Journal articles on the topic 'Renewable energy sources – Government policy – Ontario'
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1
Whittingham, Nathaniel. "How wind turbines are not generating green energy: An economic review of the Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act." SURG Journal 7, no. 2 (June 16, 2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v7i2.2894.
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The Ontario Government passed the Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act in 2009. The Act promoted wind turbines and solar panels as a major component of the energy supply for the Province of Ontario as a replacement for coal-fired electricity generation plants. This article provides an economic assessment of the rationales that were offered for this policy, specifically, that the Act would help the Government of Ontario reduce the province’s reliance on fossil fuels, reduce carbon emissions, and stimulate the economy through the creation of jobs. The effects of the policy on the cost of electricity in the province are also considered. The analysis concludes that the Act will not reduce the Province of Ontario’s reliance on fossil fuels due to the inefficiency and unpredictability of wind turbines, ultimately leading to the need to use energy from more readily available sources of electricity such as gas. The need for fossil fuel backup also limits the potential to reduce the green house gas emissions.
Keywords: Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act (2009); renewable energy; economic review
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CHARNOVITZ, STEVE, and CAROLYN FISCHER. "Canada–Renewable Energy: Implications for WTO Law on Green and Not-So-Green Subsidies." World Trade Review 14, no. 2 (April 2015): 177–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000063.
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AbstractIn the first dispute on renewable energy to come to WTO dispute settlement, the domestic content requirement of Ontario's feed-in tariff was challenged as a discriminatory investment-related measure and as a prohibited import substitution subsidy. The Panel and Appellate Body agreed that Canada was violating the GATT and the TRIMS Agreement. But the SCM Article 3 claim by Japan and the European Union remains unadjudicated, because neither tribunal made a finding that the price guaranteed for electricity from renewable sources constitutes a ‘benefit’ pursuant to the SCM Agreement. Although the Appellate Body provides useful guidance to future Panels on how the existence of a benefit could be calculated, the most noteworthy aspect of the new jurisprudence is the Appellate Body's reasoning that delineating the proper market for ‘benefit’ analysis entails respect for the policy choices made by a government. Thus, in this dispute, the proper market is electricity produced only from wind and solar energy.
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Karanasios, Konstantinos, and Paul Parker. "Technical solution or wicked problem?" Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 322–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-11-2017-0085.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the issues related to the deployment of renewable electricity technologies (RETs) in remote indigenous communities by examining the views of key informants in a remote northern Ontario community through the lens of a wicked problem approach, with the goal to identify policy direction and strategies for the further development of renewable electricity projects. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses semi-structured interviews with community key informants, informed discussions with community members and energy conference participants and literature reviews of academic, policy and utility documents as complementary data sources for triangulation of results. Findings According to informants, the complexity surrounding the deployment of RETs in remote Canadian indigenous communities is the result of different stakeholder perspectives on the issues that RETs are expected to address. Furthermore, institutional complexity of the electricity generation system and uncertainty over both the choice of off-grid renewable technology and the future of electricity generation systems structure and governance add to this complexity. Research limitations/implications Given the governments’ legal obligation to consult with indigenous people for projects within their territories, community perspectives provide insights for policy design to support both the deployment of RETs and address indigenous communities sustainability goals. Originality/value This paper offers views and opinions of community members from an off-grid Canadian indigenous community. Community members describe how they envision their electricity systems and the desired contribution of community owned renewable electricity generation to increase local control and economic development.
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Xin, Yongrong, Muhammad Khyzer Bin Dost, Hamza Akram, and Waqas Ahmad Watto. "Analyzing Pakistan’s Renewable Energy Potential: A Review of the Country’s Energy Policy, Its Challenges, and Recommendations." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316123.
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Pakistan’s dependence on imported fuels has led to a massive electrical shortfall, stifling the country’s socioeconomic growth. Pakistan’s energy gap is between 5000 and 8000 megawatts (MW), with a 6–8% yearly growth predicted, therefore, it needs more sustainable and renewable energy sources. Pakistan uses solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass for renewable energy. Pakistan needs cheap energy to support its economic growth. Most of the world’s energy is currently conventionally produced. The objective of this research is to analyze the opportunities that are afforded by renewable energy sources as well as the role that the government plays in the process of policy formulation. An examination of qualitative data from research works, journals, and government annual performance reports is presented. This study investigates renewable energy sources and government policy. According to the study, renewable energy resources are abundant. The renewable energy plan has no effect on real implementation. This research paper examines electricity restrictions, the transition to renewable energy sources, and Pakistan’s renewable energy policy difficulties. After analyzing the nation’s renewable energy potential, practical implications were made to promote it, for example 1710-megawatt wind installations. There are currently 217-megawatt biogas power stations being developed. Accelerating the energy transition to the nation’s future energy perspectives is a priority for sustainable development.
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Subagyo, Subagyo, J. P. Moh. Yanuar, P. N. Bambang, and A. Saleh. "Substitution of energy needs with renewable energy sources." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 927, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012032.
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Abstract The problem of global warming is a problem facing the world community. Since the Industrial Revolution’s birth, the use of energy from fuel oil (FF) has surged, and this causes an increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) resulting from burning fuel. This GHG is the cause of the rise in the earth’s temperature, which is estimated to one day, the earth is not comfortable and even no longer habitable. The solution to the problem is reducing GHGs that can be done by saving fuel use, which is replaced with renewable energy sources (REs). RE sources are obtained from the Solar Power Plant (SPP), Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP), Ocean Wave and Current Power Plant (OWPP and OCPP), Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Biodiversification Power Plant (BPP), Hybrid Power Plant. Besides, REs can also increase the overall electrification in Indonesia, such as in East Nusa Tenggara. However, the electrification rate is still low in quality. According to the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation 2014, the National Energy Policy mandates that energy mix from REs in 2025 is expected to reach 23%. This paper presents a literature review on new and renewable energy that can be considered early in their use.
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Hamidova, Lala, Arzuman Huseynov, and Elnara Samedova. "Challenges in Implementing Renewable Energy Sources in Azerbaijan." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13636.
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The gradual reduction of fuel resources, their depletion, as well as volatility of fuel prices led to a growing interest of countries in the use of renewable energy sources. Despite the fact that energy production in Azerbaijan currently largely depends on development of hydrocarbon reserves in the country, nevertheless, development of renewable energy sources is certainly one of the strategic priorities of the government. The main objective of the research is to study the economic problems and institutional aspects of introduction of alternative energy in Azerbaijan and develop recommendations to stimulate production of renewable energy. With the help of methods of comparative analysis and dynamic comparisons, the state of development of alternative and renewable sources in Azerbaijan was analyzed. The results of the study show that in order to increase the production of renewable energy it is necessary to take a number of measures in this area: improve legislation, introduce state incentives for consumers of alternative energy, apply a green tariff to attract investment, ensure transparency and consistency of energy policy.
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Bansal, Ayush. "Potential and Achievement of Renewable Energy sources in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38800.
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Abstract: Pure and environmentally friendly energy is of significant interest these days. It is one of the key enablements in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), accelerating social progress, and raising the standard of living. This work seeks broad insights into the Indian renewable energy framework, policy, approach, and socio-economic challenges. These include grid-independent and specific activities such as 'Utility-Scale Power Generation, Potential Multiple Geographies in India' and the Government of India's current achievements in advancing renewable energy production. Although much progress and progress has been made in the last decade of alternative energy maturation and expansion, improvements can be sought to increase the use of solar energy for conventional energy sources in India. Keywords: Solar Panels, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development Goals, power generation, cleaner fuels
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BESPALYY, Sergey. "Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.3(51).03.
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The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.
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Milčiuvienė, Kiršienė, Doheijo, Urbonas, and Milčius. "The Role of Renewable Energy Prosumers in Implementing Energy Justice Theory." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 5286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195286.
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In recent years, the use of photovoltaic-based distributed electricity generation has played a key role in achieving climate and energy policy goals. The energy market is changing rapidly from centralized generation towards unbundling generation, transmission, distribution, and supply activities. As energy consumers also become producers, a new energy market player—the prosumer—is emerging. The role of the prosumer as a market player can be analyzed in terms of implemented technological solutions, economic assessment, environmental impact, and legal regulation requirements. The aim of this article is to investigate the importance and compatibility of energy prosumers with energy justice theory in the context of European Union (EU) law. The authors concluded first that an energy prosumer will help to meet energy justice goals only if government ensures support for generation facilities for low-income consumers, as only then can intrageneration equity be achieved. Second, seeking to ensure equality among places with different energy sources, the government should promote the development of generation facilities using different renewable energy sources. Third, the short-term electricity market, which may allow energy prosumers to participate, should be developed.
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Kaman, Zeittey Karmilla, Siti Fatihah Salleh, and Waznatol Widad Mohamad Ishak. "RENEWABLE ENERGY AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.738.
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Research Highlights
This paper aims to assess the current progress of RE in this country and identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards RE policy development. The extensive review presented in this work offers a useful reference for policy makers, corporate managers and researchers who have vested interest in business sustainability and renewable energy related studies.
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Research Objectives
The objectives of this study is to explore the evolving concept of business sustainability towards environmental concern and to identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards Malaysia’s policy development on RE deployment.
Methodology
This is conceptual paper where the authors tend to make the analysis by exploring particular theories on business sustainability, renewable energy (RE), and the engagement of RE activities on Malaysia policy development.
Results
All energy sources have some impact and benefit on our environment. For instance, renewable energy (RE) is energy resource that naturally replenished over time and always can be generated such as solar, wind and hydro energy. However, if the rate of use exceeds the rate of renewal, gradually it will become unsustainable. Thus, to have a sustainable energy which defined as energy production that can last for the foreseeable future is crucial and become main focus of recent national policies, strategies and development plan as of many countries. Malaysia energy consumption still heavily depended on the non- renewable energies (RE) such as fossil fuel and natural gases. Unfortunately, the use of the non-RE is unsustainable and can contribute adversely towards the environment and economic performance of a country. Renewable energy is brought to play as it is believed sustainable and has the potential to thrive in infinitely competitive market of contemporary business nowadays. Therefore, in 2009, the government of Malaysia has announced a National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (NREPAP) as part of their commitment to accelerate the growth of RE as an alternatives energy sources for the coming years. Moving onwards, a strong policy is needed to tackle the challenges in meeting the demand, energy security and also the affordability of energy pricing. Thus, in energy security dimension, perhaps the government should put attention on renewable energy by engaging more on the alternative mechanism to deploy RE capacity through program such as Large-Scale Solar PV, Net Metering as at current practices and also other new initiative like green certificates. The exploration on new RE resource such as wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) also could assist in build up a new opportunity to enlarge the share of renewable energy mix percentage and ensure the future energy security (UNDP, 2007)
Findings
The energy industry is changing fast and in multiple directions. It is also regularly known as the catalyst for development in a country. Realizing the importance of energy as a vital dimension in economic and social development, the government of Malaysia has been continuously reviewing its energy policy and practices to ensure long-term sustainability, reliability and security of energy supply (Mohamed & Lee, 2006). The private sector even the communities should also be more corporate in social responsibilities and make compromises for instance by participating in green programs and accepting longer payback periods in RE projects. Nevertheless, continuous efforts and strong support from the societies are vital to ensure RE development can reach its maximum potential. This effort is also supported by (Dincer, 2000) and (Wutenhagen, Wolsink, & Buer, 2007) where they are stressed that increases the public awareness and acceptance on RE, it is as the initial step to make the sustainable energy program successful. This is done through the media, professional organizations, public and government channels. In conclusion, since there is still insufficient insight to critically reasoning the RE development in aspect of business and sustainability, the paper insists to contributes more to the research on energy policies enhancement in Malaysia particularly. This could be a challenge on governing agenda that involves a series of tradeoffs, market players, organizations and companies (Oliveira, 2018) and these efforts are important to ensure the future success of the RE development in Malaysia.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) for the fund granted through the Internal Grant (UNIIG2019), Project code: J510050852.
References
Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2), 157–175.
Mohamed, A. R., & Lee, K. T. (2006). Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy. Energy Policy, 34(15), 2388–2397.
Oliveira, R. L. De. (2018). Powering the future : Malaysia ’ s energy policy challenges. Kuala Lumpur: IDEAS Policy Research Berhad.
UNDP, United Nations Development Programme. (2007). Energy and Poverty in Malaysia: Challenges and the Way Forward. UNDP.
Wutenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., & Buer, M. J. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35, 2683–2691.
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Gnatowska, Renata, and Elżbieta Moryń-Kucharczyk. "The Place of Photovoltaics in Poland’s Energy Mix." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051471.
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The energy strategy and environmental policy in the European Union are climate neutrality, low-carbon gas emissions, and an environmentally friendly economy by fighting global warming and increasing energy production from renewable sources (RES). These sources, which are characterized by high investment costs, require the use of appropriate support mechanisms introduced with suitable regulations. The article presents the current state and perspectives of using renewable energy sources in Poland, especially photovoltaic systems (PV). The specific features of Polish photovoltaics and the economic analysis of investment in a photovoltaic farm with a capacity of 1 MW are presented according to a new act on renewable energy sources. This publication shows the importance of government support that is adequate for the green energy producers.
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Irfan, Muhammad, Zhen-Yu Zhao, Munir Ahmad, and Marie Mukeshimana. "Solar Energy Development in Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041206.
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Energy generation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels in Pakistan. Due to the huge population and current progress in industrialization, these sources are not fulfilling the existing energy needs of the country. Meanwhile, they have adverse environmental impacts and are economically unsuitable to electrify remote areas. Consequently, there is a need to look for alternate energy sources. The aim of this paper is to find out the best renewable energy option for Pakistan. For this purpose, we have collected data for solar radiation and wind speed for a period of one year in four major cities of Pakistan. Results indicate that solar energy is the best renewable energy option for Pakistan in terms of price, life span, operation and maintenance cost. Key barriers have been identified over the whole solar energy spectrum through semi-structured interviews with industry professionals. And finally, important policy recommendations have been proposed for institutions and government to overcome these barriers and utilize maximum solar energy in the country.
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Hanif, Hamza, Ahmer Shaheem Tahir, Rimsha Sheikh, and Dania Anjum. "Using XGBoost Model with Feature Selection Techniques for Wind Speed Forecasting." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol12.iss4.2021.654.
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Renewable Energy Sources have a lot of importance in today’s world to produce an electrical output which explains the main reasons that every government and policy maker now a days prefer Renewable Energy in the wake of global warming and limited availability of fossil fuels (Twidell and Weir, 2021). The Renewable Energy Sources are hazardless, pollution free, ecofriendly, freely available in nature in vast quantities and most importantly, they give a chance to create a carbonfree environment.
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Asmara, Anugerah Yuka, and Setiowiji Handoyo. "The Role of Street-Level Bureaucrats In Implementing Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia." GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 2, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2017.2.4(4).
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Objective - This empirical paper aims to describe what action the Government of Indonesia is taking to provide alternative energy sources, such as solar cells, biomass, wind energy, ocean energy, and other renewable energy (RE) sources. Methodology/Technique - The method of analysis used in this study consists of an individual factor, a contextual factor, an external factor, an organizational factor, and a political factor. Findings - The results show that the role of street level bureaucrats in implementing RE policy in Indonesia is influenced by legal regulation and specific values in internal organizations, created by themselves. Novelty - The study highlights that street-level bureaucrats in Dirjen-EBTKE have a discretion when introducing and implementing new RE programs. The paper involves qualitative research by providing descriptive data through a case study. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Role; Street-Level Bureaucrats; Renewable Energy; Policy; Indonesia. JEL Classification: P40, P48, P59.
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MULVIHILL, PETER, MARK WINFIELD, and JOSE ETCHEVERRY. "STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ADVANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ONTARIO: MOVING FORWARD OR BLOWING IN THE WIND?" Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 15, no. 02 (June 2013): 1340006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333213400061.
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This article explores the Canadian province of Ontario's approach to environmental assessment and SEA to electricity issues, its efforts to adapt these processes to facilitate the rapid development of renewable energy sources, and the potential contributions that an SEA approach might have made to these efforts. The province's experience may carry useful lessons for other jurisdictions considering the interplay between environmental assessment processes and strategies designed to move energy systems in the direction of greater sustainability.
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Cho, Sungheum, Hana Kim, Sanghoon Lee, Sangil Kim, and Eui-Chan Jeon. "Optimal energy mix for greenhouse gas reduction with renewable energy – The case of the South Korean electricity sector." Energy & Environment 31, no. 6 (November 7, 2019): 1055–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19882419.
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The power generation sector is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in this sector is therefore of crucial importance. The government has recently released its core energy policy objectives: elimination of coal-fired power generation, phase-out of nuclear plants, and promotion of renewable energy sources. This energy policy should be consistent with the national climate change response policy. This paper analyzed the optimum power generation structure based on the South Korean government’s energy policy and climate change policy and then analyzed the optimum power generation structure if the greenhouse gas reduction and renewable energy targets were different. Seven scenarios with different 2030 greenhouse gas reduction and renewable energy generation targets were investigated. The scenario analysis shows that it is difficult to reduce dependence on coal power generation if the South Korean government’s current energy and climate change policies are maintained. The current greenhouse gas reduction target level is insufficient to be a driving force for energy transition, but dependence on coal power generation can be reduced by applying a deeper level of greenhouse gas reduction (e.g. 50% reduction compared to BAU). To achieve the energy transition planned by the South Korean government, it would be necessary to set a target for greenhouse gas reduction that is deeper than the current plan. The results of this study analyzing the optimal power configuration for 2030 in light of South Korea’s energy and climate change policies are expected to contribute to the South Korean government’s establishment of policies in the future.
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Raybould, Blaid, Wai M. Cheung, Chris Connor, and Ross Butcher. "An investigation into UK government policy and legislation to renewable energy and greenhouse gas reduction commitments." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 22, no. 2 (December 7, 2019): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01786-x.
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Abstract The UK has committed to various legally binding targets with regard to renewable energy technology and greenhouse gas reduction. As a result, government policy and legislation have been significant in investing in renewable energy technology, driving innovation since 1990. The aim of this work identifies the key drivers behind commitments and to assess the role of government, business and organisations in the uptake of renewable energy and the development of a decentralised energy network as a result of greenhouse gas emission reduction target. This article presents quantitative analysis of primary research from government and industry. The novel aspect of this investigation is that the conclusive outcomes arise as a result of a unique research method by combining primary and secondary sources with support of company data from Nestlé and Transport for London. The main findings demonstrated that government support is one of the key drivers for innovation into renewable technology; however, business and the public are necessary to bring renewables to market. Strategies have been identified to incorporate decentralised generation into industry for the commitment of renewables and to develop the required energy network of the future. Graphic abstract
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Kabir, KMH, and MK Uddin. "Prospects of Renewable Energy at Rural Areas in Bangladesh: Policy Analysis." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24681.
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Presently the country faces a peak load shortage of 30% of total demand and the shortage of gas supply resulting in about 10% of power plants leaving idle. It also reveals that about 1-2% GDP growth declined annually owing to the shortage of energy and poorer ability of power generation. The present study seeks to analyze the issues and challenges of renewable energy (RE) in Bangladesh with special emphasis on prospects of energy generation at rural areas of Bangladesh and subsequent policy analyses. Electricity generation through RE and implementation of energy efficiency and conservation including the RE policies and their analyses will explore to meet the future unmet demand in power sector. Lessening of dependency on natural gas is one of the top agenda of the government, in addition Bangladesh has enormous prospects of RE (solar energy) to meet the unmet demand particularly at the remote and off grid areas. By this time, the government of Bangladesh has planned to generate 5% of generation (i.e., 800MW) by 2015 and subsequently 10% (i.e., 2000MW) by 2020 from renewable sources and 20% of total generation by nuclear, renewable and cross border by 2030 out of40,000 MW total expected generations. In this paper possible attempts have been made to identify the problems and prospects related to the RE particularly for solar energy at rural areas and their possible recommendations for future development towards achieving millennium goal.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 105-113 2015
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Simpson, Michael. "“Is Renewable Energy Affordable?” By Derek George Birkett; Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. (2019). Price £58.99 ISBN (10): 1-5275-2046-3; ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2046-2." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2019): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071969.
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This book is written by a retired grid engineer and deals with renewable sources of energy and the instability of the electrical distribution grid. Derek Birkett carefully goes through the arguments about the electrical supply and the effect of intermittent and variable renewable sources of energy on grid stability. As a result of investment in renewable energy and the increasing costs of carbon taxes levied on fossil fuel fired generation, the government has created a situation which is very expensive for consumers and industry, and is unsustainable. The government has intervened in the energy market and provided subsidies and policy support for renewable energy without considering the consequences for the stability of the electrical grid system. The government has no strategic vision of the future for energy generation and no expertise to draw upon. Consumers experience increasing energy costs, power outages and blackouts which will be costly and hard to recover from. Derek states quite clearly that “… the state should no longer use environmental regulation for political purposes unless there is a clear imperative for national well-being and security.”
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Ajibade, Andrea A. "National strategies to promote renewable energy development: Whither Nigeria?" Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 73–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v10i1.5.
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Renewable energy (RE) development enhances electrification, mitigates climate change and aids energy efficiency. Kenya, South Africa and Ghana, among other states within sub-Saharan Africa, have established legal regimes to integrate renewable energy into their energy mix. Through defined legal strategies for RE deployment, these states have committed to the promotion, development and utilization of RE. Despite the momentum towards renewable energy development across the region, Nigeria’s efforts fall short of establishing effective legal strategies. As Africa’s most populous nation it must do more to make RE part of its energy mix in order to impact electrification rates, mitigate climate change and aid socio-economic conditions. This article appraises the legal strategies for RE development in Kenya, South Africa and Ghana. Against this appraisal, it critically evaluates Nigeria’s legal strategies to promote and develop RE. It recommends legal reforms that are necessary to better integrate RE into Nigeria’s energy mix. The methodological approach of this article is doctrinal and library-based. It includes primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include laws, statutes, legal documents, conventions and statistics. Secondary sources include journal articles, internet sources and newspaper articles. All sources are subject to content analysis. It is expected that the article will be useful to policy and lawmakers across various tiers of government in Nigeria.Keywords: Renewable Energy Development, Electrification, Energy Efficiency, National Strategies.
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Nakamura, Hiroshi, and Masaru Nakano. "Scenario Analysis for Clean Energy Vehicles in UK Considering Introduction of Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 4 (June 29, 2017): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0592.
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For achieving a sustainable society, clean energy vehicles (CEVs), such as electric and fuel cell vehicles, can play a significant role in reducing CO2pollution in the transport sector. Each type of CEV has certain characteristics: vehicle running range, Life Cycle CO2(LCCO2), cost, fuel efficiency, etc. Therefore, in order to accomplish CO2reduction targets in the UK, this paper calculates optimized CEV portfolios by considering each CEV’s characteristics. The objective is to minimize a CEV system that includes running, vehicle manufacturing, and infrastructure costs. Constraints are defined by the vehicle sales number, vehicle price, energy price, etc. A CEV optimized portfolio is calculated for each year to provide ideas for determining future CEV policy for government and industries. Few conventional studies show optimized CEV portfolios by considering mixed rates of renewable energy sources (RES). However, they did employ one case of RES introduction rate, but this study employs many RES introduction scenarios. Results suggest that introducing a high RES date contributes to reducing EV’s LCCO2dramatically and reaching the UK target without great reduction of GVs and DVs. In the scenario of high RES introduction rate, differences are widening among EVs, GVs, and DVs in their amounts of CO2pollution.
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Anwar, Javed. "The Role of Renewable Energy Supply and Carbon Tax in the Improvement of Energy Security: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 4II (December 1, 2014): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i4iipp.347-370.
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As energy is a vital element for sustained economic growth and development, therefore energy consumption is used as a basic indicator of people’s living standards. Due to technological and industrial development, the demand of energy in Pakistan is increasing more than the total primary energy supply; therefore, it is confronting the severe energy deficit today. So there should be a serious concern for the government about the energy security and should take actions for the development of indigenous alternative and renewable energy resources. Renewable portfolio supply (RPS), and carbon tax are the two indirect policy options used for the improvement of energy security. Renewable Energy Promotion is used to reduce greenhouse gas emission, promote local energy sources and improve energy security through reducing energy dependency and diversification of energy sources. Carbon tax is an indirect policy option for energy security enhancement through emission reduction. Imposing tax on carbon emission will alter the primary energy supply mix, more efficient fuel and technologies will be substituted for less efficient fuel and technologies. This will reduce the primary energy demand and lead to improved energy security.
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Shchedrov, Ivan. "Energy transition in India: Challenges and prospects." Asia and Africa Today, no. 9 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020528-2.
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The article provides an overview of India’s policy on energy transition. India is highly dependent on energy production from conventional energy sources, especially coal. The country is also dependent on imports of oil and gas. Thus, the government of India is highly concerned about ecological problems and issues of energy transition towards renewable sources. India expresses an explicit position on renewable sources on the world arena but the structure of energy sector, socio-economic and spatial factors do not fully reflect the desire to reduce the energy production from traditional sources. The key element of India’s policy is energy security which implies providing cheap energy to every citizen. The high dependence on imports and the comparatively low level of local manufacturing in the sphere of renewables prejudged the greater role of explicit factors affecting energy prices. Moreover, due to geographical imbalance many people of India are not connected to energy distribution network and the states are experiencing chronic shortage of energy. That is why the main dilemma is the transformation of the energy basket with special account on energy security issues, environmental protection, as well as ensuring economic growth. That is why the country is trying to develop both the system of traditional sources and promote utilization of renewables. The analysis showed that since 2018 India has made significant progress in reducing energy deficit and increasing the share of renewables. However, due to certain factors the constantly increasing share of renewable energy production will not affect the production and import of conventional sources in the mid-term perspective.
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Erdin, Ceren, and Gokhan Ozkaya. "Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072136.
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In Turkey, current energy generations are not sufficient for the existing energy needs and besides, energy demand is expected to increase by 4–6 percent annually until 2023. Therefore, the government aims to increase the ratio of renewable energy resources (RES) in total installed capacity to 30 percent by 2023. By this date, total energy investments are expected to be approximately $110 billion. Turkey is the fastest growing energy market among the OECD countries. Therefore, Turkey is an attractive market for energy companies and investors. At this stage, site selection and deciding appropriate RES are the most important feasibility parameters for investment. In this study, “Site Selection in Turkey” issue for RES (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass) is evaluated by the ELECTRE which is one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. In addition, the reasons for choosing this method are explained according to the literature. The study emphasizes the importance of energy generation from renewable and sustainable sources and is concerned with improving the position of the country. The Turkish government offers many purchasing guarantees and high incentives, especially in the renewable energy sector. As a result of the analysis, the most suitable energy sources are presented according to the geography and energy potential of the regions. The study aims to inform energy firms and everyone related with RES about Turkey’s RES opportunities.
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Cruz, Rizalino B. "The Politics of Land Use for Distributed Renewable Energy Generation." Urban Affairs Review 54, no. 3 (October 17, 2016): 524–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087416672589.
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Many studies on energy generation have focused on large-scale systems. But as the search for alternative sources of clean energy becomes imperative, there is the need to examine how local governments leverage their authority on land use to permit small-scale energy facilities. This study examines various factors shaping policy adoption on distributed renewable energy generation through the lens of transaction-cost politics. It deviates from existing land-use perspectives, which usually highlight competition between traditional land-use forces to capture the gains from policy. Policy adoption here implies that actors in their exchanges have been able to identify and reduce the transaction costs that would otherwise have prevented citizens from harvesting renewable energy at their place of residence. These actors minimize transaction costs by making use of the transaction resources available to them in the political market. These resources could ease barriers to political contracting and enable actors to shape policy. They include green firms, network memberships, dedicated staff for the sustainability effort, forms of government, and educated populace, which the study found significant in shaping the adoption of zoning codes that permit distributed renewable energy generation.
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Pallavi, S., and N. Thangadurai. "Comprehensive status of energy and its alternative sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012059.
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Abstract India having 18% of the world population but uses only 6% of the primary energy, and it is rapid growing economy and already third largest. And it is compelled to go ahead in innovations in energy because expansion, modernisation, and expansion of the country. India Energy Outlook - experienced unique growth in solar energy in recent years by the technological improvement, cost reduction and government policies enhancing successively. In wind energy generation cost is most influencing element to manufactures and developers and it is in suitable in onshore compare with offshore. Now a day’s renewable policies are essential for global expansion and analysis about pivot elements to implement. Coal, electricity, natural gas is indispensable energy for policy makers International Energy Agency. Our current focus is how to focus future energy demand for conservation in building and industry and alternative fuels will play a major role to facing this demand. Electric utility face financial, environmental, and other constraints. Recently micro algae as great sources of renewable energy and grown in non-arable land using alternate for water sources like sea water. Declining of fossil fuel reserves the environment focus on the alternate sources of energy, wind energy with surprising growth of 40 % over the past five years.
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RYANTORI, Ryantori. "MANAGEMENT OF XINJIANG’S OIL ENERGY AND NUCLEAR ENERGY SOURCES IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) IN POST-COLD WAR." ICCD 3, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol3.iss1.361.
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China's dependence on energy so far has been on coal. However, like other non-renewable fossil energy, the supply of coal itself is getting depleted. In addition, the PRC's dependence on coal so far has brought losses to the PRC itself, namely the high levels of carbon dioxide emissions contained in the PRC's air. This situation makes the PRC government feel the need to develop other energy sources. Considering the PRC is a country that is blessed with various energy reserves which are quite abundant, it is not too difficult for the PRC government to explore and develop these energy reserves. However, it turns out that it is not so easy to raise this issue because in some ways this energy issue has touched other sensitive aspects. For this reason, the PRC government implements an energy policy consisting of a short-term plan, a medium-term plan, and a long-term plan. The agency responsible for this is the State Planning Commission (SPC). Bringing together the supporting factors and inhibiting factors, the visible trend is that the PRC government will continue to strive to maintain its energy policy, but by making improvements that are felt to be very necessary in order to be effective. This is inseparable from the existence of the PRC's economy as well as its environment which means the existence of the country itself in the future.
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Shang, Bo, Taotao Jiang, and Zheshi Bao. "A Study on Inter-Regional Cooperation Patterns and Evolution Mechanism of Traditional and Renewable Energy Sources." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 16022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316022.
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To obtain the early realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China, this study explores the cooperative relationship of inter-regional energy power-generation substitution between regions dominated by traditional thermal power and renewable energy sources (RES). By taking a regional government as the decision-making subject, focused on interest and environmental factors, an evolutionary game model of inter-regional energy cooperation is structured, and a simulation platform of the two different power-generation replacement cooperative patterns/strategies is constructed by using system dynamics. Then, the influences of the sensitive parameters on the cooperative evolutionary path under symmetric and asymmetric sharing cost cases have been discussed based on practical example in the regions of China. The results imply that agents can only select the favorable cooperative strategies unilaterally, by choosing a strategy of sharing the environmental revenues rather than the cooperative costs. When the failure cost of the opportunity revenues is less than or equal to the RES power-generation cost, a traditional thermal power regional government adopts a cooperative no-sharing strategy, while an RES regional government selects the opposite strategy. However, under the optimized dynamic proportional allocation schema, it is more likely that the traditional thermal power regional government will prefer cooperative sharing strategies, which can promote the social value of RES. This study provides beneficial inspiration for the Chinese government to further improve its RPS policy. The RES consumption fulfilled by direct or indirect trans-regional energy cooperation can be included in the RPS index framework assigned to traditional thermal power energy regions, and the added environmental value should be regarded as being as crucial as the economic and energy factors are in the cooperative process. In addition, RES regions that contribute more to clean energy absorption should raise the weight of the RPS rewards.
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Durrani, Shazia Farhat, Inayatullah Jan, and Sidra Pervez. "Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Disaggregated Analysis." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.625.
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This study addresses the research question of how renewable and non-renewable energy consumption (EC) affects economic growth (GDP) in Pakistan over a period of 1972-2015. The study extends the basic production function having labor and capital as the mainstream variables by adding major energy sources of Pakistan. The results of Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test confirm that no causality exists between GDP and labor force and bidirectional causality exists between GDP and gross capital formation. Moreover, the results confirm a unidirectional relationship (growth hypothesis) between hydroelectricity consumption (HEC) and nuclear energy consumption (NEC) and a bidirectional relationship (feedback hypothesis) between fossil fuel consumption (FFC) and GDP, respectively. The findings suggest for an efficient utilization of existing energy resources along with diversification and expansion of the renewable energy resources. The study recommends for the government policy to avoid energy conservation as it can hamper GDP growth in Pakistan.
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Karim, Karim, Islam, Muhammad-Sukki, Bani, and Muhtazaruddin. "Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 5774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205774.
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Bangladesh’s constant growth with an annual 6% plus Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for more than the last two decades and achievements in other socio-economic metrics in recent times is impressive and recognized by various global authoritative bodies. The extent of overwhelming economic ventures in the private sector coupled with the commitments of the government clearly demonstrates the transformation of the country from a primarily agro-based economy to one influenced by the manufacturing and service sectors. Bangladesh is fortunate to have fossil fuel reserves on a limited scale, though these are not enough to run the ongoing massive scale development activities, both in private and public sectors. Thus, the constant and uninterrupted supply of energy at an affordable price remains a serious concern for the successive governments. Therefore, this issue of supply of constant energy has turned to be an important part in the national development agenda. Besides, the country is one of the worst victim nations of the devastating effects of global warming and climate change. As Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable place in the world map with the availability of plenty of renewable energy sources (RES), the policymakers started to take initiatives leading to exploiting these sources to meet the energy demand of the country. There are both prospects and administrative, legal, technological, socio-cultural and environmental challenges. To address these challenges, it requires comprehensive policy initiatives. A good number of technical and scientific research containing findings and recommendations are available. This paper, which is based on adopting a qualitative research methodology where the contents of secondary sources were analyzed, is an initial attempt to highlight the renewable energy developments in Bangladesh, and subsequently, to evaluate the relevant legal and policy initiatives in the light of international best practices. We advance several recommendations that the stakeholders can consider exploiting RES effectively to attain inclusive, equitable and sustainable development in Bangladesh. These include, inter alia: (1) Enhancing government participation to lead the development of renewable energy (RE); (2) ensuring localization of RE technology; (3) reducing the expenses of energy generation through RES and providing assistance in initial investments; (4) introducing comprehensive legal and regulatory policy for the development of RE industry in Bangladesh; and (5) conducting effective public awareness.
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Maroufmashat, Azadeh, and Michael Fowler. "Policy Considerations for Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Incentives: Case Study in Canada." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 3 (August 23, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9030038.
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Transportation accounts for more than 20% of the total Greenouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Canada. Switching from fossil fuels to more environmentally friendly energy sources and to Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) is a promising option for future transportation but well to wheel emission and charging/refuelling patterns must also be considered. This paper investigates the barriers to and opportunities for electric charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure incentives in Ontario, Canada and estimates the number of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) that would be offset by infrastructure incentives. The paper also assesses the potential of electric and hybrid-electric powertrains to enable GHG reductions, explores the impact of the electricity supply mix for supporting zero-emission vehicles in different scenarios and studies the effect of the utility factor for PHEVs in Ontario. The authors compare the use of electric vehicle charging infrastructures and hydrogen refueling stations regarding overall GHG emission reductions for an infrastructure incentive funded by a 20-million-dollar government grant. The results suggest that this incentive can provide infrastructure that can offset around 9000 ICEVs vehicles using electricity charging infrastructure and 4000–8700 when using hydrogen refuelling stations. Having appropriate limitations and policy considerations for the potential 1.7 million electric-based vehicles that may be in use by 2024 in Ontario would result in 5–7 million tonne GHG avoidances in different scenarios, equivalent to the removal of 1–1.5 million ICEVs from the road.
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Bednarczyk, Jan L., Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup, and Sławomir Luściński. "Opportunities and Limitations of Hydrogen Energy in Poland against the Background of the European Union Energy Policy." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155503.
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One of the strategic goals of developed countries is to significantly increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation. However, the process may be hindered by, e.g., the storage and transport of energy from renewable sources. The European Union countries see the development of the hydrogen economy as an opportunity to overcome this barrier. Therefore, since 2020, the European Union has been implementing a hydrogen strategy that will increase the share of hydrogen in the European energy mix from the current 2 percent to up to 13–14 percent by 2050. In 2021, following the example of other European countries, the Polish government adopted the Polish Hydrogen Strategy until 2030 with an outlook until 2040 (PHS). However, the implementation of the strategy requires significant capital expenditure and infrastructure modernisation, which gives rise to question as to whether Poland is likely to achieve the goals set out in the Polish Hydrogen Strategy and European Green Deal. The subject of the research is an analysis of the sources of financing for the PHS against the background of solutions implemented by the EU countries and a SWOT/TOWS analysis on the hydrogen economy in Poland. The overall result of the SWOT/TOWS analysis shows the advantage of strengths and related opportunities. This allows for a positive assessment of the prospects for the hydrogen economy in Poland. Poland should continue its efforts to take advantage of the external factors (O/S), such as EU support, an increased price competitiveness of hydrogen, and the emergence of a competitive cross-border hydrogen market in Europe. At the same time, the Polish authorities should not forget about the weaknesses and threats that may inhibit the development of the domestic hydrogen market. It is necessary to modernise the infrastructure; increase the share of renewable energy sources in hydrogen production; increase R&D expenditure, and, in particular, to complete the negotiations related to the adoption of the Fit for 55 package.
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Liu, Xing Min, Hong Ren, Yong Wu, and Liang Yu Guo. "Policy Design and Evaluation for Demonstration Projects of Application of Renewable Energy Sources to Buildings in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1254.
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In recent years, Chinese Government adopts series of policies and actions to advance the building application of the renewable energy resources. Based on the policies for demonstration projects of application of renewable energy sources to buildings (ARESB) in China, this article discusses the policy systems for the demonstration projects in all aspects, including application and review systems, supervision and administration systems, inspection and assessment systems, and the whole policy systems are based on promoting the advance techniques, practicalities, reasonable economy, demonstration and generalization meaning of ARESB. Based on the actual construction and operation of the demonstration projects, the article also analyzes and evaluates the implementation effects and suitability in different areas concerning each technical type, and then analyzes and evaluates issues existing in the implementation of the policies for the demonstration projects of ARESB, with further policy suggestions provided.
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Balmer, M. "Energy poverty and cooking energy requirements: The forgotten issue in South African energy policy?" Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i3a3380.
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Cooking energy is a necessary input for satisfying the basic human need of survival. Much has been written about poverty, energy, development, envi-ronment and gender, but unfortunately, recent poli-cies adopted by the South African government have completely failed to adequately address the issue. The focus of energy and most notably renewable energy policy has shifted form the previous approach of increasing access to energy sources for low-income households to addressing climate change issues. Pro-poor policies have suffered and important fuel such as wood fuel is not addressed. It is argued that without adequately addressing ther-mal requirements of low-income households, ener-gy poverty cannot be addressed. The aim of the paper is firstly, to contextualise cooking and cooking energy within a framework of household energy, poverty, multiple fuel use and gender issues and secondly, to provide an overview of the cost and externalities associated with household cooking. Lastly, the paper proposes interventions to address cooking energy in a sustainable manner in South Africa.
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Knyazev, Yuriy Konstantinovich. "The features of Slovenia ecological policy." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 264 (317)—272 (324). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2104-01.
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In Slovenia, there is an urgent problem of limiting the harmful effects of economic activities that deteriorate the living conditions of people, animals and fl ora. The state is taking measures to encourage residents to stay in their home towns and take care of their arrangement and development, the preservation of natural resources and a comfortable environment for people. Numerous public organizations of civil society play an important role in this. This article outlines the features of the modern environmental policy of Slovenia, carried out within the framework of the general line of the European Union, aimed at the phasing out of carbon fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. The article analyzes Slovenian official documents, setting out the country's environmental strategy, progress in the implementation of plans for energy and climate measures until 2030, the current state of the energy sector and its compliance with the planned tasks. The author's assessment of the efficiency of the environmental policy carried out in Slovenia and its possible results is presented. It is stated that although the indicators of improving the environmental situation are gradually increasing, the emission of harmful gases is decreasing, and the efficiency of the use of energy and raw materials is improving, Slovenia still lags behind the European average in most of these indicators. Meanwhile, it has a relatively high share of renewable energy sources in its total production. This is achieved through budget subsidies for the energy produced from renewable energy sources so that its price does not exceed the market level. Significant monetary resources are spent to apply a wide range of incentive measures. Therefore, the government is forced to seek opportunities to further increase the funding for environmental activities, in particular through European Union funds, including assistance to fight the coronavirus pandemic. English version of the article on pp. 317-324 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/features-of-the-environmental-policy-in-slovenia/66114.html
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Neves Filho, Antonio Otto, Alisson Souza de Oliveira, Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor Marques, and Eliana Alcantra. "Bioenergy in Brazil: the current scenario of the energy matrix and the biofuel production." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 5 (March 28, 2021): 478–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.005.0038.
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Due to its diversified composition, with predominance of renewable sources encouraged by the government over the years, Brazil is one of the countries that stand out in the international energy scene. Likewise, the use of biofuels, biodiesel and ethanol was increased from 2012 to 2018. This study aims to analyze the supply of energy from renewable sources, its participation in the National Interconnected System – SIN, and the part of biofuels regulated by the National Petroleum Agency - ANP to supply the vehicle fleet besides the other equipment with internal combustion engines, in order to evaluate the growing national use of renewable energy sources. The analyzed data demonstrated Brazil's tendency to migrate its energy matrix to a clean and sustainable production model, both for electric power generation and for fuel production. Ethanol has increased its space for direct supply as in addition to gasoline. The biodiesel had growth by the policy of gradual addition to the diesel, besides being added to the generation of electric energy.
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Ngwakwe, Collins. "Examining possible relationship between carbon finance availability and growth of wind energy." Journal of Governance and Regulation 3, no. 3 (2014): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v3_i3_c1_p3.
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This paper evaluates the possible relationship between carbon fund availability and the growth of wind energy. This has become apposite considering global quest for renewable energies as a veritable option for carbon reduction and sustainable development. Whilst some extant literature blames delay in climate policy as an obstacle to green energy, others regard carbon finance availability as a booster to renewable energy. Raging argument is that similar to any other investment, renewable energy finance availability may mar or catalyse growth in renewable energy. Consequently, in this paper, a conceptual overview of carbon finance and renewable energy is undertaken and a test of the relationship between the World Bank carbon finance availability and wind energy growth is conducted. The result indicates a significant positive relationship between World Bank carbon financing and global growth in wind energy. The paper thus concludes that aside from policy options, renewable energy financing seems to be a contributory catalyst that may spur improvement in global renewable energy. The paper highlights that achieving green economic development in developing countries would depend, not only on climate policies alone, but also on sustainable financing. Hence government and private sources of funding is very desirable in achieving global green economic development, most importantly, for developing economies. The paper thus offers a research agenda on awareness creating for local and international sources of green energy for developing countries.
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Tafrikhatin, Asni, Hendi Purnata, Rafli Hafid Kusuma, Anggi Faisal Efendi, and Guffaro Mahfud. "Wind Speed Analysis Study for Wind Power Plant in Kebumen." Jurnal E-Komtek (Elektro-Komputer-Teknik) 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/e-komtek.v5i2.698.
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Reserves of fossil energy sources are starting to run low, so the government has launched renewable energy sources. The National Energy Policy (KEN) targets Indonesia by 2025 to use renewable energy sources of 23% of its energy needs. Because of this, the government has started opening places that have the potential for generating renewable energy, especially the areas where PLN electricity cannot reach, withincluding the southern coastal area of Kebumen.. The wind potential in this coastal area of Java Island meets the criteria for a Wind Power Plant. The purpose of this research was to analyze the wind potential in the southern coastal area of Kebumen. The specific purpose of this study was to determine the wind speed and the location and calculate the power generated by the wind in the southern coastal area of Kebumen to determine the potential of PLTB in Kebumen area. The stages of this research consisted of retrieval of secondary data, analysis using Excel, and power analysis using HOMER. Based on wind speed data from NASA, the southern coastal area of Kebumen is suitable for making PLTB, especially Buayan and Ayah, because the wind speed between 2016-2020 is 2.15 m/s. Then, the power produced annually in these places, based on the HOMER application, was 86.50 kWh/year.
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Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka, Theophilus Uwoghiren, Philip Olufemi Babalola, Stephen C. Nwanya, Oluwaseun Kilanko, Richard Olufemi Leramo, Abraham K. Aworinde, Tunde Adekeye, Joseph A. Oyebanji, and Olatunde A. Abidakun. "Assessment of Decentralized Electricity Production from Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0009.
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AbstractThis paper presents technical and economic assessment of a hybrid energy system for electricity generation in rural communities in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study was based on a 500 rural household model having an electric load of 493 kWh per day. To simulate long-term continuous implementation of the hybrid system, 21 years (1992 – 2012) hourly mean global solar radiation and wind speed data for the selected sites were used. The mean annual wind speed and solar radiation for the locations ranged from 2.31 m/s for Warri to 3.52 m/ s for Maiduguri and 4.53 kWh/m2 for Warri to 5.92 kWh/m2 for Maiduguri, respectively. These weather data were used for simulation with the Micro-power Optimization Model software HOMER. From the optimum results of the hybrid system,Warri has the highest NPC and COE of $2,441,222 and $0.721/kWh, respectively while Maiduguri has the least NPC and COE of $2,225,387 and $0.658/kWh, respectively for the 21 years project lifespan. The high value of COE for Warri is due to its low renewable energy resource while low COE for Maiduguri is due to its high renewable energy resource. The Northern part of the country has ample renewable energy resource availability and with a strong political will, optimal utilization of these renewable resources (solar and wind) can be actualized. Researchers, Industrialists, Policy Makers and the Nigerian government should therefore seize this opportunity in developing a sustainable energy through utilization of abundant renewable energy resources in the country.
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Sękulski, Łukasz, and Stefan Żuchowski. "Financing sources of pro-ecological investments in the field of renewable Energy in Poland - an overview of the support mechanisms." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900099.
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In view of an increasing trend in energy consumption and EU pressure on using sources of low greenhouse gas emission, Poland is facing an unprecedented challenge following increasing dependence from energy imports and also a necessity of climate change reduction. The target of this study is the presentation of investment financing mechanisms favoring environmental protection through the introduction of systems based on energy respect and renewable sources. This study is an analysis of the material of financial law, resolutions and trends in the pro-ecological policy of the state and self-government programs for environmental protection, ecological plans and priorities.
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Jain, Meenal, Meenakshi Mital, and Matt Syal. "Solar Energy Policy for Commercial Buildings Sector: Recommendations for the Indian Scenario." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 4, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2202014.
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India is a rapidly developing nation and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Renewable energy presents an attractive solution to the growing challenges concerning energy needs. Solar energy is abundant in India, and thus, its application and use are rapidly advancing. This study assesses various government initiatives for off-grid Solar Photovoltaic/Solar Water Heating systems for commercial establishments in India and elucidates the need for improvements in their implementation, highlighting the problems in availing the incentives. The study was conducted in six states/Union Territories (UTs) of India, which were selected based on their total installed solar capacity. Questionnaires and secondary sources were used as tools for data collection. Policy recommendations were proposed to improve the policy structure and address the problems reported by the stakeholders. A key feature of the recommended policy framework is the inclusion of stakeholders at every stage to make the process efficient. The findings and recommendations in the study might make the government initiatives for increasing the off-grid installations in the commercial buildings sector more acceptable and easier to implement.
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Hajimineh, Rahmat, and Amir Mohammad Moghani. "The important factors of Saudi Arabian policymaking in renewable energy resources." Future Energy 2, no. 2 (May 15, 2023): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.2.2.4.
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There is no doubt that Saudi Arabia exports the most oil. The country has considered notable investments in Renewable Energy to diversify its economy and decrease dependence on oil export. The research aims to analyze the key factors that have influenced Saudi Arabia's renewable energy policy. The main question of our article is: What are the influential factors in Saudi Arabia's energy policy on renewable energy sources? In response, the research hypothesizes that the growing energy consumption of Saudi Arabia and its favorable geographical location for renewable energy production caused the country to invest in renewable energy for its energy mix, economy, and carbon emission reductions. To investigate the research hypothesis, we have used the theoretical framework of energy security by Benjamin Sovacool. The findings show that Saudi Arabia’s capital investments in renewable energy provide opportunities for the government to create a modern industry that creates jobs and revenue with the support of the private sector. Furthermore, industries and residences use renewable energy for electricity. Therefore, renewable energy has decreased fossil fuel dependence and diversification of the country's energy mix consumption. Data are collected through the library method. The analysis method is descriptive.
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Hassan, Mabroor, Manzoor K. Afridi, and Muhammad I. Khan. "An overview of alternative and renewable energy governance, barriers, and opportunities in Pakistan." Energy & Environment 29, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x17743036.
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High demand of energy for increasing economic growth, inadequate resources, pollution from power generation, inconsistent oil prices, and fickle supplies have triggered governments to develop long-term and secure energy sources. Alternative and renewable energy sources are an anticipation of securing long term, clean, and sustainable future of energy. This paper presents the current energy scenario of Pakistan, the share of renewables, analysis of alternative and renewable energy governance, barriers and opportunities for Pakistan in adopting alternative and renewable energy. It highlights development potential for alternative and renewable energy and issues related to energy governance to achieve the target of 5% share in the energy mix by 2030. The results indicated substantial gaps in alternative and renewable energy policy which is likely to freak the benefits of opportunities and government targets. The findings of this article identified the lack of mechanism to cooperate, poor integration of alternative and renewable energy technologies, underprivileged domestic manufacturing, no portfolio standards for bioenergy, and the dearth of research and development. Additionally, the study had furnished the barriers and opportunities in detail for endowment of alternative and renewable energy resources to assure sustainable energy security of Pakistan.
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Shin, Rachel, and Cory Searcy. "Evaluating the Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Craft Beer Industry: An Assessment of Challenges and Benefits of Greenhouse Gas Accounting." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 4191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114191.
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A growing number of companies in the brewery industry have made commitments to measure and reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, many brewers, particularly craft brewers with relatively low rates of production, have not made such commitments. The purpose of this research was to investigate the challenges and benefits of measuring and reducing GHG emissions in the craft brewery industry. The research was conducted in Ontario, Canada, which has seen strong recent growth in the craft brewery industry. A case study and semi-structured interviews among Ontario Craft Brewers were conducted. The case study found that indirect (scope 3 GHGs under the WBCSD & WRI GHG Protocol) GHG sources accounted for 46.4% of total GHGs, with major sources from barley agriculture, malted barley transportation, and bottle production. Direct emissions (scope 1) accounted for only 14.9% of GHGs, while scope 2 emissions, comprised mainly of energy consumption, accounted for 38.7% of GHGs. The case study used case company primary data, and secondary data such as emission factors from external sources. The case study and interviews found that the main challenges in calculating brewery GHGs are secondary data availability, technical knowledge, and finances. The semi-structured interviews, which used prepared interview questions and probes to encourage follow-up answers, also found that the main benefits for Ontario breweries to measure their GHGs include sustainability marketing and preserving the environment. The interviews also found a poor understanding of carbon regulation among Ontario Craft Brewers, which is interesting considering that Ontario implemented a provincial cap and trade program in 2017.
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Abbasi, Kashif, Zhilun Jiao, Muhammad Shahbaz, and Arman Khan. "Asymmetric impact of renewable and non-renewable energy on economic growth in Pakistan: New evidence from a nonlinear analysis." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (July 30, 2020): 1946–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720946496.
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This paper explores the asymmetric relationship between renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy, and terrorism on economic growth of Pakistan. We applied a novel econometric cointegration method known as a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag modeling (NARDL). Our empirical findings indicate that positive and negative changes have a significant long-run asymmetric relationship between renewable energy, and terrorism on economic growth. We also found a negative and significant effect of non-renewable energy consumption on economic growth. To keep our environment clean and free of emissions, the study specifies policies that rely on renewable energy sources to boost economic growth. However, reduces terrorism has a positive impact on economic growth in the long-run and shows as an influential tool to combat terrorism in Pakistan. These novel results will help policy-makers and government officials to understand better the role of renewable energy and economic growth in Pakistan's development.
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Akinwale, Yusuf Opeyemi. "Awareness and Perceptions of University Students in the Business College towards Energy Savings and Renewable Energy Sources in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 3 (May 18, 2022): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13004.
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Achieving sustainable development goals and realizing the goal of Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and Glasglow Climate Pact to keep the world temperature rise lower than 2o C above pre-industrial levels, there is a need to engage some of the stakeholders who are part of the energy users in a society. Majority of the Saudi citizens are youths and a large number of them are still undergoing university education. This study assessed the awareness, perception and attitudes of university students in the college of business towards energy savings and renewable energy (RE) in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The results using descriptive analysis revealed that the level of awareness of students about energy savings and renewable energy is at medium level. While few of them are concerned about energy-savings and RE usage, many of them are indifferent, which could be as a result of their poor knowledge and awareness about it. At least 3 out of 5 students believed that fossil fuels have negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression indicate that there is no statistical difference between gender, age and awareness of energy savings and RE. More so, the results also show that energy education and family factors are statistically significant in influencing students’ awareness of energy savings and RE. Appropriate government policy in university academic curriculum which incorporates energy savings and renewable energy education is recommended in order to realize the government Vision 2030 which is also in line with the UN Climate goal.
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Harun, G., S. Sarip, A. Y. Abdul Fatah, H. M. Kaidi, and N. Abd Rahim. "Wind, hydro and solar energy challenges for Technical Vocational and Training (TVET) electrical entrepreneur in Malaysia: A review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2053, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2053/1/012012.
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Abstract Renewable energy is one of the alternative energy resources in Malaysia to replace fossil fuel use, which is an important issue that needs to be established. Some of the possible renewable energy sources are wind, hydro and solar. Since 2019, various incentives announced by the Malaysian Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (KeTSA) to enhance renewable energy development which is in line with Government Energy policy. However, today, in contrast to the participation of investors and international contractors, the presence of entrepreneurs and domestic workers in this sector is feeble. In this regard, the Technical Vocational and Training (TVET) institution is seen to have the potential to minimize this crisis by creating competent, skilled and competitive electrical entrepreneurs for the field of renewable energy. This paper explores the ability of TVET electrical entrepreneurs to participate in renewable energy businesses. Based on the literature on energy entrepreneur development, it was found that the TVET electrical entrepreneur faces four challenges, namely financial, technology costs, logistics and government support. The proposed future development of renewable energy is in Mini-hydro and solar photovoltaic (PV), while wind power does not seem viable to TVET electricity entrepreneurs.
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Karpenko, Valery, and Honghao Yuan. "Economic tools for integration of alternative energy into the energy system of China." University Economic Bulletin, no. 49 (May 22, 2021): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-49-87-96.
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The relevance of the research topic is determined by special attention to the development of «green» energy in the state policy of the People's Republic of China. The problem of the development of the Chinese energy sector is the shift of priorities to the search for alternative, clean energy sources that will replace oil and gas. Analysis of recent publications ensures in a persistent interest in the problems of alternative energy in the majority of countries implementing stable economic growth. According to the authors, the processes of integration of alternative energy into the energy system of China, a country with high rates of economic growth, remain unexplored. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the choice of economic instruments for the integration of alternative energy into the energy system of China. The research methods used in the work are comparison, grouping, systems approach, formalization, axiomatic method, analogies, abstraction and modeling. Results of work. Within the framework of this study, the dynamics of changes in the structure of energy consumption in China has been studied, from the point of view of energy sources. China's energy policy issues go hand in hand with its economic policy goals. The country needs to support rapid development and economic growth, but in a much less energy-intensive way. This is widely recognized by the Chinese government, but significant changes in energy consumption versus production could mean major changes in its economic structure. The field of application of the research results is the energy policy of the state, aimed at the greening of life. Findings. The transition to renewable energy is inevitable, so the question is how best to manage this process while minimizing the total cost of energy services and the cost of damage caused by energy use. The combination of energy efficient and renewable energy sources will eventually replace the existing traditional energy system, which is dominated by fossil fuels. The most important factor for such an early transition is the need to address the problem of catastrophic climate change.
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Satpute, Vaibhav, and Anand Jawanjal. "Tapping Sun Energy coupled with affordable Energy Storage – Future Game Changer." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (S) (July 10, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.icsesd201707.
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Sun provides abundant source of renewable energy that can be integrated with the electrical grid. Climate change issues have compelled policy makers to look into various ways to reduce carbon footprint and use green, renewable energy. Solar power, along with other alternative sources for energy, is quite popular these days. Talking about Solar, the primary disadvantage of solar power is that it obviously cannot be created during the night and power generated is also reduced during times of cloud cover. Energy Storage is a flexible asset that provides unprecedented flexibility in grid optimization. Cost effective solar energy storage methods are urgently needed due to the increased demand for solar power and due to its variability. But in today’s scenario, energy storage systems are not commercially economic for all customers, and that to more work needs to be done by industry, government, and regulators to support the continuing cost reductions. It is expected that the Energy Storage costs would slide to 41% by 2020.The value that solar and storage can together add to the energy system is leading to a more efficient, cleaner, and more secure future. However, solar energy storage becomes critical when unsteady sources of energy provide. Thus, affordable energy storage system along with the cheaper Solar energy would be lethal combination making an ultimate Game Changer for the Power Industry and Sustainability.
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Schneeweiss, Elisabeth. "On the Way to a Sustainable Energy Policy in Japan and South Korea." Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 159–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2013-0007.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the sustainability of Japan’s and South Korea’s energy policies. For the analysis, categories framed by Holgar Rogall for identifying a sustainable energy policy were used. Using official data from the UN and government authorities of both countries as well as secondary literature, a comparison of international goals and legal norms and an analysis of developments in energy policy since 1990 were conducted. Their results show that Japan and South Korea pursue quite different energy policies. In more than half of the criteria, Japan can be seen as having a sustainable energy policy. The country still has to improve its use of energy sources, as it is too dependent on fossil fuels and thus needs to accelerate the development of renewable energies. South Korea’s energy policy, however, cannot yet be classified as sustainable. The government still rejects international commitments regarding climate change, a conclusion that is reflected in development since 1990: greenhouse gases rising at a high speed, coupled with low energy efficiency and dependence on fossil fuels. Despite sharing the same basic conditions, the energy policies of Japan and South Korea differ fundamentally.