Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rénovation du bâti ancien'
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Claude, Sophie. "Étude expérimentale et numérique de solutions basées sur les éco-matériaux pour la rénovation thermique du patrimoine bâti urbain." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0008/document.
Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate against climate change. Historic dwellings represent a large part of the French building stock that needs to be refurbished. In the city center of Cahors, France, the old medieval dwellings are considered as valuable cultural heritage and internal insulation is often the only insulation technique that can be used when the architectural value of the exterior façade is to be preserved. This PhD thesis, funded by a CIFRE agreement with the Communauté d’Agglomération du Grand Cahors, studied the suitability of bio-based materials for the internal insulation of historical dwellings in urban area. The selection of the insulation material and the system is crucial because of its impact on the hygrothermal performance of the wall, the indoor air quality, the financial cost, and the carbon footprint of the refurbishment solution. In this study we focused on the hygrothermal performance of the walls to provide a reliable risk assessment in order to avoid hygrothermal failure. Due to the complexity of the problem and the lack of needed data, we ran a multi-scale study including both experimental (laboratory characterisation and building monitoring) and numerical modelling methods
Ruiz, Margot. "Modélisation des transferts hygrothermiques à travers les parois dans un modèle de climat urbain : application aux centres-villes historiques à réhabiliter." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAT0045.
Improving the energy efficiency of buildings and mitigating the urban heat island is a priority, particularly in historical city centres, which are composed of poorly insulated buildings. One of the levers of action envisaged is wall insulation. However, the retrofit of old walls faces numerous obstacles (technological, architectural, urban). In particular, these walls have a specific hygrothermal behavior, which needs to be taken into account to avoid the appearance of pathologies and to correctly estimate energy losses. It is therefore essential to integrate hygrothermal transfers through the walls to effectively simulate old buildings. However, most urban-scale models neglect moisture transfer through walls.This thesis proposes a new numerical method for solving hygrothermal transfers, which is adapted to the various constraints of urban-scale modeling (spatio-temporal resolutions, numerical method, etc.). Validation is carried out in two steps: a numerical part and an experimental part. Numerical validation is based on an inter-model comparison, using fifteen wall compositions and three climates. Experimental validation uses data recorded in several buildings retrofitted with bio-based materials and instrumented in the medieval city centre of Cahors.Then, coupled heat and mass transfer through walls are integrated into the TEB (Town Energy Balance) urban climate model, using the developed and validated method. The suitability of this new version of TEB to represent the medieval town center of Cahors is assessed by comparison with in-situ measurement. A significant improvement is observed when simulating indoor relative humidity. The impact of moisture transfer is discussed at several scales.Finally, the retrofit of the old walls of buildings in the city center of Cahors is studied using several types of thermal insulation positioned inside or outside. These retrofitting scenarios are simulated with the modified version of TEB, including moisture transfer through the walls. Their relevance is compared with regard to energy issues, indoor and outoor comfort, heritage conservation and wall durability. Recommendations are given according to the type of wall
Genis, Léa. "Réhabiliter le bâti ancien et les cultures constructives : engagements, épreuves et attachements autour de la réhabilitation du bâti ancien en pisé en Isère." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH018/document.
Ancient buildings face today normative, environmental and patrimonial issues which foster their renovation and engage a great diversity of actors. This multiplicity initiates a debate around knowledge, professional worlds and attachments which are woven around existing buildings. This thesis delves into these dynamics focusing on the case of ancient rammed earth building (raw earth compressed into an external formwork) in the French department of Isere, France. It aims at describing how and by whom rammed earth buildings are involved in retrofitting projects, considering both their physical and representational improvement. We make the hypothesis that retrofitting projects, through the multiple ways of engagement they imply, help to free the experience of this buildings from an ordinary experience. Indeed, they put on trial the attachments developed by the actors around existing buildings and earthen material as much as the building knowledge and practices. These trials bring out collectives that weave a political meshwork. At different scales, this meshwork composes spaces for dialogue and appropriation of uses, practices and futures of existing buildings.The exploration of this hypothesis follows an interdisciplinary perspective that connect theoretical resources and methods developed in architecture, ethnology and sociology. It develops a pragmatic anthropology of building cultures composing a common problematic for these disciplines to discuss ancient building retrofitting. The investigation is based on multi-sited qualitative ethnography. Following projects paths carried by different actors (inhabitants, professionals, institutions), it describes the retrofitting worlds in action. First, the thesis describes the various forms of engagement in retrofitting projects, from the intervention on a specific building to its evaluation as heritage. These experience draw attention on different qualities of the buildings and bring them out of their ordinary status. Ancient rammed earth buildings are therefore engaged – and engage themselves – in multiple realities: house, place of life, workplace, local heritage, earthen architecture. It makes the actors act, react and interact. Then, the analysis shows how the difficulty of applying strict rehabilitation protocols leads the actors to engage in trials and to develop holds to carry out their projects. As the project progresses, these trials lead them to adjust their relations with each other and with existing buildings. As they grasp knowledge about retrofitting, they develop different attachments. Therefore, retrofitting projects contribute to the emergence of collectives, more or less durable. At their own scale, these collectives reclaim the methods of interventions on buildings and the decision that concern them. The thesis eventually aims to better understand the plural dimensions (material, constructive, architectural and interactional) of rammed earth building retrofitting and propose components for a dialogue to carry on with local stakeholders around the interests and conditions that would make possible to hold a political space around the uses and futures of existing buildings
Foray, Thevenin Geneviève. "Outils de formulation pour les matériaux thermo-structurés dédiés à la rénovation thermique du bâti." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724809.
Urrieta, Garcia Salvador. "Protection du patrimoine et aménagement dans le centre ancien de Mexico." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081106.
This thesis focuses on the rehabilitation and conservation of the urban patrimony as an important alternative for the de development and reordering of historical cities the disertation is divided into two principal sections. The first deals with the protection of urban patrimony with a view of the historical evolution on three levels, being cognizant of : a) on an international level, through the study of european experience regarding protection and rehabilitation. A study into legislation relative to the cultural patrimony, interventions into ancient districts, and rehabilitation methodologies. The goal is to identify the principal ideas central to patrimony conservation problems. B) on a national level, through the analysis of mexico's cultural patrimony viewed from its cultural history in order to comprehend the origin of notions of identity and nationalism. Fundamental ideas and feelings to establish the importanc e of the notion of patrimony in that nation. C) on a regional level, through the analysis of urban and reordering policies of ancient spaces in the city of mexico. Subjects viewed through the evolution of planning, the centralist policy, and the transformations of urban spaces that range from the global city to the central city. The second part refers to the curent rearrangement of the ancien center of mexico city and viewed from two aspects : a) the dimensions and the problems of the historical center of mexico city; examined to understand the specifics of this area to compare them with the conservation policies implemented by public authorities. B) the interest that are at stake in this ancient center. The future of mexico's urban patrimony, analyzed from the perspective of the permanence of its current inhabitants, of the balance between urban functions, of the appropriation of public space, and finally, of the democratization of the city and the participation of its inhabitants
Ghrissi, Wafa. "Analyse des phénomènes de transferts hygrothermiques de parois humides ventilées : application à la rénovation du patrimoine ancien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0096.
As part of the sustainable energy renovation of old buildings and in order to improve the energy efficiency of walls subjected to capillary rise, a new breakthrough technology consists of incorporating a ventilation system of a buffer space located between the thermal insulation and the wet load-bearing framework. This technology is one of the effective and inexpensive solutions to fight against capillary rise, while ensuring the durability of the insulation and the structural durability of the framework.Physically, the aeraulic device based on the generation of a laminar flow of forced convection of fresh air in a vertical channel in contact with the internal surface of the wet wall. This technology then creates an evaporation front at the internal surface of the wall, where as a result, simultaneous hygrothermal exchange occurs between the wall and the ventilated air space and between the wall and the external environment.Numerical modeling of these coupled physical phenomena is complex. We then followed an explicit scientific approach, which firstly consists in a simplification of the model thanks to the simple Darcy approach in the porous medium and to the forced convection equations. Our objective is to highlight the hygrothermal transfers between the humid wall and the ventilated air channel, assuming that the external face of the wall is in adiabatic conditions and that water saturated the porous medium. Secondly, the model extends to a generalized model based on the Luikov approach, which assimilates the wall with a partially saturated porous medium under diabetic conditions. A hybrid method, combining the Lattice - Boltzmann method, the finite volume method, and the iterative succesive over-relaxation method, solves these hygrothermal transfer equations.A "materials" data set identified by means of an experimental campaign of physical, hygrothermal and mechanical characteristics in order to constitute input parameters for the numerical models. Traditional construction techniques in the North of France targeted, through damp walls made of old terracotta bricks. In the light of these results, we can validate the model analytically, thanks to a similar and simplified approach, and experimentally, via an experimental device designed in the laboratory.Finally, a study of the sensitivity of the model to the input parameters of the model proposed, followed by the analysis of the influence of the fresh air blowing conditions (dynamic hygrothermal energy) and of the external environmental conditions on the performance of the ventilated duct leaned against a partially saturated wall in diabatic conditions. The results are presented in terms of temperature and water content distributions for the wall, isothermal fields and iso-concentration of water vapor and local dimensional numbers to identify the nature of the exchanges at the interface between the wet wall and the ventilated buffer space.Many research perspectives can emerge from our study, in particular through the transfer of this technology to the energy renovation market for wet properties. In addition to optimizing the operation of the aeraulic system and its automation in the face of environmental conditions, feedback on a real occupied site is currently being prepared
Othmen, Inès. "Étude des matériaux d'isolation compatibles avec la pierre de tuffeau : application à la réhabilitation du bâti ancien et/ou historique." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=6bd6c8b6-5b05-4f8d-ae3d-8da67f673df9.
In France, the building sector is a major challenge because alone is responsible for about half of the final energy consumption and nearly a quarter of national greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the regulations concerning the energy efficiency of buildings lead professionals to wonder about the issue of the insulation of buildings said “old”, built before 1948, in particular, those of Loire Valley made with tuffeau. However, there are no proven technology answers for the rehabilitation of buildings in limestone. In this context, we preferred use innovative technical solutions using hemp by wet and dry applications. Indeed, recent research has highlighted the interesting hygrothermal performance of this eco-material, in addition to its respect for the environment and sustainable development approach. In this phD work, three objectives are well pointed out. The first focused on a parametric study of limestone and concrete hemp to create a database of properties necessary for the evaluation of the insulation technique and numerical modeling of coupled heat and moisture transfer in the walls. The second objective was to test the insulated walls under real relative humidity and temperature conditions imposed within a biclimatic device. Finally, the third objective was to verify the experimental results with the numerical results obtained through two-dimensional software in porous media (heat / moisture - WUFI)
Chesnay, Bruno. "Les allergènes de l'habitat, acariens et moisissures : étude dans un quartier ancien de Bordeaux en voie de rénovation." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M032.
Benzerzour, Mohamed. "Transformations urbaines et variations du microclimat : application au centre ancien de Nantes et proposition d'un indicateur "morpho-climatique"." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00428536.
Ter, Minassian Hovig. "Ciutat Vella entre réhabilitation et gentrification : politiques publiques et changements sociaux dans le centre ancien de Barcelone (1980-2008)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443785.
Merckx, Benoit. "Étude et modélisation des transferts hydriques et thermiques au sein des matériaux inorganiques poreux : application aux matériaux du patrimoine bâti ancien, exemple de l'Hypogée des Dunes à Poitiers et de la crypte de l'abbatiale de Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2293/document.
In the framework of preservation and rehabilitation of ancient buildings, materials used for their construction must be characterized with regards to thermal and hydric transfer properties. The first stage of our research work focused on the development of a sensor of thermal conductivity and moisture content of the inorganic porous materials (stone, concrete, render) making up the monuments. The methods of investigation have to remain non-invasive. For this purpose, the path followed was to adapt the measure of thermal conductivity by a simplified transient hot-wire method, previously developed for corrosive fluids, to dressed stones used in built heritage. In order to transfer this technology from fluids to the solids, several stages were carried out : (1) measures with the integrated wire, (2) surface measures, (3) estimation of the influence of surface roughness and (4) use of this method to estimate the moisture content of several test materials.The second stage of the research consisted in the microclimatic monitoring of two historical sites: the Hypogeum of the Dunes in Poitiers and the crypt of the abbey church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe. The thesis work sought to evaluate the impact of construction work performed in the Hypogeum on the internal climatic conditions, and to determine the influence of climatic variations on the formation of a biological veil in the crypt of Saint-Savin. To this aim, correlative analysis is applied to the treatment of climatic data
Azos, Diaz Karina. "Étude multi-échelle des transferts de chaleur et de masse appliquée à un bâtiment parisien rénové, en condition météorologique normale et en période de vague de chaleur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066108/document.
In Paris 44% of the dwellings were built before 1914 with uninsulated thick walls made of porous materials, characterized by high thermal inertia and hygroscopic properties. The hygrothermal properties of existing buildings materials have effects that: (i) give (to these buildings) good thermal qualities in summer and (ii) help to regulate indoor temperature and relative humidity. In France the energy saving policies and thermal regulation have resulted in the implementation of thermal regulation to reduce energy consumption during winter. Though the installation of thermal insulation in existing buildings poses a number of difficulties. Moreover, it is expected that extreme heat conditions become more frequent in future climate scenarios. Thus, the possible evolutions of future climate must be integrated into the evaluation of renovation strategies in old buildings. This thesis focuses on the assessment of the hygrothermal behavior of old renovated Parisian buildings, in current and heat wave weather. At the building scale (housing), a model was built in dynamic thermal simulation tool. The model was calibrated and validated through recorded data from a measurement campaign launched in 2014 on the studied housings. At the wall scale, a macroscopic model in 2D is proposed to study the heat and mass transfer through a multilayered porous wall, renovated with internal thermal insulation and external thermal insulation
Kanhoush, Yasmin. "L’habitat urbain de Syrie au Bronze moyen : analyses technique, fonctionnelle et sociologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2122.
Whilst houses are certainly a work of architecture, they are also Man’s lived environment that reflect their technical expertise, home comforts, customs, way of life and their relationship with death. However, this type of vestige is often overlooked in favour of large, prestigious buildings of greater interest. Furthermore, Syria's Middle Bronze Age habitat has not yet been the subject of any detailed study, despite the strategic importance of this region and the period from an urban development perspective. In fact, the end of the third millennium (or Early Bronze) saw the abandonment of many sites, or at least a very significant reduction in their size and complexity, whereas the Middle Bronze II (between 1800 and 1500 B.C.), the period which concerns us, appears to have been a flourishing time.Our thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first focuses on a thorough and critical analysis of the available materials from 36 sites located in four separate regions, these being Northwest Syria, the Middle Orontes Valley, the Middle Euphrates Valley and Northeast Syria. This research has been enriched by unpublished data from previous German excavations on the site of Tell Halawa A on the Middle Euphrates valley, and archaeological work that we conducted on the site of Tell Mishrifeh / the ancient Qatna in Western Syria.All the available archaeological data has been used (architectural surveys, excavation photographs, field notes, articles already published, etc.), as well as certain pieces of textual data (notably those found in Area T at Qatna). These were interesting points of comparison that helped us to reconstruct more fully the history and the volumetry of the ancient houses.The second part of our work is based on the comparison and cross-referencing of the various results obtained, which enabled us to uncover the main technical, typological and functional characteristics of the houses of that period. We have highlighted regional differences and a possible evolution of the types of buildings and their uses. We have also sought, as far as is possible, to consider housing in its urban environment and to restore the social dimension of domestic architecture through the hierarchy and neighbourhood relations that it is likely to reveal
Mazzoli, Cecilia. "Sistemi tecnologici innovativi di involucro per il recupero del patrimonio edilizio recente : l’edilizia scolastica nel comune di Bologna." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1082/document.
The research is aimed at presenting a new integrated approach to aid operators and designers to manage the design process as a whole in refurbishment interventions of recent existing building stock, through the use of innovative technological envelope solutions. The study requires the acquisition of a selection of typological and constructive envelope solutions, as a starting point for the development of design solutions to be used for architectural renovation of schools built after the Second World War, in reinforced concrete and mostly prefabricated. The project identifies sustainable construction processes for the design of “active”, adaptive, efficient and dry assembled envelope components, in accordance with the performance requirements prescribed by current regulations. The purpose of the research is to manage the whole design process with the support of geometrical survey, connected to parametric programming software for modelling surfaces which can be adapted to the morphology of existing buildings. These computerized CAD-CAM tools are connected to CNC machines for “customized” industrialized production. To illustrate this innovative approach, two envelope solutions are proposed, according to the research paradigms and the principles of sustainability, meant as modularity, speed of setup, reversibility, recycling and reuse of materials with low environmental impact. In particular, the innovative solutions have in common the application of a technique based on the assembly of prefabricated components, the adoption of hexagonal patterns for the tessellation of the new surface of the façade, and the use of the same plastic and inorganic, recycled and sustainable, thermal insulation material (AAM-Alkali Activated Materials).The design solutions proposed are developed at the two sites involved in the joint
Trouki, Évangélia. "Αναλήμματα και περίβολοι [Analimmata kai périvoloi]." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR20050.
The purpose of this dissertaion is the study of the retaining walls and of the enclosure walls of delphi, build on dressed stones. In the first part, we are talking about the nature of the materials used : their nature, the quarries, the quarrying and transport process. The second part contains the treatment of the materials : the successif stages of each construction from its foundations to its crowning, the development of the building technics (processing of all the sides of a block, masonry choosed, technical solutions adopted in order to make the constructions more resistant, different phases of the work) as well as the definition of the general tendances of each period. The study of the architectural environment occupies the 3rd part of this study ; we are talleing about the regional and urban system of roads as well as of the main stages of the development of the principal architectural groups
Sayarath, Chayphet. "Dispositifs spatiaux et évolution des villes lao, persistence des pratiques et permanence des formes : la place du centre historique et de l'habitat ancien dans la recomposition de la ville contemporaine." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067185.
Hammoud, Ghassan. "Evolution de l'habitat et projet de redynamisation des centres anciens arabes. : Le cas de Homs, Syrie." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR1803.
Arab cities are experiencing dramatic urbanization along with major transformations impacting on urban structures and patterns, as well as on the nature of housing and its charactéristics. So ancient city centres and traditional housing are deteriorating considerably. The situation in Syrian towns and cities is no exception to this overall trend. Understanding such ongoing processes raises important issues : describe the current re-restructuring of Syrian towns and grasp the forces that are reshaping their neighbourhoods and the living space within them. We reflect on the evolution of the medina and of traditional housing areas in the face of accelerated modernization through the third largest city in Syria, Homs. Our approach seeks toshow that architectural forms constitute a matrix where social practices, symbolic values and representation patterns are deployed. Are the modifications impacting the dwellings of the ancient centre of Homs of the same nature as those affecting modern flats or neo-traditional houses ? Does the inhabitant who modifies his traditional house express a specific identity and a new modern way of life in Syria today ? Our research offers a diagnosis an analysis of ongoing changes and an approach to find a way out of the current crisis by revitalising ancient centres. What specific heritage enhancement can be considered in the domestic sphere of the city of Homs ? Several guidelines are suggested to protect traditional living spaces and initiate a new way of defining the content as well as the meaning of urban habitat programs
Lepage, Dominique. "Finitude et nouveauté : promesses et périls du nouveau au XXe siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30038/document.
This dissertation stems from the growing importance of the new throughout modernity, and its radicalization during the 20th century. The overwhelming presence of a notion so potent and yet so familiar raises the questions of the definition and of the value of novelty itself, beyond its modern appropriation. The problem with establishing its meaning lies in the polysemous nature of the notion. We show that novelty, in its multiple modalities, distinguishes itself not only as different from the past, something modernist discourses consistently insist upon, but more importantly, as a beginning. We understand this feature as a gain of power and an opening into the future. We also show that this constitutes the prime criteria for any novelty, and makes it a fundamental human issue. Novelty is at the core of how we experience time, our finitude and particularly our mortality. It does not follow, however, that novelty is a value or has value in itself. This must be examined through a study of the plurality of human temporalities and activities. Thus we also examine how novelty concretely manifests itself in human existence. This part of the dissertation is developed through a dialog with the thought of Hannah Arendt. Her conception of man as a being of birth and innovation, and her articulation of the multiple temporalities pertaining to human activity allows us to establish a differential and reasoned approach to the multiple meanings of novelty, in relation with the conditions of natality and mortality. The question of the value of novelty thus arises in relation to the context and reality in which it appears. As we get closer to the issue of human freedom, the more radical novelty gets, and the more the question of its value appears as a problem and as a task with which our judgment must deal
Bouchet-Blancou, Géraldine. "Densifier et rénover à l'échelle urbaine par la surélévation ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG031.
The thesis examines the potential of roof stacking to meet the expectations of urban densification policies, by studying three European cities : Paris, Geneva and Barcelona. Faced with the challenges of fighting against urban sprawl, thermal renovation of the building stock, social mix, easing of land pressure and enhancing the remarkable as the ordinary architectural heritage, roof stacking has been perceived since the early 2000’s as a proven solution on the building scale and now usable on a larger scale : that of the metropolis. Making a new city above the city would then be the solution to current urban ills. However, implementing a typology so strongly linked to the existing isn’t so simple and the results are sometimes even counter productive