Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Renforts composite'
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Huang, Jin. "Simulation du drapage des renforts de composites multicouches liés par piquage." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI098.
Full textNowadays, composite materials make it possible to reduce the mass of parts and are widely used in the aerospace, aeronautics and automotive industries. In addition, the multilayered reinforcement of composites allows the design of thick structures such as the fan blades of aircraft engines. However, many defects can occur during the forming process of multilayered reinforcements, such as the wrinkling problem. Research on the formation of wrinkles, as well as on the tufting technology to improve the mechanical property of multilayered reinforcements in the direction of thickness are presented in this work. The first part of this report is a study of the formation of the wrinkles of multilayered reinforcements subjected to out-of-plane bending. Firstly, the influence of the different orientations of the layers on the formation of wrinkles is explored. The relationship between the load applied to the fabric and the creation of wrinkles is thus shown. The second chapter compares two types of weaving pattern on the drapability of the composite. The third part consists of developing two numerical models adapted to simulate the forming of tuft-bonded composite reinforcements. These approaches involve the use of a stress resultant shell element to represent each layer of reinforcement and bar elements to represent the tufting yarn. These models require a specific contact algorithm to manage the interaction between the reinforcement and the tufting yarn. Finally, the last part consists of validating the models by comparing simulations and experiments
Azehaf, Ismael. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique et de la perméabilité des renforts tissés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI079.
Full textThe manufacture of composite parts by Resin Transfert Molding (RTM) requires to control two main phases: the shaping of the dry reinforcement and the injection of the matrix. Numerical simulation is a powerful tool when it comes to find the right set of parameters needed to obtain a part without non conformity. These research works where performed in this specific field with two main contributions: Mesomechanic: textile fabrics are periodic porous media. Modelling these materials at the mesoscale permit to reduce the geometrical model to a Representative Volume Element (RVE). At this scale the boundary value problem to solve is highly nonlinear: non linear behavior of the yarns, large deformations and contact. Solving this problem with a Finite Element Method include dealing with contact surface generation between the RVE and its neighbors. Part of the RVE yarns deformation is coming from these multiple contacts at the borders. There is no methods yet that solve this issue. The first objective of this thesis is to produce one. Permeability: the quality of the composite part at the end of the manufacturing process depends also of the matrix/reinforcement assembly. One of the parameters that influence the efficiency of this linkage is the permeability of the reinforcement. Measuring permeability throughout experiments is not easy. Numerical simulation offers another way to estimate the permeability of a textile fabric. Numerous works have been performed in this subject especially on 2D textiles. The second objective of this thesis is to propose a method for the numerical estimation of the permeability tensor of 2D and 3D textiles
Zhao, Hang. "Comportement multifonctionnel des composites comportant des nano/micro renforts." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC020/document.
Full textDue to the outstanding mechanical electrical and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) received worldwide attentions and intensive investigations in last decades. CNTs are greatly potential in applications such as energy storage and microelectronics. The one dimensional structure, high aspect ratio and low density, promote CNTs serving as the excellent fillers in composites field. However, due to the strong interactions, CNTs are usually difficult to be dispersed and aligned in a polymer matrix. Designing the CNTs construction reasonably is an effective way to ameliorate the dispersion states of CNTs in matrix. These specific hybrid constructions allowed CNTs arrays synthesized vertically onto the substrates through catalyst chemical vapor deposition method. These CNT arrays effectively overcome the problem of CNTs aggregation and promote the interconnection among CNTs, leading to a considerable improvement of multi-functional properties of composites. Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) served as substrate make their synthesizing products-GNP-CNTs hybrids (GCHs) possess distinct merits of all-carbon composition, totally-conductive coupling structure and the low intrinsic density. These GCHs constructions provide a great improvement in the dielectric and electrical properties of composites. However, the relationship between GCHs organization and synthesizing conditions during CVD process and the influence of the addition of GCHs to internal conductive networks have not been reported in detail. These mentioned issues will be investigated and discussed in this thesis, which is divided into four chapters:The first chapter makes a general review of the structure, properties, application and synthesis of CNTs and GNP substrates, and the main procedures of fabricating composites and surface functionalization of CNTs. Moreover, a short introduction of the development of micro-nano hybrids applied to the functional composites is made. Most importantly, the developing electrical states and (di) electrical characteristics of composites with ever-increasing conducting filler loading are reviewed in detail at the last part.The second chapter discusses firstly the synthesis process through the CCVD approach and the relationship between CVD parameters and the corresponding construction of GCHs, where the temperature, gas composition and reaction time were controlled. The constructions CNT arrays are dependent on the synthesis conditions. Furthermore, the results obtained from analysis can provide a structural foundation for the huge application potential of GCHs constructions. The third chapter introduces the poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based nanocomposites containing GCH particles, the dielectric properties of which are improved more greatly than the ternary composites loading equivalent mixture of GNPs and CNTs. The composites achieved by dispersing GCH particles into matrix using the mechanical melt-mixing process, showing a strongly reduced percolation threshold (5.53 vol %) and the relatively high thermal stability. Their improved dielectric properties can be attributed to the formed microcapacitor networks and the change of crystalline formation of matrix, caused by well-designed CNT arrays constructions. The fourth chapter investigates the advanced GCHs/ polydimethylsilicone (PDMS) composites with high piezo-resistive performance at wide temperature range. The synthesized GCHs can be well dispersed in the matrix through the mechanical blending process. The flexible composite shows an ultra-low percolation threshold (0.64 vol%) and high piezo-resistive sensitivity (gauge factor ~103 and pressure sensitivity ~ 0.6 kPa-1). Particularly, the much improvements of electrical properties achieved in GCHs/PDMS composites compared with composites filled with equivalent CNT, GNP or mixture of CNTs/GNPs. Slight motions of finger can be detected and distinguished accurately using the composites film as typical wearable sensor
Di, Paola François. "Modélisation multi-échelles du comportement thermo-mécanique de composites à renforts sphériques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554736.
Full textBounasser, Meriem. "Étude du comportement mécanique des renforts tressés pour les matériaux composites." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI004.
Full textThe use of textile composites is increasing in several areas, such as aerospace industries, transportation, civil engineering and others, due to their high strength-weight ratio. Braided structures are one of the textile reinforcements used in different industrial applications for the cost effectiveness of their manufacturing technique, its versatility and the wide range of shapes it can offer. The special structures with the special functionalities needed in each composite application make the braiding a delicate process that needs to be studied in order to fulfill the demands of each specific sector. This PhD project aims to achieve a proper understanding of the process, the structures, the various parameters and the behavior of the final products. The study is conducted using the Herzog 2D braiding machine of Ifth, which, combined with a 6 axes robot, can prototype 3D structures by over-braiding complex shaped mandrels. Multiple carbon fiber braided samples are produced by varying the process parameters (Braid angle, Braid's diameter ...) and characterized in order to assess the influence of these parameters on the braid's geometry and its mechanical properties. To reach a better understanding of the materials' behavior and to avoid the time-consuming trial and error manufacturing and testing way, a modeling procedure is necessary to support the experimental work and optimize the design phase of the braids. Different models have been developed by researchers to predict the properties of braids at different scales of the structure (microscopic - mesoscopic - macroscopic). This work will be focused on the finite element analysis at the meso-scale, i.e. the braid unit cell scale, which considers the orientation of the yarns and the braid's architecture. This analysis is conducted using a hypo-elastic constitutive law which is implemented in user subroutine Vumat in Abaqus/Explicit. In this work, the geometric model is obtained using micro-computed tomography, which is a nondestructive scanning technique that allows detailed and precise analysis of the geometry of a textile reinforcement
Vilfayeau, Jérôme. "Modélisation numérique du procédé de tissage des renforts fibreux pour matériaux composites." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0026/document.
Full textThe aeronautical industry faces new challenges regarding the reduction of fossil fuel consumption. One way to address this issue is to use lighter composite materials. The ability to predict the geometry and the mechanical properties of the unit cell is necessary in order to develop 3D reinforcements in composite materials for these aeronautical applications. There is a difficulty to get realistic geometries for these unit cells due to the complexity of their architecture. Currently, existing tools which model 3D fabrics at a meso scale don't take into account manufacturing process influence on the shape modification of the textile structure. There is already some numerical tools that can model the braiding or knitting process, but none have been developed for weaving so far. Consequently, this study deals with the numerical simulation of the weaving process to obtain a deformed dry fabric structure. During the weaving process of E-glass fabrics, achieved in our laboratory, it has been observed that large deformations led to the modification of transverse section of meshes, or local density changes, that can modify the fabrics mechanical resistance. For this reason, a numerical tool of the weaving process, based on finite element modelling, has been developped to predict these major deformations and their influences on the final textile structure. The correlation between numerical results and fabrics produced with glass fibres has been achieved for plain weave and 2-2 twill
Wang, Jie. "Simulation macro-méso de la mise en forme de renforts tissés interlocks." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI075.
Full textThe forming stage in the RTM process is crucial because it strongly influences the mechanical behavior of composites in service. In order to better predict the appearance of possible defects of composite materials, numerical simulations are increasingly developed taking into account the duration and the cost of experiences. Deformations and orientations of yarns at the mesoscopic scale are essential to simulate the resin flow in the stage of injection. Given the number of elements and their complex interactions, it is difficult to conduct the shaping simulations for the entire reinforcement at this mesoscopic scale. This present thesis consists in developing a multiscale method that allows linking the macroscopic simulations of reinforcements and the mesoscopic modellings of RVE (representative volume element) during the forming process. Firstly, the numerical simulations for three different woven reinforcements at the macroscopic scale are carried out using an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive law, by the finite element method with a dynamic explicit scheme. Then, the geometrical modelling of RVE at the mesoscopic scale are reconstituted based on the tomographic images. The mesoscopic displacement-deformation fields of woven reinforcements are determined from the macroscopic results and the position of the yarns. In order to take into consideration sliding effects of yarns, two approaches of mesoscopic simulations of RVE are developed. Finally, the mesoscopic numerical results are compared with the experimental results
Denis, Yvan. "Modélisation en grandes déformations du comportement hystérétique des renforts de composites : Application à l'estampage incrémental." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI098.
Full textComposite materials are experiencing exponential growth in use in the aerospace, aeronautics, automotive and sports sectors. This significant development is mainly due to the excellent mechanical properties offered by this type of material. In addition, the ratio characteristics/weight is extremely advantageous since they remain lighter than the materials usually used in the past. However, they are also extremely expensive and moderately understood compared to the scientific knowledge that exists for crystalline materials. Numerical simulation tool has therefore become an integral part of the improvement of shaping processes, which requires the development of mechanical models. Until now, given stamping strategies using a single punch/matrix pair, the loads were assumed to be monotonous and therefore the associated behavioural laws were hyperelastic or viscoelastic. However, given that industrial demand is constantly growing and the complexity of the geometries which is also increasing, we propose, through the work presented here, innovative and original approaches such as incremental forming and the management of boundary conditions. These new approaches induce cyclic loading variations in shear or bending and hyperelastic models are therefore no longer enough reliable to properly model stamping processes. As the study of hysteresis behaviour is new for composite materials, the work presented then focuses on dry reinforcements. Thus, an experimental approach was carried out to determine the reaction of the fabric once it was subjected to cyclic loading. Then, dissipative hysteretic models were established for integration into finite element calculation software. Finally, numerical simulations with experimental comparisons are proposed, initially basic to validate the model and then more complex to show the interest of such models and strategies
Labanieh, Ahmad Rashed. "Développement de renfort 3D multiaxial tissé pour les structures de composite : technologie, modélisation et optimisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10163/document.
Full text3D weaving technology is developed in response to the poor delamination resistance of laminated composite structures by insertion through the thickness fiber reinforcements. However, this technology is limited relatively to a possibility to insert in-plane yarns oriented other than 0° and 90°. This results in reduction of the in-plane off axis tensile properties and the in-plane shear resistance. Therefore, 3D multiaxis weaving technology has been developed in order to enable this insertion. In the thesis, a novel technique able to produce 3D multiaxis woven preforms is presented with the possibility to control the sequencing of yarn layers. The constitutive yarns and unit cell parameters of the produced samples have been measured with investigation of yarns geometry (cross section shape and path) within the structure, by analyzing the captured micrographs for the samples cross section. Predictive geometrical model has been developed. This model is indispensable design tool providing approximate estimation of the geometrical properties of the dry preforms and composites. Moreover, a geometric modeling approach is improved helping to construct an RVE of this structure as accurate as possible based on the elaborated geometrical characterization. Based on the developed RVE, a mechanical modeling has been also improved and completed using the finite element method serving firstly, to evaluate the bias yarns effect on the elastic stiffness and in-plane off-axis properties in comparison with equivalent 3D orthogonal woven composite. Secondly, it helps to investigate the influence of the in-plane layers sequence on the induced interlaminare stresses at the composite free edges
Tran, Ich Thinh. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement mécanique et de l'endommagement d'un composite stratifié à renforts tissu." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0059.
Full textAbdul, Ghafour Tarek. "Analyse des irréversibilités lors de la mise en forme des renforts de composites." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI083/document.
Full textIn the industrial context of shaping composite materials with fibrous reinforcements, the numerical simulation tool has become an integral part of process improvement. Today, numerical simulations of shaping fibrous reinforcements are mostly based on a macroscopic approach and continuous material models that have been assumed to be nonlinear elastic, thus reversible. However, under non-monotonous loading paths, the fibrous reinforcement shows significant irreversibility, particularly related to sliding between yarns and between fibers. First of all, we will try to characterize the importance of irreversibilities by cyclic tests (bending, in-plan shearing, compression) carried out on woven reinforcements. The second part consists in looking for behavior models that describe bending and in-plane shear irreversibilities to implement them in a finite element code. A validation of these behavior models is made by comparing simulation and experimental results of bending and in-plane shear identification tests. This part is realized on PlasFib, a software developed by INSA Lyon, based on finite element code in large deformation, proposing a macroscopic semi-discrete approach of fibrous reinforcements. The third part of the study will consist in simulating the shaping process of different industrial parts (or inspired by industrial parts). This will aim first at identifying loading cases apt to produce non-monotonous loading paths (in bending and in-plane shear) during the shaping process ; and second, at studying the importance of using irreversible models to simulate these shaping processes by comparing the results of simulations obtained with reversible behavior models with those obtained for irreversible behavior models
Bonnafous, Claire. "Analyse multi échelle des mécanismes d'endommagement de composites chanvre/époxy à renforts tissés." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0015.
Full textThe mechanical behavior of hemp woven fabric/epoxy composites has been studied through tensile tests at the composite constituent scales. The variability of natural fibers has been considered thanks to statistical analyses. It has been integrated in an analytical modeling which has allowed to determine the mechanical properties of composites from elementary components ones. Damage mechanisms have been tracked with microscopic observations coupled with acoustic emission and stiffness loss measurements. Results have shown that the growth of damage is faster in [-45/+45]7 and [0/90]7 hemp/epoxy composites than in glass/epoxy ones, for the same fiber volume fraction. Moreover, fiber/matrix interface damage are the earliest and the most numerous damage in hemp/epoxy composites. The interfacial properties and the stress transfer at fiber/matrix interface in hemp/epoxy composites have been studied thanks to specific tests using photoelasticity and digital image correlation methods. Results have shown that the critical interfacial shear strength is lower for hemp/epoxy composites than for glass/epoxy ones. Numerical simulation of the fragmentation tests provides a correct estimation of this data for single hemp yarn specimen. Optimization tests have also been realized applying thermal and chemical treatments of reinforcement
Tiar, Mohamed Amine. "Éléments finis spéciaux pour l’analyse linéaire et non-linéaire géométrique des structures composites à renforts fibreux." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2345/document.
Full textNumerical modeling of composite materials and structures with complex geometry of fiber reinforcement, such as stitched composites, constitutes a major research axis in order to correctly predict their mechanical behavior. Within this context, this study focuses on the development of new linear and nonlinear specific finite elements based on a multiscale numerical approach, called the Projected Fiber Approach (PFA). This numerical approach has the advantage of taking into account the presence of fi bers, long or short and distributed randomly or specifically, within a matrix space without discretizing them. Consequently, the obtained system of equations size is equivalent to that without reinforcement (matrix), which considerably reduces the computational cost. To analyze the linear and geometrically nonlinear behaviors of composite structures, two membrane finite elements, named PFT3 and PFQ4, and a 3D solid finite element, named PFH8, were developed and implemented into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS via the user element subroutine (UEL). Several numerical linear and nonlinear tests are considered to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed composite finite elements, and the obtained results are globally in good agreement with the reference solutions. Moreover, the major interest of the PFA approach is particularly emphasized by studying two 3D complex reinforced composite structures: a stitched sandwich plate and a hollow core sandwich plate reinforced by "8" shape fibers
Collomb, Jean. "Optimisation du processus de dimensionnement thermomécanique de Moule Autonome à Transfert Thermique Efficient pour transformation rapide des matériaux composites à renforts continus." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA019/document.
Full textThe issue of MATTE project is to propose an innovative process using perfectly controlled technologies for the production of structural composites high speed high performance with continuous fibers and thermoplastic resins (composites TPFC) or thermoset. This system is one of the techniques known as Heat & Cool, well known in the field of plastic injection. The aim of this technology is to extend these techniques to the field of structural composites. Compared to existing resources, this process will integrate in production: new monitoring functions, reduce energy consumption by about 80%, peripheral investments by 30% and to pursue a complete cycle time of less than 3 minutes. The similar method in the existing composite is the RTM, however, it is high energy consumption technology and do not allow high production rate. It is therefore the reference to quantify the performance of the MATTE technology
Gentieu, Timothée. "Development of filled polymers for the replacement of ceramics used as ballistic protection layer." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0419.
Full textCeramics have extensively been used for ballistic protection in the last decades. The combination of their mechanical properties makes them very interesting for armouring. Indeed, they exhibit a high hardness, large compression strength, high stiffness and low density. Ceramic armouring plates are commonly manufactured through a sintering process, where ceramic powders are pressed at high temperatures. This manufacturing process tends to limit the size and shape of components and imparts high costs. On the other hand, moulding using a polymer matrix composite provides an alternative process for developing lower cost parts whilst accommodating increased complexity of geometry and size.However, the mechanical behaviour of such a material is not completely known and depends on multiple design parameters: the mechanical properties of the phases, their volume fraction, the size and spatial distributions of the particles, and the adhesion between the components. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate the influence of the main morphological parameters on the overall mechanical properties, emphasising the influence of the particle/matrix adhesion. To do so, both numerical and experimental multiscale analyses of the material under quasi-static and dynamic loadings were carried out.More precisely, static and dynamic properties of the particle-reinforced composite have been determined for different combinations of the design variables. In particular, attention has been dedicated to the particle/matrix decohesion mechanism. Cohesive zone models (CZM) and Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) approaches were used to model this phenomenon and a strong effect of the particle size on debonding was observed
Guignier, Claire. "Etude mécanique et physique de l'usure par frottement de renforts textiles de matériaux composites après croissance de nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH9233/document.
Full textReinforcement of composite materials with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grafted on textiles provides an increase in the properties of the composites. The flame method is the most rapid and the easiest industrialized technique to realize the growth of CNTs on textile surfaces. At an industrial scale, some strains will be applied between the CNTs’ growth step and the composite processing, which can cause damage on the CNTs and alter the positive contribution of the CNTs to the properties of composites. That is why the aim of this study is to determine the effect of different industrial stresses on the CNTs behaviour and their influence on the composite processing and composite properties. In this work, we highlighted the formation of a transfer film, composed of CNTs, during the friction of the CNTs against metallic pieces or against the same fabric. The presence of the CNTs shows a particular behaviour in indentation. However, the wettability with an epoxy resin is not influenced by the CNTs, except a little in the dynamic of the wettability. It has been shown that the growth condition of the CNTs, particularly the catalyst, has an influence on the long term resistivity of the transfer film formed by the friction, on the adhesion of the CNTs on the fibres and on the dynamic of the wettability with an epoxy resin. Finally, composite materials composed of CNTs growth fabrics before and after the wear of the surface, were manufactured in order to study the influence of the wear on the properties of the composite material. It appears that, the wear, causing the formation of the transfer film, has no influence on the electrical and flexural properties of the composite material
Malchère, Annie. "Elaboration par mécanosynthèse, puis études structurales, microstructurales et mécanique d'un composite à base Al et à renforts nanométriques SiC." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112315.
Full textSaulnier, Florence. "Influence de traitements physico-chimiques des renforts sur le comportement mécanique des composites à base de co-produits de bois." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959532.
Full textNasri, Mondher. "Analyse numérique et expérimentale de la mise en forme par estampage des renforts composites pour applications aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0127/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a research theme dealing with the optimization of the design process and thepreparation for a manufacturing process by stamping of complex shaped parts. The preforming ofdry woven reinforcements is one of the most important steps during production of complexcomposite material parts such as RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process. In this stage, thedeformation of preform (fabric) is quite important. Understand the woven behavior is an essentialstep in the study of shaping processes. In order to use woven reinforcements to produce industrialparts, it is compulsory to take into account their intrinsic characteristics at different scales, theirvery large shear deformations and the high oriented behavior of these materials. Further more, thedetermination of the reinforcement orientations after forming is an important task. The complexityof the experimental development of the shaping of woven reinforcements makes simulation animportant tool for optimizing the design of composite parts. This work presented a new non-lineardiscrete hybrid approach, based on the association of hypoelastic continuous elements (non-linearshear behavior) with specific non-linear behavior connectors. This approach able to predict thestresses at the level of the fiber to determine with more precision, the shear angles based on themodification of the orientation in large de formation. In addition, it allows the overall behavior of thetissue to be analyzed and predicted from its internal structure. The number of parameters to be identified is limited and the calculation time is reasonable. This approach was implemented in the Finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit via a VUMAT routine code. The identification and validationof the model was performed using standard fabric characterization tests. The woven reinforcement forming results were compared with experimental results
Blais, Maxime. "Modélisation et suivi du procédé par infusion de résine sur une nouvelle génération de renforts structuraux pour l’aéronautique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM003/document.
Full textThis study deals with the manufacturing by infusion of a new high performance fibrous reinforcement solution developed for LCM (Liquid Composite Molding) composite materials manufacturing processes. Combining simulations with experimentations, the aim of this work is to understand and control the process parameters in order to develop accurate simulation tools. Involving specific experimental plan and protocols combined with in-situ monitoring technologies this study points out the physics and length scales challenging the process simulation. The numerical strategy considered in this works is based on a strong coupling between a Stokes and Darcy model undergoing large strains and where interfaces are represented and managed by a Level-Set method. At the process scale, the fluid mechanics problem describes the resin flow through the distribution medium and then through fibrous preforms assimilated to porous medium. A key feature of our approach is the fluid-solid interaction leading to couple a fluid/porous flow with a non-linear solid mechanic problem. The interaction phenomenon due to the resin flow in the orthotropic highly compressible preform is based on both Terzaghi’s law and explicit relations expressing permeability as function of porosity. Some numerical simulations are presented and compared to the experimental characterizations. The results point out the the first necessity to work on the permeability comprehension, definition and characterization. Applied to the specific reinforcements of the study, the representation of the complex local flows and their homogenization through this single permeability notion can also be questionable
Steer, Quentin. "Modélisation de la mise en forme des renforts fibreux cousus (NCF) : Etude expérimentale et numérique de l’influence de la couture." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI115.
Full textContinuous fibre composites (carbon, glass) are regularly used in the transport industries (automotive, aeronautics) for their excellent mechanical performance in relation to their mass. While woven reinforcements are widely used and studied, there is a growing interest in stitched reinforcements called "non crimp fabric" (NCF). These reinforcements consist of juxtaposed plies of unidirectional fibres , non-woven, but sewn together with a stitching thread. They allow a greater variety of fibre orientation and optimize the properties of the composite by reducing fiber interweaving. The manufacture of composite parts by automated processes such as RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) involves the forming of fibrous reinforcements to obtain complex 3D geometries. The draping of NCFs is strongly impacted by the presence of the stiching thread. The development of simulation tools should enable the manufacture of these products to be optimize. This work focuses on the mechanical role of stitching during forming. The study focuses on experimental tests and finite element simulations in explicit dynamics of various NCF reinforcements. Different modelling approaches at macroscopic scale are proposed for NCFs, based on previous work on woven reinforcements : integration of stitched thread and the stitch pattern into the laws of behaviour; development of models mixing continuous finite elements for fibre modelisation, and semi-discrete models for the stitch. The performance of these different approaches is compared with experimental results. Finally, a new contribution is add to consider the bending rigidity in the plane of the fibrous reinforcements by generalizing the use of finite elements shell called "rotation-free" for the calculation of all the curvatures (out of plane and in the plane)
Orliac, Jean-Guillaume. "Analyse et simulation du comportement anisotrope lors de la mise en forme de renforts tissés interlock." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823359.
Full textFlorimond, Charlotte. "Contributions à la modélisation mécanique du comportement de mèches de renforts tissés à l'aide d'un schéma éléments finis implicite." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0136/document.
Full textSimulating the manufacturing process of woven preforms is a major stack for understanding the development of composite materials, used in high performance industries. The effect of the weaving loom on the preforms is very important to caracterize their mechanicals properties. Experimental tests are realised to identify the physical phenomenon. Different deformation modes are studied : elongation, compaction, shear and distortion. The bending and friction behavior are also important to understand the effect of weaving process. Two constitutive laws are considered : a hypoelastic law and a hyperelastic law. An analyse of their properties is presented, and their implementation in a commercial software, ABAQUS/Standard, is detailed. In this purpose, two subroutines can be used. The modelisation of the mechanical behavior of the tows is finally realised with a transversely isotropic hyperelastic St-Venant model, with the subroutine ABAQUS/Standard UANISOHYPER_INV. To conclude, an identification method is presented and the simulated results are compared to experimental tests. The obtained consitutive behavior is finally used to simulate the weaving process
Houhou, Noureddine. "Durabilité des interfaces collées béton/renforts composites : développement d'une méthodologie d'étude basée sur un dispositif de fluage innovant conçu pour être couplé à un vieillissement hygrothermique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765147.
Full textNaouar, Naïm. "Analyse mésoscopique par éléments finis de la déformation de renforts fibreux 2D et 3D à partir de microtomographies X." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0088/document.
Full textThe simulation at meso-scale of textile composite reinforcement deformation provides important information. In particular, it gives the direction and density of the fibres that condition the permeability of the textile reinforcement and the mechanical properties of the final composite. These meso FE analyses are highly dependent on the quality of the initial geometry of the model. Some software have been developed to describe composite reinforcement geometries. The obtained geometries imply simplification that can disrupt the reinforcement deformation computation. The present work presents a direct method using computed microtomography to determine finite element models based on the real geometry of the textile reinforcement. The FE model is obtained for any specificity or variability of the textile reinforcement, more or less complex. The yarns interpenetration problems are avoided. These models are used with two constitutive laws : a hypoelastic law and a hyperelastic one. An analysis of their properties is presented and their implementation in the software ABAQUS is detailed. Finally, an identification method is presented and the results of forming simulations are compared to experimental tests, which shows a good fit between the both
Gallican, Valentin. "Homogenization estimates for polymer-based viscoelastic composite materials." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS543.
Full textThis Ph.D. work deals with the description of the time harmonic response of polymer-based viscoelastic composite materials. On the one hand, the emphasis is put on particulate-reinforced composite materials whose matrix is defined by fractional Zener models containing elastic spherical particles. The asymptotic behaviour of the overall complex moduli is studied by resorting to stationary principles for complex viscoelasticity. Four exact conditions on the storage and loss moduli are obtained. Two of them classically correspond to the uncoupled elastic responses at low and high frequencies while the two others result from the viscoelastic coupling in the transient regime. These conditions only involve the strain fields solutions of asymptotic elastic problems. Based on these conditions, we propose to develop approximate viscoelastic homogenization models for the whole frequency range. They classically make use of Dirichlet-Prony series to estimate the overall viscoelastic behaviour. Such models are presented by means of the GSC scheme for isotropic constituents and compared to FFT full-field computations carried out on periodic microstructures with various volume fractions of particles. On the other hand, we focus on the modeling of TATB-based pressed polymer-bonded explosives seen as jointed polycrystals by means of two-step multiscale modeling. We first investigate the effective elasticity of binder-free TATB-based polycrystals with respect to various morphological parameters. Afterwards, the overall viscoelastic behaviour is assessed by making use of mean-field schemes and compared to FFT full-field computations and experimental data
Ratiarisoa, Lisa Barbara. "Etude de matériaux naturels 2D : Potentialités d'utilisation comme renfort de matériaux composites." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0393.
Full textFacing the worldwide environmental, social and economic crisis awareness, the possibility ofreinforcing composites by a lignocellulosic textile reinforcement, the coconut leaf sheaths fromCocos nucifera L. was assessed in this work. The exploratory phase of sheaths characterizationhas shown that this resource forms a two-way textile made up of cellulose mostly. In contrast toclassic vegetable reinforcements, it is less hygroscopic, lighter with best tensile mechanicalproperties in preferential fibers directions. About the experimental campaign on the treatmentseffect, xylanase and laccase treated sheaths show a slight surface chemical change. Pyrolysedfibers are more hydrophobic but less resistant translating a damaging of them. Lime treatedsheaths show a higher thermal stability. Thus, raw sheaths were retained to reinforceparticleboards, the temperature of panels manufacture being lower than the start degradationtemperature of the raw sheaths. The two-faces panel covered with raw sheaths top part forms themost promising candidate to develop thermal eco-insulator. Some of its mechanical and physicalproperties fulfill american and european standards. Its thermal properties are similar to the onesnoticed in the bibliography for low density lignocellulosic particleboards
Martins, Alan. "Analysis of damage mechanisms in composite structures reinforced by tufting." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2443/document.
Full textThis study focused mainly on the assessment of the mechanical performance and the failure mechanisms of tufted composites under divers loading conditions. Laminated plates and stiffened panels reinforced by tufting was manufactured with different tufting parameters to evaluate their effect in the properties of the composites. Multi-instrumented characterization carried out during the tests assisted the investigation. The tufted plates subjected to short-beam shear tests aided especially in the behavior analysis of tufting density and angle in mode Il loading condition, while impact and compression after impact (CAI) tests on the damage tolerance. Open-hole fatigue tests were also performed to evaluate the tufts response, especially regarding their position to the center hole, to the strain concentration factor generated by the hole. The following part of this work consisted of the mechanical tests on omega stiffened panel reinforced by tufting. The procedure optimized the tufting parameters employed for reinforcing the structures from the previous batch of specimens until reaching an optimal point that the main properties, primarily found in pull-off tests, are equal or superior to those of the control specimens. This improvement also considered the modifications in the shape of the stiffeners. Furthermore, a novel approach based on the piezoresistive effect of carbon tufts under loading of the composite specimens is performed. This may support the monitoring of the health status on the tufted threads and therefore of the composite because of the structural nature of the tufts. The results showed that tufting reinforcements are capable of increasing the interlaminar fracture toughness and damage tolerance of the composites considerably owing mainly to their crack bridging phenomena. The tufting parameters are decisive factors for achieving the best mechanical properties. However, this work reported that tuft threads are also responsible for generating cracks due to the strain concentration and defects caused by their insertion and consequently, can decrease the strength of the composites. The investigation concludes that the random insertion of the tufts is not ideal for the performance of the material and thus must be avoided. The development of the tufting insertion in the omega stiffeners was supported by the multi-instrumented characterization that led to optimizing reinforcement in the structure. Although the study achieved the goal of obtaining mechanical properties significantly superior to the omega panels reinforced by tufting, it is noticeable that the procedure employed is not optimal. The present work also proposes a preliminary finite element model to overcome the costly and time consuming of the experimental tests. It intends primarily optimizing the tufting parameters in the structure. The model developed was capable of predicting the same damage events as observed experimentally, but it still distant from the quantitative predictions of the results. The structural health monitoring of the tufted composite laminates by the carbon threads seems promising and could help in the future for supplying data about the tufts health status under loading that are not achieved by the conventional characterization methods employed in this work
Devaux, Éric. "Influence de la présence de renforts et des conditions de mise en œuvre sur la morphologie et les propriétés dans un composite polypropylène-fibres de verre." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10144.
Full textFontaine, Pauline. "Traitement thermique de recyclage appliqué aux composites carbone/PEEK et aux mélanges de composites renforcés carbone. Solutions alternatives de valorisation des fibres recyclées." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0015.
Full textCarbon Fiber Reinforced Composites (CFRC) are high technical materials applied in various fields from sports to aeronautics. During the last decade, the demand of CFRC has extended significantly resulting in increasing the volume of composite waste generated each year. Incited by European directives, thermal recycling treatments have been developed at industrial scale to recover carbon fibers, mostly from thermosetting composites. Nowadays CFRP in development used thermoresistant resins such as Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK). Part of this work is to study the recycling feasibility of this type of CFRP alone and mixed with thermosetting and thermoplastics matrix based composites. Semi-industrial pilot was used in inert (pyrolysis) and reactive (steam-thermolysis, oxydation) atmosphere conditions. First results of mixture perform in nitrogen have revealed that inert atmosphere cannot allow the recovery of carbon fibers from thermoresistant resins. On the contrary trials on PEEK in oxydative atmospheres enable the extraction of fiber, but induce morphological and chemical modifications and tensile strength reduction. New approach on the recycled carbon fiber valorization have also been studied. These fibers have been coated by nanocellulose as sizing agent for their reuse in new composite formulations. Mechanical properties loss induce by recycling have been offset thank to this surface treatment. Recycled fibers was also incorporate in jute/PA6 composite to create a hybrid composite with balance properties in terms of strength, price and environmental impact
D'Agostino, Marco Valerio. "Generalized continua and applications to finite deformations of quasi-inextensible fiber reinforcements." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0061/document.
Full textDered materials in the simplest and more effective way. However, there are some cases in which the considered materials are heterogeneous even at relatively large scales and, as a consequence, the effect of microstructure on the overall mechanical behavior of the medium cannot be neglected. In such situations, Cauchy continuum theory may not be useful to fully describe the mechanical behavior of considered materials. It is in fact well known that such continuum theory is not able to catch significant phenomena related to concentrations of stress and strain and to specific deformation patterns in which high gradients of deformation occur and which are, in turn, connected to particular phenomena which take place at lower scales. Generalized continuum theories may be good candidates to model such micro-structured materials in a more appropriate way since they are able to account for the description of the macroscopic manifestation of the presence of microstructure in a rather simplified way. The present manuscript is organized as follows: In ch.1 a general description of fibrous composite reinforcements is given. In ch.2 some fundamental issues concerning classical continuum mechanical models are recalled. In ch.3 we start analyzing some discrete and continuum models for the description of the mechanical behavior of 2D woven composites. At this stage of the manuscript, we want to show how some discrete numerical simulations allowed us to unveil some very special deformation modes related to the effect of the local bending of fibers on the overall macroscopic deformation of fibrous composite reinforcements. Such discrete simulations showed rather clearly that microscopic bending of the fibers cannot be neglected when considering the deformation of fibrous composite reinforcements. For this reason, we subsequently introduced a continuum model which is able to account for such microstructure-related effects by means of second gradient terms appearing in the strain energy density. In ch.4 we reduce the general continuum mechanical framework introduced in ch.2 to the particular case of 2D continua. In ch.5 we introduce a strong kinematical hypothesis on the admissible deformations, assuming that the yarns composing the woven reinforcements are inextensible
Alia, Adem. "Comportement à la rupture d'un composite à fibres végétales." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI016.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the characterization of the mechanical behavior and the damage of a woven jute / polyester composite. natural fibers are indeed an interesting ecological alternative to synthetic fibers, in particular glass fibers which are the most used for composite manufacturing. The studied composite is developed in the LMNM laboratory at IOMP, Sétif, Algeria. Two fibre orientations ([0] 8 and [+ 45 / -45] 2S) are considered. The mechanical characterization is carried out in monotonic tensile and compression as well as in cyclic fatigue. Mechanical and microstructural characterizations are carried out in the MATEIS laboratory. The study of the damage is carried out by combining five techniques: the evolution of mechanical parameters via cyclic and fatigue tests, microscopy, acoustic emission (EA), image correlation and micro- RX tomography. The study of the evolution of the mechanical parameters combined with the global analysis of the AE provides first indicators concerning the development of the damage during the tests. Microstructural analyzes allow to finely identify the damage mechanisms that occur during mechanical tests (fiber / matrix decohesions, matrix cracks and fiber breakage). For the segmentation of acoustic emission signals in monotonic tests, an unsupervised classification is used, emphasizing the choice of descriptors and the labeling of the classes obtained. Tensile tests instrumented by image correlation as well as in situ tensile tests under tomography allow to identify the chronology of appearance of the damage. These results are also used to label the obtained classes . The labeled signals are then used to create a library to identify the chronology of evolution of the modes of damage in cyclic fatigue achieved by supervised classification. Finally, all these analyzes made it possible to establish damage scenarios for the different damage modes and for the two orientations. It is thus possible to reconsider the development to optimize the mechanical properties
Decrette, Mathieu. "Tissage Jacquard : étude de paramètres et optimisation du tissage 3D haute densité." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH7952.
Full textWeaving basic structure is an orthogonally interlaced yarns plane, produced thanks to weft insertion across parallel warp yarns. Shedding is a major step for shed generation by warp yarns separation. Shedding may generate warp yarns interactions and yarn structure degradations because of density. Such a phenomenon becomes major with composite high density woven reinforcement where degradations and final product mechanical properties loss may become considerable. With high performance composites market growth, weaving process needs to be improved.A Jacquard shedding mechanism has been employed for high density multilayer woven fabric weaving optimization, as this technique enables warp yarns individual motorized driving with very particular shedding parameters. In this research, Jacquard shedding parameters have been studied so that their effects on the weaving process may be brought to light, with a specific weaving machine dedicated to multilayer weaving, where polyester multifilament yarns are used.It has been observed that high density multilayer weaving produces friction and many degradations during shedding between filaments because of the fibrillation phenomenon. Fibrillation has been examined and understood thanks to the observation of its evolution according to Jacquard shedding parameters. It has been the basis for optimal weaving parameter configurations which may be used for woven reinforcements composites quality improvement
Khelidj, Abdelhafid. "Modelisation des structures composites viscoelastiques a renforts filamentaires." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2050.
Full textAgrebi, Fatma. "Étude des propriétés diélectriques, thermiques et vibrationnelles de matériaux nano-composites à base du caoutchouc naturel renforcés par des nano-renforts cellulosiques." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0001/document.
Full textNatural rubber isolated from Hevea Brasiliens and reinforced with different percentages of cellulose nano-reinforcements was investigated using three characterization techniques: Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis, Dielectric Spectroscopy and finally Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. The aim of the research is to understand the impact of cellulosic nano-reinforcements with different shapes and mass fractions in order to choose the nano-composite with high performance for mechanical applications
Hamdi, Khalil. "Fonctionnalisation de matériaux composites à renfort carbone et matrice thermoplastique par adjonction de nanocharges : élaboration et étude du comportement." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2388/document.
Full textTo extend the use of composites in more varied application (smart applications, multifunctional issues), one of the actual barrier is their poor electrical and thermal conductivities. In the case of carbon fiber reinforced composites, organic matrix are in charge of the insulating properties of the resulting composite. One of the solutions to enhance conductivities of materials is the use of conductive nanofillers. Improving the electrical and thermal properties of nanofilled polymers has been investigated in several studies. However, studiing the properties of continuous carbon fiber nano-filled composites is less approached. This work tends to fabricate and characterize carbon black and carbon nanotubes nano-filled composites. First of all, special interest was given to the delicate phase of manufacturing. As mentioned before, processing continuous fiber reinforced nanofilled polymers implies issues related to nanofillers agglomeration and inhomogeneous dispersion in the final composite. To resolve these problems, the choice of the thermoplastic (Polyamide6) matrix seemed preferable. In fact, the dispersion of nanofillers was made by twin screw extrusion which is known as one of the most effective agglomeration separation ways. Adding to this, the fabrication method based on Polyamide 6 shects called film stacking, ensure a homogeneous partition at the beginning of the process. SEM observations were performed to localize the nano-particles. It showed that particles penetrated on the fiber zone. In fact, by reaching the fiber zone, the nano-fillers created network connectivity between fibers which means an easy pathway for the current. It explains the noticed improvement of the electrical conductivity of the composites by adding carbon black and carbon nanotube. This test was performed with the 4 points electrical circuit. It shows that electrical conductivity of 'neat' matrix composite passed from 20S/cm to 80S/cm by adding 8wt% of carbon black and to 15S/cm by adding 18wt% of the same nano-filler. For carbon nanotubes, with '2.5wt% the conductivity was around 150S/cm. For the thermal properties, tests based on Joule's effect were performed. The rise of temperature was recorded using IR camera. Results obtained are in agreement with the electrical conductivity ones, showing enhancement of the thermal behavior in presence of nanofillers. Thanks to these results, the use of these composites as a damage-monitoring tool was possible. By the way, the electrical resistance change method was performed. Nanofilled materials showed better sensitivity to damage. Results were compared with classical damage monitoring tools. At the end, several 'smart' applications were tested such as graded functionalities composite and stitched nanofilled materials
Elouaer, Abdelmonem. "Contribution à la compréhension et à la modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à renfort en fibres végétales." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS003/document.
Full textThe composites industry continues to evolve and grow by developing new materials and new technologies. Replacing fossil materials by materials with natural origin (especially vegetable) seems to be one of the most promising. In this context our research is proposed. It is interested to characterize the mechanical behavior of a polypropylene matrix composite reinforced with fibers of Hemp and Wood of Hemp (Chenevotte). The various means and characterization techniques used in this study showed that these new materials have interesting mechanical properties, coming rival those of other conventional composites based on carbon and glass fibers.The experimental static and fatigue tests have revealed many details in comparison with other composite materials. The information help creates a database that can serve as reference for other composites of the same family and vegetable fibers. Mechanisms of damage have been highlighted through mechanical tests (tensile monotonous charge-discharge …) associated with microscopic observations (Scanning Electron Microscope), and tools for damage detection based on emission acoustics. Thanks to this technique, we could improve the quality of the interface fiber / matrix which is a basic parameter for this study and for determining the behavior of composite.Micromechanical modeling has been integrated in this thesis, through the Mori-Tanaka model. The behavior of materials during damage has not been taken into account: only the elasticity has been studied. Using this model, we were able to trace the intrinsic properties of the constituents (the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the reinforcements: Hemp and Chenevotte)
Blivi, Adoté Sitou. "Effet de taille dans les polymères nano-renforcés : caractérisation multi-échelles et modélisation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2431/document.
Full textThe work presented in this paper aims to highlight and to understand the size effect of nano-reinforcements on nanocomposite properties With an experimental approach. Nanocomposites of PMMA and silica particles With different sizes (15nm, 25nm, 60nm, 150nm and 500nm) and volume fractions (20/0, 4 0/0 and 60/0) were manufactured. Multiscale analysis (MET and DRX-WAXS) have shown that the characteristic parameters of the microstructure of nanocomposites vary With the size of the nanoparticles. Indeed, the decrease in the size of nanoparticles at a given volume fraction implies a decrease of the intermolecular distance. This decrease has induced a densification of the matrix and a decrease of the matrix chain mobility. Mechanical tests (tensile, DMA) have shown that the young (E) and the conservation (E') moduli of the nanocomposites increase With the decrease in the size of the nanoparticles With a constant volume fraction. And the increase of E l is kept when temperature growing. An increase in glass transition (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) was also observed With the DSC, DMA and ATG tests. Experimental elastic properties of the nanocomposites were used to assess the relevance of size effect micromechanical models, particularly the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds With interface effects proposed by Brisard. The modeling has shown that to reproduce the experimental elastic moduli of nanocomposites, the elastic coefficients of the interface must be dependents on particle sizes. And the state of dispersion of particles must be taken into account
GUO, GUANG. "Etude micromecanique du comportement de structures composites a renforts discontinus." Paris, ENSAM, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENAM0003.
Full textBuet, Gautier Karine. "Analyse et simulation du comportement mecanique des renforts composites tisses." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2030.
Full textAlruhban, Ayham. "Contribution à l'analyse de la déformabilité de renforts tricotés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10103/document.
Full textDuring the manufacturing process of composite materials, such as «RTM» (Resin Transfer Moulding); resin is injected through the preformed reinforcement. The mastery of dry reinforcement layout in the mold is essential for defects control. Many studies cover wide areas related to this step for woven reinforcements, while few studies have focused on the deformability of knitted reinforcements at forming stage in spite of their significant extensibility and their potential as reinforcements of composite materials. The macroscopic behavior of the technical textiles is mainly due to their structural effect. In this research, the development and detailed design of knitted reinforcements in order to understand the specific parameters as textile structures are carried out. An experimental study of the uniaxial tensile mechanical behavior is conducted. The mechanical behavior of knitted structures in different orientations is analyzed by using contactless deformation measurements. In association with the characterization of in-plan behavior, forming tests of dry knitted reinforcements are performed on a special rig. Analysis of the results in terms of shortening, forming forces and local deformations shows the specificity of the deformability of these structures compared with woven reinforcements. To describe the formability of the knitted reinforcements, a correlation between the tensile and forming behavior is given
Elbouazzaoui, Othmane. "Caractérisation de la perméabilité transverse de nouveaux renforts multiaxiaux cousus pour composites structuraux." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSE0003.
Full textAmong the dry reinforcements used industrially, the multiaxial knitted NC2 yield the best mechanical properties owing to their enhanced homogeneity. Unfortunately, this homogeneity induces some problems for the resin to infiltrate the reinforcements, i. E. NC2 permeability is very low. In the present work, we focus mainly on transverse permeability of NC2 reinforcements in saturated regime, with few preliminary results in transient regime. With a dedicated apparatus, validated with repeatability measurements, the transverse permeability of three types of NC2 is characterized in saturated regime. Results exhibit systematically very low permeabilities, of the order of 10 -13m2, but above all a differential in permeability depending on the face receiving the fluid. This odd phenomenon appears to be reversible and reproducible, the permeability difference varying from 0. 17 to 0. 52 depending on the material tested. Studying the superficial geometry of the stitching hole can neither justify this phenomenon, nor explain the permeability changes between the material types tested. On the contrary, a 3D measurement of the complete stiching hole geometry may bring some hints regarding the permeability differential. In transient regime, a specific apparatus using optical fibres to detect the fluid flow front permits to confirm the permeability differential observed in saturated regime. These results ammow to verify that permeabilities decrease for increasing fibre volume fractions. Finally, permeabilities are around 8 times greater in transient regime. Complementary measures in saturated regime should focus on the effect of the fibre volume fraction on the permeability. As for the transient regime, measurements must be made more reproducible. As a complement, a more exhaustive morphological study should be carried out to bring some answers concerning the permeability differential
Sarr, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane. "Vers une auscultation par acousto-ultrasons des renforcements par composites collés de structures du génie civil." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0005.
Full textA Senate report from June 2019 estimates France’s ageing structures at more than 25,000 road bridges. One of the recommended solutions to prevent the collapse of these structures is their bonding reinforcement of composite materials. This technical solution allows us to increase their lifeservice by taking into account new acquired stresses (drastic increase in traffic and seismic risks). However, the reinforcing is effective only when the adhesively bonded joint is well executed and free of defects or damages. Thus, the use of this method is limited by a lack of knowledge of the real quality of adhesive joints on site. The objective of this thesis is to propose from a nondestructive technique, the acousto-ultrasonics, a methodology of detection and identification of all types of defects encountered in adhesively bonded assemblies.We studied the most common types of substrates used in civil engineering: steel and concrete. Through a mono-parametric analysis and a statistical principal components analysis (PCA), all the elaborated defects in compositesteel and composite-concrete assemblies were successfully detected. The identification of these defects was obtained using Machine Learning tools through the Random Forest classification algorithm. The factors that could influence this methodology were studiedbefore it was validated on specimens of a larger scale, closer to the on-site achievements. Finally, through a finite element simulation of signal propagation in a bonded assembly, we underline the perspectives that this technique can offer in building learning libraries for the application of Machin Learning techniques to the diagnosis and prognosis of the state of adhesively bonded joints
Aldebert, Grégory. "Analyse du comportement mécanique des assemblages boulonnés composites à renforts tissés." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0023.
Full textComposite structures are increasingly present in the aeronautical field. For some complex parts, woven composites appear to be more suitable because of their better draping properties. For aircraft manufacturing, structures are generally assembled by mechanical fasteners. So, studying bolted joints is an essential step for the design of aircraft structures. In this study, done in the ICA in collaboration with the industrial Aircelle, research on woven composites bolted joints (carbon-epoxy 5 harness G803/914) were conducted. The aim of the study was to get a better understanding of damage and failure mechanisms of composite fasteners. A series of tests were conducted (layers and interface) to identify the mechanical behavior of the studied materials. Three damageable material laws (layer scale) were used and identified from those tests to supply numerical models. The present work describes the bearing damage kinetics, analyzed from different specimens with increasing complexity. Some specimens were designed to achieve a pure bearing, highlighting the several kinetics damages of woven composites (kinetics were only studied on unidirectional composites in the literature). Non-linear finite element models (layer scale and yarn scale) were also developed. A series of tests conducted on "double-shear" and "single-shear" composite bolted joints showed the influence of geometrical and technological parameters on the failure mode. Several associated numerical models (based on the identified laws) were performed to test their ability to reproduce the tests, results are analyzed and discussed. Good results were obtained and propositions of experimental and numerical improvements are suggested
Li, Chen. "Simulation numérique de la fabrication de composites à renfort fibreux 3D par le procédé d'infusion." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30168.
Full textThe manufacture of composite aeronautical structural parts requires the use of more complex reinforcements, especially the 3D reinforcements. Resin infusion is the key process of Liquid Composites Molding (LCM) which will determine the quality and cost of the parts. The target of this thesis is to develop models at different scales of fibrous network of the reinforcement and to propose a finer numerical simulation of the infusion process. The influence of the 2D and 3D reinforcement structures on the infusion process will be studied at the different scales: micro (intra-tow), meso (inter-tows) and macro (reinforcement, part)
Courleux, Alice. "Physico-chimie des échanges matrice/renfort dans un matériau composite acier/TiC." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642978.
Full textCorbin, Anne-Clémence. "Développement et analyse multi-échelle de renforts en chanvre pour applications biocomposites." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I021.
Full textThis PhD thesis is a part of the European SSUCHY project (H2020-BBI) which aims to develop 100% bio-based composite materials, in terms of reinforcements and matrices. The objective of this thesis is the development and the multi-scale characterization of textile reinforcement made of flax fibers and hemp fibers. These reinforcements have to meet the requirements of the industrial applications of SSUCHY project. First of all, the work focuses on the development of yarns and rovings with sufficient properties for the manufacturing of the reinforcements by weaving technology. For these yarns and rovings, textile and mechanical properties are studied. At the scale of the fibers, properties are obtained by the “Impregnated Fiber Bundle Test” (IFBT) method. Reinforcements are produced by weaving technology with different types of yarns. The influence of production parameters is analyzed on textiles properties, on bending properties in dry state, on uniaxial tensile properties, on plan shear properties and on shape forming capability. These characterization steps allow to build technical data sheets and to choose the reinforcement whose production parameters enables to meet the requirements of the final composite part in the best possible way. Finally, composite plates are manufactured with some of the reinforcements developed, and characterized with tensile tests. Properties of these biocomposites materials are compared with those of biocomposites reinforce by natural fibers from literature or already available on the market
Minni, Jean-Christophe. "Stabilité dimensionnelle des circuits imprimés multicouches : influence du renfort." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0019.
Full textThe present development trend in electronics is the increase of functions that a integrated circuit can operate. To achieve this technological development, devices and manufacturing process should be improved. One major device is the multilayer board. To integrate new components, more complex multilayer printed circuit boards have to be designed and produced. Nevertheless, due to the lack of actual knowledge of material properties and manufacturing process, the right level of realibity could not be achieved. It means that defaults of connections between internal copper plies occur during the manufacturing. This present study proposes : to introduce some basis on printed circuit boards stability, to present a multiscale analytical modelling to prdict strains and stresses in printed circuit boards during processing, to associate modelling with realistic experimental parameters determination and statistical Monte Carlo simulation, to present an experimental approach to mesure strains during processing in printed circuit boards. The multiscale modelling takes into account the different levels of the printed circuit board structure. It goes from the impregnated yarn of the fabric unit cell of the composite ply to the printed circuit board level with in between the composite ply and the etched copper hybrid ply representative of the innerlayer. The present study permits to appreciate the importance of parameters involve in dimensional stability of printed circuit boards, to define which parameters need to be measured with accuracy and to predict displacements of printed circuit boards during processing. It contributes to the development of new reinforcements to be utilized in printed circuit boards as well as to the optimization of the process parameters
Bourgeois, Nadine. "Caractérisation et modélisation micromécanique du comportement et de l'endommagement d'un composte à matrice métallique Al/SiCp." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0353.
Full textLaveissière-Despetis, Florence. "Etude d'une matrice magnésie pour composite à renfort fibreux tridimensionnel." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20080.
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