Academic literature on the topic 'Renewable energy sources – Government policy – Ontario'
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Journal articles on the topic "Renewable energy sources – Government policy – Ontario"
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Whittingham, Nathaniel. "How wind turbines are not generating green energy: An economic review of the Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act." SURG Journal 7, no. 2 (June 16, 2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v7i2.2894.
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The Ontario Government passed the Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act in 2009. The Act promoted wind turbines and solar panels as a major component of the energy supply for the Province of Ontario as a replacement for coal-fired electricity generation plants. This article provides an economic assessment of the rationales that were offered for this policy, specifically, that the Act would help the Government of Ontario reduce the province’s reliance on fossil fuels, reduce carbon emissions, and stimulate the economy through the creation of jobs. The effects of the policy on the cost of electricity in the province are also considered. The analysis concludes that the Act will not reduce the Province of Ontario’s reliance on fossil fuels due to the inefficiency and unpredictability of wind turbines, ultimately leading to the need to use energy from more readily available sources of electricity such as gas. The need for fossil fuel backup also limits the potential to reduce the green house gas emissions.
Keywords: Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act (2009); renewable energy; economic review
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CHARNOVITZ, STEVE, and CAROLYN FISCHER. "Canada–Renewable Energy: Implications for WTO Law on Green and Not-So-Green Subsidies." World Trade Review 14, no. 2 (April 2015): 177–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000063.
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AbstractIn the first dispute on renewable energy to come to WTO dispute settlement, the domestic content requirement of Ontario's feed-in tariff was challenged as a discriminatory investment-related measure and as a prohibited import substitution subsidy. The Panel and Appellate Body agreed that Canada was violating the GATT and the TRIMS Agreement. But the SCM Article 3 claim by Japan and the European Union remains unadjudicated, because neither tribunal made a finding that the price guaranteed for electricity from renewable sources constitutes a ‘benefit’ pursuant to the SCM Agreement. Although the Appellate Body provides useful guidance to future Panels on how the existence of a benefit could be calculated, the most noteworthy aspect of the new jurisprudence is the Appellate Body's reasoning that delineating the proper market for ‘benefit’ analysis entails respect for the policy choices made by a government. Thus, in this dispute, the proper market is electricity produced only from wind and solar energy.
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Karanasios, Konstantinos, and Paul Parker. "Technical solution or wicked problem?" Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 322–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-11-2017-0085.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the issues related to the deployment of renewable electricity technologies (RETs) in remote indigenous communities by examining the views of key informants in a remote northern Ontario community through the lens of a wicked problem approach, with the goal to identify policy direction and strategies for the further development of renewable electricity projects. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses semi-structured interviews with community key informants, informed discussions with community members and energy conference participants and literature reviews of academic, policy and utility documents as complementary data sources for triangulation of results. Findings According to informants, the complexity surrounding the deployment of RETs in remote Canadian indigenous communities is the result of different stakeholder perspectives on the issues that RETs are expected to address. Furthermore, institutional complexity of the electricity generation system and uncertainty over both the choice of off-grid renewable technology and the future of electricity generation systems structure and governance add to this complexity. Research limitations/implications Given the governments’ legal obligation to consult with indigenous people for projects within their territories, community perspectives provide insights for policy design to support both the deployment of RETs and address indigenous communities sustainability goals. Originality/value This paper offers views and opinions of community members from an off-grid Canadian indigenous community. Community members describe how they envision their electricity systems and the desired contribution of community owned renewable electricity generation to increase local control and economic development.
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Xin, Yongrong, Muhammad Khyzer Bin Dost, Hamza Akram, and Waqas Ahmad Watto. "Analyzing Pakistan’s Renewable Energy Potential: A Review of the Country’s Energy Policy, Its Challenges, and Recommendations." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316123.
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Pakistan’s dependence on imported fuels has led to a massive electrical shortfall, stifling the country’s socioeconomic growth. Pakistan’s energy gap is between 5000 and 8000 megawatts (MW), with a 6–8% yearly growth predicted, therefore, it needs more sustainable and renewable energy sources. Pakistan uses solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass for renewable energy. Pakistan needs cheap energy to support its economic growth. Most of the world’s energy is currently conventionally produced. The objective of this research is to analyze the opportunities that are afforded by renewable energy sources as well as the role that the government plays in the process of policy formulation. An examination of qualitative data from research works, journals, and government annual performance reports is presented. This study investigates renewable energy sources and government policy. According to the study, renewable energy resources are abundant. The renewable energy plan has no effect on real implementation. This research paper examines electricity restrictions, the transition to renewable energy sources, and Pakistan’s renewable energy policy difficulties. After analyzing the nation’s renewable energy potential, practical implications were made to promote it, for example 1710-megawatt wind installations. There are currently 217-megawatt biogas power stations being developed. Accelerating the energy transition to the nation’s future energy perspectives is a priority for sustainable development.
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Subagyo, Subagyo, J. P. Moh. Yanuar, P. N. Bambang, and A. Saleh. "Substitution of energy needs with renewable energy sources." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 927, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012032.
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Abstract The problem of global warming is a problem facing the world community. Since the Industrial Revolution’s birth, the use of energy from fuel oil (FF) has surged, and this causes an increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) resulting from burning fuel. This GHG is the cause of the rise in the earth’s temperature, which is estimated to one day, the earth is not comfortable and even no longer habitable. The solution to the problem is reducing GHGs that can be done by saving fuel use, which is replaced with renewable energy sources (REs). RE sources are obtained from the Solar Power Plant (SPP), Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP), Ocean Wave and Current Power Plant (OWPP and OCPP), Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Biodiversification Power Plant (BPP), Hybrid Power Plant. Besides, REs can also increase the overall electrification in Indonesia, such as in East Nusa Tenggara. However, the electrification rate is still low in quality. According to the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation 2014, the National Energy Policy mandates that energy mix from REs in 2025 is expected to reach 23%. This paper presents a literature review on new and renewable energy that can be considered early in their use.
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Hamidova, Lala, Arzuman Huseynov, and Elnara Samedova. "Challenges in Implementing Renewable Energy Sources in Azerbaijan." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13636.
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The gradual reduction of fuel resources, their depletion, as well as volatility of fuel prices led to a growing interest of countries in the use of renewable energy sources. Despite the fact that energy production in Azerbaijan currently largely depends on development of hydrocarbon reserves in the country, nevertheless, development of renewable energy sources is certainly one of the strategic priorities of the government. The main objective of the research is to study the economic problems and institutional aspects of introduction of alternative energy in Azerbaijan and develop recommendations to stimulate production of renewable energy. With the help of methods of comparative analysis and dynamic comparisons, the state of development of alternative and renewable sources in Azerbaijan was analyzed. The results of the study show that in order to increase the production of renewable energy it is necessary to take a number of measures in this area: improve legislation, introduce state incentives for consumers of alternative energy, apply a green tariff to attract investment, ensure transparency and consistency of energy policy.
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Bansal, Ayush. "Potential and Achievement of Renewable Energy sources in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38800.
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Abstract: Pure and environmentally friendly energy is of significant interest these days. It is one of the key enablements in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), accelerating social progress, and raising the standard of living. This work seeks broad insights into the Indian renewable energy framework, policy, approach, and socio-economic challenges. These include grid-independent and specific activities such as 'Utility-Scale Power Generation, Potential Multiple Geographies in India' and the Government of India's current achievements in advancing renewable energy production. Although much progress and progress has been made in the last decade of alternative energy maturation and expansion, improvements can be sought to increase the use of solar energy for conventional energy sources in India. Keywords: Solar Panels, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development Goals, power generation, cleaner fuels
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BESPALYY, Sergey. "Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.3(51).03.
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The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.
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Milčiuvienė, Kiršienė, Doheijo, Urbonas, and Milčius. "The Role of Renewable Energy Prosumers in Implementing Energy Justice Theory." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 5286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195286.
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In recent years, the use of photovoltaic-based distributed electricity generation has played a key role in achieving climate and energy policy goals. The energy market is changing rapidly from centralized generation towards unbundling generation, transmission, distribution, and supply activities. As energy consumers also become producers, a new energy market player—the prosumer—is emerging. The role of the prosumer as a market player can be analyzed in terms of implemented technological solutions, economic assessment, environmental impact, and legal regulation requirements. The aim of this article is to investigate the importance and compatibility of energy prosumers with energy justice theory in the context of European Union (EU) law. The authors concluded first that an energy prosumer will help to meet energy justice goals only if government ensures support for generation facilities for low-income consumers, as only then can intrageneration equity be achieved. Second, seeking to ensure equality among places with different energy sources, the government should promote the development of generation facilities using different renewable energy sources. Third, the short-term electricity market, which may allow energy prosumers to participate, should be developed.
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Kaman, Zeittey Karmilla, Siti Fatihah Salleh, and Waznatol Widad Mohamad Ishak. "RENEWABLE ENERGY AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.738.
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Research Highlights
This paper aims to assess the current progress of RE in this country and identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards RE policy development. The extensive review presented in this work offers a useful reference for policy makers, corporate managers and researchers who have vested interest in business sustainability and renewable energy related studies.
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Research Objectives
The objectives of this study is to explore the evolving concept of business sustainability towards environmental concern and to identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards Malaysia’s policy development on RE deployment.
Methodology
This is conceptual paper where the authors tend to make the analysis by exploring particular theories on business sustainability, renewable energy (RE), and the engagement of RE activities on Malaysia policy development.
Results
All energy sources have some impact and benefit on our environment. For instance, renewable energy (RE) is energy resource that naturally replenished over time and always can be generated such as solar, wind and hydro energy. However, if the rate of use exceeds the rate of renewal, gradually it will become unsustainable. Thus, to have a sustainable energy which defined as energy production that can last for the foreseeable future is crucial and become main focus of recent national policies, strategies and development plan as of many countries. Malaysia energy consumption still heavily depended on the non- renewable energies (RE) such as fossil fuel and natural gases. Unfortunately, the use of the non-RE is unsustainable and can contribute adversely towards the environment and economic performance of a country. Renewable energy is brought to play as it is believed sustainable and has the potential to thrive in infinitely competitive market of contemporary business nowadays. Therefore, in 2009, the government of Malaysia has announced a National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (NREPAP) as part of their commitment to accelerate the growth of RE as an alternatives energy sources for the coming years. Moving onwards, a strong policy is needed to tackle the challenges in meeting the demand, energy security and also the affordability of energy pricing. Thus, in energy security dimension, perhaps the government should put attention on renewable energy by engaging more on the alternative mechanism to deploy RE capacity through program such as Large-Scale Solar PV, Net Metering as at current practices and also other new initiative like green certificates. The exploration on new RE resource such as wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) also could assist in build up a new opportunity to enlarge the share of renewable energy mix percentage and ensure the future energy security (UNDP, 2007)
Findings
The energy industry is changing fast and in multiple directions. It is also regularly known as the catalyst for development in a country. Realizing the importance of energy as a vital dimension in economic and social development, the government of Malaysia has been continuously reviewing its energy policy and practices to ensure long-term sustainability, reliability and security of energy supply (Mohamed & Lee, 2006). The private sector even the communities should also be more corporate in social responsibilities and make compromises for instance by participating in green programs and accepting longer payback periods in RE projects. Nevertheless, continuous efforts and strong support from the societies are vital to ensure RE development can reach its maximum potential. This effort is also supported by (Dincer, 2000) and (Wutenhagen, Wolsink, & Buer, 2007) where they are stressed that increases the public awareness and acceptance on RE, it is as the initial step to make the sustainable energy program successful. This is done through the media, professional organizations, public and government channels. In conclusion, since there is still insufficient insight to critically reasoning the RE development in aspect of business and sustainability, the paper insists to contributes more to the research on energy policies enhancement in Malaysia particularly. This could be a challenge on governing agenda that involves a series of tradeoffs, market players, organizations and companies (Oliveira, 2018) and these efforts are important to ensure the future success of the RE development in Malaysia.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) for the fund granted through the Internal Grant (UNIIG2019), Project code: J510050852.
References
Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2), 157–175.
Mohamed, A. R., & Lee, K. T. (2006). Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy. Energy Policy, 34(15), 2388–2397.
Oliveira, R. L. De. (2018). Powering the future : Malaysia ’ s energy policy challenges. Kuala Lumpur: IDEAS Policy Research Berhad.
UNDP, United Nations Development Programme. (2007). Energy and Poverty in Malaysia: Challenges and the Way Forward. UNDP.
Wutenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., & Buer, M. J. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35, 2683–2691.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Renewable energy sources – Government policy – Ontario"
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Valenti, Devan. "Diversifying South Africa's renewable energy mix through policy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96742.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is one of the most energy-intensive economies in the world, with around 90 per cent of its electricity generated using coal as a primary resource. As such, the South African energy system remains on a highly unsustainable path, and the potential for long-term growth and prosperity of the economy is thwarted. The alternative to conventional energy, renewable energy, has unfortunately been relatively slow to take off in the South Africa market. This is disappointing considering the country’s wealth of natural resources required for renewable energy generation. The potential of renewable energy to contribute to the South African energy mix is thus significant. The transition to a green economy, and subsequently a more sustainable energy future, is therefore achievable and realistic. However, national policies aimed at promoting the deployment of renewable energy have been thwarted by inconsistencies, lack of coordination, and proved relatively ineffective at increasing the country’s renewable energy capacity to its full potential. The recent policy changes from a feed-in tariff to a competitive tender approach dented investor confidence in the South African renewable energy industry significantly. Nevertheless, renewable energy policy in South Africa is still in its infancy, and valuable lessons are still to be learnt and incorporated into future policies going forward. A critical analysis of the current policy identifies the need for amendment to the structure of the policy landscape. The current policy strongly favours larger, more established and mature renewable technologies, whilst completely neglecting smaller and less mature ones. This not only results in a highly undiversified renewable energy mix, which has considerable negatives in itself, but also reduces the ability of the policy to capture a host of significant opportunities and advantages associated with small-scale renewable energy projects. The importance of diversifying South Africa’s renewable energy mix was therefore ones of the principal stances of this study, and intervention that ensured diversification within the industry was therefore vital. This study fundamentally designs and proposes a revised policy system that makes use of both competitive tenders and feed-in tariffs within the policy framework. In essence, this would allow for greater diversification within the renewable energy industry. The competitive tender component should be used for larger, more established technologies and projects, while the feed-in tariff should be used to drastically stimulate investment in smaller technologies and projects. By making use of a dual-mechanism system, the benefits associated with small-scale renewable energy projects can be realized without any noteworthy opportunity costs foregone. These benefits include diversification of the renewable energy mix; stimulation of smaller technologies; increased job creation; and stabilisation of supply volatility. This study recommends that the current renewable energy policy in South Africa be reassessed for both its relevancy within the South African context as well as its ability to effectively promote the deployment of alternative energy technologies. In an ever-changing and globalising world, where exogenous influences on national policies are stronger than ever, it becomes necessary and of utmost importance that policies are evaluated constantly in order to ensure their effectiveness is at optimal level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie is een van die energie-intensiefstes ter wêreld, met steenkool as hoofbron vir sowat 90 persent van die land se kragopwekking. Die Suid-Afrikaanse energiestelsel as sulks bly dus op 'n onstabiele pad, en die potensiaal vir langdurige ekonomiese groei en welvaart word geknel. As teenvoeter vir konvensionele krag het hernubare energie steeds stadig veld gewen in die plaaslike mark – wat teleurstellend is as die land se rykdom aan natuurlike bronne vir hernubare energie-opwekking in ag geneem word. Hernubare energie het dus 'n aansienlike potensiaal om tot die Suid-Afrikaanse energiemengsel by te dra. Die oorgang na 'n groen ekonomie, en gevolglik na 'n volhoubaarder energie-toekoms, is daarom bereikbaar en realisties. Nasionale beleide oor hoe die uitrol van hernubare energie bevorder word, is egter tot dusver gestrem deur ongereeldhede en 'n gebrek aan koördinasie, en was gevolglik relatief ondoeltreffend om die land se hernubare energiekapasiteit ten volle te verhoog. Die onlangse beleidsveranderinge vanaf 'n toevoertarief na 'n mededingende tenderbenadering het beleggersvertroue aansienlik geskaad. Suid-Afrika se hernubare energiebeleid is nietemin nog in sy kinderskoene, met kosbare lesse wat geleer kan word en vir die pad vorentoe in toekomsplanne ingewerk kan word. 'n Kritiese ontleding van die huidige beleid wys hoe nodig 'n aangepaste struktuur vir die beleidsraamwerk is. Die huidige beleid begunstig groter, meer gevestigde en ontwikkelde tegnologieë terwyl kleiner en minder ontwikkeldes heeltemal afgeskeep word. Dit het tot gevolg nie net 'n hoogs ongediversifiseerde mengsel van hernubare energie nie, wat op sigself 'n aantal nadele inhou, maar boonop verminder dit die beleid se vermoë om vele betekenisvolle geleenthede en voordele aan te gryp wat gepaard gaan met kleinskaalse projekte vir hernubare energie. Dat die diversifisering van Suid-Afrika se hernubare energiesamestelling belangrik is, was dus een van dié studie se hoofbenaderings, asook dat ingryping ter wille van diversifisering binne die bedryf onontbeerlik is. Hierdie studie bied 'n ingrypende ontwerp en voorstel vir 'n hersiene beleidstelsel, met mededingende tenders asook toevoertariewe binne die beleidsraamwerk. Dit sal in wese ruimte laat vir groter diversifikasie binne die hernubare energiebedryf. Die mededingende tendergedeelte behoort vir groter, meer gevestigde tegnologieë en projekte gebruik te word, terwyl die toevoertariewe kan dien om belegging in kleiner tegnologieë en projekte te stimuleer. Deur 'n stelsel van tweeledige meganismes kan die voordele van kleinskaalse hernubare energieprojekte realiseer sonder die inboet van noemenswaardige geleentheidskoste. Dié voordele sluit in, om enkeles te noem, die diversifikasie van die hernubare energie-toneel; die stimuleer van kleiner tegnologieë met gepaardgaande groter werkskepping; en toenemende plaaslike produkvervaardiging. Met dié studie word aanbeveel dat Suid-Afrika se huidige beleid oor hernubare energie heroorweeg word, rakende die relevansie daarvan binne die landskonteks asook die beleid se vermoë om die ontplooiing van alternatiewe energietegnologieë doeltreffend te bevorder. In 'n voortdurend veranderende en globaliserende wêreld, met buite-invloede op nasionale beleidsrigtings sterker as ooit, word dit noodsaaklik en uiters belangrik dat beleide voortdurend heroorweeg word om die doeltreffendheid daarvan op die gunstigste vlak te verseker.
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Friedman, Howard Lawrence. "Federal and state renewable energy policy : lessons from the late 1970's and early 1980's /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020318/.
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Abotah, Remal. "Evaluation of Energy Policy Instruments for the Adoption of Renewable Energy: Case of Wind Energy in the Pacific Northwest U.S." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2128.
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The wide use of renewable energy technologies for generating electricity can be seen as one way of meeting environmental and climate change challenges along with a progression to a low-carbon economy. A large number of policy instruments have been formed and employed to support the adoption of renewable energy technologies in the power generation sector. However, the success of these policies in achieving their goals relies on how effective they are in satisfying their targets and thus increasing renewable energy adoption. One measurement for effectiveness of policy instruments can be their contribution to the input of the process of renewable energy adoption and their effect on satisfying regional goal.
The objective of this research is evaluate the effectiveness of energy policy instruments on increasing the adoption of renewable energy by developing a comprehensive evaluation model. Criteria used in this assessment depend on five perspectives that are perceived by decision makers as important for adoption process. The decision model linked the perspectives to policy targets and various energy policy instruments. These perspectives are: economic, social, political, environmental and technical. The research implemented the hierarchical decision model (HDM) to construct a generalized policy assessment framework. Data for wind energy adoption in the Pacific Northwest region were collected as a case study and application for the model. Experts' qualitative judgments were collected and quantified using the pair-wise comparison method and the final rankings and effectiveness of policy alternatives with respect to the mission were identified. Results of this research identified economic feasibility improvement of renewable energy projects as the most influential perspective and that renewable portfolio standards and tax credits are the two most effective criteria to accomplish that. The research also applied sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis to identify the effect of regional perspectives future priority changes on determining the most effective policy for this perspective. Results showed that renewable portfolio standards and tax credits were found to be the two most effective policies among the alternatives assessed. The research model and outcome can serve as policy check tool in policy making for renewable energy development in any region. Based on the overall research findings, policymakers can apply specific policy instruments to support adoption efforts for any given scenario and regional emphasis.
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Ong, Corinne. "Energy Paths and Political Commitments: Their Roles in Environmental Inequality." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500097/.
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Decentralized renewable energy procurement has gained traction in recent years for its potential to alleviate rural energy poverty and environmental degradation in developing countries. Hence, this study investigates if deploying renewable energy can mitigate rural energy poverty in developing countries as often claimed. Because any energy regime cannot be initiated or sustained without the conviction of local political leaders, the study also evaluates the extent to which government investments in the development of renewable energy technologies and the energy sector, affect the environmental quality (i.e. greenhouse gas emissions) of developing countries. Energetic theory and environmental inequality constitute the key conceptual premises guiding this study. Ordinary least squares regression is utilized to analyze the relationship between key variables. The results reveal that as of 2010, use of renewable energy can indeed support rural electrification. Higher GNI per capita and use of conventional fuels are also positively related to rural electrification, all else equal. As for environmental degradation in 2005 and 2008, R&D investments actually tend to increase GHG emissions; procuring energy from either renewable or non-renewable sources is however, found to be environmentally detrimental, net of all other variables. Finally, some evidence is found for the role of aid funds and multilateral debt in abating GHG emissions.
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Nelson, Edward. "Hydropower in Scotland : linking changing energy and environmental agendas with sustainability outcomes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20282.
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As the UK energy sector moves to a greater contribution from low-carbon and renewable sources it faces significant challenges in delivering affordability, security of supply and sustainability. Although hydropower in Scotland emerged on a large scale in the mid-20th century against an influential, changing wider context of energy policy, environmental regulation and debate, it is now subject to an evolving renewables agenda. This further shapes the national and scheme level characteristics of hydropower and in turn outcomes for the water environment. Contingent upon these considerations, hydropower regulation must now deliver on EU obligations to protect and improve the ecological status of water bodies, whilst also supporting domestic efforts to meet high profile binding renewable energy targets. Yet, despite an acknowledged potential for energy policy to constrain the delivery of water policy objectives, there is little policy harmonisation between disciplines. As Scotland orientates itself as a leader in Europe on climate change, transitioning to increasing amounts of renewable generation across a handful of technologies, there is a gap in knowledge about how specific renewable policies and trends can influence hydropower sustainability outcomes and regulatory challenges. This thesis therefore contributes an innovative and timely critical examination of the effect a changing wider renewable energy and policy context has on hydropower sustainability in Scotland, at a scheme and national level. This research uses an interdisciplinary, temporal analysis to identify linkages and create dialogue between disciplines and scales, informing the pursuit of sustainable renewable energy through policy and regulation in a changing world. It finds firstly, that the changing national generation mix towards an increased contribution from renewable sources, including potentially intermittent technologies such as wind power, has contributed to an alteration in the operational characteristics and reservoir variability profile of Cruachan pumped-storage scheme, presenting positive outcomes for reservoir littoral habitats. Secondly, it finds that whilst not operating in isolation, renewable energy incentive policies, through their eligibility criteria, financial reward frameworks and timing, influence hydropower characteristics and sustainability challenges, providing trade-offs but also synergies for hydropower regulation. Finally, it finds that there is a degree of divergence in hydropower outcomes and challenges in Scotland and Norway, due to the characteristics and especially interaction of wider contextual elements such as topography, profile of precipitation input, national energy needs and the role of regional and municipal government. By highlighting these linkages, this thesis is of value to energy policy and environmental regulation in Scotland and across the EU, and is seen as a first step in addressing these uncertainties and supporting a more integrated and sustainable hydropower and renewables governance framework.
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Cilliers, Bronwyn Lee. "An industry analysis of the South African biofuels industry." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9002.
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Biofuels have been used as an energy source for heating and cooking since the beginning of time. However, recent changes in the demand for energy, and in particular, renewable energy, have spurred the growth of liquid biofuel industries in developed countries. Many developing countries, including South Africa have the potential to produce biofuels with benefits extending into the economic and social spheres. Despite government commitments and targets, the South African biodiesel and bio-ethanol industries have stalled in the starting blocks. This research aims to assess the reasons why.
South Africa does not have the climate to compete with Brazil in bio-ethanol production and the scope for bioethanol is limited by environmental factors. However our neighbours show significantly more promise in this area. Biodiesel production is more likely to be commercially viable due to the country’s ability to grow oil crops and the need for the by-products.
Despite the availability of land for cultivation of energy crops, the required technology and suitable infrastructure, progress has been slow. Uncertainty, high risk and misdirected government interventions have hampered investment in the sector and those involved in biofuel projects are very negative about the government’s ability to stimulate the industry. Consequently, they are looking towards importing feedstock material and exporting the biofuel. This will create a limited number of jobs, but will be energy and carbon negative, and will not aid rural development.
Currently there is no medium or large scale virgin oil to biofuel producer operating in the country and the start-up dates for projects are beyond 2013. The WVO biodiesel industry has grown rapidly in the last five years but is limited to small scale operators with limited benefit potential.
With the exception of Brazil, other world leaders in biofuels are facing heavy criticism and the mechanisms used to initially boost the industry have very limited application in South Africa. The benefits of biofuel production in South Africa are plentiful and align well with social need and development goals.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Wilson, Kweku N. "The underlying differences in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions control and renewable energy : three European countries approaches to policy." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29843.
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Revells, Tristan Edward. "Mobilizing Microbes: The Path to China’s First Renewable Energy Industry, 1892-1946." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-ysmg-zr21.
Full textAbstract:
China is a leading producer of alternative energy in the present day, while much of its economic rise under the CCP in the late 20th century was driven by the successful development of domestic coal and gas resources in the 1960s and 70s. But the drive to secure autonomous sources of energy to propel economic development and protect national security well predates China’s transition to socialism at midcentury. This dissertation explores the emergence of technocratic state rule in 20th century China by investigating the development of a biofuel industry designed to ensure energy security during war with imperial Japan. During the early to mid-1930s, Chiang Kai-Shek’s KMT government began supporting scientific research on ethanol-based biofuel production as a means of preserving fuel supplies should Japanese forces successfully blockade supply routes into the country during wartime. As exactly this scenario came to pass in the late 1930s, a network of more than 100 private and state-run ethanol plants were constructed along new roadways spanning the country’s southwestern interior. By 1945, millions of gallons a year of ethanol-based “dongli jiujing” fueled the logistical chains of both Chinese and US troops stationed throughout the China theater.
The fusion of statecraft and science manifested in the dongli jiujing program both points forward to state-led energy and heavy industrial development in the 1950s and 1960s under Mao’s CCP, and represents one of the top accomplishments of KMT agencies like the National Resources Commission, a powerful technocratic agency which held up the wartime biofuel industry as a paradigmatic example of successful state-led economic development. While scholarship on heavy industry in China often focuses on the latter half of the 20th century, this dissertation demonstrates that by the mid 1930s, the development of the biofuel industry welded political visions for a sovereign, industrially powerful China with the technical expertise of chemists and microbiologists at the National Bureau of Industrial Research (NBIR), a state funded institution for applied science research oriented at developing heavy industries. And it points out that many of the scientists involved in the dongli jiujing program would continue development work in fields like agricultural chemistry and the biochemical industry under the CCP.
Engaging with and contributing to recent scholarship on the history of science and technology in Asia, “Mobilizing Microbes” also traces the global circulation of fermentation-related knowledge that informed NBIR attempts to harness microbial life for the industrial production of alcohol. And finally, it explores connections that brought together in unexpected ways the craft knowledge and practices of China’s domestic brewing industry with modernizing visions for a powerful, fully sovereign China propounded by scientists and statesmen as the midpoint of the 20th century drew near.
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Mitchell, Keith Owen, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Optimisation of the applications of sustainable energy systems." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26947.
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This work examines issues that are restricting the wider adaptation of sustainable (‘renewable’) energy systems in Australia and elsewhere. Several new innovative areas of opportunity for improving the application of wind and solar PV based systems have been explored and developed. A number of financial and regulatory obstructions to wind and solar systems and grid connection are examined and a number of regulatory changes to the regulatory electricity codes are suggested.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Sparks, Garreth David. "The economic feasibility of non-farm biodiesel production in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8543.
Full textAbstract:
Recent years have seen an unprecedented global increase in the production and use of
biofuels. This has been driven primarily by government support for biofuel industries.
Soybeans are the only field crop produced in sufficient quantities in the province of KwaZulu-
Natal (KZN) that the South African (SA) industrial biofuel strategy identifies as a potential
biodiesel feedstock. Thus, this study is an evaluation of the economic feasibility of producing
biodiesel on farms from soybeans in the main soybean-producing regions of KZN, using
batch processing biodiesel plants. A mixed integer linear programming model was developed
to simulate observed agricultural land rental rates (estimated at 4.48% of the market value of
land) and cropping behaviour of commercial crop farms in the study regions. The model
incorporates various alternative crops, crop rotations, tillage techniques, arable land
categories and variance-covariance matrices to account for risk in production. All data are
on a real 2009/10 basis.
The model is used to predict possible farmer investment behaviour and determine the
minimum biodiesel subsidy required to stimulate soybean-based biodiesel production in the
study areas. Results suggest that biodiesel production is currently not an economically viable
alternative to fossil fuel, and that the incentives and commitments outlined by the current
industrial biofuel strategy are inadequate to both establish and sustain a domestic biodiesel
industry. Under baseline assumptions, a realistic minimum implicit subsidy of R4.37 per litre
of biodiesel is required to draw soybean-based biodiesel production into the optimum
solution for commercial farms.
The economic feasibility of on-farm biodiesel production is highly dependent on the soybean
price (i.e., the feedstock input cost) and the soybean oilcake price (i.e., the highest valued byproduct).
Thus, future promotion of biodiesel ventures could primarily target a reduction of
feedstock costs through the development of new technologies which increase yields of
available feedstocks and/or permit the use of lower cost alternatives. Higher subsidy levels
are anticipated for: (i) small-scale initiatives (particularly in the absence of a rental market
for cropland); (ii) soybean-based biodiesel production in areas with less suitable growing
conditions for cultivating soybeans; and (iii) using sunflower and/or canola as biodiesel
feedstock. To the author’s knowledge no other previous studies have attempted to quantify the
minimum level of support needed to stimulate biodiesel production in South Africa.
The SA industrial biofuels strategy promotes a development-oriented strategy with feedstock
produced by smallholders and processed by traditional producer-owned cooperatives.
However, traditional cooperatives suffer from a myriad of institutional problems that are
associated with ill-defined property rights. As such, it is argued that these initiatives will fail
to attract the capital and expertise needed to process biodiesel. This research, therefore,
highlights the need for South Africa’s current Cooperatives Act to be amended. Accordingly,
this also infers a need to revise the proposed SA industrial biofuels strategy. It is concluded
that smallholder participation in biodiesel ventures would require a rental market for
cropland, co-ownership of the processing plant in a non-traditional cooperative or investor-owned
firm, information and training, and a high level of government subsidy.
This research advocates that government consider promoting soybean oil extrusion ventures
as a means of stimulating rural development for small-scale farming initiatives rather than
soybean-based biodiesel production, as they will likely require less government assistance,
whilst potentially combating the food versus fuel debate against biofuels. This is compounded
by the fact that South Africa has historically been a net importer of both soybean oilcake and
soybean oil. Importantly, however, the proliferation of such initiatives should not be based on
the current notion of traditional cooperatives. The need for government to play a proactive
role in such ventures through facilitating the development of appropriate business models
which stimulate private investment in feedstock and processing facilities is clearly evident.Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
Books on the topic "Renewable energy sources – Government policy – Ontario"
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on Science and Technology. Renewable energy: Practicalities. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Brown, Diane H. Inventory of renewable energy resources eligible for the Maryland Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard. Annapolis, Md: Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, 2006.
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Victoria. Office of the Auditor-General. Facilitating renewable energy development. Melbourne, Vic: Victorian Government Printer, 2011.
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Colorado. Governor's Renewable Energy Task Force. Renewable energy in Colorado's future: Recommendations of the Governor's Renewable Energy Task Force. Denver, CO: Governor's Office of Energy Conservation, 1997.
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AGRICULTURE, US DEPARTMENT OF. USDA Energy Council: Advancing renewable energy. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 2008.
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Winkler, Harald. Cleaner energy, cooler climate: Developing sustainable energy solutions for South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2009.
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Sources, Ontario Legislative Assembly Select Committee on Alternative Fuel. Select Committee on Alternative Fuel Sources final report. Toronto: The Committee, 2002.
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Green energy economies: The search for clean and renewable energy. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
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Ecological modernisation and renewable energy. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
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Toke, David. Ecological modernisation and renewable energy. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Renewable energy sources – Government policy – Ontario"
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Ilic, Biljana Stojan. "Renewable Energy Sources Management and Role of Ecological Parks." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 220–28. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8970-9.ch014.
Full textAbstract:
On the global level, governments are leading the national policy for development of modern technology and alternative energy resources. The tendencies of sustainable development are reflected in the realization of using renewable energy resources that contribute to a more diversified and more efficient use of clean energy. The aim of this chapter is to represent adequate responses to the efficient management at the state level that created all necessary conditions for sustainable development and energy efficiency using renewable energy resources in countries of European Union. Legal regulations, energy policy, short, medium and long-term strategy with a stimulating policy, can contribute for achieving adequate results in terms of sustainable development. The aims of this policy would be reflected in the development of eco-industrial parks and clean energy that contribute development of new companies, employment, on the state budget and local government levels.
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Ilic, Biljana Stojan. "Renewable Energy Sources Management and Role of Ecological Parks." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 193–202. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch009.
Full textAbstract:
On the global level, governments are leading the national policy for development of modern technology and alternative energy resources. The tendencies of sustainable development are reflected in the realization of using renewable energy resources that contribute to a more diversified and more efficient use of clean energy. The aim of this chapter is to represent adequate responses to the efficient management at the state level that created all necessary conditions for sustainable development and energy efficiency using renewable energy resources in countries of European Union. Legal regulations, energy policy, short, medium and long-term strategy with a stimulating policy, can contribute for achieving adequate results in terms of sustainable development. The aims of this policy would be reflected in the development of eco-industrial parks and clean energy that contribute development of new companies, employment, on the state budget and local government levels.
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Khiratkar, Bela, Shankar Mukundrao Khade, and Abhishek Dutt Tripathi. "Biogas." In Biomass and Bioenergy Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainability, 119–28. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5269-1.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
Biogas is a renewable natural gas used in production of energy which is generated by breakdown of organic matter by anaerobic digestion. It is a composition of methane, carbon dioxide, and some other gases in small quantities. The most common natural resources for production of biogas are aquatic sediments, animal waste, crop residues, wastewater sludge, and many others. Some other sources are landfills, water lagoons, etc., which are a result of human activity. There are several technologies used for biogas production, mainly biodigesters, wastewater treatment plants, and landfill gas recovery systems. Production of biogas is highly dependent on the feedstock availability and the policy support by the government.
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Okay, Esin. "More Obstacles to the Growth of ESCOs in Turkey." In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy, 125–45. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1196-1.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable and clean sources of energy is an issue of financial challenges for developing countries. Turkey has a considerable potential for a sustainable and cheap form of energy. As a developing country, Turkey implemented policies to improve renewables and energy efficiency in line with EU requirements. But there is incompetence of policy making and practice in which lack of familiarity with infrastructure investment and financing methods challenge renewable energy utilization in Turkey. The weak rule of law does not help to obtain culture, awareness, and consciousness of energy efficiency in Turkey. The enactment of raising awareness of energy saving projects and companies for reducing costs of energy efficiency should be the first priority of government. Beyond infrastructural problems, the key failure of ESCOs is lack of risk culture and poor risk management. Nowadays, the ongoing economic obstacles enhanced and ESCOs are facing financial distress and corporate debt restructuring which will affect the growth of energy savings in Turkey.
Conference papers on the topic "Renewable energy sources – Government policy – Ontario"
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Escobar, Rodrigo, and Teresita Larrain. "Net Energy for Concentrated Solar Power in Chile." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54130.
Full textAbstract:
The Chilean Energy Policy calls for 15 percent of new power generation capacity to come from renewable energy sources from 2006 to 2010, and then a 5% of electric energy generated from renewable energy sources with gradual increases in order to reach 10% by 2024. Neither the government nor the power generation sector plans mention solar energy to be part of the renewable energy initiative. Part of this apparent lack of interest in solar energy might be due to the absence of a valid solar energy database, adequate for energy system planning activities. Monthly means of solar radiation are used in order to estimate the solar fraction for a 100 MW plant for four given locations. Our analysis considers two cases: operation during sunlight hours, and continuous operation during 24 hours a day. A net energy analysis for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants in Chile is then performed, considering the energy costs of manufacturing, transport, installation, operation and decommissioning. The results indicate that the CSP plants are a net energy source in three of the four locations, when operating in sunlight-only mode. This is due to the lower radiation levels available at that location, which implies a high fossil fuel back-up fraction. In the continuous operation mode, the CSP plants become fossil fuel plants with solar assistance, and therefore all locations display negative net energy. Based on this result, the back-up fraction required for the plants to be net energy sources is estimated from the EROEI as function of the back-up fraction. It is estimated that the net energy analysis is a useful tool for determining under which conditions a CSP plant becomes a net energy source, and thus can be utilized in order to define geographical locations and operation conditions where they can be considered renewable energy sources.
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Hoffenson, Steven, and Marcin Wisniowski. "An Electricity Grid As an Agent-Based Market System: Exploring the Effects of Policy on Sustainability." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86031.
Full textAbstract:
Electricity generation is a major source of air pollution, contributing to nearly one-third of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. As with most goods, production must keep up with the projected consumer demand, and the industry is subject to government regulations at the federal, state, and local levels. This study models the New Jersey electric grid as a market system, using agent-based modeling to represent individual consumers and power companies making utility-maximizing decisions. Each consumer agent is prescribed a unique value function that includes factors such as income, energy intensity, and environmental sensitivity, and they are able to make decisions about how much energy they use and whether they opt into a renewable energy program. Power producers are modeled to keep up with demand and minimize their cost per unit of electricity produced, and they include options to prefer either on-demand or renewable energy sources. Using this model, different scenarios are examined with respect to producer strategy and government policy. The results provide a proof-of-concept for the modeling approach, and they reveal interesting trends about how the markets are expected to react under different scenarios.
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Chung, Moon-Sun, and Jong-Won Kim. "Status and Issues of Hydrogen Energy R&D in Korea." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54010.
Full textAbstract:
In the era of fossil fuel shortage and soaring oil prices under the condition of severe environmental problems we are facing now, an increasing need for sustainable development of new energy technology as a substitute of fossil fuel has become an issue of great concern throughout the world. Most of energy consumed in Korea, over 96%, is imported from foreign countries, especially Middle East. Korea is now ranked the 10th energy consumed country in the world. That is why we are interesting in hydrogen economy. As a result, hydrogen and fuel cell technology was selected as one of economic growth engines for next generation, and strongly supported by Korea government. Also, the government set Hydrogen Economy Policy in 2005. There are four R&D programs on hydrogen and fuel cell in Korea. Two of them are supported by MEST (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology) and others are funded by MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy). The hydrogen production technologies examined in Korea cover 3 main bases, fossil fuel, renewable energy including bio-hydrogen technology, and nuclear power. In October 2003, Korean government launched Hydrogen Energy R&D Center (HERC) as a member of the 21st Century Frontier R&D programs supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). The HERC has conducted research on the key technologies for the production, storage, and utilization of hydrogen energy for expediting realization of hydrogen economy based on renewable energy sources. The main purposes of this paper are to overview the current status of research programs conducted by Hydrogen Energy R&D Center based on the patent applications as well as research topics and to introduce specific achievements in each research program.