Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rénovation urbaine – France'
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Léostic, Fanny. "Rénovation urbaine, mobilités résidentielles et changement social : études comparées." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100192/document.
In 2003, a landmark enactment was passed in France to fight urban blight. Since then, the French government is engaged in a policy of major urban renewal that targets run-down neighborhoods in central or peripheral urban areas. Local projects consist in refurbishing existing buildings or in tearing down and rebuilding old ones, as a way to promote spatial and social changes. Those programs induce different types of residential mobility, from mandatory mobility implemented by local players, to mobility that is more spontaneous. This thesis addresses the impact of those projects upon the evolution of the targeted areas, studied on a middle-term basis. Do the spatial and social dynamics of those areas radically change? What are the social consequences of the transformations of the built environment and of residential mobility? Our approach is inductive, and pragmatic. The comparison of four projects, statistically studied, allows us to test the hypothesis of an impact of place on urban renewal. As the result of our analysis, structural facts, such as housing stock, or social and geographical contexts, appear to be determining factors of the evolution of the studied areas. Residential mobility tends to re-concentrate disadvantaged people, thus increasing spatial fragmentation – which does not match the initial goals of the 2003 law
Juste, Nicolas. "Une politique de mobilité est-elle une alternative pertinente à la rénovation urbaine ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILA001.
In Europe, as in the United States, public authorities pay particular attention to the existence within our cities of neighborhoods that concentrate social problems. Post-war social housing estates, American black ghettos, formerly dynamic city centers - these neighborhoods take many forms and are the focus of specific programs in most countries. In France, action in these areas is known as "Politique de la Ville". The various programs put in place consider that the spatial concentration of poverty is at the root of the disorders observed. Guided by this premise, the public authorities have consistently sought to increase the social mix in these neighborhoods by diversifying the housing stock and population.Despite the sums involved, the results of the urban policy are mixed and difficult to assess. Could it be that improving the situation in these neighborhoods by increasing their social mix is a dead end? Is it possible to improve the lot of residents in neighborhoods where poverty is concentrated more effectively through a policy of increasing individual mobility? This question forms the core of this thesis, which is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is a methodological discussion dealing mainly with the objective that such a policy should pursue. We show that a mobility policy, if it results in improved accessibility to jobs, can be a convincing alternative policy. But we also show that the link between good job accessibility and low unemployment is not self-evident.The second chapter is devoted to the development of a complex urban model to understand the effects of a change in transport supply on the organization of a city in a context of job dispersion and lack of full employment among low-skilled workers. We propose original mechanisms for the distance to jobs and the location of unemployment, enabling us to obtain a city organization close to that observed empirically in a number of French conurbations. The main lesson is that good accessibility to jobs can be accompanied by an increase in the unemployment rate, as the neighborhood becomes attractive to job-seekers.The third and final chapter is an empirical and statistical analysis designed to compare the mechanisms used in the second chapter with real data from the Hauts-de-France and Île-de-France regions. We define and calculate two indicators of job accessibility, one of which represents the level of tension in the job market. We use these indicators, along with a set of control variables, to model the neighborhood unemployment rate using a simultaneous equation error term spatial dependence model (SUR-SEM). An increase in job accessibility will tend to raise the unemployment rate, as the neighborhood becomes more attractive to the unemployed. But if this accessibility translates into a lower level of tension in the job market, it will, on the contrary, translate into a lower unemployment rate.It turns out that the composition of the housing stock has a far greater impact on a neighborhood's unemployment level than its level of accessibility to jobs. But there's no reason to believe that this drop in unemployment is valid for the city as a whole. Poverty is diluted, so to speak. A reduction in the level of tension on the job market by improving people's mobility, on the other hand, will lead to a fall in the unemployment rate at both neighborhood and city level
Dias, Vaz Manuel. "Histoire et évolution de la politique de la ville en France de 1973 à 2006 : de l'habitat vie sociale au développement social urbain à la rénovation urbaine : parole d'acteurs." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21480.
This research identifies the key personalities who, for the last 30 years or more, have conceived impulsed and carried into effect Urban Policy in its dimensions of social, urban and economic development of "sensitive" neighbourhoods. It reveals the prominent part of networks of public, private and association actors engaged in the process of solving the increasing difficulties to which are faced the inhabitants of these suburban neighbourhoods. These women and men of conviction, inhabited by a sense of public service, of commonwealth, are doted with great humanism and open-mindedness. This thesis brings into perspective the great steps and foundation texts of this policy since 1973. During this period of time, French society has been through an acceleration of the process of urban concentration. It must now face the mutations generated by urban civilization, by great urban centers and by the "world-like" city, product of diversity. This piece of work also underlines a certain number of misfunctionings and lacks, reminding at the same time the important part and beneficial effects of Urban Policy in favour of suburban neighbourhoods as well as all the cities concerned by these measures. Structuring the city with and for its inhabitants, is promoting civic rights and allowing democracy to live on
Gaudin, Solène. "Villes moyennes et rénovation urbaine : discours et actions d’une transaction spatiale : exemples pris en Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20044/document.
The National Urban Renewal Programme (NERP), launched by the Borloo law passed on 1 August 2003, was explicitly designed as an answer to strong social and urban issues: housing obsolescence of the HLM, concentration of population in space which are considered as impoverished areas, relegation and discrimination according to nationality or geographical origin. Calibrated to address problems of the difficult areas of large cities, its diffusion to all priority areas and towards small and medium-sized towns reflects the success of the formula, and, by the way, a special appetite for action and communication about these "maxi urban projects" sometimes oversized.Mobilising a proofreading of transaction theories, we have analysed the stories and speeches of local actors and policy maker involved in large-scale operations of urban renewal in mid-sized cities across Brittany. In sum, we ask when, how and on what basis repose the commitment of the public authorities in the choice of demolition and how to understand the massive support of medium-sized cities in this device? This includes developing interest, on the one hand, about the concepts of space including in these operations and, secondly, to evalue and ask the logic of the action of the programme
Rojas, Arias Juan Carlos. "La politique de la démolition : rénovation urbaine et habitat social en France et en Colombie." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20023.
This thesis is dealing with a strong symbolic object, the demolition of the habitat as an object, a framework and urban renewal policies, and with its numerous dimensions : urban and architectural, technical, economical (land taxes and building sectors) and social (impact upon the inhabitants) policies. This thesis develops a transdisciplinary methodology articulating social sciences and architectural practices, and exploring interactions between the inhabitants of the city, urban policies and the built framework. The reflexion relates to the aspects of urban policies, those related on the one hand to the urban project, architecture and environment, and on the other hand to the social aspects linking physics of settlement, economy and analysis of social practices. A procedure is proposed, which begins with a bibliographical synthesis followed, by a physical observation of various case studies in France and Colombia, and finally by an investigation feeding a data base for the residential movings of the inhabitants. Observing the demolition process of the social housing makes it possible to reveal some contradictions generated by demolition in the life of the inhabitants. Confronting these various sources leads to produce both, an assessment, through the analysis of stakes of the demolition, and a bove all recommendation based on the paradigm of sustainable urban development
Esta tesis de doctorado aborda un objeto con un fuerte valor simbolico, la demolicion del habitat como objeto, marco y politica de renovacion urbana en sus diferentes dimensiones, politica urbana, tecnica (intervencion arquitectonica y urbana), economica (valor del suelo y cuestiones immobiliarias) y social (impacto sobre los habitantes). La tesis desarrolla una metodologia transdisciplinaria que articula la investigacion en ciencias sociales y la practica de la arquitectura y explora las interacciones entre los habitantes de la ciudad, la politica urbana y el espacio construido. La reflexion propuesta concierne los aspectos de politica urbana, aquellos ligados al proyecto urbano, a la arquitectura y al medioambiente y los aspectos sociales, para elaborar lazos entra las cuestiones fisicas del ordenamiento urbano, la économia de este ordenamiento y el analisis de las practicas sociales. El protocolo propuesto comienza con una sintesis bibliografica, seguido de una observacion de diferentes casos de estudio en Francia y en Colombia. Una encuesta permite la construccion de una base de datos sobre los recorridos residenciales de los habitantes. Observar el proceso de la demolicion del habitat popular y social permite de poner en evidencia ciertas contradicciones que la demolicion implica en la vida de los habitantes de estos barrios. A partir de la confrontacion de estas diferentes fuentes, son producidos a la vez, un balance, un analisis de las cuestiones que estan en juego con la demolicion y una propuesta de recomendaciones estructuradas a partir del paradigma del desarrollo urbano sostenible
Balteau, Emilie. "Rénovation urbaine et continuités populaires : une recherche socio-filmique en ville moyenne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE013/document.
Rooted in the monograph of a social housing neighborhood situated in a middle-sized city (Auxerre) and leaning on a theoretical framework rehabilitating social class, this thesis addresses the effects of the contemporary urban renewal on the targeted neighborhoods' population, through two forms (a text and a movie).The research shows how urban renewal, while transforming spaces and the composition of the local population, creates a movement of differentiation between neighborhoods and sectors, which tends to widen the (social) divide between housing estates and detached houses (that convey character to the “new” neighborhood in question). In doing so, urban renewal rebrands the socio-residential status of the inhabitants that are playing a game of complex detachment – which can be observed in the various connections they have with space, whether in terms of representation or conduct.Meanwhile, through the connections to space, made of differences and oppositions, the research shows urban renewal as a global probation in which the inhabitants' communal belonging to working classes gets confirmed. While putting their wealth and connections to the test, it underlines the narrowness of their economic resources and reveals the fundamental importance of local sociability.The latter contributes to a number of reappropriation attempts that punctuate the words and customs of the inhabitants, and demand not to give way to a unilateral domination, as essential as the practical and symbolic constraints in which the working classes evolve may seem
Cocco, Giovanni Battista. "Le projet urbain dans la requalification : approche comparative entre l'Italie et la France." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082917.
How does contemporaneity interpret Urban Design and what kind of meaning give to it? How has the economic and politic transformation process of the town influenced Urban Design? Through a comparative method applied to two comparable geographic realities (Italy and France), this dissertation investigates those actions related to the transformation of urban fringe contexts, inside and outside of dense town, setting out from a theoretical basis that examines the process of explosion of centre-town in the metropolitan territory since the Eighties to this day. Going through this transformation process, the dissertation interrogates about the notion of suburbs, centre and centrality by analyzing the issues provided by those actors that, both in Italy and France, have contributed to renew the notion of Urban Design. The aim of this dissertation has been then to show the analogies and differences in the mode of action of Design where several actors claim that theoretical contributions and first intervention strategies have developed
Masclet, Olivier. "Rénovation urbaine et immigration : une intégration sous contrôle : enquête sociologique dans une ville de la banlieue parisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0024.
Rezaei, Kokab. "Réhabilitation, restauration et mise en valeur du secteur sauvegardé de la ville de Lille : Etude de géographie urbaine." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50377-1999-9-1.pdf.
Guinand, Sandra. "Comme une mode urbaine : projets de régénération urbaine et patrimonialisation à Porto et Marseille." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010662.
Melas, Lucie. "Représentations et construction de « l'habitant » des quartiers disqualifiés." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100139.
The population representation in the texts of urban politics is influenced by a long tradition of utopian planning. A return to a principle is necessary permanently. Urban intervention leads to restoration of these districts which have become emblems of the of our towns. The ultimate aim of an intervention on an urban space is above all its population, as the minguettes district demonstrates. From this viewpoint, a collective representation of inhabitants becomes a paradigm of the poor, the marginal, the have-nots and the delinquent. Stigmatization creates a new category of have-nots. In this way, we can talk of an because inhabitants are supposed to form a homogeneous group. So, inhabitants develop strategies to construct an acceptable picture of them and to negotiate their presence in the district. They reconstruct differently the relation between identity and designation. They develop heterogeneous individual and collective identities by organization of a dichotomy of social groups namely us them
Godillon, Sylvanie. "La rénovation urbaine, une opportunité de réduire les inégalités socio-spatiales d'être impliqué dans un accident dans les espaces publics." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010619.
Habouzit, Rémi. "La copropriété dégradée, le relogement et après ? Professionnels et habitants dans une opération rénovation urbaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV034/document.
Since 2003, more than 400 popular districts categorized as sensitive urban zones and 4 million inhabitants have become part of a program initiated by the Framework Act on Town Planning and Urban Renewal (so-called “Borloo law”). In order to achieve district transformation and social diversity, the program has led to demolition/rebuilding operations, the refurbishment of existing dwellings and the redefinition of public urban areas (street network and green spaces, etc.)The municipalities of Clichy-Sous-Bois and Montfermeil in the Seine-Saint-Denis region were part of this program. Whilst being the largest program in France (in terms of allocated budget and demolished dwellings), it also had the singularity to involve the destruction of dilapidated privately-owned buildings such as Les Bosquets in Montfermeil and La Forestière in Clichy-sous-Bois. All the new buildings reconstructed there are under social housing management.All re-housed inhabitants consequently moved from the status of owner-occupiers or private housing tenants to that of social housing tenants. In addition to their change in status, this situation implies regular interactions between these ‘displaced’people and the professionals (of the city, of nonprofit organizations, social landlords who operate in the area, in these buildings within the frame of pre- and post-rehousing accompaniment.Based on an analysis supported by interviews, observations and archives, this thesis aims at understanding the genesis of this policy as much as the effects of the will for district transformation through generalizing social housing, on professional practices and the trajectories of the re-housed inhabitants. To this end, archives and interviews help understanding that the degradation of the former co-ownership properties was attributable primarily to their conditions of marketing, construction and management. Yet, all the measures of public action, up to the signature of the urban renewal program, systematically present the inhabitants and their features (popular classes or migrants) as solely responsible for this deterioration.The ethnography of professional practices then shows how in the new homes the professionals use the interactions with the inhabitants to regulate the way they live there. This work is done with a view to avoiding new damage to the buildings.Eventually the interviews with the inhabitants (made before and after re-housing) illustrate how re-housing and the interactions with professionals destabilize them within their individual anchorages and shake the sense of hierarchies within this social group. While former owners made up the upper class in their previous housing, they now feel the most downgraded. Conversely, tenants who were the most dominated are today the most rehabilitated.Beyond empirical results, this analytical approach rates the issues of the thesis on sevral scales. First, this work illustrates how, in a constructivist perspective, these co-ownership properties and their inhabitants have been built as a problem and a category of public action. Then, starting from the practices of professionals, this thesis discloses how within the frame of urban policy, some forms of regulation and domination over certain targeted publics (here working classes and migrants) are still exerted. Finally this thesis is consistent with a sociology of popular classes who are attentive to their internal differences as much as to the various ways a measure of public action can be perceived
Belmessous, Fatiha. "Le temps des réhabilitations des grands ensembles : pratique architecturale et/ou mode de production urbaine ?" Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/belmessous_f.
Architectural techniques, linked to the transformation of buildings or to rehabilitation methods, were used differently according to urban constructions. Until the late sixties rehabilitating meant restoring city centres. From the nineties these techniques were associated with an architectural form (the multi-storey block designed in the post-war decades). The analysis of the sites led us to regard these techniques as experiments. I worked on rehabilitation process, not on rehabilitation itself. Speaking of rehabilitation implicitly suggests a singular technique and a global, general policy. But talking about processes implies urban histories, architectural policies and aesthetic conceptions. I aimed at demonstrating that the resort to these conventional methods, applied to the urban form by governing bodies (private and public housing bodies) and then by state authorities, became a major aspect in government policies towards the areas with multi-storey blocks. In the early seventies, before the introduction of state policies, these methods were combined with a social project ("bringing back" middle classes to these area), and with an architectural plan (transforming buildings). Yet oil crises led to energy saving programmes and changed the way rehabilitation schemes were financed and conceived from technical aspects (e. G. Energy standards). In the eighties the increase in social problems (unemployment, urban violence) affected rehabilitation programmes and highlighted social policies. Rehabilitation plans were concerned with the facades of buildings to improve their image. It was not until the late nineties that these programmes took into account the restructuring of space. The analysis of the plans set up in the urban evolution (the enclosing and opening of areas; their privatisation and classification) led us to think about the return to a conventional, almost mythical, city project, which might help introduce new lifestyles for the people of these areas
Abbasi, Naderpoor Mohammadreza. "La ville historique, entre rénovation et métropolisation : étude comparée Hamadan-Grenoble." Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100028.
This thesis intends to present a comparative study of renewal and metropolization in Hamadan (Iran) and in Grenoble (France). Firstly, in subsequent of the introduction I begin to present the method of research. Afterwards, I study the impact of historic and geographic factors on the foundation and on the development of these two cities. I complete this presentation of foundation and configuration of Hamadan and Grenoble by studying of the impact of major events which happened at the last decades of XIX th and firsts decades of XX th centuries: the impact of 1931s Master plan of Hamadan and the impact of finding the Houille Blanch in Grenoble. In the second part I analyze the role of different actors. By analyzing the collected data, the city maps, memories and archives, I try to demonstrate how the globalization, the industrialization, economic and social transformation and the development of universities have transformed the urban space. By studying a selection of historical monuments in these two cities, I analyze the transformation of urban heritage and the role of different actors in the preservation and upgrading of their urban spaces in the different social, politic and economic context. As a conclusion of this study, I present firstly a summary of the comparative maps of chronological reconstruction expansion of Hamadan and Grenoble. It will permit me to have a vision about important dates of these two cities and the role of different actors. Afterwards, I present the outcomes of my research and also some perspectives about Hamadan and Grenoble future’s developments. The research completes by a glossary, bibliography, a table of the sigils, the annex and the index
Bertier, Marc. "Formes urbaines et ségrégations : une sociologie de la relégation des grands ensembles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0242/document.
Numerous studies, demonstrate the segregation from which the inhabitants of certain districts in difficulties suffer. Said studies show that most of these districts are old French "priority development area" zones (ZUP), that are complexes of tower and slab built in France between 1950s and 1970s. These neighbourhoods have two peculiarities: they were built with a similar model and most of them are social housing. Urban phenomenon, urban policies and the situation of numerous co-ownership show that the criteria «social housing» is not enough to understand the banishment process. Urban policies, which grant an important budget for the action on the built, also suggest that the urban form participates in the mechanisms of exclusion. Does the materiality of the urban form impact the social distribution of the urban space? Do slabs and towers participate in the banishment of their inhabitants?The asked question is about the links established between a society and its spaces. The aim is to understand how social can interact with space. The proposed answer focuses on the case of French global mass housing. Showing how urban form can produce segregation, this thesis reveals the cognitive mechanisms stimulated by the visual perception that are working to slabs and towers blocks relegation. In other words, it explains how the view provides a feeling that is, in the case of domestic architecture, a social and cultural construction affecting the perception of the world, ways of doing, seeing and thinking, of behaviours and lifestyles of people in the urban areas
Billier, Dominique. "L'artiste au coeur des politiques urbaines pour une sociologie des ateliers-logements à Paris et en Ile-de-France." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21019/document.
Throughout the long and complex odyssey the artist has been traversing from the times of Ancient Greece to the present day his studio has been much more than just a site for work. If for a certain time it had been the place where images for religious and political practices were created allowing the artist to distinguish himself from the craftsman, his studio, located in the proximity of the royal courts or of the Vatican, had become a token of artistic activity but above all of his membership as a citizen of the township and of the society. When in early 19th century the artists, members of the Academy, were expelled from the Grand Gallery of Louvre it signified for them a liberation of their ties with the Academy and opened a new way to be part of the urban milieu. As a consequence, the artists had to settle «in town« the elite of them choosing to find foothold in the neighbourhoods inhabited by the bourgeoisie of business activities. The less fortunate popular strata, including the unrecognized artists, had to move away from the massive transformations of the urban infrastructure imposed by baron Haussman on the city of Paris. At the same time, Paris continued to attract artists from abroad. At the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century, the newly attached Montmartre and Montparnasse became the favoured neighbourhoods gathering artists living in improvised quarters. Inspired by the philanthropic initiatives benefiting the working population, the City of Paris started constructing between the wars social lodgings for employees and workers at the city's gates. This activity marked by solidarity was extended to include also painters and sculptors. It received new momentum in the 1960's by the Ministry of Culture in form of the actions it undertook in favour of artists. These activities were a concrete expression of the policy of the welfare state promoting the artists. In the housing renovation programmes in Paris and the nearby suburbs the construction of residential studios for artists was included in numerous social housing projects. A residential studio in the urban context became a basis of recognition for the professional artist
Gilbert, Pierre. "Les classes populaires à l’épreuve de la rénovation urbaine : transformations spatiales et changement social dans une cité HLM." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20110.
This research, which lies at the intersection between the sociology of the working classes and urban sociology, analyses the effects of urban renewal in areas of social housing, taking as its starting point a monograph of the social-housing estate of Les Minguettes in Vénissieux, in the south-eastern suburbs of Lyon. It first underlines the fact that this public policy, which follows in the tradition of public action aimed at controlling settlement patterns, uses residential space as a lever for social transformation, thus extending control over the working classes to the “private realm”, a sphere ordinarily exempt from such power relations. By analysing the practices of landlords and the residential trajectories of inhabitants, it sheds light on the consequences of transforming housing and of the many different forms of residential mobility generated by demolition and rebuilding operations. While only a minority of households, from the most stable sections of the working classes, typically remain in such neighbourhoods, these operations do not, however, radically change the broadly working-class character of the population, and tend above all to result in an accentuation of the internal hierarchies and differentiation processes at play within the local space. Lastly, this work reveals the various ways – depending on individual profiles and trajectories – in which these residential transformations affect dominant lifestyles locally: they challenge household equilibrium, encouraging inward-looking attitudes that focus on the private sphere, and affect residents’ relations with the surrounding neighbourhood, which are marked by greater reserve and a tendency to distance themselves from neighbours
Bergel, Pierre. "Quand la ville se refait : renouvellement urbain et grandes emprises foncières : étude de cas en France métropolitaine et dans deux agglomérations de province : Caen et Angers." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN1364.
Depigny, Bertrand. "L’agencification et la recomposition des scènes locales d’action publique : L’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine comme nouvelle bureaucratie technique ? : (France, début XXIème siècle)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20100/document.
Our PhD is focusing on the analysis of the process of creation of the French national agency for urban renewal (ANRU) and its effects on local scenes of public action. This work refers to an empirical work composed by two main scenes. The first one, the « Parisian » scene is constituted by the actors involved in the process of creation of the Agency. The second scene is based on the actors of the carrying out, whereas they were on each of the three local investigation grounds (Bourges, Lyon, Marseille) or inside the ANRU. This PhD proposes to analyze the urban public action towards two main entries. The first one goes back on the process of legitimation of a change imperative at the beginning of the creation of the ANRU. This process of legitimation would result from the representation of a problematic situation in the urban renewal area. The second entry supposes that this representation shapes the nature of the effects of the functioning logic of the ANRU we can observe during the implementation period. This work has for main direction the link with the phenomenon of bureaucratization which can be observed as well in the creation period as in the implementation stage. This PhD lets show that, under cover of an efficiency quest and the mobilization of an public action tool tinged with neomanagerialism, the functioning of the ANRU infers inertia and routines which go against the original aims of the ANRU. These effects put in relief a trend to bureaucratization the ANRU doesn't escape and that makes the local services of the State administration the first victims. The analysis highlights that, beyond this major consequence, the links between the central power and local authorities and the local politico-administrative regulation are rebuilt by the “agencification” of the urban renewal policy
Bonal, Matthieu. "Les inscriptions spatiales du renouvellement urbain en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0378/document.
The term “urban renewal” is polysemic and ambiguous, ever-changing depending on the political context in which it is being used. Policies of urban renewal require to have identified the mechanisms applied to urban spaces and to have understood their genesis. In order to do so, the American policy of urban renewal alongside several European experiments help to understand the positioning of the French urban renewal, a policy which oscillates between a curative effort towards neighborhoods faced with socioeconomic difficulties and a prospective strategy encompassed within a comprehensive, metropolitan project aimed at attracting new residents. This thesis builds on an analysis of the demographic growth of French urban areas to posit that urban renewal is spatially defined shaped in core cities and suburbs. It examines how the duality of urban renewal (both prospective and curative strategies) applies to French policies of urban renewal supported by the “PNRU” (National Program of Urban Renewal). The study reveals the differentiated actions of the program depending on the spaces analyzed through the lens of growth, resurgence and decline of French cities. The economic analytical framework of urban renewal reveals dual mechanisms linked to markets and externalities
Tsaki, Amira. "L'évolution des politiques urbaines et leurs influences sur la criminalité : regards croisés Algérie-France." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0015/document.
The metropolisation that the world has known for a few decades has created an urban hypertrophy, making urban security a major issue for the Nations. After highlighting a strong connection between urbanization and crime, we’ve studied the influence of urban policies on urban crime. The criminological and sociological studies conducted by many researchers, including Durkheim, Szabo, Shaw and McKay, have served as a scientific basis for conducting field research. From Lyon to Oran, our analysis compares the evolution and effectiveness of French and Algerian urban policies. The results of our research works illustrate the influence of massive urban construction policies on the development of urban anomic and socio-economically segregated areas, but also the impact of hyper-security on the sense of security and urban cohesion
Bataille, Philippe. "Recomposition des territoires et reconstruction du lien social ? : de la production de l'espace dans les zones prioritaires : grands ensembles et ZUP." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR1506.
Henu, Elise. "Requalification urbaine et transactions habitantes : l'exemple de Marseille, 15ème arrondissement." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32060.
In which measure an operation of urban renewal does imply negotiations of the inhabitants and/or users concerned ? Through two case studies (the destruction of a shantytown, and the renovation of a social housing estate, in the 15th Marseilles district), this research proposes to analyse the relations between "institutions" and inhabitants, in their various configurations, throughout complex processes. The stakes and logics of the urban renewal operations are approached, as the way they are confronted with deprived spaces "in crisis". But those spaces also developed some kind of "autonomy". The "thickness" of such territories is often recognised with difficulty, even ignored. Those spaces are complex because they are "urban villages" with an original and deep dependence with the professional and political "spheres" (mainly in the case of the social housing estate). The history of the negotiations/transactions between "developers" and "residents" can thus be considered as the "meeting" of two "worlds" with different logics, and in the same time as an "old relational history", which makes a marked difference between the shantytown and the social housing estate. Thus the negotiations/transactional processes are defined in "agoras" with fluctuating dimensions, where differentiated groups of "agents-acteurs" take seat, according to unstable rules, with their respective opportunities and investments in the operations of urban renewal
Ducom, Estelle. "Le modèle des ceintures limitrophes (fringe belts) : une application aux villes françaises." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150573.
Boisseuil, Clément. "Mettre en œuvre la mixité : rénovation et renouvellement urbains au sein des métropoles de Paris et de Chicago." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0052.
The first objective of this dissertation is to understand the contrasted results of public programs aiming at the urban, social and economic transformation of low-income neighborhoods in the metropolitan areas of Paris and Chicago. Since the 1990s, large-scale programs have been implemented in those areas. They follow the goal of poverty deconcentration and try to tackle the multiple forms of urban segregation. If those initiatives have led to significant urban results, they have not engendered the expected social and economic outcomes. The analysis of implementation contributes to explain this phenomenon. This dissertation is structured around three main lines: institutions, practices and representations, learning effects. It builds upon a multi-scalar international comparison of four case studies conducted in two specific metropolises. First, we focus on the institutional heritage and the governance of urban renewal projects targeting diversity. Then, we analyze the multiple processes that relate to their implementation, emphasizing the significance of both contextual factors and the different interpretive frames within public policies. Finally, we study the learning processes recently at stake. We show that policy adaptation is only possible under certain conditions. In conclusion, distinct modes of implementation are theorized based on our empirical results and in accordance with the third generation of implementation research. Their theoretical analysis shows that ambiguities of policy design are leading toward proportional tensions, even conflicts, in the implementation phase
Campobenedetto, Daniele. "L’Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme tra rénovation e forma urbana (1967-1989) : il ruolo di un’agenzia pubblica nella trasformazione dello spazio urbano a Parigi : i casi delle Halles e del secteur de La Villette." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1091.
Between the end of the 1960s and the 1980s, the city of Paris faced a period of extensive urban transformation and a change in the strategies of this transformation at the same time, in comparison with the heroic Trente Glorieuses. The analysis of these architectural and urban changes and the processes of implementation, are often based on a morphological or a policiy-oriented perspective. Moreover, in France, the study of decision-making processes and urban transformation falls within the scope of social sciences. This has resulted in an unfortunate separation of academic approaches: one focusing on finding the link between the theories of the architectural community or policies and the projects, while the other taking the already transformed urban space as a starting point for social analysis. This research aims to investigate the gap between these two methodological approaches, both influential in France during the 1970s and 1980s, through an urban history-oriented study. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the role of the Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (hereafter APUR), a bureaucratic entity charged of several different tasks, within the shift from urban renovation to urban form, concerning the city of Paris.Between 1967 and 1989, the APUR had an essential part in translating the aforementioned shift into operative terms, in connection with those institutions that had the power to transform large areas of the French capital. This was possible thanks to a negotiation process involving different institutions , as well as architects and urban designers, in which APUR took a major role. In this context the research will also investigate the relationship between the cultural references and the processes through which urban spaces have been converted. Two case studies allow an analysis of these urban changes and of the role played by the APUR: the transformations of the Halles Centrales of Paris, and the projects for the secteur de la Villette, especially those for Place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, 1985-89) and Parc de la Villette during the first competition organized by APUR (1976).These two cases are intertwined. On one hand, they illustrate a cultural point of view; on the other hand, they give an account of institutional and political processes, showing a transformation that occurred throughout the whole city. Finally, they cross the trajectory of some of the most emblematic figures in French architecture at that time. One of them was Bernard Huet, a teacher, theorist, critic and designer who played an fundamental role in the definition of a new cultural paradigm. The research shows a change in the process of transformation of urban space in Paris. The practices shifted from projects which were generated through vivid debate, strongly linked to contemporary French social sciences, to a later standardization of urban projects and urban imaginaire and a cultural legitimation of APUR. The central role of APUR in the two case studies is analysed by comparing the Atelier's archives, the ones of the architects involved in the urban projects as well as the ministerial and presidential ones. Oral sources are restricted to a control role. In the end this work aims to highlight the process of city-making trough the role of a public bureaucracy within urban transformations: an active contribution which led, between 1967 and 1989, to the definition of the contemporary conception of the city of Paris
Desnoilles, Richard. "L'Héroïsme urbain de Bordeaux et de Québec : construction imaginaire et opérationnalités urbaines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25868/25868.pdf.
Blain, Catherine. "L'Atelier de Montrouge (1958-1981) : prolégomènes à une autre modernité." Paris 8, 2001. http://octaviana.fr/document/177072253#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Gallart, Romain. "L'important n'est pas seulement de participer : sociologie de la fabrique de la participation populaire dans les métropoles de Recife (Brésil) et Grenoble (France)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100095.
This thesis focuses on understanding why participative devices set up in working class neighborhoods still exist today, despite their proven ineffectiveness. It questions processes of manufacturing and implementation of the participative imperative through the study of two paradigmatic cases: the metropolises of Grenoble (France) and Recife (Brazil). This work contributes to the conceptualization of systematic transformations of contemporary governments. The cross-history of the politique de la ville in Grenoble and the plan for regularization of special zones of social interest (PREZEIS) recifense, as well as the comparative ethnographies of urban redevelopment projects’ governances in these territories, shed light on the evolutions which are subject to the democratic systems of the contrasting urban, social, political and cultural situations. In Recife, participatory democracy gradually fades out because of a depoliticized and less structured managerial model of participation. In the Grenoble agglomeration, despite a discourse on the modernization of public action and the formalization of participatory procedures, local democracy remains rooted in proximity. By characterizing the methods of mobilization and selection of participants, the conditions of their representation and deliberation, and their inclusion in the urban governance, the demonstration highlights the coexistence of political, technical, and social logics, which are sometimes antagonistic, competing within the public authorities. The immersion survey, as a coordinator of citizen associations' initiatives in urban requalification projects, contributes to the understanding of formal and informal mechanisms, public or not, guiding the implementation of participatory devices in our contemporary societies
Bloquet, Catherine. "Le pont et la ville en Loire moyenne : morphogenèse, aménagements, représentations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE1103.
Making bridges into objects of geographical study amounts to considering them at first as concrete forms which setting- up played a determining part in the morphogenesis of the middle Loire cities. However, the projects leading to their erection, if they meet the need of improving intra or intercitytraffic, witness the technical level reached by their designers. They are also the outcome of the joint thinking achieved by various political and economic authorities. The interest here consists in bringing to light the interactions between these decision levels, the possible contradictions which they generate and their consequences for a definite urban space. The importance of structures in terms of accessibility has always turned them into preferential stakes in the politics of development. Nowadays, the construction projects, the widely mediatized public matters still mobilize the decision makers as well as the ordinary citizens. But the human settlement cannot identify itself with the only aggregate of material forms. Certain places are invested with symbolical meanings such as the crossing of middle Loire cities. Mentioned in literature and arts, used by advertising, they enter the field of representations and influence the perception of spatial structures. The social and cultural meanings which are attached to them make them essential urban images
Odet, Anne. "Une nouvelle politique urbaine: les démolitions-reconstructions des logements sociaux des grands ensembles : quelles ambitions pour le renouvellement du parc social en Ile-de France?" Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040182.
The thesis is based on the hypothesis that town planning implies a public responsibility in regard to social discrepancies. It will examine the ability of the 2003-710 act of the 08/01/2003 to improve the situation in Ile-de-France's sensitive suburbs. The causal relationship between urban shape (towers, blocks) and social life are in question. The physical surroundings oh high-density housing schemes convey values that differ culturally, architecturally and in the apprehension of the landscape. A paradox makes its presence felt between housing policy and town policy : the operations of urban renewal of council houses available to rent in Ile-de-France result in a increased housing shortage which touches the power people in the first place. Government-funded solutions are being proposed. Taking practices, expectations and mental representations of the inhabitants into account, a study on the space structure of those neighbourhoods and the restructuring of their outdoor spaces contribute to the recomposition of physical and social ties in order to preserve the essence of the city
Comelli, Cécilia. "Mutations urbaines et géographie de la nuit à Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30040.
This thesis spawns from two observations: firstly, that 'the night' has rarely been subject to research in geography or the social sciences, and secondly, that Bordeaux city center, in the image of other old city centers, is undergoing important transformations. In the last twenty years most towns and cities have been subject to revitalization via political policies of “heritagization”. This trend also underlies the great urban project initiated in Bordeaux by Alain Juppe in 1995. The central problematic to this thesis is, therefore, to understand the role and the impacts of urban changes on the nocturnal geography of Bordeaux. Initially, it is necessary to examine these changes and their consequences of on the nightlife of Bordeaux, followed by a study of how the geography of the night manifests itself in Bordeaux. Can it be said that Bordeaux is moving towards and 24hour society, or does the night remain a frontier?
Lapointe, Marie-France. "Une perception historienne contemporaine des grands travaux du Second Empire (1852-1870)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24307/24307.pdf.
Hernandez, Pulgarin Jose Gregorio. "Renaissance" à Montpellier et "refondation" à Pereira : invocations mythiques et conceptions du temps dans des opérations d'urbanisme en France et en Colombie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1101.
Montpellier (France) and Pereira (Colombia) are two intermediate cities where large scale urbanism operations have taken place since the mid-twentieth century. In Montpellier, the urban development operation called Port Marianne, and Pereira the urban renewal operation called Ciudad Victoria, were made with the objective of solving certain urban problems, but also with the hope of radically transforming the economy of both cities. In this research, I propose to analyze the way in which these urban operations are presented as legitimate realizations by those who build the cities both materially and through representatives, that is, the city producers: city administrators, urbanists, architects, the press, etc. However, I do not intend to deal with technical, political or economic reasons that might legitimize these operations. I propose to analyze certain cultural devices that are put to work in order to demonstrate that these operations are necessary, or even more, indispensable. The devices analyzed here are two kinds. On one hand are the mythic, ideological, and identity devices that are put to work in order to demonstrate that the operation must take place. For example, an urban operation might be thought of as a source for the redefinition of the city identity that is consistent with the ideological expectations around interurban competitiveness. On the other hand, I propose to analyze the concepts of past, present and future time, the temporalities that are presented throughout the discourse as sources of legitimacy of urban operations. In this way, certain notions relative to time like those related to tradition, city crises, development, progress, or modernity, are used by the city producers to demonstrate that the operations must be done because they are consistent with the historic and temporal sense of the city and because they respond to the expectations of development. The comparison of the fictions created by the legitimation discourse of a cultural or temporal nature is done by using an analysis perspective that is close to Anthropology in conceptual terms, and an eclectic perspective of methodologies
Beschon, Marie. "Euroméditerranée ou la ville de papier : ethnographie du monde des aménageurs." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0135.
Decreed Operation of National Interest in 1995, Euroméditerranée is an urban renewal project that stretches in the north of downtown Marseille. Demanding a new urbanism process, Euroméditerranée is presented as a project thought and implemented for the inhabitants. However, the result of its transformations and its rationality show a project more thought for a new population. In addition, while wanting to break with a functionalist and progressive urbanism, the planners of Euroméditerranée apprehend their missions as a “priesthood” in the service of a disaster-stricken city that could not achieve itself without Euroméditerranée. The urban planners of the Public Establishment of Administration of Euroméditerranée (EPAEM) are ready to "make the happiness of the city in spite of it". Thus, they recognize the conflict that may exist between their “social” claims and the reality of the project: whatever the reluctance of the inhabitants, the planners know what the city needs in a neoliberal society.Nevertheless, their "realism" does not exhaust their sensitivity. The observation of their daily practice shows planners aware of the limits of Euroméditerranée for the inhabitants already there, even able to criticize. In the privacy of their offices, they dissociate themselves from their senior management and denounce the lack of consideration of the inhabitants. How do these technical sensitivities reconcile with EPAEM's administrative machine and Euromediterranean "shock therapy"? With this thesis, I try to give an account of the world of the planners in their will of dialogue with the inhabitants starting from their "social sensitivity" and from the constraints which they have to deal with, even those they create themselves, namely the smacks of functionalist urbanism in a neoliberal context and the belief in a moral duty to act.Organized in three parts that gradually penetrate their daily lives, since the apprehension of Euroméditerranée according to its own terms of reference to the practices of planners through the analysis of their representations, my presentation reveals a world of planners in an unfit state for dialogue with the inhabited city. Disrupted by the neoliberal reason behind the project, they refuse to face the social impacts of their operations and are consoled with the idea of doing well for the inhabitants, even if the latter are unable to understand it. Observation of their daily lives also shows planners in the position of legitimate experts who decide the fate of the city in a close-minded, technician-like environment far from the inhabited city. From outsourced diagnoses, they manage quantified populations and digitized territories, and they operate on a city of paper that they flatten, crisscross and cut according to their needs. Nevertheless, these technicians do not appear as mere soldiers in the service of; they are active in the pursuit of objectives that they may intimately recriminate. They appear to be co-producers of their "social" incapacities, assuming Euroméditerranée as the only possible alternative to the Marseilles "crisis", perceiving themselves as those who know. Thus, this presentation suggests that the relationship between planners and inhabitants is a pragmatic and epistemological conflict that transforms the initial willingness of planners to dialogue with residents in a dialogue with a fictional paper city
Parin, Claire. "L'articulation des échelles de l'espace et du temps dans la conception urbanistique contemporaine." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081803.
Bortolato, Thais. "L’espace urbain entre le public et le privé : stratégies d'intervention pour la préservation et la réhabilitation urbaines : les cas de Paris et de São Paulo." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040213.
Based on the objectives that guided public politics inside Marais in Paris over the last four decades, for example the preserving and reinforcing of historical and architectural heritage, as well as the activities, urban form and environment qualities, our research intends to analyze the possible preservation strategies by putting the examples of two big cities side-by-side : Paris and São Paulo.São Paulo, space of attraction and heart of innovation, seems to be a battlefield between old and modern, public and private in terms of urban design and daily life dynamics in a way that always benefits private spaces and therefore the already privileged social sectors and upside sites. State market and urban policies over time in São Paulo, while being one of the reasons that cause social inequality, have left their prints in the configuration and the management of the specific heritage of this territory.Urban Politics and Spatial Dynamics over time in São Paulo have been so oppressive in terms of social and landscape inequality that they created a considerable number of abandoned and degradated spaces as well as defined a deficient notion within the popular belief about preservation and collective land use..Heritage is treated based on the concept of public space in terms of legislation, Urban Design and as a means of democratic expression of political power in this StudyIn summary, with this research we intend to identify the real and most contemporary possibilities and factors that can stimulate an effective movement for urban restoration, public management and use of space in São Paulo
Delfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Our research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict
Dupuy, Le Bourdellès Mikaël. "« Revitaliser » les centres des villes moyennes : action publique et (im)mobilités résidentielles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PESC0002.
Since the mid-2010s, many medium-sized French towns have been developing projects to revitalise their town centres - particularly at the instigation of the national government, through the Action cœur de ville programme or the New National Urban Renewal Programme (NPNRU). In these areas, private property and the private rental sector predominate. At the same time, medium-sized towns have fewer human and financial resources, tools and operators for development and property production than towns with larger populations. Despite these difficulties, local governments in medium-sized towns are seeking to implement social mix policies in town centres. To understand this paradox, I implemented a research protocol that combined statistical analysis with qualitative data. I collected qualitative data through a documentary analysis, a series of interviews with public stakeholders and participant observation conducted as part of a consulting cooperative.The results of a sample of nine medium-sized towns show that old town centres are particularly unique in terms of their social and demographic structure. Because of the specialisation of the residential stock in small private rental flats, this type of neighbourhoods is essential to the fluidity of residential course in medium-sized towns as they are adequate for people experiencing one or more biographical disruptions: moving out of the parental home, marital separation or widowhood, inter-regional or international migration, job insecurity, and so on. At the same time, these characteristics mean that, overall, they are areas with a large and growing socio-professional mix - despite the heterogeneity of medium-sized towns and their town centres.However public authorities are keen to implement policies to promote social diversity in town centres, through urban revitalisation projects. The qualitative study conducted in three sites (Colmar, Romans-sur-Isère, and Tulle) shows that this is due to the establishment of a cause-and-effect relationship between the decline of town centres and the representation of an "unbalanced" population. In addition, the adoption of social mix as a norm for public action and the framing provided by national policies strengthen the attachment of local players to the idea of diversifying the population.To attract their target, which are middle-class couples with children into owner-occupation - identified as an urban revitalisation lever - the public actors are developing projects that aim to close the gap in terms of housing between town centres and suburban areas. Doing so, revitalisation projects reflect the internalisation of a commercial framework for housing policies by public players. They also contribute to closer relationships between local government and private players in their implementation.However, the efforts of local stakeholders to diversify the housing stock are hindered by the small number of housing production operators - mainly social landlords - and by the social conditions of the French national urban renewal scheme, dating back from the 1970's. As a result, the property developments supported by the public sector are not helping to diversify the housing stock nor the population of town centres. However, they do help to erase the traces of urban decline, in the hope of a 'return' of households and private investors by the local authorities
Cenci, Jérémy. "La résilience des territoires industriels en mutation : le rôle de la valorisation du patrimoine : étude de cas du bassin transfrontalier sambrien (France – Belgique)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10118.
The economic crises of recent decades have resulted in the appearance across the country of numerous brownfield sites. In order to remain resilient, and with a view to urban regeneration, the country will need to make strategic decisions in terms of the preservation, conversion or destruction of industrial relicts. At the same time, the rise in population, consumption and changing lifestyles require more and more space for urban development. It now appears that priority should be given to the remediation of these disused industrial sites in order to reinvest them with new functions and architectural forms. Still, is it really necessary to destroy everything when doing so means losing so much in terms of the cultural legacy and identity represented by these brownfield sites? To find a solution to this problem, an evaluation grid to identify the disused industrial sites of high legacy value has been created using the concept of territorial resilience. To this end, we have drawn on the notions of heritage and symbolism, and the capacities for resistance and bifurcation. In order to confirm and support our research hypotheses, a number of post-industrial areas that have benefited from major redevelopments were analysed. In addition, a study site has been selected: the Val de Sambre, which has experienced both industrialisation and industrial decline. Numerous current post-industrial remains allow us to experiment with our evaluation grid and assess the disused industrial sites most suitable for redevelopment
Radouan, Sébastien. "La rénovation du centre-ville de Saint-Denis aux abords de la basilique : de la Libération au Mondial 98 : une modernité à la française." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040049.
Saint-Denis’ city center is twofold: on the one hand stands the sacred monumental complex of the ancient abbey, Mecca of the French national history and Gothic art, while on the other hand, the urban area is both a working-class and commercial environment, which mutation is unavoidable, in particular due to its overall degradation. In the aftermath of the great political crisis of the Vichy period, both the State, as an emanation of national sovereignty, and the municipality, as the representation of the people of Saint-Denis, are confronted with the city’s urgent need for reconstruction. It is only as of the mid-1950s that the reorganization of the Dionysian centrality becomes possible. Yet, the renovation of the surroundings of the basilica calls for a dialogue between history and modernity. This debate appears as the catalyst for a political renewal: a modernity à la française, highlighted by the heated debates between public authorities and specialists of the city. What are the values at stake in this urban renewal process? What are the key lessons triggered by such a project with regards to the reconstruction of the French national narrative since France’s liberation in 1944?
Albecker, Marie-Fleur. "Recycler les premières couronnes des villes globales : politiques d'aménagement urbain et restructurations des banlieues de Paris et New York." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010564/document.
In the core of Paris’ and New York metropolitan areas, former industrial spaces have undergone a massive restructuring of their productive and social profile. Global cities have dramatically changed for the past 30 years : their centres have regained economic power, and been gentrified. In particular, “peri-central spaces” or “first suburbs” faced a period of decline and deindustrialization, losing jobs and population, facing pauperization and unemployment. However, from the 1980s on, they are being restructured in connection with their specific spatial position neighbouring the center and are confronted with the impacts of globalization. Most spaces are oriented towards production, attracting office development and business services. Some poles of excellence have particularly gained from this restructuring while their population gentrified, and are competing fiercely for investment. Others are destructured urban areas where the economic and social evolutions are diverging (economic redevelopment versus increased poverty of the residents). Finally, other spaces remain more residential, with diverging social evolutions. Urban policies had a key impact on the evolution of first suburbs, the conjunction of private and public strategies creating the conditions for their redevelopment. This thesis shows that the recent transformation of these territories does not only depend on the local context, but also on long-term heritages and therefore on the choices implemented by local public strategies, be it in two very different contexts. As a matter of facts, urban policies tend to produce similar effects and urban landscapes, mostly because of the dominance of the growth paradigm
Vodouhe, Sèlognon Gilles. "Hautepierre : un éco-quartier modèle pour la ville de Strasbourg : utopie ou réalité ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG041.
Strasbourg City choice of a “garden area” method of urban planning as the Urban Renewal Project (PRU) of Hautepierre area is not without questioning specialists interested in the subject. This thesis analyzes the potential resources of Hautepierre area to be reorganized into a “garden area”. This research sheds also lights on the elaborating process of the PRU, the involvement of the inhabitants, and the principal actors of this project (inhabitants, social landlords bailleurs sociaux, professionals and political representives). Evaluating the participation of Hautepierre inhabitants in the elaboration of the Urban Renovation Project (PRU) in term of capability reveals that there is no real active participation of these inhabitants. The “garden area” appears as a compromise between the National Urban Renewal Agency (ANRU) security requirements and the demand made by the inhabitants to preserve green areas. This choice is also symbolic in regard to the history of Hautepierre area and its socio-economic caracteristics
Gangloff, Emmanuelle. "Quand la scénographie devient urbaine : Nantes comme observatoire des fonctions du scénographe dans la fabrique de la ville." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0018/document.
Based on the current effervescence of scenography in the creative environment , this work proposes to study the appearance of a specific function around the concept of urban scenography in the fabric of the contemporary city. Since the 1980s, in a context of the development of event, creative and cultural city, we are witnessing a multiplication of ephemeral artistic proposals deploying scenographic devices in the public space that evolve modes of action of the actors of the urban factory (cultural operators, artists, public managers and developers). Between theater and public space, stage and city, we will trace the origins of the scenography and then take an interest in the Nantes scene, which is considered here as a laboratory of different forms that can take urban scenography. Infact, in urban space, it is an identifying an emerging professional group, the scenographers, about the evolution of their practices outside the theater. Then, by tightening the focus on a territory, we characterize more specifically the function of urban scenography in its contemporary meaning reflecting an evolution of the place of artistic creation in the urban factory. A larger scale, this study calls into question the production of urban spaces, revealing tension between functional necessity and the conception of sensitive spaces. Between artistic and dynamic recovery, this research informs us about an embodiment of the contemporary city at the interface between town planning of entertainment and artistic utopia
Fallah, Bessam. "Pour une patrimonialisation intégrée au développement urbain : élaboration des conditions de conciliations entre obligations de préservation et impératifs de développement à travers l’étude de cas d’Avignon." Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG1133/document.
The preservation of historic cities requires on behalf of the actors committed to the urban development of the urban historic ensemble (EUH) additional efforts to extend their actions beyond isolated buildings. In practice, when developing historic urban ensembles, the conservation of the urban heritage seems to be relegated to an external if compulsory constraint which has to be overcome. This situation often results in the opposition of two aims: development versus conservatory.The question of how can the conservation of urban heritage be better considered is debated on international, national and local scales. By joining this current debate, our thesis aims to answer the following question: how can we improve the management of the imperatives behind urban development in historic cities, when tied to patrimonial obligation towards urban ensembles?The literature review helped us show that the notion of urban heritage, which justifies the urban preservation, was born in the minds of planners confronted with urban development, linking the notion of the urban heritage more closely to that of development than to conservation. In the absence of one that would move towards urban heritage preservation and confronted with the dominant if opposite postures, we realized, based on the literature review, that the opposition shared anchoring elements: the preservation paradigm of actions, centered on buildings and unsuitable in the case of ensembles, this paradigm supported by divergent institutional cultures and strengthened by an opposition between the modes of local implication.Considering the well-known difficulties and the contributions of the literature review, which clarifies the nature of the opposition between heritage conservation and development, how can the preservation of historic urban ensembles be thought differently? To answer that question, we propose reflecting on urban preservation as integrated to urban development.On the methodological level, the nature of the opposition between development and conservation sends us back to the analysis of what takes place on the field. We chose to look at the historic center of Avignon, where various actors have attempted to exceed this opposition. Avignon, as a mid-sized city of the South of France, is endowed with one of France’s biggest protected areas which cover the entire historic center. The history of the actions carried out in the intramural brings out archetypical situations which illustrate the opposition between development and conservation. The case study allowsus to intellectualise the mobilization of urban heritage on 3 levels: Institutional, Find and Urban action. Each of these levels distinguishes itself by the nature of the mobilization and by the point at which are made manifest the mobilization of the material and symbolic dimensions of urban heritage. Starting with the case study, we have conceptualised a model which goes beyond a restricted reading focused on the opposition to think out urban development within the context of urban conservation. The model brings into the urban development the notion of urban heritage designation as a succession of actions which qualify urban historic ensemble as heritage and preserve them. On the scientific level, the model mobilizes notions, borrowed from sociological, communicational, ethnological and geographical approaches of heritage designation. It proposes a new analytical framework for thinking about the actors involved in the urbanistic management of the historic urban ensembles, so as to exceed the oppositions and guarantee a sustainable creation of urban heritage which does not constitute an obstacle for the imperatives of development. The model helps us see the roles at stake and organizes the various actions undertaken by the various actors in favour of both heritage and development to come up with an integrated urban heritage designation
Delage, Aurelie. "La gare, assurance métropolitaine de la ville post-industrielle. : Le retournement de valeur dans les projets urbains de quartiers de gare, à Saint-Étienne Châteaucreux et Liège Guillemins (Belgique)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20016.
The railway station areas of the 19th Century were a reflection of the Industrial revolution. Following a period of decay after the Second World War, the urban renewal of these areas is now one of the main concerns of local governments in European cities. In addition to a new railway station served by high speed trains, these urban projects are often based on functional diversity, including a business district.This thesis addresses the reversal of urban value in these specific urban areas, exploring how they have moved from repelling to attractive places. How do public and private actors interact, when the former cannot act alone in places constrained by physical barriers due to a lack of funding, and the latter are not inclined to invest in what they consider to be risky places?Our approach is both inductive and qualitative. The comparison of two projects in French and Belgian shrinking cities (Saint-Etienne, near Lyons, and Liège, near Brussels) allows us to understand what the levers for action are, and conversely what the bottlenecks are that slow down the implementation of the urban project around the station.As the result of our analysis, the railway station appears to be a positive and necessary factor for the reversal of urban value in these areas. It is a kind of insurance – in the same way as metropolitan areas create potentiality in the productive economy – both for public actors, as the railway station facilitates their mobilisation, and private ones, especially property developers, who are key elements in the relationship between public action and private investment
Gigot, Mathieu. "Les dimensions territoriales des politiques du patrimoine urbain : instruments, enjeux et jeux d'acteurs dans trois villes du Val de Loire (Angers, Tours et Orléans)." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830734.
Kaboli, Mohammad Hadi. "Operational research on an urban planning tool : application in the urban development of Strasbourg 1982." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057695.
Delfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Our research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict