Journal articles on the topic 'Renewable methane generation'
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Steinlechner, Christoph, and Henrik Junge. "Renewable Methane Generation from Carbon Dioxide and Sunlight." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 1 (November 24, 2017): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201709032.
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Lo Basso, Gianluigi, Lorenzo Mario Pastore, and Livio de Santoli. "Power-to-Methane to Integrate Renewable Generation in Urban Energy Districts." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 9150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239150.
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The deployment of distributed energy systems must take place paying attention to the self-consumption of renewable generation. Innovative sector coupling strategies can play that role linking local electricity and gas grids. The present work aims to evaluate the energy and economic feasibility of the Power-to-Methane strategy application in urban energy districts. A residential cluster was considered as a case study. Two PV configurations have been applied to evaluate the Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) production under different renewable excess conditions. Thereafter, the Power-to-Methane strategy was implemented by varying the system’s size. Some significant configurations have been compared to each other in terms of energy and economics. Beyond a certain threshold limit, an increase in the photovoltaic size slightly enhances the effectively self-consumed energy. The Power-to-Methane strategy can exploit all the renewable excess once the system is properly sized, almost doubling the potential energy consumption reduction compared to the PV system alone. The SNG production cost is between 100 and 200 EUR/MWh in most configurations, which is competitive with the high natural gas prices on the European market. Therefore, decentralised SNG production can reduce the households’ annual expenditures and it can mitigate the energy poverty conditions over the current energy crisis period.
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Vujic, Goran, Nebojsa Jovicic, Maja Petrovic-Djurovic, Dejan Ubavin, Branka Nakomcic, Gordana Jovicic, and Dusan Gordic. "Influence of ambience temperature and operational-constructive parameters on landfill gas generation: Case study Novi Sad." Thermal Science 14, no. 2 (2010): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1002555v.
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Researches in the area of landfill gas generation and energy utilization are currently underway and widespread in the world for several reasons: reducing effects of greenhouse gases, possibilities for utilizing alternative energy sources, reducing conventional energy resources exploitation, and environmental protection. First part of this research is conducted with an aim to establish the influence of meteorological parameters, primarily ambience temperature, on the methane generation processes at Novi Sad landfill. The second part of the research refers to functional characteristics of landfill such as the waste age, closing practice, and the age of certain parts of landfill body, as well as the waste depth and quantity of generated methane. Based on several years of investigation, it is concluded that methane generation varies in the range of 0-34 vol.% m3/m3, and that seasonal variations have significant influence on methane generation. At low temperatures, during winter, methane generation and migration is stagnant while in summer periods, due to higher temperatures, the process of methane generation is more intensive.
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Klimenko, V. M., and T. T. Suprun. "METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC RENEWABLE METHANE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 46, no. 3 (July 22, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2022.6.
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Methanation, or the generation of synthetic methane through the combination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, has been attracting more and more attention of researchers and energy scientists in recent years due to the fact that the development of an effective and economically feasible technology for the implementation of this process will allow solving a number of energy and environmental problems. First, it is the accumulation of excess renewable electricity from solar and wind power plants by using it in the creation of another energy-intensive product, namely synthetic natural gas, which removes the problem of coordinating unstable sources of electricity with energy networks. Secondly, methanation becomes another technology for enriching biogas and turning it into biomethane, which will allow it to be used through existing gas networks and contribute to solving the problem of natural gas shortage.
The development and improvement of methanation technologies are engaged in many organizations of the world - Germany, Denmark, France, the USA, Japan and others. Research is conducted in two main directions: catalytic methanation and biological methanation. In the first direction, methanation is carried out through the Sabatier reaction using catalysts. The problems of such methanation are: the development of catalysts with high activity, selectivity and resistance to the heat of reaction, the provision of optimal reaction modes, in particular temperature and pressure, through the use of various methods of reactor cooling, control of the reaction mechanism, the use of three-phase reactors, changing their structure, and so on. Biological methanation is carried out using of biological methanogens - so-called archaea, which act as a kind of catalyst. The methanation is carried out either directly in the biomass anaerobic digestion reactor (in-situ methanation) or in a separate reactor into which biogas and hydrogen are fed separately (ex-situ methanation). One of the main problems of in-situ methanation is the simultaneous provision of optimal conditions for both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. This problem is solved by ex-situ methanation, in which the optimal conditions for anaerobic digestion and methanation processes are provided separately. It is clear that optimal conditions are also provided for biomethanation of pure CO2 and H2, when the «broth» for archaea is created separately. A comparison of catalytic and biological methanation technologies shows that catalytic methanation provides higher energy efficiency and requires much smaller reactor sizes than biological methanation for the same methane yield. However, the latter has a higher resistance to harmful impurities than the catalytic one.
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Younas, T., M. Taha, S. F. Ehtesham, and M. F. Siddiqui. "Biogas Generation Using Kitchen Waste." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3scconf/20185101002.
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The previous years has been very crucial for the whole world so in Pakistan. This situation arise due to shocking increment in the rates of oil. In order to overcome this issue most of the countries are working for the development of technology using renewable resources. These resources include solar, wind and biomass. Biomass includes cow dung, kitchen waste, wood etc. The geographical location of Pakistan is a best suit for biomass energy operation. Among these biomasses this paper will be focusing on the kitchen waste which will result in around 60% of methane gas, 30% will include carbon dioxide, 8% nitrogen and rest 1 to 2 % of hydrogen sulphide. This paper will state the best possible option to perform anaerobic digestion process in order to generate excess amount of biogas at homes. It will also discuss procedure for the removal of toxic gases which exist in biogas and can be harmful for humans as well as it degrade biogas quality. In our research, the generation of biogas and methane is done from the sugary and starch-rich material and is determined at small scale using the elementary digesters.
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Younas, T., M. Taha, S. F. Ehtesham, and M. F. Siddiqui. "Biogas Generation Using Kitchen Waste." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185101002.
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The previous years has been very crucial for the whole world so in Pakistan. This situation arise due to shocking increment in the rates of oil. In order to overcome this issue most of the countries are working for the development of technology using renewable resources. These resources include solar, wind and biomass. Biomass includes cow dung, kitchen waste, wood etc. The geographical location of Pakistan is a best suit for biomass energy operation. Among these biomasses this paper will be focusing on the kitchen waste which will result in around 60% of methane gas, 30% will include carbon dioxide, 8% nitrogen and rest 1 to 2 % of hydrogen sulphide. This paper will state the best possible option to perform anaerobic digestion process in order to generate excess amount of biogas at homes. It will also discuss procedure for the removal of toxic gases which exist in biogas and can be harmful for humans as well as it degrade biogas quality. In our research, the generation of biogas and methane is done from the sugary and starch-rich material and is determined at small scale using the elementary digesters.
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Chagas Bezerra, Francisco Edmar, and Auzuir Ripardo De Alexandria. "Biomethane Generation Produced in Municipal Landfill." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss12.2644.
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Biogas emerged as a renewable technology that converts waste organic matter into energy. Among its components, in terms of energy, methane is the most important chemical composition, particularly for the combustion process in vehicle engines. The use of methane derived from organic matter residues in landfills to replace fossil fuel minimizes the environmental impact, providing a significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse effect gases,as does the use of the amount of urban waste generated by the population in a planned way, with a specific technological focus at the forefront of generating solutions for ecological, social, economic and management challenges, which are themes that characterize smart cities. Thus, this study is based on the investigation and analysis of the potential of biogas generated by the theMunicipal Landfill West of Caucaia (MLWC - AterroSanitário Municipal Oeste de Caucaia/CE (ASMOC))with the objective of estimating the amount of methane gas produced in the referred landfill, based on data already published related to the amount of solid waste disposed at the landfill and applying it in the Biogas - Energy Generation and Use Aterro(version 1.0) software, developed by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (ECSSP - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB)).As main outcomes, it was found that the landfill can generate, between the years 2018 to 2034, more than 3 million m³of CH4, capable of supplying more than 201,362 vehicles fuel.
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Banihabib, Reyhaneh, and Mohsen Assadi. "A Hydrogen-Fueled Micro Gas Turbine Unit for Carbon-Free Heat and Power Generation." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 13305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013305.
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The energy transition with transformation into predominantly renewable sources requires technology development to secure power production at all times, despite the intermittent nature of the renewables. Micro gas turbines (MGTs) are small heat and power generation units with fast startup and load-following capability and are thereby suitable backup for the future’s decentralized power generation systems. Due to MGTs’ fuel flexibility, a range of fuels from high-heat to low-heat content could be utilized, with different greenhouse gas generation. Developing micro gas turbines that can operate with carbon-free fuels will guarantee carbon-free power production with zero CO2 emission and will contribute to the alleviation of the global warming problem. In this paper, the redevelopment of a standard 100-kW micro gas turbine to run with methane/hydrogen blended fuel is presented. Enabling micro gas turbines to run with hydrogen blended fuels has been pursued by researchers for decades. The first micro gas turbine running with pure hydrogen was developed in Stavanger, Norway, and launched in May 2022. This was achieved through a collaboration between the University of Stavanger (UiS) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). This paper provides an overview of the project and reports the experimental results from the engine operating with methane/hydrogen blended fuel, with various hydrogen content up to 100%. During the development process, the MGT’s original combustor was replaced with an innovative design to deal with the challenges of burning hydrogen. The fuel train was replaced with a mixing unit, new fuel valves, and an additional controller that enables the required energy input to maintain the maximum power output, independent of the fuel blend specification. This paper presents the test rig setup and the preliminary results of the test campaign, which verifies the capability of the MGT unit to support intermittent renewable generation with minimum greenhouse gas production. Results from the MGT operating with blended methane/hydrogen fuel are provided in the paper. The hydrogen content varied from 50% to 100% (volume-based) and power outputs between 35kW to 100kW were tested. The modifications of the engine, mainly the new combustor, fuel train, valve settings, and controller, resulted in a stable operation of the MGT with NOx emissions below the allowed limits. Running the engine with pure hydrogen at full load has resulted in less than 25 ppm of NOx emissions, with zero carbon-based greenhouse gas production.
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Taghinazhad, Jabraeil, Reza Abdi, and Mehrdad Adl. "Kinetic and Enhancement of Biogas Production For The Purpose of Renewable Fuel Generation by Co-digestion of Cow Manure and Corn Straw in A Pilot Scale CSTR System." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.37-44.
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Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure (CM) and corn straw residue (CSR) were experimentally investigated using a completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under semi- continuously feeding circumstance at mesophilic (35°C±2) temperature. The pilot-scale digester with 180 L in volume was employed under experimental protocol to examine the effect of the change in organic loading rate on efficiency of biogas production and to report on its steady-state performance. An average organic loading rates of 2 and 3 kg VS. (m-3.d-1) and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 25 days was examined with respect to two different CM to CSR mixing ratios of 100:0 , 75:25 and 50:50, respectively. The results showed both organic loading rates at co-digestion of CM+ CSR gave better methane yields than single digestion of cow manure. The biogas production efficiency was obtained 0.242, 0.204, 0.311 0.296, 259.5 and 235 m3.(kg VS input)-1 for 2 and 3 kg VS.(m-3.d-1) at CM to CSR mixing ratios of100:0 , 75:25 and 50:50, respectively. The reactor showed stable performance with VS reduction between 55-74% during different runs. With increment of loading rate, the VS degradation and biogas yield decreased. Modified Gompertz and logistic plot equation was employed to model the methane production at different organic loading rates and substrate concentrations. The equations gave a good approximation of the maximum methane production (rm) and the methane yield potential (P) with correlation coefficient (R2) over 0.99.Article History: Received Oct 25th 2016; Received in revised form Dec 19th 2016; Accepted 2nd January 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Taghinazhad. J., Abdi, R. and Adl, M. (2017). Kinetic and Enhancement of Biogas Production for the purpose of renewable fuel generation by Co-digestion of Cow Manure and Corn Straw in a Pilot Scale CSTR System. Int Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1),37-44http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ ijred.6.1.37-44
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Abdullah, Taufik, Nur Rosman Hidayat, and Hijriati Sholehah. "The Potential of Methane Gas as an Alternative Energy Source in Kebon Kongok Landfill." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i3.334-343.
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Waste management in West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government focuses on two main things, namely the reduction and handling and providing of TPA which is still operated with an open dumping system. Application of an open system in TPA will cause many problems, including air pollution by methane gas and the greenhouse effect. This study aims to determine the potential methane gas content of the Kebon Kongok landfill as an alternative energy source by modelling using LandGEM. The data in this study consisted of the year of the TPA operation plan and the annual data on the waste generation of TPA. The results showed that the potential content of methane gas was 12,999,633.62 m3/year, or equivalent to 14,520.88 MWh/year, in the form of gas as much as 9,966.38 Megagrams of LPG/ year. Therefore, the Kebon Kongok TPA has the potential to be used as a power plant fuelled by methane gas and facilitates electricity connections for the surrounding community because when compared to other existing renewable energy plants in the Lombok Electricity System, the capacity of 1.66 Megawatts was already equivalent to the power generation capacity which are already operating commercially.
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Schiro, Fabio, Anna Stoppato, and Alberto Benato. "Potentialities of hydrogen enriched natural gas for residential heating decarbonization and impact analysis on premixed boilers." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600072.
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Nowadays, decarbonization of energy economy is a topical theme and several pathways are under discussion. Gaseous fuels will play a primary role during this transition, and the production of renewable or low carbon-impact gaseous fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge. Decarbonization will be sustained by an increasing share of renewables, which production intermittency can be critical for the energy system. Renewable hydrogen generation is a viable solution since this energy vector can be produced from electricity with a fast response and injected in the existing natural gas infrastructures, granting storage capacity and easy transport. Parallelly to the renewable-based energy production, fossil-based energy can be exploited with a low carbon impact, using methane from reservoirs to produce hydrogen capturing CO2. The mentioned scenarios will lead to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas, which impact on the infrastructures is being actively studied. The effect on end-user devices, instead, is poorly analysed, but is fundamental to be assessed. This paper highlights the impact on the widely used premixed condensing boilers, which will be fired with hydrogen enriched natural gas in the near future, and the changes required to components.
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Souza, Tatiane Leticia De Carvalho, André Luiz Marques Rocha, and Daniel Brianezi. "Energy potential and economic feasibility of biogas: case study of a landfill in Minas Gerais, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais 56, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478935.
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The final disposal of solid waste in landfills may result in the production of a clean and renewable energy through the exploitation of biogas generated in these locations. This study aims to estimate the methane production in a landfill, with a total population of 237,298 inhabitants, and a total generation of waste of 83,561.78 ton/year, in the last year of operation, located in the state of Minas Gerais and evaluate the economic feasibility of a biogas exploitation project in this place, for electrical energy generation. The methane production was estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology, obtaining the maximum methane production value of 6,692,590 mÑ in the last year of operation of the landfill. For economic feasibility analysis, the tools, such as net present value, discounted payback, and internal rate of return, were used with values of R$ 1,323,684.90 for 8 years, 4 months, and 12 days, and 9% per annum, respectively, demonstrating that the implementation of the project for the use of biogas at the landfill was viable, with positive economic return.
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Oosterkamp, Willem J. "Use of Agricultural Residues in Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Production." Current Alternative Energy 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405463103666190620142847.
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: There are large amounts of manure and crop residues that could be used for the generation of renewable energy. Anaerobic Digestion [AD] converts the easily degraded part of these materials into bio-methane and other gases. Bio-methane can be used for the generation of heat and electricity. Only combinations of manure slurries and crop residues are economic substrates for AD. Crop residues are lignocellulosic materials that need to be macerated for efficient conversion into biogas. : Methane yields for different straw lengths and energy requirements for maceration were compiled. The need for sufficient bioavailable micronutrients was established and methane yields for combinations of manure slurries and straw are given. Harvesting methods for crop residues are discussed and a model is developed for the effective organic matter in the effluent of the AD plant. : AD of straw and manures is, with the present subsidies, economic only where AD is done in cooperatives with the members delivering straw and manure and taking back the effluent. : The large scale of AD of manures and crop residues requires reductions in the costs of harvesting transport and storage of crop residues and a solution to the phosphate surplus in the regions with a large concentration of animals.
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Peña Contreras, Karla, Juan Sánchez Yáñez, Quetzalli Aguilar-Virgen, Paul Taboada-González, and Liliana Marquez-Benavides. "Potential for Methane Generation by Lignocellulosic Household Waste." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103461.
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The contribution of domestic lignocellulosic waste and its potential for biodegradation by components, for each category of paper and cardboard, have scarcely been reported. To achieve integral proposals, for managing this type of waste, is essential to know each individual contribution to the “paper and cardboard” category. The objective of this study was to characterize the paper and cardboard waste from the domestic solid waste stream, in the city of Morelia, Mexico, and estimate its methane generation potential (CH4). The generation of lignocellulosic waste was studied in a housing complex of social interest. The domestic lignocellulosic residues (DLW) that were chemically characterized were derived from paper and cardboard. The average daily generation was 0.5 kg/inhabitant. The highest content of lignin was found in newspaper (24.5%), and toilet paper was the material with the lowest lignin content (1%). The bond paper had a DLW of higher YCH4, when degraded anaerobically, in a semi-solid phase and a mesophilic regime. The variety of paper and cardboard, such as DLW, presented differences in their generation (kg/person), chemical composition (lignin content), and their potential for anaerobic biodegradability.
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Volschan, Isaac, and Magali Christe Cammarota. "Part B: Sludge sewage pre-treatment and codigestion Technical Note 1 – Interest topics." Cadernos Técnicos Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental 2, no. 2 (2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/276455760202001.
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The current trend about the purpose of sewage treatment incorporates concepts of circular economy and sustainability, including the efficient use of energy and inputs and the recovery of intermediate and final resources generated in the liquid, solid and gaseous treatment phases. The anaerobic digestion of sludge comprises a viable technology for the decentralized production of renewable energy, based on the generation of methane-rich biogas and for the production of biosolids. This Technical Note (TN) aims to introduce the initial discussion about pre-treatment and codigestion technology of sludge, based on the use of thermal, physical / mechanical, chemical and biological processes. In general, aiming at greater productivity of biogas and methane generation, all techniques involve the induction of the initial stage of complexes organic compounds hydrolysis, in order to promote the release of soluble compounds that are more easily processed and degraded in the subsequent phases of acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis.
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Valente, A., D. Iribarren, J. Dufour, and G. Spazzafumo. "LIFE-CYCLE PERFORMANCE OF HYDROGEN AS AN ENERGY MANAGEMENT SOLUTION IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS: A CASE STUDY IN CENTRAL ITALY." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 31-36 (January 6, 2019): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.31-36.035-051.
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The suitability of hydrogen as an energy management solution in a run-of-river hydropower plant inCentral Italyis evaluated from a life-cycle perspective. Hydrogen production at off-peak hours via electrolysis is considered, as well as potential hydrogen storage in metal hydrides followed by hydrogen use at peak hours for power generation using fuel cell technology. Hydropower generation and hydrogen production are identified as the subsystems contributing most to the nine evaluated impact categories (e.g., global warming, abiotic depletion and cumulative energy demand). The renewable hydrogen produced shows a more favourable life-cycle environmental and energy performance than conventional hydrogen generated via steam methane reforming. Furthermore, when enlarging the system with hydrogen use for power generation, the renewable electricity product shows a better life-cycle profile than conventional electricity for the Italian electrical grid. Overall, under life-cycle aspects, hydrogen is found to be a suitable energy solution in hydropower plants both as a hydrogen product itself (e.g., for transportation) and as a feedstock for subsequent power generation at peak hours.
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Ali, Asim, Hareef Ahmed Keerio, Sallahuddin Panhwar, and Muhammad Zeshan Ahad. "Experimental Investigation of Methane Generation in the Presence of Surface and Un-Surface Nanoparticles of Iron Oxide." AgriEngineering 4, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering4010009.
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The exploitation and harnessing of renewable energies are becoming increasingly important throughout the world. This study presents a method of methane (CH4) generation using biological disintegration of food waste (FW) by anaerobic digestion (AD). The CH4 production was enhanced by the addition of three different types of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) (Cetyletrimethlebromide (CTAB), urea-capped Fe3O4 NPs and Fe3O4 NPs without capping). The bio generation of CH4 and biodegradation of volatile solids (VS) were carried out in an AD treatment at mesophilic conditions (35–37 °C) for more than 50 days in batch mode. The concentration of all three types of NPs was kept constant at 75 mg/L. It was noticed that urea-capped NPs produced the maximum CH4 (5.386 L), followed by Fe3O4 NPs (5.212 L). Methane production in the control bioreactor was 2.143 L. The experimental results of CH4 generation (a dependent variable) were analyzed against the concentrations of NPs used (as independent variables) in multiple regression analysis (MRA). The overall model for the experiments resulted in R2 and R-adjusted values of 0.995 and 0.993, respectively.
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Günther, Matthias, and Michael Eichinger. "Cost optimization for the 100% renewable electricity scenario for the Java-Bali grid." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.269-276.
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A 100% renewable electricity supply is no insurmountable technical problem anymore after the respective technologies to harvest the energy from multiple renewable energy sources have been developed and have reached a high level of maturity. A problem may rather be suspected to reside on the economic side of an exclusively renewable electricity supply. The present study examines the economic implications of a renewable energy scenario for the Java-Bali grid. Based on given energy supply scenarios, the costs of an electricity supply from renewable energy sources alone are determined. Economic optimum configurations are determined for which the annual system costs and accordingly the power generation costs are minimized. First the system running costs are considered, i.e. the operation and maintenance costs as well as the costs of the continuous renovation of system components, while capital costs are not taken into account. After this the capital costs are taken into consideration, and total system costs and power generation costs are determined. The main result is a specification of economic optimum system configurations. One important result is that a future electricity supply from renewable resources alone is not more expensive than the current power generation in developed countries. Another result is that the integration of special long-term storage into the Java-Bali grid, like for instance methane storages, besides pumped storages and batteries, is not economically favourable if further moderate battery cost reductions are reached.Article History: Received May 18th 2018; Received in revised form August 16th 2018; Accepted October 1st 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Günther, M., Eichinger, M., (2018) Cost Optimization for the 100% Renewable Electricity Scenario for the Java-Bali Grid, International Journal of Renewable Energi Development, 7(3), 269-276.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.269-276
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Zhao, Te, Chusheng Chen, and Hong Ye. "CFD Simulation of Hydrogen Generation and Methane Combustion Inside a Water Splitting Membrane Reactor." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 7175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217175.
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Hydrogen production from water splitting remains difficult due to the low equilibrium constant (e.g., Kp ≈ 2 × 10−8 at 900 °C). The coupling of methane combustion with water splitting in an oxygen transport membrane reactor can shift the water splitting equilibrium toward dissociation by instantaneously removing O2 from the product, enabling the continuous process of water splitting and continuous generation of hydrogen, and the heat required for water splitting can be largely compensated for by methane combustion. In this work, a CFD simulation model for the coupled membrane reactor was developed and validated. The effects of the sweep gas flow rate, methane content and inlet temperature on the reactor performance were investigated. It was found that coupling of methane combustion with water splitting could significantly improve the hydrogen generation capacity of the membrane reactor. Under certain conditions, the average hydrogen yield with methane combustion could increase threefold compared to methods that used no coupling of combustion. The methane conversion decreases while the hydrogen yield increases with the increase in sweep gas flow rate or methane content. Excessive methane is required to ensure the hydrogen yield of the reactor. Increasing the inlet temperature can increase the membrane temperature, methane conversion, oxygen permeation rate and hydrogen yield.
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Mihajlovic, Emina, Lidija Milosevic, Jasmina Radosavljevic, Amelija Djordjevic, and Ivan Krstic. "Fire prediction for a non-sanitary landfill “Bubanj” in Serbia." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160105129m.
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This paper reviews the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill near the City of Nis, Serbia, which has been used for 47 years and which is categorized as a non-sanitary landfill. We utilised the LandGEM 3.02 model, used for estimating landfill gas emission rates, to calculate the amount of landfill gases. Additionally, we measured the amount and composition of landfill gas in section S4 of the landfill from July 2014 to June 2015. We utilised the ALOHA software to estimate the fire-vulnerable zone. The results of our analysis show that the measured average methane emission is higher than the calculated emission. The difference between the measured average emission and calculated emission of methane is logical, as the measurements were performed in an active section, where methane emission higher than in inactive sections is to be expected. Based on the measured methane emissions during one year, we conclude that the methane emission drops as the ambient temperature drops. This paper showcases the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill, which is highly unsatisfactory in terms of environmental and fire protection because of landfill gas generation.
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Płuciennik-Koropczuk, Ewelina, Sylwia Myszograj, and Mirosław Mąkowski. "Reducing CO2 Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants by Utilising Renewable Energy Sources—Case Study." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 8446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228446.
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The European Parliament’s climate and energy policy, which aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 considerably, imposes on Member States the duty to develop National Action Plans (NAPs), which determine the percentage of renewable energy sources (RES) in gross energy consumption. Poland assumed a percentage of renewable energy sources in gross energy consumption of 21–23% in the NREAP. In 2020, Poland’s utilisation of renewable energy sources was 16.2% (22nd among EU nations), which was lower than the European average. The municipal sector, particularly sewage treatment facilities, can undoubtedly contribute to an increase in renewable energy generation and utilisation. Wastewater and sewage sludge are excellent sources of heat and energy in the methane fermentation process, and the sewage treatment plant area is perfect for solar panel installation. The article is a case study that presents the possibility of decreasing CO2 emissions from wastewater treatment facilities by 45,000 PE due to using renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics and cogeneration. The average monthly CO2 emission reduced from 68,905 kg CO2/ month to 37,385 kg CO2/month with the adoption of renewable energy sources.
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Boskovic, Goran, Mladen Josijevic, Nebojsa Jovicic, and Milun Babic. "Co-generation potentials of municipal solid waste landfills in Serbia." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150626063b.
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Waste management in the Republic of Serbia is based on landfilling. As a result of such year-long practice, a huge number of municipal waste landfills has been created where landfill gas has been generated. Landfill gas, which is essentially methane (50-55%) and carbon dioxide (40-45%) (both GHGs), has a great environmental impact which can be reduced by using landfill gas in cogeneration plants to produce energy. The aim of this paper is to determine economic and environmental benefits from such energy production. For that purpose, the database of cogeneration potentials (CP) of 51 landfills in the Republic of Serbia (RS) was created. Amount of landfill gas generated at each municipal landfill was calculated by applying a first order decay equation which requires the data about solid waste production and composition and about some landfill characteristics. For all landfills, which have over 100,000 m3 each, a techno-economic analysis about building a CHP plant was conducted. The results have shown, that the total investment in 14 CHP plants with payback period of less than 7 years amounts ? 11,721,288. The total nominal power of these plants is 7 MW of electrical power and 7.9 MW of thermal power, and an average payback period is about 61 months. In addition, using landfill biogas as energy source in proposed plants would reduce methane emission for 161,000 tons of CO2 equivalent per year.
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Cheng Seong, Khor, and Lalchand Gulabrai. "Electricity Generation Options for a Future Low Carbon Energy Mix for Malaysia." ASM Science Journal 12 (August 16, 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2019.289.
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Malaysia’s electricity generation mix is mainly based on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas and coal with a smaller share of large hydroelectric and non-hydroelectric renewable energy resources. The present work aims to analyse and assess the ongoing search for alternatives to fossil fuel for electricity generation that the country has been pursuing both environmental preservation and national energy security considerations, thereby suggesting the way forward including potential options to be deliberated. This paper surveys alternative, both practical and theoretical that can be considered technically and economically attractive for Malaysia over the period to 2050. The overall national energy supply and demand situation are first analysed to develop projections that account for the role of renewable energy, particularly that of solar photovoltaic (PV). Next, the paper discusses the progress achieved, and the current status of the national solar PV industry presents the advantages or benefits offered and outlines the remaining challenges. In the same manner, electricity generation from the biogas produced from methane recovery in treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) is assessed. In the final analysis, the paper considers other potential low carbon power generation options to make up the Malaysian energy mix, which include small hydroelectricity, municipal solid waste decomposition in suitably-engineered landfills, nuclear energy using thorium-based technology, and renewable marine energy particularly ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), in tandem with savings expected from energy efficiency and conservation (EE&C) initiatives.
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Santos, Liliana Andréa dos, Rebeca Beltrão Valença, Leandro César Santos da Silva, Sávio Henrique de Barros Holanda, Anderson Felipe Viana da Silva, José Fernando Thomé Jucá, and André Felipe Melo Sales Santos. "Methane generation potential through anaerobic digestion of fruit waste." Journal of Cleaner Production 256 (May 2020): 120389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120389.
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Ziaka, Zoe, and Savvas Vasileiadis. "Pretreated Landfill Gas Conversion Process via a Catalytic Membrane Reactor for Renewable Combined Fuel Cell-Power Generation." Journal of Renewable Energy 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/209364.
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A new landfill gas-based reforming catalytic processing system for the conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons, such as incoming methane to hydrogen and carbon oxide mixtures, is described and analyzed. The exit synthesis gas (syn-gas) is fed to power effectively high-temperature fuel cells such as SOFC types for combined efficient electricity generation. The current research work is also referred on the description and design aspects of permreactors (permeable reformers) carrying the same type of landfill gas-reforming reactions. Membrane reactors is a new technology that can be applied efficiently in such systems. Membrane reactors seem to perform better than the nonmembrane traditional reactors. The aim of this research includes turnkey system and process development for the landfill-based power generation and fuel cell industries. Also, a discussion of the efficient utilization of landfill and waste type resources for combined green-type/renewable power generation with increased processing capacity and efficiency via fuel cell systems is taking place. Moreover, pollution reduction is an additional design consideration in the current catalytic processors fuel cell cycles.
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Kaur, Charanjit, Pooja Gupta, S. S. Sisodia, Trapti Sharma, and R. C. Gaur. "Futuristic Approach of Utilisation of Hydropower in India." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 9 (June 24, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i9.104.
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Hydro power is a renewable source of energy used in most parts of the world. India is very rich in hydropower potential. It is the only clean and renewable source today making significance in the world of power production. With the rising economic growth and income level India is bound to have higher demand for electricity supply. India presently has an installed power generation capacity of 284,303MW (2015) inclusive of Hydropower which is 42,623MW(2015) .The situation is highlighted by the peak power deficit—shortfall in supply of power when the demand is maximum—was 5.2% in year 2013-14.With the fast depleting natural resources, it becomes mandatory that we increase the use of Renewable Resources for Power generation .When Thermal power in 2007 was 64% of the total generation and Hydro power was 26% and in 2015 instead of the thermal graph falling and Hydro power rising we see a different picture . In 2015 thermal has grown to 70% and hydro has fallen to 15%.Hydropower is such a good source for power why do we see the graph falling every year?? The amount of land submergence required for large Dams is the biggest concern where the Forest Act and the Environment Act also offer rigidity towards the same. Relative to so much submergence arises another major problem of Rehabilitation and Resettlement .Climatic changes and other negative effects of fossil fuel for power generation are growing concerns and therefore driving the expansion of hydropower around the world. The Reservoir based hydropower projects have also come under criticism due to carbon dioxide and methane emissions beyond acceptable limits. Ecological and many more issues that are preventing Hydro power as becoming the major source of electricity generation. In this paper we will review the major issues faced due to large hydropower plants and why they are not termed as Renewable sources.
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Crotogino, Fritz, Gregor-Sönke Schneider, and David J. Evans. "Renewable energy storage in geological formations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 1 (September 13, 2017): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917731181.
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With the transition to renewable energies and, above all, strongly fluctuating electricity from wind and solar energy, there will be a need for energy storage in the future. For central grid-scale storages, underground geological storage, similar to those already used for fossil fuels, is in the first place under review. Compressed Air Energy Storages have already been successfully used to provide minutes to hours reserve. For storage capacities in the day to week range, storage is required on a chemical rather than a mechanical basis, through either the conversion of electricity into pure hydrogen (H2) or the generation of mixtures of natural gas and synthetic methane. The latter – the so-called power-to-gas option – allows the use of the existing gas infrastructure. A likely first choice for the storage of H2 or H2-SNG mixtures are man-made salt caverns. The suitability of porous rock storage (depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs or water-bearing reservoirs – aquifers) is still under investigation. Interest in porous rock storage options arises, inter alia, from the fact that many regions of Europe lack suitable salt deposits. Favorable salt deposits exist in the UK, notably in the Cheshire Basin to the west and in eastern England, with six salt cavern-hosted facilities operated as natural gas storages. In any case, underground gas storages are characterized by high safety and low environmental impact.
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Obey Gotore, Vadzanayi Mushayi, and Sawitree Tipnee. "Evaluation of cattail characteristics as an invasive wetland plant and biomass usage management for biogas generation." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 3, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i2.245167.
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The fossil fuel-based linear economy has many severe drawbacks, including the need for energy security and the resulting environmental degradation. In a new cycle of the bio-economy that is becoming increasingly important, biomass waste has been used to generate energy while reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The growth of renewable energy will be substantial in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve the ambitious goal of becoming carbon neutral by the mid-century. It appears that using anaerobic digestion technology to produce methane-rich biogas from biomass has a great deal of potential in this scenario. The cattail fresh and dry biomass substrate with pig wastes as inoculum was tested for biogas production. Cattail's highly complex lignocellulosic structures make it challenging to decompose as a biogas substrate. Alkaline pretreatment is one of the efficient tools in solubilizing lignin. As a result, chemical pretreatment of biomass (2 % sodium hydroxide) was a unique method for increasing biogas generation by reducing complex polymers of lignocellulosic materials into simpler molecules that microorganisms could digest. The fresh and dry biomass substrate added fermenter was produced with 57% and 60% methane, respectively.
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Ratho, Bhuvnesh. "Biomass Extraction of Energy Transformation." Journal of Advanced Research in Power Electronics and Power Systems 07, no. 1&2 (May 13, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.1401.202001.
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The focus of this is to make available clean energy, where there is a need for electricity production or energy infrastructure. An anaerobic digester contains an oxygen free environment that allows microorganisms to break down the organic material to harvest biogas (methane). Once the biogas is formed it can be used for different applications to aid the developing world. There are already millions of biogas plants in operation throughout the world. In Germany and other industrialized countries, power generation is the main purpose of biogas plants; conversion of biogas to electricity has become a standard technology. Biomass can become a reliable and renewable local energy source to replace conventional fossil fuels in local industries and to reduce reliance on overloaded electricity grids. The concept presented is to use manure from farms to produce methane gas using anaerobic digestion.
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Sohoo, Ihsanullah, Marco Ritzkowski, Zubair Ahmed Sohu, Senem Önen Cinar, Zhi Kai Chong, and Kerstin Kuchta. "Estimation of Methane Production and Electrical Energy Generation from Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Pakistan." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092444.
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This work aimed to estimate the annual methane production from the municipal solid waste disposal sites in Pakistan. In this study, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default methodology was used to estimate theoretical methane formation potential of the waste disposal sites in major cities of Pakistan. The estimates of this study are based on the last population census conducted in the year 2017 and latest available data regarding the waste generation and management practices in the cities considered in the study. Results showed that 31.18 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated annually. The top 10 major populated cities in Pakistan (with 20% share in country’s population) contributing 31% share in the total quantity of MSW generated in overall country. On average 50–60% of the MSW generated is collected and openly dumped at the designated waste disposal sites. After analyzing the data, we estimate that annually 12.8 MtCO2-eq of methane is emitted from the waste disposal sites in major cities considered in this study. The methane produced from the waste disposal sites can be sustainably utilized as a source of energy through transforming MSW disposal sites (open dumps) to sanitary landfills with methane capturing and utilization facilities. In the present scenario of waste management and methane formation potential, sanitary landfills would generate 62.35 MWh of electric power if 25% of the methane was recovered and utilized in power generation.
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Jiang, Qiongqiong, Yunfei Gao, Vasudev Pralhad Haribal, He Qi, Xingbo Liu, Hui Hong, Hongguang Jin, and Fanxing Li. "Mixed conductive composites for ‘Low-Temperature’ thermo-chemical CO2 splitting and syngas generation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 26 (2020): 13173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta03232h.
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Islam, K. M. Nazmul. "Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Generation in Bangladesh: Possible Scenarios to Generate Renewable Electricity in Dhaka and Chittagong City." Journal of Renewable Energy 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1712370.
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Increased generation of methane (CH4) from municipal solid wastes (MSW) alarms the world to take proper initiative for the sustainable management of MSW, because it is 34 times stronger than carbon dioxide (CO2). Mounting land scarcity issue around the world brands the waste to energy (WtE) strategy for MSW management in urban areas as a promising option, because WtE not only reduces the land pressure problem, but also generates electricity, heat, and green jobs. The goal of this study is to evaluate the renewable electricity generation potential and associated carbon reduction of MSW management in Bangladesh using WtE strategies. The study is conducted in two major cities of Bangladesh: Dhaka and Chittagong. Six different WtE scenarios are evaluated consisting of mixed MSW incineration and landfill gas (LFG) recovery system. Energy potential of different WtE strategy is assessed using standard energy conversion model and subsequent GHGs emissions models. Scenario A1results in highest economic and energy potential and net negative GHGs emission. Sensitivity analysis by varying MSW moisture content reveals higher energy potential and less GHGs emissions from MSW possessing low moisture content. The study proposes mixed MSW incineration that could be a potential WtE strategy for renewable electricity generation in Bangladesh.
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Kassongo, Josue, Esmaeil Shahsavari, and Andrew S. Ball. "Dynamic Effect of Operational Regulation on the Mesophilic BioMethanation of Grape Marc." Molecules 26, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 6692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216692.
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Wine production annually generates an estimated 11 million metric tonnes of grape marc (GM) worldwide. The diversion of this organic waste away from landfill and towards its use in the generation of renewable energy has been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of operational parameters relating to the treatment regime and inoculum source in the extraction of methane from GM under unmixed anaerobic conditions at 35 °C. The study entailed the recirculation of a previously acclimated sludge (120 days) as downstream inoculum, an increased loading volume (1.3 kg) and a low substrate-to-inoculum ratio (10:3 SIR). The results showed that an incorporation of accessible operational controls can effectively enhance cumulative methane yield (0.145 m3 CH4 kg−1 VS), corresponding to higher amounts of digestible organics converted. The calculated average volumetric methane productivity equalled 0.8802 L CH4 LWork−1 d−1 over 33.6 days whilst moderate pollutant removal (43.50% COD removal efficiency) was achieved. Molecular analyses identified Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla as core organisms for hydrolytic and fermentative stages in trophic relationships with terminal electron acceptors from the methane-producing Methanosarcina genus. Economic projections established that the cost-effective operational enhancements were sustainable for valorisation from grape marc by existing wineries and distilleries.
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Bisaglia, Carlo, Massimo Brambilla, Maurizio Cutini, Stefano Fiorati, and Mark Howell. "Methane/Gasoline Bi-fuel Engines as a Power Source for Standard Agriculture Tractors: Development and Testing Activities." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 2 (2018): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12262.
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Abstract. Promoting energy efficiency in agriculture means supporting economic growth by reducing both pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while minimizing waste and the inefficient use of natural resources. Biomethane presents an interesting option given its possibility to be produced from livestock waste or other organic residues, with GHG emission savings ranging from 84% to 86% (wet or dry manure). Moreover, experiences with methane-fueled engines are widely available, thus leading to considering the possibility of using such a fuel in the agricultural sector as well. The aim of this research was to develop a first-generation tractor prototype provided with a commercially available bi-fuel engine adapted for the purpose and tested both in laboratory and field conditions. The main design aspects are depicted while the performance results show similar values of engine power and torque (87 kW maximum power for the diesel fuel tractor and 88 kW for the methane-fueled version; 1172 Nm maximum torque at 550 min-1 for the methane and 1155 Nm at 400 min-1 for the diesel tractor) with an autonomy of the methane prototype which is, at present, 40% of a comparable standard tractor. The possible role in farm fleet is also presented. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, CNG, Gaseous bio-fuels, Renewable fuels.
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Hashimoto, K., N. Kumagai, K. Izumiya, H. Takano, P. R. Zabinski, A. A. El-Moneim, M. Yamasaki, Z. Kato, E. Akiyama, and H. Habazaki. "The Use of Renewable Energy in the Form of Methane Via Electrolytic Hydrogen Generation / Zastosowanie Odnawialnej Energii W Formie Metanu Na Drodze Elektrolitycznej Produkcji Wodoru." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0179-0.
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Extrapolation of world energy consumption from 1990 to 2010 indicates the complete exhaustion of world reserves of oil, natural gas, uranium and coal by 2040, 2043, 2046 and 2053, respectively. For the survival of all people in the whole world, intermittent and fluctuating electricity generated from renewable energy should be supplied in the form of usable fuel to all people in the whole world. We have been working on research and development of global carbon dioxide recycling for the use of renewable energy in the form of methane via electrolytic hydrogen generation using carbon dioxide as the feedstock. We created energy-saving cathodes for hydrogen production, anodes for oxygen evolution without chlorine formation in seawater electrolysis, and catalysts for methanation of carbon dioxide and built pilot plants of industrial scale. Recent advances in materials are described. Industrial applications are in progress.
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Cabrera, S., and A. Guevara. "Landfill Gas Generation and Utilisation (Case study: Chasinato Landfill. Ambato, Ecuador)." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.290.
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The landfill is a final disposal technique to confine solid waste, it has big potency as renewable energy source since it generates biogas from organic waste degradation process which can be used for cogeneration plants. The purposes are to quantify the gas production potential of landfilled refuse and to suggest alternatives to use energy from Landfill gas generated. In 2020, the volume of solid waste disposed to Chasinato Landfill reached 250.61 tons per day, with 41.03% of organic waste. Landfill gas (LFG) generated was evaluated using LandGEM and Ecuador LFG model, which was modified applying methane rates obtained with on site experimental measures. It was projected to obtain 365.40 cubic meters per hour in 2021, and 522.33 cubic meters per hour in 2029. The available power from recovered LFG reach: 820 kW in 2021 and 1,180 kW in 2029. Finally, the biogas generated reduces the impact related to global warming and would contribute cogeneration in low scale with electric energy and useful heat.
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Campbell, Terra N., Marty B. Rhoades, David B. Parker, and Brock C. Blaser. "Biogas Production with Beef Cattle Manure and Wastewater from Hydraulic Fracturing." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 1 (2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14685.
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HighlightsHydraulic fracking wastewater is evaluated as a possible alternative to freshwater in combination with beef cattle manure for bio-methane generation by anaerobic digestion (AD).Optimum conditions for AD with fracking wastewater remain unknown, but differ from AD with freshwater.Contrary to AD with freshwater, biogas production with fracking wastewater increased with lower MC.Abstract. Wastewater from hydraulic fracturing (HF) and manure from beef cattle production are two of the largest waste streams in the Texas Panhandle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of generating biogas, a renewable natural gas, from the combination of HF wastewater and beef manure through anaerobic digestion (AD) at varying moisture contents. In a laboratory study, substrate combinations of manure mixed with produced and flowback water (PFW), well water (WW), and a 50/50 mixture of PFW and WW were evaluated at four moisture contents (MC; 65%, 70%, 80%, and 90%). Beef manure was harvested from the West Texas A&M University research feedlot. The PFW was collected from a HF operation in the Texas Panhandle. The combinations of manure and WW at 90% MC yielded the greatest amount of biogas and methane (CH4). The greatest amount of biogas and CH4 with the combination of manure and PFW was produced at 65% MC. This combination produced 57% less biogas than the optimum CH4-producing WW treatment. Diluting PFW with WW produced amounts of CH4 comparable to WW at 80% MC. While there is potential to generate biogas and methane with PFW and manure, more research is needed to isolate the CH4-inhibiting constituents in PFW. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Manure, Methane, Produced and flowback water.
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Oh, Jeong-Ik, Jechan Lee, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Eilhann E. Kwon, and Yiu Fai Tsang. "Biogas production from food waste via anaerobic digestion with wood chips." Energy & Environment 29, no. 8 (June 11, 2018): 1365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18777234.
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In many countries, the uncontrolled generation of large amounts of food waste has resulted in severe environmental issues. Among various treatment methods that have been proposed, anaerobic digestion to produce biogas from food waste is a proven and environmentally friendly route for simultaneous food waste treatment and energy recovery. In this study, we suggest an effective methane fermentation of food waste by mixing wood chips with feedstock to minimize the sludge generation in the process. The food waste generated in an apartment complex in the Republic of Korea was used as biogas feedstock. The use of wood chips in the process increased the production of methane and hydrogen. At the food waste to wood chip ratio of 0.5, 20 ml g−1 of methane and 13.9 ml g−1 of hydrogen were produced for 15 days at 35°C. The results of this study suggest the successful application of wood chips to the anaerobic digestion of food waste for producing biogas.
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Mozia, Sylwia. "Generation of Useful Hydrocarbons and Hydrogen during Photocatalytic Decomposition of Acetic Acid on CuO/Rutile Photocatalysts." International Journal of Photoenergy 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/469069.
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The presented studies have focused on a photocatalytic generation of useful hydrocarbons, mainly methane and ethane, from acetic acid underN2atmosphere. CuO-loaded rutile, as well as unmodified rutile and anatase-phaseTiO2photocatalysts were applied in the experiments. The efficiency of the catalysts towards methane generation changed in the following order: Cu-TiO2(10% Cu) > crudeTiO2≈Cu-TiO2(20% Cu) > Cu-TiO2(5% Cu) > rutile. The amount ofCH4produced in the presence of the catalyst containing 10 wt% of Cu was higher for ca. 33% than in case of pure rutile. The concentration of ethane was 14–16 times lower than the amount of methane, regardless of the catalyst used. Low concentrations of hydrogen were also detected in the gaseous mixtures. After 5 hours of the process conducted with the catalyst containing 5–20 wt% of Cu the concentration of hydrogen amounted to 0.06–0.14 vol.%, respectively.
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Schäfer, Michael, Oliver Gretzschel, and Heidrun Steinmetz. "The Possible Roles of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sector Coupling." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082088.
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The development of a power system based on high shares of renewable energy sources puts high demands on power grids and the remaining controllable power generation plants, load management and the storage of energy. To reach climate protection goals and a significant reduction of CO2, surplus energies from fluctuating renewables have to be used to defossilize not only the power production sector but the mobility, heat and industry sectors as well, which is called sector coupling. In this article, the role of wastewater treatment plants by means of sector coupling is pictured, discussed and evaluated. The results show significant synergies—for example, using electrical surplus energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen with an electrolyzer to use them for long-term storage and enhancing purification processes on the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Furthermore, biofuels and storable methane gas can be produced or integrate the WWTP into a local heating network. An interconnection in many fields of different research sectors are given and show that a practical utilization is possible and reasonable for WWTPs to contribute with sustainable energy concepts to defossilization.
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Colbertaldo, P., and G. Guandalini. "Techno-economic assessment of enhanced Biogas&Power-to-SNG processes with high-temperature electrolysis integration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012045.
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Abstract Biogenic energy sources are essential elements of the decarbonization pathways, but are strongly constrained by the limited availability. In this context, Biogas&Power-to-X technologies are strongly supported as a promising solution to foster renewable power generation and drive sector coupling opportunities. This work investigates enhanced Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) production processes for the repurposing of biogas plants. As an alternative to combined heat and power applications via internal combustion engines, the Italian legislation is supporting biogas-to-biomethane upgrading, focusing on the transport market. The proposed integrated plant scheme is a flexible solution based on Power-to-Hydrogen and methanation, able to exploit both electric and gas grid connections, enhancing biomethane production. Advanced process schemes are studied combining solid oxide electrolysers that exploit the methanation waste heat as input thermal energy and flexible PEM electrolysers that improve the part-load operation. The calculated efficiency at max load is about 55% for the Power-to-Methane block and nearly 75% for the overall integrated plant. Results show limited sensitivity of efficiency to input power variations, making the system suitable for the recovery of surplus renewable power generation.
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Biswas, Saheli, Shambhu Singh Rathore, Aniruddha Pramod Kulkarni, Sarbjit Giddey, and Sankar Bhattacharya. "A Theoretical Study on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Key Enablers of Cyclic Conversion between Electrical Energy and Fuel." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154517.
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Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOC) enable the efficient cyclic conversion between electrical and chemical energy in the form of fuels and chemicals, thereby providing a pathway for long-term and high-capacity energy storage. Amongst the different fuels under investigation, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia have gained immense attention as carbon-neutral energy vectors. Here we have compared the energy efficiency and the energy demand of rSOC based on these three fuels. In the fuel cell mode of operation (energy generation), two different routes have been considered for both methane and ammonia; Routes 1 and 2 involve internal reforming (in the case of methane) or cracking (in the case of ammonia) and external reforming or cracking, respectively. The use of hydrogen as fuel provides the highest round-trip efficiency (62.1%) followed by methane by Route 1 (43.4%), ammonia by Route 2 (41.1%), methane by Route 2 (40.4%), and ammonia by Route 1 (39.2%). The lower efficiency of internal ammonia cracking as opposed to its external counterpart can be attributed to the insufficient catalytic activity and stability of the state-of-the-art fuel electrode materials, which is a major hindrance to the scale-up of this technology. A preliminary cost estimate showed that the price of hydrogen, methane and ammonia produced in SOEC mode would be ~1.91, 3.63, and 0.48 $/kg, respectively. In SOFC mode, the cost of electricity generation using hydrogen, internally reformed methane, and internally cracked ammonia would be ~52.34, 46.30, and 47.11 $/MWh, respectively.
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Borowski, Marek, Piotr Życzkowski, Klaudia Zwolińska, Rafał Łuczak, and Zbigniew Kuczera. "The Security of Energy Supply from Internal Combustion Engines Using Coal Mine Methane—Forecasting of the Electrical Energy Generation." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113049.
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Increasing emissions from mining areas and a high global warming potential of methane have caused gas management to become a vital challenge. At the same time, it provides the opportunity to obtain economic benefits. In addition, the use of combined heat and power (CHP) in the case of coalbed methane combustion enables much more efficient use of this fuel. The article analyses the possibility of electricity production using gas engines fueled with methane captured from the Budryk coal mine in Poland. The basic issue concerning the energy production from coalbed methane is the continuity of supply, which is to ensure the required amount and concentration of the gas mixture for combustion. Hence, the reliability of supply for electricity production is of key importance. The analysis included the basic characterization of both the daily and annual methane capture by the mine’s methane drainage system, as well as the development of predictive models to determine electricity production based on hourly capture and time parameters. To forecast electricity production, predictive models that are based on five parameters have been adopted. Models were prepared based on three time variables, i.e., month, day, hour, and two values from the gas drainage system-capture and concentration of the methane. For this purpose, artificial neural networks with different properties were tested. The developed models have a high value of correlation coefficient. but showed deviations concerning the very low values persisting for a short time. The study shows that electricity production forecasting is possible, but it requires data on many variables that directly affect the production capacity of the system.
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Rahmati-Abkenar, Mahboubeh, Milad Alizadeh, and Marcelo Ketzer. "A New Dynamic Modeling Approach to Predict Microbial Methane Generation and Consumption in Marine Sediments." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 5671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185671.
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Methane, as a clean energy source and a potent greenhouse gas, is produced in marine sediments by microbes via complex biogeochemical processes associated with the mineralization of organic matter. Quantitative modeling of biogeochemical processes is a crucial way to advance the understanding of the global carbon cycle and the past, present, and future of climate change. Here, we present a new approach of dynamic transport-reaction model combined with sediment deposition. Compared to other studies, since the model does not need the methane concentration in the bottom of sediments and predicts that value, it provides us with a robust carbon budget estimation tool in the sediment. We applied the model to the Blake Ridge region (Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 164, site 997). Based on seafloor data as input, our model remarkably reproduces measured values of total organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium concentration in pore waters and the in situ methane presented in three phases: dissolved in pore water, trapped in gas hydrate, and as free gas. Kinetically, we examined the coexistence of free gas and hydrate, and demonstrated how it might affect methane gas migration in marine sediment within the gas hydrate stability zone.
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Sawasdee, Vanatpornratt, and Nipon Pisutpaisal. "Feasibility Study of Methane Generation from Swine Manure and Eichhornia Crassipes [Mart.] Solms." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2512rjce6067.
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This research was made to study the feasibility of methane generation from swine manure and water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes [Mart.] Solms) under mesophilic conditions. The component of Eichhornia Crassipes [Mart.] Solms was analyzed before pretreatment that was 21.47% cellulose, 14.98% hemicellulose and 9.88% lignin respectively. Eichhornia Crassipes [Mart.] Solms was pre-treated by using the physical pre-treatment and physicalchemical pre-treatment method. The experiment was batch-test operated within forty days of fermentation when incubated at 37 °C. The highest methane production was obtained from water hyacinth physical pre-treatment with a swine manure ratio of 50:50, Hmax 490 ml, Rmax 0.90 ml h-1 and a yield of 135 ml CH4/ g TVS removal respectively. In terms of physicalchemical pre-treatment for water hyacinth, the highest methane production was obtained with water hyacinth to swine manure 50:50 ratio with Hmax 290 ml, Rmax 0.59 ml h-1 and a yield of 130 ml CH4/ g TVS removal respectively. These results showed that the physical pre-treatment method was suitable as a water hyacinth pretreatment for methane production. In terms of economic feasibility, it was evaluated that the cost, net present value (NPV), a benefit to cost ratio (B/C ratio) and payback period (PBP) were 64.27 USD, 12,116.60, 10.52 and thirteen months respectively. Finally, this research will be useful for aquatic invasive species management and biogas production.
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Morales-Polo, Carlos, María del Mar Cledera-Castro, and B. Yolanda Moratilla Soria. "Reviewing the Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste: From Waste Generation and Anaerobic Process to Its Perspectives." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101804.
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Discharge of waste in general, and food waste, in particular, is considered one of the major environmental problems today, as waste generation increases continuously, reaching values of 32% of all food produced worldwide. There are many different options that can be applied to the management and evaluation of waste treatment, and Anaerobic Digestion seems to be one of the most suitable solutions because of its benefits, including renewable energy generation in form of biogas. Moreover, if FW (food waste) is digested in anaerobic digesters from Waste Water Treatment Plants, a common solution is provided for both residues. Furthermore, co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge provides benefits in terms of anaerobic process stability enhancing the buffer capacity of ammonia (for example) and biogas formation, which can be increased up to 80% when compared with monodigestion. The present paper reviews food waste anaerobic digestion from its generation, characteristics and different options for its management, and it does focus specifically on the anaerobic digestion and co-digestion process, stages, limiting rates and parameters, utilizing numerous experiences, strictly related to food waste. Pre-treatments are also considered as they are important and innovative for enhancing biogas production and its methane yield. The paper shows an extensive collection of pre-treatments, its basics, improving factors, and numerical data of biogas formation improvements that are related both to substrate modification and to the synergistic effect of co-digestion, which could lead to an increase of methane production from 11% to 180%.
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Patel, Vikram, and Datta Madamwar. "Biomethanation of Agro-Waste in Combination with Cattle Dung." Energy & Environment 5, no. 2 (June 1994): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500203.
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The potential of different agro-wastes like green grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.)), bagasse, algae (Enteromorpha spp.), banana stem and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in combination with cattle dung for methane production by anaerobic digestion have been evaluated. The results indicate that these wastes can be exploited for methane generation in combination with cattle dung. Best results were obtained with green grass when it was combined with cattle dung in the ratio of 1:4.
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Kabaivanova, Lyudmila, Venelin Hubenov, Lyudmila Dimitrova, Ivan Simeonov, Haoping Wang, and Penka Petrova. "Archaeal and Bacterial Content in a Two-Stage Anaerobic System for Efficient Energy Production from Agricultural Wastes." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051512.
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbially-driven process enabling energy production. Microorganisms are the core of anaerobic digesters and play an important role in the succession of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis processes. The diversity of participating microbial communities can provide new information on digester performance for biomass valorization and biofuel production. In this study anaerobic systems were used, operating under mesophilic conditions that realized biodegradation processes of waste wheat straw pretreated with NaOH—a renewable source for hydrogen and methane production. These processes could be managed and optimized for hydrogen and methane separately but combining them in a two-stage system can lead to higher yields and a positive energy balance. The aim of the study was to depict a process of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic waste followed by a second one leading to the production of biomethane. Archaeal and bacterial consortia in a two-stage system operating with wheat straw were identified for the first time and the role of the most important representatives was elucidated. The mixed cultures were identified by the molecular-biological methods of metagenomics. The results showed that biohydrogen generation is most probably due to the presence of Proteiniphilum saccharofermentans, which was 28.2% to 45.4% of the microbial community in the first and the second bioreactor, respectively. Archaeal representatives belonging to Methanobacterium formicicum (0.71% of the community), Methanosarcina spelaei (0.03%), Methanothrix soehngenii (0.012%), and Methanobacterium beijingense (0.01%) were proven in the methane-generating reactor. The correlation between substrate degradation and biogas accumulation was calculated, together with the profile of fatty acids as intermediates produced during the processes. The hydrogen concentration in the biogas reached 14.43%, and the Methane concentration was 69%. Calculations of the energy yield during the two-stage process showed 1195.89 kWh·t−1 compared to a 361.62 kWh·t−1 cumulative yield of energy carrier for a one-stage process.
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Farzaneh, Hooman, Majid Fahimi, and Yadollah Saboohi. "Optimal power generation from low concentration coal bed methane in Iran." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 38, no. 4 (February 16, 2016): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2011.642060.
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Yapıcı, Hüseyin, Nesrin Kayataş, Bilge Albayrak, and Gamze Baştürk. "Numerical calculation of local entropy generation in a methane–air burner." Energy Conversion and Management 46, no. 11-12 (July 2005): 1885–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.09.007.
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