Journal articles on the topic 'Renewable energy sources – Ontario – Mathematical models'
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Alnahdi, Amani, Ali Elkamel, Munawar A. Shaik, Saad A. Al-Sobhi, and Fatih S. Erenay. "Optimal Production Planning and Pollution Control in Petroleum Refineries Using Mathematical Programming and Dispersion Models." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143771.
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Oil refineries, producing a large variety of products, are considered as one of the main sources of air contaminants such as sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are primarily caused by fuel combustion. Gases emanated from the combustion of fuel in an oil refinery need to be reduced, as it poses an environmental hazard. Several strategies can be applied in order to mitigate emissions and meet environmental regulations. This study proposes a mathematical programming model to derive the optimal pollution control strategies for an oil refinery, considering various reduction options for multiple pollutants. The objective of this study is to help decision makers select the most economic pollution control strategy, while satisfying given emission reduction targets. The proposed model is tested on an industrial scale oil refinery sited in North Toronto, Ontario, Canada considering emissions of NOx, SOx, and CO2. In this analysis, the dispersion of these air pollutants is captured using a screening model (SCREEN3) and a non-steady state CALPUFF model based on topographical and meteorological conditions. This way, the impacts of geographic location on the concentration of pollutant emissions were examined in a realistic way. The numerical experiments showed that the optimal production and pollution control plans derived from the proposed optimization model can reduce NOx, SOx, and CO2 emission by up to 60% in exchange of up to 10.7% increase in cost. The results from the dispersion models verified that these optimal production and pollution control plans may achieve a significant reduction in pollutant emission in a large geographic area around the refinery site.
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Marchenko, Oleg V., and Sergei V. Solomin. "Efficiency Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911405001.
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A review of the methods and models used at the ESI SB RAS to assess the effectiveness of renewable energy sources (RES) was carried out. Criteria were formulated and calculation formulas were given for a preliminary assessment of the competitiveness of renewable energy sources as compared to alternative energy supply options. A mathematical model of the world energy system was considered, where renewable energy sources were described by averaged indicators. The model allows for different scenarios of external conditions to explore the prospects for the development of energy technologies, including renewable energy sources. For the analysis of autonomous energy systems with RES, a simulation model was developed so as to treat the processes of production, consumption, and energy storage in their dynamics. The optimization version of the mathematical model eliminates the need for a pre-assignment of the energy flow control algorithm. In this case, it is possible to study systems with the simultaneous presence of several units of energy storage of various types. For the study of renewable energy sources under market conditions, a model was developed so as to take into account the presence of various decision-making hubs, as well as the impact of governmental regulatory bodies in the market. It was shown that the most efficient mechanism for encouraging the development of renewable energy sources is the creation of a market for "green certificates", with the least efficient renewable energy sources to be subsidized.
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Issa, H. I., H. J. Mohammed, L. M. Abdali, A. G. Al Bairmani, and M. Ghachim. "Mathematical Modeling and Controller for PV System by Using MPPT Algorithm." Bulletin of Kalashnikov ISTU 24, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-1-96-101.
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In this research, the study theory of system includes the use of an important source of renewable energy sources (solar source) and linking this system with an electrical load. The world is witnessing a significant rise in fossil fuel prices since the ending of the 20th century and now, this rise in price increases with the decrease in inventory day after day. Therefore, it turned that the field of attention to researchers of power generation to expand in non-conventional energy sources (new and renewable energy sources).New and renewable energy is inexhaustible in use because they rely on renewable natural resources. The mathematical model is an important part of the detailed study for PV systems. As well as study models for photovoltaic systems via the MATLAB/Simulink, this programming environment contains many models for renewable systems intended to perform simulation and analysis.Solar cells system needs to apply the MPPT algorithm due to the instability of external circumstances such as solar radiation and temperature.At a constant temperature of 25 °C, as the radiation level increases, the current and voltage of the module increase, this leads to an increase in output power. At a constant radiation level of 100 W/m2, as the module temperature increases, the current increases and the voltage decreases, this causes the output power to decrease. The maximum power is reached at 17 V and 3.5 A by the MPPT method. The Perturb and Observe algorithm is used to achieve maximum power.
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Pavić, Ivan, Tomislav Capuder, and Igor Kuzle. "Generation scheduling in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy." Journal of Energy - Energija 66, no. 1-4 (June 23, 2022): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2017661-4102.
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Share of renewable energy sources increased rapidly over last two decades primary as wind and solar power plants. Their increase was driven by governmental subsidies and priority access and dispatch regarding conventional units. Wind and solar power plants are inflexible sources because their generation depends on exterior, weather conditions and they cannot be controlled as conventional units. This paper will define term power system flexibility and provide an insight into flexibility of conventional and modern power systems. Detailed mathematical model of power system and all its components has been created and explained. Modeling has been executed as mixed integer linear program using Fico Xpress optimization suite. Using those models, flexibility analyses of power systems with different renewable energy sources share has been conducted
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Kuznietsov, Mykola, Olha Lysenko, and Oleksandr Melnyk. "OPTIMAL REGULATION OF LOCAL ENERGY SYSTEM WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (2) (July 2, 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2021.01.08.
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The paper is devoted to solving the balancing problem in local power systems with renewable energy sources. For a power system optimization problem, whose operation depends on random weather factors, a convex parameter optimization or optimal control problem was solved using controlled generation, for each individual realization of a random process as a deterministic function, and then statistical processing of results over a set of random realizations was performed and distribution density functions of the desired target function were constructed, followed by estimation of expected values and their confidence intervals. The process describing current deviations of generated power from mean value is modelled as discrete stray model and has properties of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which allowed varying the duration of unit interval, in particular to select data bases of operating objects with inherent temporal discreteness of their monitoring systems. Random components are investigated and modelled, while the average values are considered to be deterministic and are provided within a predictable schedule using also traditional energy sources (centralised power grid). A mathematical model of the combined operation of renewable energy sources in a system with variable load, electric storage device and auxiliary regulating generator is implemented as a scheme of sequential generation and consumption models and random processes describing the current state of the power system. The operation of the electricity accumulators is dependent on the processes mentioned, but in the full balance, it appears together with generation or load losses, which are cumulative sums of unbalanced power and may have a different distribution from the normal one. However, these processes are internal, relating to the redistribution of energy within a generation system whose capacity is generally described satisfactorily, given the relevant criteria, by a normal law. Under this condition, it is possible to estimate the probability of different circumstances - over- or under-generation, that is, to give a numerical estimate of the reliability of energy supply.
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Chernozomov, Y. S. "Polarization Models of Radiation in a Solar Energy Concentrator System." Èlektronnoe modelirovanie 43, no. 5 (October 4, 2021): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/emodel.43.05.093.
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The possibility of using renewable energy sources (RES) for the production of hydrogen fuel, in particular solar radiation energy, without using the stage of generating electricity is considered. A mathematical model of a reflector with anisotropy of electrodynamic properties is presented. According to the analysis, using the described model, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of using this effect to ensure the transmission capacity of the energy component of solar radiation with partial or complete retention of polarization. Based on the data obtained, variants of collimating optical systems of energy concentrators are proposed that are potentially capable of realizing the photolysis process.
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Sudharshan, Konduru, C. Naveen, Pradeep Vishnuram, Damodhara Venkata Siva Krishna Rao Krishna Rao Kasagani, and Benedetto Nastasi. "Systematic Review on Impact of Different Irradiance Forecasting Techniques for Solar Energy Prediction." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 28, 2022): 6267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176267.
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As non-renewable energy sources are in the verge of exhaustion, the entire world turns towards renewable sources to fill its energy demand. In the near future, solar energy will be a major contributor of renewable energy, but the integration of unreliable solar energy sources directly into the grid makes the existing system complex. To reduce the complexity, a microgrid system is a better solution. Solar energy forecasting models improve the reliability of the solar plant in microgrid operations. Uncertainty in solar energy prediction is the challenge in generating reliable energy. Employing, understanding, training, and evaluating several forecasting models with available meteorological data will ensure the selection of an appropriate forecast model for any particular location. New strategies and approaches emerge day by day to increase the model accuracy, with an ultimate objective of minimizing uncertainty in forecasting. Conventional methods include a lot of differential mathematical calculations. Large data availability at solar stations make use of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for computing, forecasting, and predicting solar radiation energy. The recent evolution of ensemble and hybrid models predicts solar radiation accurately compared to all the models. This paper reviews various models in solar irradiance and power estimation which are tabulated by classification types mentioned.
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Handam, Ahmed, and Takialddin Al Smadi. "Multivariate analysis of efficiency of energy complexes based on renewable energy sources in the system power supply of autonomous consumer." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 5 (May 2022): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.05.014.
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The aim of this study is a multivariate analysis of energy pools based on renewable energy sources in the energy supply system for the independent consumer. The research provides the mathematical formula for optimizing the main parameters and processes of the energy complex (EC) on the basis of renewable energy sources (RES) to supply energy to many independent rural consumers in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Methodology and computation models can take into account additional conditions and constraints, data, which give flexibility and versatility to the computation models. The use of methods and guidelines at the design stage will increase the competitiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Jordanian government based on reliance on alternative energy sources, and improve the overall cost to independent consumers of low energy in rural areas. The article is devoted to the solution of the problem of developing technical solutions for multivariate analysis efficiency of energy complexes based on renewable energy sources in the system power supply of autonomous consumers. However, current global trends are such that the cost of electrolyzes and fuel elements decrease, and their reliability increases. To study the economic efficiency of the application of the hydrogen accumulation system, two models were included in the calculation program. In the first of the model, the increase in diesel fuel prices corresponded to inflation, in the second, the increase in diesel prices fuel outstripped inflation by 5-10% per year. Paying attention to the first option showed that to use the system accumulation of hydrogen is not economically feasible.
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Duan, Jon, G. Cornelis van van Kooten, and A. T. M. Hasibul Islam. "Calibration of Grid Models for Analyzing Energy Policies." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031234.
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Intermittent forms of renewable energy destabilize electricity grids unless adequate reliable generating capacity and storage are available, while instability of hybrid electricity grids and cost fluctuations in fossil fuel prices pose further challenges for policymakers. We examine the interaction between renewable and traditional fossil-fuel energy sources in the context of the Alberta electricity grid, where policymakers seek to eliminate coal and reduce reliance on natural gas. We develop a policy model of the Alberta grid and, unlike earlier models, calibrate the cost functions of thermal generation using positive mathematical programming. Rather than employing constant average and marginal costs, calibration determines upward sloping supply (marginal cost) functions. The calibrated model is then used to determine an optimal generation mix under different assumptions regarding carbon prices and policies to eliminate coal-fired capacity. Results indicate that significant wind capacity can enter the Alberta grid if carbon prices are high, but that it remains difficult to eliminate reliable baseload capacity. Adequate baseload coal and/or natural gas capacity is required, which is the case even if battery storage is allowed into the system. Further, significant peak-load gas capacity will also be required to backstop intermittent renewables.
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Yashin, Anton, Andrey Bodylev, Regina Khazieva, and Marat Khakimyanov. "LABORATORY FACILITY FOR STUDYING THE APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 18, no. 2 (2022): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2022-18-2-82-97.
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The relevance The need for electricity among the population is constantly growing, especially among people living far from centralized energy supply centers. In addition, technological processes in the oil and gas industry are very energy intensive. Oil and gas industry enterprises located incl. in remote areas (Far North, etc.) it is easier to provide energy resources, in particular, using renewable energy sources. An important issue is the organization of reliable power supply in offline mode. Also, existing energy supply technologies are not always easily adapted for use in small and medium-sized enterprises. Renewable energy sources can play an important role in this matter. Therefore, research into technologies for autonomous generation of electrical and thermal energy, its rational consumption through the use of energy-saving technologies are very relevant at the present time. Aim of research It is necessary to investigate modern renewable energy sources. It is necessary to review modern power plants using renewable energy sources, to explore the wind and solar energy potential of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is important to conduct experiments on a laboratory setup. Determine the operating parameters, take the current-voltage characteristics and select the optimal operating modes. Research objects Renewable energy sources, laboratory installation, solar power plant, wind farm. Research methods Computer modeling, mathematical methods of calculation and analysis. Results A laboratory complex for the study of wind-solar power plants was installed. Computer models of all the main elements of the laboratory complex have been developed: wind generator, photoelectric converter, storage batteries. Conducted scientific experiments.
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Chen, Miao Sheng, and Yung Tse Tsai. "Optimal Energy & Environment Use by Optimal Control." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1189.
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Issues relating to the environment and energy are becoming increasingly important, and it is necessary to control the use of the Earth’s finite resources by government. This paper focuses on optimal control of the Earth’s resources by using the mathematical models and methods of the Euler equation. The purpose of this is to preserve sufficient amounts of the Earth’s resources for the next generation. Optimized control of the Earth’s resources can provide us with an understanding of the amounts which we can make use of now, and the amounts which we must leave for future generations. Insufficient energy sources can be substituted with green energy or renewable resources. The main contribution of this study is the use of mathematical models and the Euler equation to obtain the optimal solution. An approach of this type can enable governments to protect both the environment and energy supplies.
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Vaskov, A. G., N. Y. Mozder, and A. F. Narynbaev. "Modelling of Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1211, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1211/1/012011.
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Abstract The article highlights the problems of distributed energy generation and focuses on solar-diesel hybrid power plant modelling and optimization. Designing power systems based on renewable energy sources includes a very relevant task of building mathematical models of such systems and their elements. The article presents an approach and definition of mathematical models describing photovoltaic-diesel (PV-D) hybrid power system elements used in decision making processes as a part of PV-D operation control. An overview of PV module output power, performance and temperature models is given. Along with the analysis of the specific fuel consumption dependencies on the operating power of the diesel generator, an example of diesel power plant unit commitment is shown.
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Khan, Akhlaque Ahmad, Ahmad Faiz Minai, Rupendra Kumar Pachauri, and Hasmat Malik. "Optimal Sizing, Control, and Management Strategies for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: A Comprehensive Review." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 6249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176249.
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To meet the expanding energy demand, all available energy sources must be utilized. Renewable energies are both eternal and natural, but their major downside is their inconsistency. Due to the rising costs of fossil fuels and the CO2 they emit, hybrid renewable energy (HRE) sources have gained popularity as an alternative in remote and rural areas. To address this issue, a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) can be developed by combining several energy sources. In order to build modern electrical grids that have advantages for the economy, environment, and society, the hybrid system is preferable. A summary of various optimization methods (modeling techniques) of an HRES is presented in this paper. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the best sizing, control methodologies, and energy management strategies, along with the incorporation of various renewable energy sources to form a hybrid system. Modern hybrid renewable energy system utilities rely more on an optimal design to reduce the cost function. Reviews of several mathematical models put out by various academicians are presented in this work. These models were created based on reliability analyses incorporating design factors, objective functions, and economics. The reader will get familiar with numerous system modelling optimization strategies after reading this study, and they will be able to compare different models based on their cost functions. Numerous modeling approaches and software simulation tools have been created to aid stakeholders in the planning, research, and development of HRES. The optimal use of renewable energy potential and the meticulous creation of applicable designs are closely tied to the full analysis of these undoubtedly complicated systems. In this field, as well, several optimization restrictions and objectives have been applied. Overall, the optimization, sizing, and control of HRES are covered in this paper with the energy management strategies.
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Kotin, Denis, Ilya Ivanov, and Sofya Shtukkert. "Modified Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Using in Energy Supply System for Autonomous Consumer." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 7196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217196.
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In this paper, the possibility of using synchronous generators with magnetoelectric excitation for the autonomous consumers’ supply with the use of renewable energy sources is considered. To eliminate a number of the disadvantages associated with the difficulty of energy-efficient regulation of the generated parameters, such as the generated current and voltage, the use of modified multi-winding synchronous generators with permanent magnets is proposed. It allows solving the problem of controlling this type of generator. In addition, the use of this type of generator helps to increase the amount of energy generated. The authors have proposed several synchronous generators with permanent magnets of various supply network architectures: single-phase, two-phase and traditional three-phase types. This will simplify the design of architecture for several cases of consumer power supply systems. It will also help to eliminate the need to organize a balanced distribution of loads in phases to prevent accidents, damage and/or disabling of consumers themselves. Here, we considered mathematical descriptions of several types of generators that differ in their assembling, in particular, the number of phases (one-, two- and three-phase generators), the number of pairs of permanent magnet poles on the rotor, and the method of switching the generator windings among themselves. Using the developed mathematical descriptions that describe the operation of every single winding of the generator, their mathematical models were developed in the SimInTech mathematical modeling environment. The results of the mathematical modeling of these generators were presented; their interpretation for use with renewable energy sources was made; and the methods of using these generators were described. The developed mathematical descriptions of synchronous generators with permanent magnets can be used for further study of their operation. It can also help for the development of control systems and power systems for micro-grid energy complexes that use renewable energy sources to increase the energy efficiency of micro-grid systems.
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Obukhov, S. G., G. N. Klimova, and A. Ibrahim. "Methodology of optimum unit commitment of energy systems with renewable energy sources." Vestnik IGEU, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2020.6.025-038.
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One of the promising ways to improve the reliability and efficiency of power supply for customers in the areas remote from central electrical grid is the use of hybrid power systems with renewable energy sources. The primary task of designing such systems is the unit commitment of the generating equipment that provides the optimal technical and economic indexes of the electric power system. The stochastic nature of generation and nonlinearity of the characteristics of power plants cause a high complexity of solving this problem, which, from a mathematical point of view, is formulated as an optimization problem. An accurate and reliable solution of this optimization problem increases the efficiency of design and operation of hybrid electric power systems with renewable energy sources. And it is a vital task of modern power industry. A probabilistic-statistical methods and models for the analysis of experimental data are used to construct climatic time series and graphs of electrical loads. In addition, to study the operating modes of the electric power system the MatLab system is used for the simulation and modeling, and an evolutionary particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The original model of solar radiation is used as a part of this methodology. This model provides forecasting the key characteristics of solar radiation in any geographical point of Russia including the areas that have no results of routine actinometric observation. Weibull distribution function is used to forecast daily variations of wind speed. It enhances the validity of forecasting of electricity generation of wind-driven power plant at daily time interval. As a result of the research, a method of optimum unit commitment has been developed for the equipment of electric power systems based on renewable energy sources. The use of the particle swarm algorithm as a part of the methodology provides reliable and accurate determination of the extremum of the objective function, which increases the efficiency of design and operation of hybrid electric power systems with renewable energy sources. The method has been tested on practical examples of optimum unit commitment for the equipment of electric power systems of various configurations and has proven its effectiveness. The technique is implemented as a software application, which ensures the convenience of its practical application. The obtained results can be used by companies involved in the design and operation of electric power systems using renewable energy generating units.
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Helena Božić. "THE PURPOSES AND METHODS OF ENERGY SYSTEM MODELING." Journal of Energy - Energija 55, no. 5 (January 20, 2023): 530–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2006555398.
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This article describes the purpose of energy system modeling and the classification of planning models according to approaches and methodologies. The advent of modern computers and computer programs has simplified the use of planning models. Such models employ powerful mathematical algorithms and databases which can solve highly complex problems in a relatively short time. This has led to energy-ecology-economy (E3) models, which are simultaneously able to consider questions in connection with energy supply, ecology and economics. The characteristics of a MARKAL model are presented separately through an example of integration with other planning models. It is demonstrated that the application of an optimizing MARKAL model for the planning of the energy supply system of the Republic of Croatia is of great significance for the analysis of the energy market of South Eastern Europe, the use of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and emission trading.
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López, Andrés Robalino, and Ángel Mena-Nieto. "Meteorological Forecasting for renewable energy plants. A case study of two energy plants in Spain." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 17, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol2.262.
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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Energy resources are the engines that drive every economy [1], [4], [14], Therefore, it is necessary to develop their exploitation in a friendlier, environmentally and sustainable way indeed it is a critically needed nowadays. Then, it is necessary to improve efficiency and optimize renewable energy in order that replace polluting energy sources. This work aims to relate the use of forecasting on meteorological variables such as wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, among others, obtained by mathematical models implemented on computer to forecast energy production in renewable energies plants. It has been implemented and automated one of the most used models by the scientific community in this field, WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model). WRF is a next generation mesoscale model, designed to serve as a tool for meteorological research in addition to provide forecasts in operational regime. This research introduce the topic of energy forecast, mainly of renewable energy, focusing on wind and solar energy, basing the study on a better forecasting of meteorological variables in order to use as income in energy production forecast. A case study in two Spanish renewable energy plants is exposed</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p>
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Medykovskyi, Mykola, and Roman Melnyk. "Modeling the energy-dynamic modes of a wind farm with a battery energy storage system (BESS)." Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2021.01.020.
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The article presents the resultsof mathematical modeling of the energy-dynamic processes of a wind farm which includes a battery energy storage system (BESS). The dependence between load capacity and energy generation capabilities of the active set of a wind power plant taking into account the energy capacity of BESS has been determined. A mathematical model of the BESS has been developed. The elaborated model is compared with two other models: a black box module and a model based on equivalent circuit model. The application of the developed model provides an opportunity to optimize the energy capacity of BESS for the specified parameters and modes of operation of the wind power plant. Using the obtained results expands the possibilities of the adequate management of energy-dynamic modes of energy systems with renewable energy sources, provides mitigation of transition processes in conditions of insufficient or excessive wind speeds and consumer loads.
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Gbadamosi, Saheed Lekan, and Nnamdi I. Nwulu. "Optimal planning of renewable energy systems for power loss reduction in transmission expansion planning." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 5 (February 7, 2020): 1209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-11-2019-0291.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to address the efficiency of power losses representation while still reducing the computational burden of an optimal power flow (OPF) model in transmission expansion planning (TEP) studies. Design/methodology/approach A modified TEP model is formulated with inclusions of linearized approximation of power losses for a large-scale power system with renewable energy sources. The multi-objectives function determines the effect of transmission line losses on the optimal power generation dispatch in the power system with and without inclusion of renewable energy sources with emphasis on minimizing the investment and operation costs, emission and the power losses. Findings This study investigates the impact of renewable energy sources on system operating characteristics such as transmission power losses and voltage profile. Sensitivity analysis of the performance for the developed deterministic quadratic programming models was analyzed based on optimal generated power and losses on the system. Research limitations/implications In the future, a comparison of the alternating current OPF and direct current (DC) OPF models based on the proposed mathematical formulations can be carried out to determine the efficiency and reduction of computation process of the two models. Practical implications This paper proposed an accurate way of computing transmission losses in DC OPF for a TEP context with a view of achieving a minimal computation time. Originality/value This paper addresses the following objectives: develop a modified DC OPF with a linearized approximation of power losses in TEP problem with large integration of RES. Investigate the impact of RES on system operating characteristics such as transmission power losses and voltage profile.
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Cruz-De-Jesús, Emely, Jose L. Martínez-Ramos, and Alejandro Marano-Marcolini. "Optimal Scheduling of Controllable Resources in Energy Communities: An Overview of the Optimization Approaches." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010101.
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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of energy communities. This new definition refers to a community sharing energy resources of different types to meet its needs and reduce the associated costs. Optimization is one of the most widely used techniques for scheduling the operation of an energy community. In this study, we extensively reviewed the mathematical models used depending on the objectives and constraints considered. The models were also classified according to whether they address uncertainty and the inclusion of flexibility constraints. The main contribution of this study is the analysis of the most recent research on the mathematical formulation of optimization models for optimal scheduling of resources in energy communities. The results show that the most commonly used objectives are profit maximization and cost minimization. Additionally, in almost all cases, photovoltaic generation is one of the main energy sources. Electricity prices, renewable generation, and energy demand are sources of uncertainty that have been modeled using stochastic and robust optimization. Flexibility services using demand response are often modeled using interruptible loads and shiftable loads. There is still considerable room for further research on the distribution of benefits among the participants of the energy community and the provision of flexibility services to the electricity grid.
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Geca, M. J. "Mathematical analysis of a self-service car wash in the aspect of application of renewable energy sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2130, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012004.
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Abstract The paper presents a model of a self-service car wash. Sub-models of water, electricity and natural gas consumption were developed. Heated water is used to wash vehicles and in winter to heat the floor. Electricity is mainly used to power high pressure pumps. The data to develop submodels were based on a time series of 1 year from a 5-station car wash located in central Poland. Chemical consumption and costs were not analyzed in this paper. Generally, this data is quite difficult to access and not provided by car wash manufacturers or owners. The developed model allowed estimating the possibility of using renewable energy sources in the form of solar collectors and photovoltaic panels to balance the energy demand of a car wash depending on the number of washing stands and car wash load. Application of solar collectors allows saving 334 m3 of natural gas per year and 11.2 MWh of electricity in the case of applying photovoltaic panels. The amount of electricity consumed by the carwash is so large that mounting the panels on the whole available area will not provide the required amount anyway. Installation of photovoltaic installation on the premises of touchless car wash is justified in the case of connecting the installation to the public network, which was treated as a battery. The cost of maintaining such a battery is 20% of each stored kWh. As a result of the applied solutions, the CO2 emission will be reduced.
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Bianca, Carlo. "On the Modeling of Energy-Multisource Networks by the Thermostatted Kinetic Theory Approach: A Review with Research Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217825.
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Recently, different mathematical frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach have been proposed for the modeling of complex systems. In particular, thermostatted kinetic frameworks have been employed for the modeling and time evolution of a hybrid energy-multisource network composed of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, for the construction of the energy storage and for open networks. In the frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach, the evolution of an energy source and the interactions with other energy sources are modeled by introducing a distribution function and interaction rates. This paper is a survey of the recent proposed frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory for the modeling of a hybrid energy-multisource network and reviews the recent proposed models. The paper is not limited to review the existing frameworks, but it also generalizes the mathematical structures proposed in the pertinent literature and outlines future research perspectives and applications of this new approach proposed in 2012.
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Bianca, Carlo. "On the Modeling of Energy-Multisource Networks by the Thermostatted Kinetic Theory Approach: A Review with Research Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217825.
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Recently, different mathematical frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach have been proposed for the modeling of complex systems. In particular, thermostatted kinetic frameworks have been employed for the modeling and time evolution of a hybrid energy-multisource network composed of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, for the construction of the energy storage and for open networks. In the frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach, the evolution of an energy source and the interactions with other energy sources are modeled by introducing a distribution function and interaction rates. This paper is a survey of the recent proposed frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory for the modeling of a hybrid energy-multisource network and reviews the recent proposed models. The paper is not limited to review the existing frameworks, but it also generalizes the mathematical structures proposed in the pertinent literature and outlines future research perspectives and applications of this new approach proposed in 2012.
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Bianca, Carlo. "On the Modeling of Energy-Multisource Networks by the Thermostatted Kinetic Theory Approach: A Review with Research Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217825.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, different mathematical frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach have been proposed for the modeling of complex systems. In particular, thermostatted kinetic frameworks have been employed for the modeling and time evolution of a hybrid energy-multisource network composed of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, for the construction of the energy storage and for open networks. In the frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach, the evolution of an energy source and the interactions with other energy sources are modeled by introducing a distribution function and interaction rates. This paper is a survey of the recent proposed frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory for the modeling of a hybrid energy-multisource network and reviews the recent proposed models. The paper is not limited to review the existing frameworks, but it also generalizes the mathematical structures proposed in the pertinent literature and outlines future research perspectives and applications of this new approach proposed in 2012.
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Bianca, Carlo. "On the Modeling of Energy-Multisource Networks by the Thermostatted Kinetic Theory Approach: A Review with Research Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217825.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, different mathematical frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach have been proposed for the modeling of complex systems. In particular, thermostatted kinetic frameworks have been employed for the modeling and time evolution of a hybrid energy-multisource network composed of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, for the construction of the energy storage and for open networks. In the frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach, the evolution of an energy source and the interactions with other energy sources are modeled by introducing a distribution function and interaction rates. This paper is a survey of the recent proposed frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory for the modeling of a hybrid energy-multisource network and reviews the recent proposed models. The paper is not limited to review the existing frameworks, but it also generalizes the mathematical structures proposed in the pertinent literature and outlines future research perspectives and applications of this new approach proposed in 2012.
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Bianca, Carlo. "On the Modeling of Energy-Multisource Networks by the Thermostatted Kinetic Theory Approach: A Review with Research Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217825.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, different mathematical frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach have been proposed for the modeling of complex systems. In particular, thermostatted kinetic frameworks have been employed for the modeling and time evolution of a hybrid energy-multisource network composed of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, for the construction of the energy storage and for open networks. In the frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach, the evolution of an energy source and the interactions with other energy sources are modeled by introducing a distribution function and interaction rates. This paper is a survey of the recent proposed frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory for the modeling of a hybrid energy-multisource network and reviews the recent proposed models. The paper is not limited to review the existing frameworks, but it also generalizes the mathematical structures proposed in the pertinent literature and outlines future research perspectives and applications of this new approach proposed in 2012.
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Bianca, Carlo. "On the Modeling of Energy-Multisource Networks by the Thermostatted Kinetic Theory Approach: A Review with Research Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217825.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, different mathematical frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach have been proposed for the modeling of complex systems. In particular, thermostatted kinetic frameworks have been employed for the modeling and time evolution of a hybrid energy-multisource network composed of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, for the construction of the energy storage and for open networks. In the frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach, the evolution of an energy source and the interactions with other energy sources are modeled by introducing a distribution function and interaction rates. This paper is a survey of the recent proposed frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory for the modeling of a hybrid energy-multisource network and reviews the recent proposed models. The paper is not limited to review the existing frameworks, but it also generalizes the mathematical structures proposed in the pertinent literature and outlines future research perspectives and applications of this new approach proposed in 2012.
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Bianca, Carlo. "On the Modeling of Energy-Multisource Networks by the Thermostatted Kinetic Theory Approach: A Review with Research Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217825.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, different mathematical frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach have been proposed for the modeling of complex systems. In particular, thermostatted kinetic frameworks have been employed for the modeling and time evolution of a hybrid energy-multisource network composed of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, for the construction of the energy storage and for open networks. In the frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory approach, the evolution of an energy source and the interactions with other energy sources are modeled by introducing a distribution function and interaction rates. This paper is a survey of the recent proposed frameworks of the thermostatted kinetic theory for the modeling of a hybrid energy-multisource network and reviews the recent proposed models. The paper is not limited to review the existing frameworks, but it also generalizes the mathematical structures proposed in the pertinent literature and outlines future research perspectives and applications of this new approach proposed in 2012.
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Lekavičius, Vidas, and Arvydas Galinis. "MODELING LOCAL RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS ON THE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 38, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2016.31.
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Renewable energy and local resources play increasingly important role in the contemporary energy system. However, many energy planning models fail to represent peculiarities and constraints related to the use of bioenergy and other local resources. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of modelling methods used for the reflection of local energy and non-energy resources and constraints in energy planning models. For this, scientific literature concerning modelling methods has been analysed and special mathematical model has been created. This model allows for optimization of heat production in different generation sources. Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis has revealed the most influential factors in both traditional specification of the model and extended one which includes reflection of local resources and constraints. The results of the research highlight the positive effects provided by the integration of local peculiarities into the traditional energy planning models.
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Fahim, Samuel R., Hany M. Hasanien, Rania A. Turky, Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem, and Martin Ćalasan. "A Comprehensive Review of Photovoltaic Modules Models and Algorithms Used in Parameter Extraction." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 8941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238941.
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Currently, solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy sources that help support energy transition into decarbonized energy systems for a safer future. This work provides a comprehensive review of mathematical modeling used to simulate the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The meteorological parameters that influence the performance of PV modules are also presented. Various deterministic and probabilistic mathematical modeling methodologies have been investigated. Moreover, the metaheuristic methods used in the parameter extraction of diode models of the PV equivalent circuits are addressed in this article to encourage the adoption of algorithms that can predict the parameters with the highest precision possible. With the significant increase in the computational power of workstations and personal computers, soft computing algorithms are expected to attract more attention and dominate other algorithms. The different error expressions used in formulating objective functions that are employed in extracting the parameters of PV models are comprehensively expressed. Finally, this work aims to develop a comprehensive layout for the previous, current, and possible future areas of PV module modeling.
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Pavlyk, A., A. Zhulavskyi, Iu Shkodkina, and M. Maslii. "ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.1-4.
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The article is devoted to the problem of an environmental-economic assessment of consequences of using renewable energy sources. The existing system for assessing environmental-economic consequences of energy production can be applied only to traditional energy sources — combined heat and power plants (CHP plants), thermal power plants (TPP), and atomic power plants, since it is unviable to apply it for renewable energy sources. The reason lies in the peculiar features of renewable energy sources — they do not use exhaustible energy resources for the purpose of energy generation and have a small minimum size of a power station, which makes renewable energy sources more mobile and available for the use in the private sector of economy. This article proposes a methodology of an environmental-economic assessment of the consequences of energy generation from renewable energy sources, which takes into account the features of renewable energy sources use in comparison to traditional ones. In this paper, we analyze shortcomings of the existing methodology for assessing consequences of harmful substances emissions into the atmosphere and propose our own methodology. It includes a life cycle theory of an energy product, which allows to identify environmental-economic consequences at every stage of the life cycle of an energy product and to assess them. For an objective assessment we used statistical data and existing calculations from domestic scientists on a correlation between the number of diseases and volume of harmful substances emissions into the atmosphere. The methodology allows to assess and compare environmental-economic consequences of the development of a particular energy source in relation to other sources. Despite the generally accepted opinion that there are no environmental and economic consequences of the use of renewable energy sources, this paper proves that renewable energy sources have such an impact at different stages of their life cycle. Research findings and calculations in this paper allow to use existing mathematical tools to develop optimal models for the energy sector development of Ukraine. The proposed methodology can be applied to other countries in order to identify its shortcomings and develop further this methodology of assessment.
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Lezhniuk, Petro, Viacheslav Komar, and Olena Rubanenko. "Criterion modelling of the process of redundancy of renewable energy sources power generation instability by electrochemical accumulators." Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2021.02.012.
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The paper analyzes the methods and ways for the redundancy of renewable energy sources (RESs) instability in electric power systems (PS). It is shown that these can be maneuverable capacities, in particular, thermal and hydropower plants, accumulators, hydrogen technologies, biogas plants. It is substantiated that, for various reasons, for the RESs to be developed and their capacity to be increased in power systems, electrochemical accumulators and highly maneuverable capacities existing in the PS are the most prepared for implementation. Mathematical models based on similarity theory and the criterion method have been developed for them. This approach is preferable due to the fact that with the minimum available information, it provides the opportunity to compare different ways of compensation of RESs generation instability, to assess their proportionality, as well as to determine the sensitivity of costs to the capacity of the redundancy methods. Criterion models which allow us to design dependences of the costs for the redundancy of RESs generation instability on the capacity of electrochemical accumulators, on the capacity of the system reserve, as well as on the capacity of power lines have been formed. Such dependencies make it possible to more reasonably choose certain methods of redundancy in accordance with the characteristics and requirements of PS.
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Mollo Neto, Mario, Lucélia Maria Casagrande, Camila Pires Cremasco, and Luís Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho. "Prospecting and modeling of primary energy production indicators in Brazil supported by graph theory." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 16, 2021): e485101019199. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19199.
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This research presents a study on the scenario of primary energy production in Brazil over the period from 1970 to 2018, as well as the main sources that contributed to the national energy matrix. To map trends in primary energy production, Social Network Analysis was applied. Also are presented the mathematical models that represent the variation in the centrality and density of primary energy production. Based on the results and the literature on the economy of Brazil in the period between the years 1970 to 2018, it discuss the movements carried out by public policymakers that culminated in a reduction of investments in the sector, even that demand would always be growing. However, it would continue to be linked to the results of small increases in GDP and HDI. Another result was the evolution and of oil as a non-renewable primary source offer for the entire period of the research. Was perceived the alternation of offers from non-renewable sources that, starting with the predominance of firewood, passing on to the generation of hydraulic energy, the most important for two decades, and the substitution by-products derived from sugarcane, which extends until the year 2018. It was also observed that in the period from 2010 to 2018, the share of supply from renewable primary sources, in percentage terms, it is no longer so distant from the share of offers from non-renewable primary sources, almost even dividing availability for the composition of the Brazilian matrix.
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TAVAROV, Saidjon Sh. "Artificial Neural Network Training Algorithm for Factor-Based Prediction of Electricity Consumption in the Household Sector." Elektrichestvo, no. 3 (2022): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2022-3-30-38.
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An analysis of the known methods for forecasting electricity consumption in urban distribution electric networks has shown that they are all based on the availability of sources of both electric and thermal energy. Reduction or complete absence of heat sources leads to significant forecast errors, which entails a drop in the energy efficiency of urban electrical networks and degraded reliability of power supply system individual components. Theoretical, computer, and neural network models that help achieve more accurate forecasting of electricity consumption in the household sector are proposed. Based on the developed mathematical model and taking into account the factor coefficients obtained for 2020 for nine cities of the Republic of Tajikistan, monthly values of the coefficient characterizing the terrain conditions were calculated. The results obtained using the proposed mathematical model were compared with the data of computer and neural network models. A method that helps obtain more accurate forecasting of electricity consumption in the household sector is proposed. To automate the monitoring and control of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, an algorithm for training an artificial neural network for factor-based forecasting of electricity consumption is proposed, the use of which will help improve the forecasting accuracy owing to the possibility of constantly training the neural network. The algorithm efficiency is confirmed by good agreement between the results obtained both using the proposed models and based on the readings of electricity meters.
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Tamilselvi, S., S. Gunasundari, N. Karuppiah, Abdul Razak RK, S. Madhusudan, Vikas Madhav Nagarajan, T. Sathish, Mohammed Zubair M. Shamim, C. Ahamed Saleel, and Asif Afzal. "A Review on Battery Modelling Techniques." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810042.
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The growing demand for electrical energy and the impact of global warming leads to a paradigm shift in the power sector. This has led to the increased usage of renewable energy sources. Due to the intermittent nature of the renewable sources of energy, devices capable of storing electrical energy are required to increase its reliability. The most common means of storing electrical energy is battery systems. Battery usage is increasing in the modern days, since all mobile systems such as electric vehicles, smart phones, laptops, etc., rely on the energy stored within the device to operate. The increased penetration rate of the battery system requires accurate modelling of charging profiles to optimise performance. This paper presents an extensive study of various battery models such as electrochemical models, mathematical models, circuit-oriented models and combined models for different types of batteries. It also discusses the advantages and drawbacks of these types of modelling. With AI emerging and accelerating all over the world, there is a scope for researchers to explore its application in multiple fields. Hence, this work discusses the application of several machine learning and meta heuristic algorithms for battery management systems. This work details the charging and discharging characteristics using the black box and grey box techniques for modelling the lithium-ion battery. The approaches, advantages and disadvantages of black box and grey box type battery modelling are analysed. In addition, analysis has been carried out for extracting parameters of a lithium-ion battery model using evolutionary algorithms.
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Aljumaily, Mustafa Mohammed, Abeer W. Alshami, Bashar H. Ismael, Mohammed Majeed Hameed, Mohamed Khalid AlOmar, Intesar R. Hussain, Mohammed saleh hameed, Qusay F. Alsalhy, and Mohammed A. Alsaadi. "A Review On Membrane Desalination Process in Water Treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1120, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1120/1/012035.
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Abstract Desalination is being used on a much larger scale as a result of the rising scarcity of freshwater. Desalination plant energy usage, however, continues to be a problem. Inherently appealing, the use of renewable energy sources has been the subject of numerous research. Membrane processes are indeed attracting a great deal of interest due to their economic viability and capacity to be scaled up. This article offers a cutting-edge review of membrane processes related to renewable energies for desalinating seawater and brackish water. Reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, and electrodialysis are examples of membrane processes. They are combined with renewable energies like hydrostatic pressure, waves, solar, wind, and wind. The key findings in this field include principles, plant design and implementation, mathematical models, and economic viability, are presented in this article.
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Tyagunov, Mikhail G., and Razhidin P. Sheverdiev. "Models and Methods for Studying Factors Influencing the Performance of a Hybrid Guaranteed Power Supply Complex." Vestnik MEI, no. 5 (2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-5-58-68.
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The aim of the work is to study the factors influencing the composition, parameters, and operation modes of a hybrid energy complex intended for providing guaranteed power supply to consumers located in isolated and hard-to-reach areas. The article presents mathematical models of the operating modes of power installations based on renewable energy sources as part of a hybrid energy complex involving parallel operation of different types of energy storage units, with taking into account the lifecycle, technical and process features of their functioning in isolated power systems. A 3D model of the hybrid energy complex has been developed, using which its performance can be studied under operating conditions close to real ones. In addition, a methodology of applying the model in solving design problems concerned with substantiating the parameters of isolated systems supplying power to consumers in hard-to-reach areas has been elaborated.
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Fluieraru, Cristian-Petre, Gabriel Predușcă, Horia Andrei, Emil Diaconu, Petru Adrian Cotfas, and Daniel Tudor Cotfas. "Determination of Technological Features of a Solar Photovoltaic Cell Made of Monocrystalline Silicon P+PNN+." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (November 19, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7945683.
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The development in the field of semiconductor materials and electronic devices has a great impact on systems with renewable energy sources. Determination of the functional parameters of photovoltaic solar cells is essential for the subsequent usage of these semiconductor devices. Research was made on type P+PNN+ monocrystalline silicon wafers. Crystallographic measurements of the photovoltaic solar cell were made by means of FESEM-FIB Auriga Workstation. Initial data were selected from the study of models found in the specialized literature. The experimental results were compared to classical mathematical models. Measurements made on the photovoltaic solar cell were realised in laboratory conditions on the NI-ELVIS platform produced by National Instruments.
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Asgher, Urooj, Muhammad Rasheed, Ameena Al-Sumaiti, Atiq Rahman, Ihsan Ali, Amer Alzaidi, and Abdullah Alamri. "Smart Energy Optimization Using Heuristic Algorithm in Smart Grid with Integration of Solar Energy Sources." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123494.
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Smart grid (SG) vision has come to incorporate various communication technologies, which facilitate residential users to adopt different scheduling schemes in order to manage energy usage with reduced carbon emission. In this work, we have proposed a residential load management mechanism with the incorporation of energy resources (RESs) i.e., solar energy. For this purpose, a real-time electricity price (RTP), energy demand, user preferences and renewable energy parameters are taken as an inputs and genetic algorithm (GA) has been used to manage and schedule residential load with the objective of cost, user discomfort, and peak-to-average ratio (PAR) reduction. Initially, RTP is used to reduce the energy consumption cost. However, to minimize the cost along with reducing the peaks, a combined pricing model, i.e., RTP with inclining block rate (IBR) has been used which incorporates user preferences and RES to optimally schedule load demand. User comfort and cost reduction are contradictory objectives, and difficult to maximize, simultaneously. Considering this trade-off, a combined pricing scheme is modelled in such a way that users are given priority to achieve their objective as per their requirements. To validate and analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm, we first propose mathematical models of all utilized loads, and then multi-objective optimization problem has been formulated. Furthermore, analytical results regarding the objective function and the associated constraints have also been provided to validate simulation results. Simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in the energy cost along with the achievement of both grid stability in terms of reduced peak and high comfort..
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Al-Najjar, Heyam, Christoph Pfeifer, Rafat Al Afif, and Hala J. El-Khozondar. "Estimated View of Renewable Resources as a Sustainable Electrical Energy Source, Case Study." Designs 4, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs4030032.
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Renewable energy resources for energy generation in the Gaza Strip (GS) emerge as a complementary resource, not only to meet the need of society for energy in various forms, but also to find available, sustainably, and less costly resources for institutions as with individuals. These resources could provide safety in use, increase energy security, and address environmental concerns. This work aimed to assess the renewable energy potential in the GS, which has few natural resources and a real crisis in energy supply. Therefore, an integrated evaluation methodology is assumed for renewable energy potential; the methodology comprises mathematical as well as software programming to assess the renewable energy. The results reveal the assessment of the existing four renewable energy sources: solar, wind, wave, and biomass. The estimations exhibit that the solar and biomass resources are dominant. The methodology consists of mathematical models for calculating the energy outputs from different resources in the study area. ArcGIS 10.1 software used for calculating solar radiation, WindSim 9.0.0 software for estimating wind energy and OpenWEC software tool for evaluating the force stored in coastal waves. The potential of each energy and the integration of all are depicted in individual maps by ArcGIS. It was found that if anaerobic digestion technology is applied, 65.15 MW electric power could be produced from about one-and a third million tons/year of biomass. Depending on the available statistical data due to the specified annual time period and the household electric demand that is about 120 MW at the corresponding time, this means that the energy from biomass can cover more than half of the demand. In addition, solar energy potentials were estimated to reach 1195 GWh/year. Therefore, the existing power may be replaced by biomass and solar energy. It also demonstrates that the energy potential maps can be used as metrics for possible sustainability projects in the GS.
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Alonso, Àlex, Jordi de la Hoz, Helena Martín, Sergio Coronas, Pep Salas, and José Matas. "A Comprehensive Model for the Design of a Microgrid under Regulatory Constraints Using Synthetical Data Generation and Stochastic Optimization." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 5590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215590.
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As renewable energy installation costs decrease and environmentally-friendly policies are progressively applied in many countries, distributed generation has emerged as the new archetype of energy generation and distribution. The design and economic feasibility of distributed generation systems is constrained by the operation of the microgrid, which has to consider the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, consumption habits and electricity market prices. In this paper, a mathematical model intended to optimize the design and economic feasibility of a microgrid is proposed. After a search in the state-of-the-art, weaknesses and strengths of existing models have been identified and taken into account for building the present model. The present model should be seen as a basis on which other models can be built upon, hence a complete definition of the different sub-models is stated: uncertainty modelling, optimization technique, physical constraints and regulatory framework. One of the main features presented is the generation of synthetic data in uncertainty modelling, employed to enhance the reliability of the model by taking into account a longer time horizon and a shorter time step. Results show significant details about energy management and prove the suitability of using a stochastic approach rather than deterministic or intuitive ones to perform the optimization.
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Kavchenkov, Valeriy P., Elena V. Kavchenkova, and Ivan D. Chernenkov. "Modeling of the relationship between the Earth population growth and the electric energy production processes." Journal Of Applied Informatics 16, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2021-16-4-110-121.
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The actual problem of an adequate mathematical description of the world development global processes trends is studied on the example of the Earth population growth and the production (consumption) of the electric energy. Various models used to describe the past, present and future of the various processes in nature, technology and economics are considered. It is shown that these processes are well described by the equations obtained during solving differential models with exponentially growth rates decaying in time. These models take into account the currently accepted doctrine of sustainable development of the world system using energy saving technologies, preserving environmental safety and using renewable energy sources. The similarity of the studied global processes and the possibility of their description by one criterion equation are established. At the same time their dynamics is characterized by different speeds. The first period is characterized by a rapid growth. After the inflection point the growth rates slow down but the volumes increase significantly and a gradual saturation occurs. The influence of the model parameters on the character of the studied processes on the phase plane is estimated which significantly simplifies their analysis. It is shown that the process of the world population growth passed the inflection point in 1990 and is 29 years ahead of the world electricity production growth. But the growth rates of electricity production and its consumption per capita are significantly higher. Thus, new mathematical models are proposed to describe the dynamic series of the Earth population growth, world production and electric energy consumption per capita. The obtained mathematical models have been in good agreement with statistical data for 60 years since 1960 and have high values of the determination coefficient. The studied processes prediction for the long-term period up to 2050 was made with their help. The results of the prediction do not contradict the results of other authoritative studies using the global processes inertial development model.
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Borowski, Sylwester, Klaudiusz Migawa, Agnieszka Sołtysiak, Andrzej Neubauer, and Anna Mazurkiewicz. "Regression model in the operation of wind turbines." MATEC Web of Conferences 351 (2021): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202135101021.
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The manuscript presents linear regression models used to predict the amount of energy produced in a wind turbine. As part of the own research, data obtained from the SCADA program for the Enercon E-82 wind turbine was analyzed. It has been shown that it is possible to build a mathematical model to determine the amount of energy generated from the average wind speed. This method can be used to forecast the production volume and balance the energy system. This is important due to the increasing share of renewable energy sources. The application of the developed method in practice will facilitate and accelerate the implementation of the decision-making process in electricity generation systems, while reducing the risk of error. This model can also be used to make wind turbine repowering decisions.
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Bulatov, Yuri, Andrey Kryukov, and Aleksandr Cherepanov. "Mathematical models for determining limit operating modes in electrical networks with distributed generation plants." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2020-4-17-36.
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Decentralization of electricity generation based on distributed generation plants is an important segment of the new technology platform for the power industry. On the basis of this approach, significant positive effects can be obtained, which consist in reducing financial costs of energy supply, increasing the uninterrupted power supply, improving the quality of electricity and stimulating the use of renewable energy sources. Effective use of distributed generation in electric power systems requires the development of methods and tools that provide coordinated management of normal, emergency and post-emergency modes. Of particular relevance is the problem of determining the limit operating modes of networks, at the nodal points of which relatively low power generators are connected. In some situations, for example, when using small hydraulic stations, groups of such generators can be located at significant distances for 6-10-20 kV distribution networks from consumption centers. In this case there will be a noticeable limitation of the regions of static aperiodic stability. The article presents the results of developments aimed at implementing methods for determining the limit operating modes by static aperiodic stability in networks with distributed generation plants. The proposed approach is based on the limit modes equations which provide the formation of effective algorithms for the operational finding of points belonging to the boundaries of stability regions. The results of the construction of the indicated areas for a 6 kV electric network with distributed generation plants based on low-power hydraulic stations are presented. Additionally, the transient processes in the studied electric power system were simulated in the Matlab system for various space points of the controlled mode parameters.
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Kuznetsov, Pavel, Leonid Yuferev, Dmitry Voronin, Vladimir A. Panchenko, Michał Jasiński, Arsalan Najafi, Zbigniew Leonowicz, Vadim Bolshev, and Luigi Martirano. "Methods Improving Energy Efficiency of Photovoltaic Systems Operating under Partial Shading." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 10696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210696.
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This article is devoted to the relevant problem of increasing the efficiency of PV systems. The presented analysis discusses the available methods for improving the power generation of PV modules under partial shading. Mathematical models for power loss calculation were compiled based on the results of this analysis. The proposed approach minimizes the negative impact of partial shading on the energy production of PV modules. It is based on the equalization of voltages of parallel-connected arrays of modules by installing additional power elements in them. The proposed solution is promising for various areas; it allows for the minimization of the unfavorable influence of existing urban objects (buildings, trees, communications, etc.) on the energy efficiency of PV modules. The obtained results are useful for the sustainable development of the urban environment in the context of digital transformation. They are the basis for the promising methodology of the parametric optimization of power plants using renewable energy sources.
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Guzmán-Bello, Hugo, Iosvani López-Díaz, Miguel Aybar-Mejía, and Jose Atilio de Frias. "A Review of Trends in the Energy Use of Biomass: The Case of the Dominican Republic." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073868.
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This review examines the use of residual biomass as a renewable resource for energy generation in the Dominican Republic. The odology includes a thorough examination of scientific publications in recent years about logistics operations. The use of mathematical models can be beneficial for the selection of areas with a high number of residual biomass and processing centers; for the design of feedstock allocation; for the planning and selection of the mode of transport; and for the optimization of the supply chain, logistics, cost estimation, availability of resources, energy efficiency, economic performance, and environmental impact assessment. It is also essential to consider the exhaustive analysis of the most viable technological solutions among the conversion processes, in order to guarantee the minimum emissions of polluting or greenhouse gases. In addition, this document provides a critical review of the most relevant challenges that are currently facing logistics linked to the assessment of biomass in the Dominican Republic, with a straightforward approach to the complementarity and integration of non-manageable renewable energy sources.
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Okampo, Ewaoche John, and Nnamdi I. Nwulu. "Optimal energy mix for a reverse osmosis desalination unit considering demand response." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 1287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-01-2020-0025.
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Purpose Reverse osmosis (RO) has become an important method of desalination to meet the ever-growing water needs around the world. Its integration with renewable energy source (RES) reduces the environmental impact of gas emissions and cost of conventional fossil energy sources. The optimal sizing of energy sources to power RO desalination system is intended mainly to minimize the annualized cost of the system and by extension minimize freshwater cost while maximizing production. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a mathematical optimization approach is used to determine the optimal energy mix, which includes grid power, diesel generator and a photovoltaic (PV) module to supply an RO desalination unit. Three cases of optimal sizing approach were compared. Case 1 is a system with only grid power and diesel generator as energy sources; Case 2 has PV incorporated in the energy supply mix while Case 3 has the three energy sources and a Time of Use (TOU) demand response program on the demand side. Findings The results of implementing the optimization models show that Case 3 turnout the highest freshwater production (1,521 m3/day) at a unit cost of 1.36$/m3 when compared to Case 1 with daily freshwater production of 1,250 m3/day at a unit cost of 1.68$/m3 and Case 2 having a daily freshwater production of 1,501 m3/day at a unit cost of 1.33$/m3. Originality/value The integration of RES to power desalination system with application of TOU demand response is the significance of this study.
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Hajtmanek, Roman, Peter Morgenstein, Tomáš Hubinský, Ján Legény, and Robert Špaček. "Determination of Solar-Surface-Area-to-Volume Ratio: Early Design Stage Solar Performance Assessment of Buildings." Buildings 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020296.
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One of the main targets of globally aimed strategies such as the UN-supported Race to Zero campaign or the European Green Deal is the decarbonisation of the building sector. The implementation of renewable energy sources in new urban structures, as well as the complex reconstruction of existing buildings, represents a key area of sustainable urban development. Supporting this approach, this paper introduces the solar-surface-area-to-volume ratio (Rsol) and the solar performance indicator (Psol), applicable for evaluation of the energy performance of basic building shapes at early design stages. The indicators are based on the preprocessors calculated using two different mathematical models—Robinson and Stone’s cumulative sky algorithm and Kittler and Mikler’s model—which are then compared and evaluated. Contrary to the commonly used surface-area-to-volume ratio, the proposed indicators estimate the potential for energy generation by active solar appliances integrated in the building envelope and allow optimisation of building shape in relation to potential energy losses and potential solar gains simultaneously. On the basis of the mathematical models, an online application optimising building shape to maximise sun-exposed surfaces has been developed. In connection with the solar-surface-area-to-volume ratio, it facilitates the quantitative evaluation of energy efficiency of various shapes by the wider professional public. The proposed indicators, verified in a case study presented, shall result in the increased sustainability of building sector by improving the utilisation of solar energy and overall energy performance of buildings.
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Abdallah, Wael J., Khurram Hashmi, Muhammad Talib Faiz, Aymen Flah, Sittiporn Channumsin, Mohamed A. Mohamed, and Denis Anatolievich Ustinov. "A Novel Control Method for Active Power Sharing in Renewable-Energy-Based Micro Distribution Networks." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021579.
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The microgrid is an emerging trend in modern power systems. Microgrids consist of controllable power sources, storage, and loads. An elaborate control infrastructure is established to regulate and synchronize the interaction of these components. The control scheme is divided into a hierarchy of several layers, where each layer is composed of multi-agents performing their dedicated functions and arriving at a consensus of corrective values. Lateral and horizontal interaction of such multi-agents forms a comprehensive hierarchical control structure that regulates the microgrid operation to achieve a compendium of objectives, including power sharing, voltage, and frequency regulation. The success of a multi-agent-based control scheme is dependent on the health of the communication media that is used to relay measurements and control signals. Delays in the transmission of control signals result in an overall deterioration of the control performance and non-convergence. This paper proposes novel multi-agent moving average estimators to mitigate the effect of latent communication links and establishes a hierarchical control scheme incorporating these average estimators to accurately arrive at system values during communication delays. Mathematical models are established for the complete microgrid system to test the stability of the proposed method against conventional consensus-based methods. Case-wise simulation studies and lab-scale experimental verification further establish the efficacy and superiority of the proposed control scheme in comparison with other conventionally used control methods.
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Saeed, Muhammad Hammad, Wang Fangzong, and Basheer Ahmed Kalwar. "Control of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Micro-Energy Grid’s DC Feeders' Power Flow Application." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.41952.
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Concerns about fuel exhaustion, electrical energy shortages, and global warming are growing due to the global energy crisis. Renewable energy-based distributed generators can assist in meeting rising energy demands. Micro-energy grids have become a research hotspot as a crucial interface for connecting the power produced by renewable energy resources-based distributed generators to the power system. The integration of micro-energy grid technology at the load level has been the focus of recent studies. Direct Current Micro-energy-grids have been one of the major research fields in recent years due to the inherent advantages of DC systems over AC systems, such as compatibility with renewable energy sources, storage devices, less losses, and modern loads. Nevertheless, control and stability of the grid are the paramount constituents for the reliable operation of power systems, whether at generation or load level. This research article focuses on the power flow between DC feeders of an autonomous DC micro-energy grid. To achieve this objective, a mathematical model and classical control strategy for power flow between two DC feeders are proposed using a conventional dual active bridge converter. The control objective is to minimize the DC element in the High-Frequency Transformer. Firstly, the non-linear-switched converter model and generalized average model for converter control are presented. Then, these mathematical models are used to get a small-signal linear model so a classical control strategy can be implemented. The control method enables output voltage regulation while abstaining from the high-frequency transformer's winding saturation. The stability analysis endorses the validity of the proposed control scheme. Also, the system response to load changes and varying control parameters is consistent. The simulation results validate the proposal's performance for changing converter and control parameters.