorganisation." English Historical Review 120, no. 489 (December 1, 2005): 1453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei455.

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38

Rowe, PaulM. "USA: Reorganisation of AIDS research." Lancet 341, no. 8847 (March 1993): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90505-b.

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39

Foley, Griff. "Adult Education and Capitalist Reorganisation." Studies in the Education of Adults 26, no. 2 (October 1994): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02660830.1994.11730602.

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40

Booth, F. "UK blood donation needs reorganisation." BMJ 317, no. 7153 (July 25, 1998): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7153.281a.

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41

SPANJER, M. "Hitch in Dutch research reorganisation." Lancet 342, no. 8879 (October 1993): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92077-7.

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42

Lyons, Nathan J., Pedro Val, James S. Albert, Jane K. Willenbring, and Nicole M. Gasparini. "Topographic controls on divide migration, stream capture, and diversification in riverine life." Earth Surface Dynamics 8, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 893–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-893-2020.

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Abstract. Drainages reorganise in landscapes under diverse conditions and process dynamics that impact biotic distributions and evolution. We first investigated the relative control that Earth surface process parameters have on divide migration and stream capture in scenarios of base-level fall and heterogeneous uplift. A model built with the Landlab toolkit was run 51 200 times in sensitivity analyses that used globally observed values. Large-scale drainage reorganisation occurred only in the model runs within a limited combination of parameters and conditions. Uplift rate, rock erodibility, and the magnitude of perturbation (base-level fall or fault displacement) had the greatest influence on drainage reorganisation. The relative magnitudes of perturbation and topographic relief limited landscape susceptibility to reorganisation. Stream captures occurred more often when the channel head distance to divide was low. Stream topology set by initial conditions strongly affected capture occurrence when the imposed uplift was spatially heterogeneous. We also integrated simulations of geomorphic and biologic processes to investigate relationships among topographic relief, drainage reorganisation, and riverine species diversification in the two scenarios described above. We used a new Landlab component called SpeciesEvolver that models species at landscape scale following macroevolutionary process rules. More frequent stream capture and less frequent stream network disappearance due to divide migration increased speciation and decreased extinction, respectively, especially in the heterogeneous uplift scenario in which final species diversity was often greater than the base-level fall scenario. Under both scenarios, the landscape conditions that led to drainage reorganisation also controlled diversification. Across the model trials, the climatic or tectonic perturbation was more likely in low-relief landscapes to drive more extensive drainage reorganisation that in turn increased the diversity of riverine species lineages, especially for the species that evolved more rapidly. This model result supports recent research on natural systems that implicates drainage reorganisation as a mechanism of riverine species diversification in lowland basins. Future research applications of SpeciesEvolver software can incorporate complex climatic and tectonic forcings as they relate to macroevolution and surface processes, as well as region- and taxon-specific organisms based in rivers and those on continents at large.

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43

Wiącek-Burmańczuk, Aleksandra. "Effects of the Reorganisation of Cultural Institutions for the Area of Employment Relationships." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tkp.5305.

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The article discusses the problem of reorganisation of cultural institutions in the context of employment. The reorganisation of a cultural institution may take the form of a merger or split-up of institutions, and, in extreme cases, complete dissolution of such an entity. These forms of reorganisation are crucial for the employment relations inside the institution. Cultural institutions have legal personality, and they are separate from their founding bodies. Employees of cultural institutions also enjoy a special status: while their employment relations are governed by the provisions of the Labour Code, the specificity of work in cultural institutions is also governed by the provisions of the Act on the Organisation and Pursuit of Cultural Activities.

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44

Mano, Hiroaki, Gopal Kotecha, Kenji Leibnitz, Takashi Matsubara, Aya Nakae, Nicholas Shenker, Masahiko Shibata, et al. "Classification and characterisation of brain network changes in chronic back pain: A multicenter study." Wellcome Open Research 3 (March 1, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14069.1.

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Background. Chronic pain is a common, often disabling condition thought to involve a combination of peripheral and central neurobiological factors. However, the extent and nature of changes in the brain is poorly understood. Methods. We investigated brain network architecture using resting-state fMRI data in chronic back pain patients in the UK and Japan (41 patients, 56 controls), as well as open data from USA. We applied machine learning and deep learning (conditional variational autoencoder architecture) methods to explore classification of patients/controls based on network connectivity. We then studied the network topology of the data, and developed a multislice modularity method to look for consensus evidence of modular reorganisation in chronic back pain. Results. Machine learning and deep learning allowed reliable classification of patients in a third, independent open data set with an accuracy of 63%, with 68% in cross validation of all data. We identified robust evidence of network hub disruption in chronic pain, most consistently with respect to clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality. We found a consensus pattern of modular reorganisation involving extensive, bilateral regions of sensorimotor cortex, and characterised primarily by negative reorganisation - a tendency for sensorimotor cortex nodes to be less inclined to form pairwise modular links with other brain nodes. In contrast, intraparietal sulcus displayed a propensity towards positive modular reorganisation, suggesting that it might have a role in forming modules associated with the chronic pain state. Conclusion. The results provide evidence of consistent and characteristic brain network changes in chronic pain, characterised primarily by extensive reorganisation of the network architecture of the sensorimotor cortex.

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Commission, European. "A reorganização das retaguardas administrativas de governo para a melhoria dos serviços públicos eletrônicos." Revista do Serviço Público 57, no. 1 (February 19, 2014): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v57i1.191.

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Este texto constitui parte do primeiro volume do relatório Reorganisation of government backoffices for better electronic public services - European good practices (back-office reorganisation), apresentado à Comissão Européia em janeiro de 2004. O estudo foi patrocinado pelo Directorate General for Information Society and Media (Diretório Geral para a Sociedade da Informação e Mídia) da Comissão Européia. Tradução de Claudia Asazu e revisão técnica de Leonardo Moreira Figueira.

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Elvers, Margitta. "RhoGAPs und Rho-GTPasen in Thrombozyten." Hämostaseologie 36, no. 03 (2016): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5482/hamo-14-09-0046.

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ZusammenfassungDie Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts in Thrombozyten ist essenziell für die Thrombozytenadhäsion und Thrombusbildung in Hämostase und Thrombose. Die Rho-GTPasen RhoA, Rac1 und Cdc42 spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts, indem sie die Bildung von Filopodien und Lamellipodien induzieren und somit für die Oberflächenvergrößerung der Thrombozyten wäh-rend der Aktivierung verantwortlich sind. Rho-GTPasen beeinflussen zudem die Prozesse der Thrombozytenaktivität und Aggregatbildung durch Modulation der Sekretion, Integrinaktivierung und arteriellen Thrombusbildung. Die Aktivität der Rho-GTPasen wird von verschiedenen Proteinen kontrolliert, z. B. den GTPase aktivierenden Proteinen (GTPase activating proteins, GAPs). GAPs lösen die Inaktivierung des Guaninnukleotidbindenden Proteins durch Stimulierung der GTPase-Aktivität aus. Die Rolle und Bedeutung von GAPs in Thrombozyten ist nur wenig verstanden und viele der bekannten Rho-GAPs sind bisher nicht in Thrombozyten identifiziert oder hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion charakterisiert worden. Die kürzlich entdeckten RhoGAPs Oligophrenin1 (OPHN1) und Nadrin regulieren die Aktivität von RhoA, Rac1 und Cdc42 und nachfolgend die Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts und die Aktivierung von Thrombozyten sowie die Thrombusbildung. In den letzten Jahren trug die Analyse gene-tisch-modifizierter Mäuse dazu bei, grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung von RhoGTPasen und ihren Regulatoren für die Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts und andere Rhovermittelte zelluläre Prozesse in Thrombozyten zu gewinnen.

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Timm, J. David, and Frank Papenmeier. "(Re-)organisation of spatial configurations in visual working memory: The fate of objects rendered relevant or irrelevant by selective attention." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 12 (September 20, 2020): 2246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820951130.

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People maintain object locations not as independent absolute positions but based on inter-object relations in the form of a spatial configuration in visual working memory (VWM). Initial evidence suggests that spatial configurations can be reorganised during maintenance; however, this mechanism is not well understood. We report three experiments investigating this reorganisation process. First, we found that directing spatial attention with a retro cue triggers a reorganisation of spatial configurations during maintenance (Experiment 1). Second, we investigated the role of contextual objects rendered either relevant or irrelevant through the retro cue by manipulating the locations of the context at retrieval both within a partial display (Experiment 2a) and a whole display (Experiment 2b). Whereas the similar impairment of memory performance by changing the relevant and global context suggests a complete reorganisation of spatial configurations in VWM, this interpretation was challenged by the observation of impaired memory performance with changes of the irrelevant objects in a whole display that retains the relevant locations. Thus, we suggest that reorganisation should be considered to be the formation of a partial configuration based on the objects rendered relevant by the retro cue in addition to the originally encoded global configuration, with both configurations affecting memory performance.

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Burgoyne, Robert D., and Timothy R. Cheek. "Reorganisation of peripheral actin filaments as a prelude to exocytosis." Bioscience Reports 7, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01121449.

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Evidence is presented, from studies on the adrenal chromaffin cell, that reorganisation of the cortical actin network is necessary to allow granules to reach exocytotic sites in stimulated cells. This reorganisation may involve changes in actin filament cross-linking, assembly and interactions with secretory granule and plasma membranes. The possibility is discussed that cytoskeletal elements including the membrane-binding proteins caldesmon, p70 and p36 may be involved in granule-plasmalemmal interactions immediately prior to exocytosis.

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Mano, Hiroaki, Gopal Kotecha, Kenji Leibnitz, Takashi Matsubara, Christian Sprenger, Aya Nakae, Nicholas Shenker, et al. "Classification and characterisation of brain network changes in chronic back pain: A multicenter study." Wellcome Open Research 3 (October 10, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14069.2.

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Background. Chronic pain is a common, often disabling condition thought to involve a combination of peripheral and central neurobiological factors. However, the extent and nature of changes in the brain is poorly understood. Methods. We investigated brain network architecture using resting-state fMRI data in chronic back pain patients in the UK and Japan (41 patients, 56 controls), as well as open data from USA. We applied machine learning and deep learning (conditional variational autoencoder architecture) methods to explore classification of patients/controls based on network connectivity. We then studied the network topology of the data, and developed a multislice modularity method to look for consensus evidence of modular reorganisation in chronic back pain. Results. Machine learning and deep learning allowed reliable classification of patients in a third, independent open data set with an accuracy of 63%, with 68% in cross validation of all data. We identified robust evidence of network hub disruption in chronic pain, most consistently with respect to clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality. We found a consensus pattern of modular reorganisation involving extensive, bilateral regions of sensorimotor cortex, and characterised primarily by negative reorganisation - a tendency for sensorimotor cortex nodes to be less inclined to form pairwise modular links with other brain nodes. Furthermore, these regions were found to display increased connectivity with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, a region known to be involved in endogenous pain control. In contrast, intraparietal sulcus displayed a propensity towards positive modular reorganisation, suggesting that it might have a role in forming modules associated with the chronic pain state. Conclusion. The results provide evidence of consistent and characteristic brain network changes in chronic pain, characterised primarily by extensive reorganisation of the network architecture of the sensorimotor cortex.

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McCauchan, Julie. "Call to involve nurses in reorganisation." Nursing Standard 10, no. 3 (October 11, 1995): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.10.3.16.s27.

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