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1
Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Sara Imran Khan, Zakria Qadir, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Insight into the Impact of COVID-19 on Australian Transportation Sector: An Economic and Community-Based Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031276.
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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major virus outbreak of the 21st century. The Australian government and local authorities introduced some drastic strategies and policies to control the outspread of this virus. The policies related to lockdown, quarantine, social distancing, shut down of educational institute, work from home, and international and interstate travel bans significantly affect the lifestyle of citizens and, thus, influence their activity patterns. The transport system is, thus, severely affected due to the COVID-19 related restrictions. This paper analyses how the transport system is impacted because of the policies adopted by the Australian government for the containment of the COVID-19. Three main components of the transport sector are studied. These are air travel, public transport, and freight transport. Various official sources of data such as the official website of the Australian government, Google mobility trends, Apple Mobility trends, and Moovit were consulted along with recently published research articles on COVID-19 and its impacts. The secondary sources of data include databases, web articles, and interviews that were conducted with the stakeholders of transport sectors in Australia to analyse the relationship between COVID-19 prevention measures and the transport system. The results of this study showed reduced demand for transport with the adoption of COVID-19 prevention measures. Declines in revenues in the air, freight, and public transport sectors of the transport industry are also reported. The survey shows that transport sector in Australia is facing a serious financial downfall as the use of public transport has dropped by 80%, a 31.5% drop in revenues earned by International airlines in Australia has been predicted, and a 9.5% reduction in the freight transport by water is expected. The recovery of the transport sector to the pre-pandemic state is only possible with the relaxation of COVID-19 containment policies and financial support by the government.
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Tan, Verity, Pablo R. Dias, Nathan Chang, and Rong Deng. "Estimating the Lifetime of Solar Photovoltaic Modules in Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095336.
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Determining the lifetime of solar photovoltaic modules is integral to planning future installations and ensuring effective end-of-life management. The lifetime of photovoltaic modules is most commonly considered to be 25 years based on performance guarantees of 80% power output after 25 years of operation; however, influences including climatic conditions, social behaviour, fiscal policy, and technological improvements have the potential to prompt early replacement. Therefore, this work aims to estimate the operating lifetime of photovoltaic panels more accurately in Australia by considering a variety of technical, economic, and social reasons for decommissioning. Based on a range of sources including government organisations, other policymakers, regulators and advisors, energy suppliers, researchers, recyclers, and manufacturers, three lifetime models—power decrease, damage and technical failures, and economic motivation—were developed and then weighted in three scenarios to form overall views of panel lifetime in Australia. In addition, it was concluded that the module lifetime will vary considerably between countries due to differences in market factors. Therefore, these results specifically address Australia as most of the input data were sourced from Australian industry reports and Australian photovoltaic systems and interpreted within the context of the Australian photovoltaic market. However, the methodology of estimating lifetime based on both technical and non-technical factors can be applied to other scenarios by using country-specific data. With the popularity of photovoltaic technology beginning in the early 2010s and given the practical lifetimes of 15–20 years found in this work, Australia will need to act swiftly within the next three years to responsibly manage the looming solar panel waste.
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Romanach, Lygia, and Elisha Frederiks. "Understanding the Key Determinants of Residential Firewood Consumption in Australia: A Nationwide Household Survey." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206777.
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A range of energy sources are used by households across the globe, including electricity, gas, solar, and wood. While there is a large body of international research aimed at understanding household energy use in general, very few studies have focused on the specific topic of residential firewood consumption. In Australia, empirical research to investigate and quantify residential firewood consumption is scarce and outdated, despite the importance of such research for better understanding overall household energy costs and carbon emissions. Unlike other power sources, such as electricity, gas and solar, firewood consumption is not systematically monitored or measured in an objective way, thereby making it difficult to obtain accurate data on the amount of firewood consumed in the residential sector. To address this data gap, the current study used survey data from a sample of 4844 households (including 1168 firewood users) to explore what socio-demographic, dwelling-related and behavioural factors were important for predicting the amount of firewood consumed by Australian households. The results revealed that a range of variables—including geographical location, dwelling type, the number of wood-fired appliances per household, and behavioural factors such as the purpose, timing, frequency, and duration of firewood use—were key determinants of residential firewood consumption in Australia, as self-reported by households. Together, these findings underscore the value of measuring not only geographical and location-based factors in household surveys, but also a range of socio-demographic, dwelling-related, and behavioural variables. By doing so, self-report data collected through surveys is likely to better predict the amount of residential firewood consumption reported (or estimated) by households. Overall, this study makes an important and timely contribution to the literature by demonstrating how social science methods such as household surveys can help improve current estimates of residential firewood consumption used to inform government policy, planning, and decision-making for the future.
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Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Sara Imran Khan, Fahim Ullah, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Effects of COVID-19 on the Australian Economy: Insights into the Mobility and Unemployment Rates in Education and Tourism Sectors." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011300.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected global economies due to lockdowns, business closures, and travel and other restrictions. To control the spread of the virus, several countries, including Australia, imposed strict border restrictions and lockdown measures. Accordingly, international borders have been closed, and all incoming international passengers are mandated to a 14-day hotel quarantine. Residents’ movements and businesses have been limited to essential services only. Employees have been directed to work from home while businesses moved to a remote working model. Due to such stringent measures, small and medium businesses such as cafes, restaurants, hotels, childcare centers, and tourism-based institutions incurred heavy losses, pushing a considerable portion of such small businesses to close. The airlines, education, tourism, and hospitality sector were the worst impacted among all. Due to such closures and associated effects of COVID-19, the unemployment rates are assumed to be significantly increased in countries like Australia. However, a study investigating this unemployment and reporting its status does not exist for Australia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of COVID-19 control measures such as travel restriction and lockdown on Australia’s employment status and labor markets. The data for the local transport network, unemployment rates and impacts on the tourism industry in Australia were extracted from the public data sources to assess the unemployment rates at both national and state-wide levels. Further, we also looked into the rehabilitation measures by the Australian government, such as the Job Keeper and Job Seeker programs in March 2020, that aim to provide support to people who are unable to run their businesses or have lost their jobs due to the pandemic. Overall, we observed that despite the global crisis, the Australian unemployment rate has reduced in the last year.
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Qiao, Guanghui, Shuai Peng, Bruce Prideaux, and Man Qiao. "Identifying Causes for the Decline in International Arrivals to China−Perspective of Sustainable Inbound Tourism Development." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061723.
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Chinese inbound tourism growth peaked in 2012 and in following years, arrivals have exhibited a downward trend. Over the same time Chinese outbound tourism has increased significantly and by 2016 the number of Chinese outbound tourists (52.7 million) was nearly twice that of international arrivals to China (28.1 million) (CTA, 2018). The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of international tourists visiting China based on destination attributes. For the purposes of this research, Australia was selected as a study site on the grounds that China has been a popular destination for Australian residents. This study examines a range of behavioral factors that may affect intentions to travel to China including: past travel experience to China; perceptions of overseas destination attributes; beliefs in China’s ability to satisfy the needs and constraints that appear to prevent Australian residents from traveling to China; and tourists’ intentions to visit or revisit. Data collected from Australian residents on aspects of travel to China included perceptions, beliefs, constraints, information sources, and past experience. The research shows that past experience was positively associated with intention to visit or revisit. Five constraint factors were identified. Based on these findings, the study discusses practical implications for management and government officials needed to boost Chinese inbound tourism.
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Schuyler, Qamar, Britta Denise Hardesty, T. J. Lawson, and Chris Wilcox. "Environmental context and socio-economic status drive plastic pollution in Australian cities." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (March 21, 2022): 045013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5690.
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Abstract Plastic pollution is a critical environmental concern. There is a growing focus on this transboundary issue, and a corresponding increase in public and government awareness. Understanding the key factors associated with litter and mismanaged waste on land will help to predict where and how waste enters the environment, providing opportunities for low cost, effective interventions. There exist only a few large-scale datasets with which such analyses can be conducted. To fill this knowledge gap we analysed a national, designed survey dataset of litter in the environment from Keep Australia Beautiful (2007–2017). We found that debris decreased significantly, with a nearly 6% decrease over the decade. Using generalised additive model modelling of 17 653 surveys at 983 sites around Australia, we found that site type, land use, state, population, and socio-economic status had the strongest relationships (in decreasing order) with litter distribution. Higher levels of litter were found in economically and socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Site types related to transitory human use such as highways and carparks, had more litter than areas with higher aesthetic or cultural value such as beaches, parks, and residential neighbourhoods. Sites that were sources of litter, such as shopping centres and retail strips, also had elevated litter counts, as did surveys near waterways. This enhanced understanding of the factors that influence litter deposition will help to craft more effective policy solutions, and can also improve our models of litter loads on land, and subsequent input to the ocean.
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Slater, Sue. "PESA industry review—2009 environmental update." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09010.
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This paper provides a brief update on some of the key environmental issues that arose during 2009. In Queensland, activity is dominated by coal seam gas projects and specifically coal seam gas (CSG) to liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects. Environmental milestones for these projects are discussed, and the State Government’s response policy and regulation development response is reviewed. The progress of the more conventional LNG projects in Western Australia and the Northern Territory is also discussed. The final report on the mandated ten year review of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 was released in December 2009. Seventy-one recommendations were made, and some key recommendations related to our industry are discussed here. Climate change has again dominated the media, with the United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Copenhagen in December 2009. In Queensland, the Government released a paper that presented a range of strategies and policies, building on a number of existing schemes and introducing new measures. Gas is identified as a key transitional fuel while low emission coal technology and emerging renewable energy sources are being developed. Greenhouse gas legislation is continuing to be developed across several states, but subordinate legislation is yet to be finalised. In Victoria, submissions on the Greenhouse Gas Geological Sequestration Regulations closed in October 2009, and the Greenhouse Gas Geological Sequestration Act 2008 came into effect on 1 December 2009. In March 2009, ten offshore acreage releases were made under the Commonwealth legislation; however, the closing date for submissions is dependent upon the development of the regulations. South Australia passed an Act amending the Petroleum and Geothermal Act 2000 on 1 October 2009 to allow geosequestration. A number of reviews of the regulatory framework or the administrative systems associated with the upstream oil and gas sector have been completed in the last decade. All these reviews make similar findings and recommendations, and most recently the Jones Report, tabled in Western Australian Parliament on 12 August 2009, found that most key recommendations from previous reports and reviews had not been addressed or properly implemented. There seems to be little point in undertaking regulatory and system reviews that consistently make similar findings, if these findings are never addressed. The hurdles to implementation of key recommendations need to be identified, so that progress can be made in improving the approvals processes for the industry, and improving the environmental outcomes.
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Merrett, Hew Cameron, Wei Tong Chen, and Jao Jia Horng. "A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092606.
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The success of source protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage source protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water source protection (DWSP) program and identify countermeasures to ensure safe operations. To validate the STPA results a questionnaire was developed based on selective grouping of the initial countermeasures identified and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Through statistical analysis using Principle Components Analysis (PCA), the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP based on the questionnaire responses. The four CSFs identified were “Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection”, “Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information”, “Support of Operational Field Activities” and “Response to Water Quality Threats”. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of source protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational source protection programs. Using CSF can aid catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
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Hafsari, Sari Wulandari, and Akhmad Rading. "Potensi Cadangan Panas Bumi dengan Metoda Volumetrik Pada Sumur Saka-1 Lapangan Panas Bumi “X” Kabupaten Lembata NusaTenggara Timur." Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jo.v1i1.236.
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<p>Secara geologi Indonesia berada di zona Sabuk Api atau busur vulkanik yang merupakan produk konvergensi berupa subduksi antara lempeng Samudra Hindia-Australia dengan lempeng benua Asia berdasarkan konsep Tektonik lempeng. Potensi Panas bumi Indonesia tercatat sebagai yang terbesar ketiga di dunia dengan potensi cadangan 40%, Direktorat Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) mengidentifikasi 256 daerah panas bumi dengan total potensi mencapai atau sekira 28.617 MW Penggunaan potensi panas bumi Indonesia hingga Tahun 2016 baru mencapai 4% atau sekira 1341 MW sehingga masih perlu ditingkatkan. Target pemerintah tentang kebijakan Energi Nasional terkait penggunaan energi terbarukan sebesar 25% pada tahun 2015, memicu peningkatan kegiatan pencarian dan eksplorasi panas bumi.Penyelidikan Direktorat Inventarisasi ESDM (2006) di Kabupaten Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur mencatat tiga lapangan potensi panas bumi yakni : Atadei, Roma dan Adum. Sumber panas bumi umumnya berasosiasi dengan gunungapi menjelang padam maupun masih aktif. Syarat terbentuknya panas bumi adalah adanya sumber panas (magma), batuan reservoir, batuan penudung dan akuifer. Hasil inventarisasi dan eksplorasi. Tulisan ini difokuskan pada perhitungan cadangan yakni energi panas bumi yang kenyataannya dapat diambil dan potensi listrik yang dapat dibangkitkan pada lapangan panas bumi X Kabupaten Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tahapan awal dari upaya untuk mengetahui potensi energi panas bumi dimulai dari eksplorasi terencana dan terpadu yang meliputi kegiatan survey geologi, geokimia, geofisika, landaian suhu dan pemboran uji/eksplorasi panas bumi yang diakhiri dengan kegiatan pemboran sumur produksi serta pembangkit power plant untuk listrik jika hasil pemboran uji memberikan gambaran yang positif serta faktor kebutuhan akan energi/listrik.Cadangan energi panas bumi yang kenyataannya dapat diambil di Lapangan panas bumi X adalah 3,94 x 10 11 KJ dan besarnya potensi listrik yang dapat dibangkitkan adalah sebesar 41 Mwe Sehingga Lapangan panas bumi X prospek dan layak untuk dikembangkan sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP), sehingga kebutuhan listrik masyarakat Kabupaten Lembata sebesar 5 Mwe dapat terpenuhi.</p><p><em>Geologically, Indonesia is in the zone of ring of Fire or volcanic arc which is a product of convergence in the form of subduction between the Indian-Australian Ocean plate and the Asian continent plate based on the plate tectonic concept. Indonesia's geothermal potential is recorded as the third largest in the world with a potential reserve of 40%, the Directorate of Mineral Resources Inventory (ESDM) identified 256 geothermal areas with a total potential reaching or approximately 28,617 MW The use of Indonesia's geothermal potential until 2016 only reached 4% or approximately 1341 MW so that it still needs to be improved. The government's target of the National Energy policy related to the use of renewable energy by 25% in 2015, triggers an increase in geothermal exploration and exploration activities. </em><em>The investigation of the ESDM Inventory Directorate (2006) in Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara recorded three geothermal potential fields namely: Atadei, Roma and Adum. Geothermal sources are generally associated with near-extinguished volcanoes or are still active. Requirements for geothermal formation are the existence of heat sources (magma), reservoir rocks, capstone and aquifers. Inventory and exploration results. This paper is focused on the calculation of reserves, namely the fact that geothermal energy can be extracted and the potential electricity that can be generated in the geothermal of X field, Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The initial stages of the effort to determine the potential for geothermal energy starts from planned and integrated exploration which includes geological, geochemical, geophysical surveying, temperature slope and geothermal test/ exploration drilling which ends with the production well drilling and power plant for electricity if the results test drilling provides a positive picture and energy/electricity demand factors. </em><em>Reserve of geothermal energy which in fact can be taken in the geothermal field X is 3.94 x 1011 KJ and the amount of potential electricity that can be generated is 41 Mwe so that the geothermal of X field prospects and feasible to be developed as a Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) so that the electricity needs of the Lembata Regency community of 5 MWe can be fulfilled.</em></p>
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Xin, Yongrong, Muhammad Khyzer Bin Dost, Hamza Akram, and Waqas Ahmad Watto. "Analyzing Pakistan’s Renewable Energy Potential: A Review of the Country’s Energy Policy, Its Challenges, and Recommendations." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316123.
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Pakistan’s dependence on imported fuels has led to a massive electrical shortfall, stifling the country’s socioeconomic growth. Pakistan’s energy gap is between 5000 and 8000 megawatts (MW), with a 6–8% yearly growth predicted, therefore, it needs more sustainable and renewable energy sources. Pakistan uses solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass for renewable energy. Pakistan needs cheap energy to support its economic growth. Most of the world’s energy is currently conventionally produced. The objective of this research is to analyze the opportunities that are afforded by renewable energy sources as well as the role that the government plays in the process of policy formulation. An examination of qualitative data from research works, journals, and government annual performance reports is presented. This study investigates renewable energy sources and government policy. According to the study, renewable energy resources are abundant. The renewable energy plan has no effect on real implementation. This research paper examines electricity restrictions, the transition to renewable energy sources, and Pakistan’s renewable energy policy difficulties. After analyzing the nation’s renewable energy potential, practical implications were made to promote it, for example 1710-megawatt wind installations. There are currently 217-megawatt biogas power stations being developed. Accelerating the energy transition to the nation’s future energy perspectives is a priority for sustainable development.
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Subagyo, Subagyo, J. P. Moh. Yanuar, P. N. Bambang, and A. Saleh. "Substitution of energy needs with renewable energy sources." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 927, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012032.
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Abstract The problem of global warming is a problem facing the world community. Since the Industrial Revolution’s birth, the use of energy from fuel oil (FF) has surged, and this causes an increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) resulting from burning fuel. This GHG is the cause of the rise in the earth’s temperature, which is estimated to one day, the earth is not comfortable and even no longer habitable. The solution to the problem is reducing GHGs that can be done by saving fuel use, which is replaced with renewable energy sources (REs). RE sources are obtained from the Solar Power Plant (SPP), Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP), Ocean Wave and Current Power Plant (OWPP and OCPP), Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Biodiversification Power Plant (BPP), Hybrid Power Plant. Besides, REs can also increase the overall electrification in Indonesia, such as in East Nusa Tenggara. However, the electrification rate is still low in quality. According to the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation 2014, the National Energy Policy mandates that energy mix from REs in 2025 is expected to reach 23%. This paper presents a literature review on new and renewable energy that can be considered early in their use.
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Sokolowski, Maciej M. "Renewable Energy Communities in the Law of the EU, Australia, and New Zealand." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 28, Issue 2 (April 1, 2019): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2019004.
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The article juxtaposes the regulatory approach to small renewable energy sources and energy communities in the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, highlighting such matters as the nature, character, and scope of the regulatory model of renewable energy sector. The paper also analyses energy communities in the past, current and drafted European law (as in the "Clean Energy for all Europeans" package) as well as discussing relevant legislation and policies on small renewable energy sources and energy communities in Australia and New Zealand. In this context, this article reviews the possibility of exporting the European model on energy communities outside the EU.
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Hamidova, Lala, Arzuman Huseynov, and Elnara Samedova. "Challenges in Implementing Renewable Energy Sources in Azerbaijan." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13636.
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The gradual reduction of fuel resources, their depletion, as well as volatility of fuel prices led to a growing interest of countries in the use of renewable energy sources. Despite the fact that energy production in Azerbaijan currently largely depends on development of hydrocarbon reserves in the country, nevertheless, development of renewable energy sources is certainly one of the strategic priorities of the government. The main objective of the research is to study the economic problems and institutional aspects of introduction of alternative energy in Azerbaijan and develop recommendations to stimulate production of renewable energy. With the help of methods of comparative analysis and dynamic comparisons, the state of development of alternative and renewable sources in Azerbaijan was analyzed. The results of the study show that in order to increase the production of renewable energy it is necessary to take a number of measures in this area: improve legislation, introduce state incentives for consumers of alternative energy, apply a green tariff to attract investment, ensure transparency and consistency of energy policy.
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Bansal, Ayush. "Potential and Achievement of Renewable Energy sources in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38800.
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Abstract: Pure and environmentally friendly energy is of significant interest these days. It is one of the key enablements in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), accelerating social progress, and raising the standard of living. This work seeks broad insights into the Indian renewable energy framework, policy, approach, and socio-economic challenges. These include grid-independent and specific activities such as 'Utility-Scale Power Generation, Potential Multiple Geographies in India' and the Government of India's current achievements in advancing renewable energy production. Although much progress and progress has been made in the last decade of alternative energy maturation and expansion, improvements can be sought to increase the use of solar energy for conventional energy sources in India. Keywords: Solar Panels, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development Goals, power generation, cleaner fuels
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BESPALYY, Sergey. "Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.3(51).03.
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The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.
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Milčiuvienė, Kiršienė, Doheijo, Urbonas, and Milčius. "The Role of Renewable Energy Prosumers in Implementing Energy Justice Theory." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 5286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195286.
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In recent years, the use of photovoltaic-based distributed electricity generation has played a key role in achieving climate and energy policy goals. The energy market is changing rapidly from centralized generation towards unbundling generation, transmission, distribution, and supply activities. As energy consumers also become producers, a new energy market player—the prosumer—is emerging. The role of the prosumer as a market player can be analyzed in terms of implemented technological solutions, economic assessment, environmental impact, and legal regulation requirements. The aim of this article is to investigate the importance and compatibility of energy prosumers with energy justice theory in the context of European Union (EU) law. The authors concluded first that an energy prosumer will help to meet energy justice goals only if government ensures support for generation facilities for low-income consumers, as only then can intrageneration equity be achieved. Second, seeking to ensure equality among places with different energy sources, the government should promote the development of generation facilities using different renewable energy sources. Third, the short-term electricity market, which may allow energy prosumers to participate, should be developed.
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Kaman, Zeittey Karmilla, Siti Fatihah Salleh, and Waznatol Widad Mohamad Ishak. "RENEWABLE ENERGY AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.738.
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Research Highlights
This paper aims to assess the current progress of RE in this country and identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards RE policy development. The extensive review presented in this work offers a useful reference for policy makers, corporate managers and researchers who have vested interest in business sustainability and renewable energy related studies.
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Research Objectives
The objectives of this study is to explore the evolving concept of business sustainability towards environmental concern and to identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards Malaysia’s policy development on RE deployment.
Methodology
This is conceptual paper where the authors tend to make the analysis by exploring particular theories on business sustainability, renewable energy (RE), and the engagement of RE activities on Malaysia policy development.
Results
All energy sources have some impact and benefit on our environment. For instance, renewable energy (RE) is energy resource that naturally replenished over time and always can be generated such as solar, wind and hydro energy. However, if the rate of use exceeds the rate of renewal, gradually it will become unsustainable. Thus, to have a sustainable energy which defined as energy production that can last for the foreseeable future is crucial and become main focus of recent national policies, strategies and development plan as of many countries. Malaysia energy consumption still heavily depended on the non- renewable energies (RE) such as fossil fuel and natural gases. Unfortunately, the use of the non-RE is unsustainable and can contribute adversely towards the environment and economic performance of a country. Renewable energy is brought to play as it is believed sustainable and has the potential to thrive in infinitely competitive market of contemporary business nowadays. Therefore, in 2009, the government of Malaysia has announced a National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (NREPAP) as part of their commitment to accelerate the growth of RE as an alternatives energy sources for the coming years. Moving onwards, a strong policy is needed to tackle the challenges in meeting the demand, energy security and also the affordability of energy pricing. Thus, in energy security dimension, perhaps the government should put attention on renewable energy by engaging more on the alternative mechanism to deploy RE capacity through program such as Large-Scale Solar PV, Net Metering as at current practices and also other new initiative like green certificates. The exploration on new RE resource such as wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) also could assist in build up a new opportunity to enlarge the share of renewable energy mix percentage and ensure the future energy security (UNDP, 2007)
Findings
The energy industry is changing fast and in multiple directions. It is also regularly known as the catalyst for development in a country. Realizing the importance of energy as a vital dimension in economic and social development, the government of Malaysia has been continuously reviewing its energy policy and practices to ensure long-term sustainability, reliability and security of energy supply (Mohamed & Lee, 2006). The private sector even the communities should also be more corporate in social responsibilities and make compromises for instance by participating in green programs and accepting longer payback periods in RE projects. Nevertheless, continuous efforts and strong support from the societies are vital to ensure RE development can reach its maximum potential. This effort is also supported by (Dincer, 2000) and (Wutenhagen, Wolsink, & Buer, 2007) where they are stressed that increases the public awareness and acceptance on RE, it is as the initial step to make the sustainable energy program successful. This is done through the media, professional organizations, public and government channels. In conclusion, since there is still insufficient insight to critically reasoning the RE development in aspect of business and sustainability, the paper insists to contributes more to the research on energy policies enhancement in Malaysia particularly. This could be a challenge on governing agenda that involves a series of tradeoffs, market players, organizations and companies (Oliveira, 2018) and these efforts are important to ensure the future success of the RE development in Malaysia.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) for the fund granted through the Internal Grant (UNIIG2019), Project code: J510050852.
References
Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2), 157–175.
Mohamed, A. R., & Lee, K. T. (2006). Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy. Energy Policy, 34(15), 2388–2397.
Oliveira, R. L. De. (2018). Powering the future : Malaysia ’ s energy policy challenges. Kuala Lumpur: IDEAS Policy Research Berhad.
UNDP, United Nations Development Programme. (2007). Energy and Poverty in Malaysia: Challenges and the Way Forward. UNDP.
Wutenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., & Buer, M. J. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35, 2683–2691.
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Gnatowska, Renata, and Elżbieta Moryń-Kucharczyk. "The Place of Photovoltaics in Poland’s Energy Mix." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051471.
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The energy strategy and environmental policy in the European Union are climate neutrality, low-carbon gas emissions, and an environmentally friendly economy by fighting global warming and increasing energy production from renewable sources (RES). These sources, which are characterized by high investment costs, require the use of appropriate support mechanisms introduced with suitable regulations. The article presents the current state and perspectives of using renewable energy sources in Poland, especially photovoltaic systems (PV). The specific features of Polish photovoltaics and the economic analysis of investment in a photovoltaic farm with a capacity of 1 MW are presented according to a new act on renewable energy sources. This publication shows the importance of government support that is adequate for the green energy producers.
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Irfan, Muhammad, Zhen-Yu Zhao, Munir Ahmad, and Marie Mukeshimana. "Solar Energy Development in Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041206.
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Energy generation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels in Pakistan. Due to the huge population and current progress in industrialization, these sources are not fulfilling the existing energy needs of the country. Meanwhile, they have adverse environmental impacts and are economically unsuitable to electrify remote areas. Consequently, there is a need to look for alternate energy sources. The aim of this paper is to find out the best renewable energy option for Pakistan. For this purpose, we have collected data for solar radiation and wind speed for a period of one year in four major cities of Pakistan. Results indicate that solar energy is the best renewable energy option for Pakistan in terms of price, life span, operation and maintenance cost. Key barriers have been identified over the whole solar energy spectrum through semi-structured interviews with industry professionals. And finally, important policy recommendations have been proposed for institutions and government to overcome these barriers and utilize maximum solar energy in the country.
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Hanif, Hamza, Ahmer Shaheem Tahir, Rimsha Sheikh, and Dania Anjum. "Using XGBoost Model with Feature Selection Techniques for Wind Speed Forecasting." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol12.iss4.2021.654.
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Renewable Energy Sources have a lot of importance in today’s world to produce an electrical output which explains the main reasons that every government and policy maker now a days prefer Renewable Energy in the wake of global warming and limited availability of fossil fuels (Twidell and Weir, 2021). The Renewable Energy Sources are hazardless, pollution free, ecofriendly, freely available in nature in vast quantities and most importantly, they give a chance to create a carbonfree environment.
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Asmara, Anugerah Yuka, and Setiowiji Handoyo. "The Role of Street-Level Bureaucrats In Implementing Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia." GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 2, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2017.2.4(4).
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Objective - This empirical paper aims to describe what action the Government of Indonesia is taking to provide alternative energy sources, such as solar cells, biomass, wind energy, ocean energy, and other renewable energy (RE) sources. Methodology/Technique - The method of analysis used in this study consists of an individual factor, a contextual factor, an external factor, an organizational factor, and a political factor. Findings - The results show that the role of street level bureaucrats in implementing RE policy in Indonesia is influenced by legal regulation and specific values in internal organizations, created by themselves. Novelty - The study highlights that street-level bureaucrats in Dirjen-EBTKE have a discretion when introducing and implementing new RE programs. The paper involves qualitative research by providing descriptive data through a case study. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Role; Street-Level Bureaucrats; Renewable Energy; Policy; Indonesia. JEL Classification: P40, P48, P59.
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Cho, Sungheum, Hana Kim, Sanghoon Lee, Sangil Kim, and Eui-Chan Jeon. "Optimal energy mix for greenhouse gas reduction with renewable energy – The case of the South Korean electricity sector." Energy & Environment 31, no. 6 (November 7, 2019): 1055–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19882419.
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The power generation sector is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in this sector is therefore of crucial importance. The government has recently released its core energy policy objectives: elimination of coal-fired power generation, phase-out of nuclear plants, and promotion of renewable energy sources. This energy policy should be consistent with the national climate change response policy. This paper analyzed the optimum power generation structure based on the South Korean government’s energy policy and climate change policy and then analyzed the optimum power generation structure if the greenhouse gas reduction and renewable energy targets were different. Seven scenarios with different 2030 greenhouse gas reduction and renewable energy generation targets were investigated. The scenario analysis shows that it is difficult to reduce dependence on coal power generation if the South Korean government’s current energy and climate change policies are maintained. The current greenhouse gas reduction target level is insufficient to be a driving force for energy transition, but dependence on coal power generation can be reduced by applying a deeper level of greenhouse gas reduction (e.g. 50% reduction compared to BAU). To achieve the energy transition planned by the South Korean government, it would be necessary to set a target for greenhouse gas reduction that is deeper than the current plan. The results of this study analyzing the optimal power configuration for 2030 in light of South Korea’s energy and climate change policies are expected to contribute to the South Korean government’s establishment of policies in the future.
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Raybould, Blaid, Wai M. Cheung, Chris Connor, and Ross Butcher. "An investigation into UK government policy and legislation to renewable energy and greenhouse gas reduction commitments." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 22, no. 2 (December 7, 2019): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01786-x.
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Abstract The UK has committed to various legally binding targets with regard to renewable energy technology and greenhouse gas reduction. As a result, government policy and legislation have been significant in investing in renewable energy technology, driving innovation since 1990. The aim of this work identifies the key drivers behind commitments and to assess the role of government, business and organisations in the uptake of renewable energy and the development of a decentralised energy network as a result of greenhouse gas emission reduction target. This article presents quantitative analysis of primary research from government and industry. The novel aspect of this investigation is that the conclusive outcomes arise as a result of a unique research method by combining primary and secondary sources with support of company data from Nestlé and Transport for London. The main findings demonstrated that government support is one of the key drivers for innovation into renewable technology; however, business and the public are necessary to bring renewables to market. Strategies have been identified to incorporate decentralised generation into industry for the commitment of renewables and to develop the required energy network of the future. Graphic abstract
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Lovo, Rena, Eric Gilder, Ora Renagi, and Dapsy Olatona. "Renewable Energy Technologies as “Saving Graces” for Pacific Island Nations Fighting Climate Change." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0127.
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Abstract In this study, the authors carried out a detailed analysis of the technologies required for successful implementation of a sustainable renewable energy household power supply in Papua New Guinea or PNG (PNG is a Pacific Island nation, North of Australia) to free the country from fossil fuel dependency. The role of renewable energy sources in the recent PNG National Energy Policy covering 2018 to 2050 (unveiled at the 2018 March Energy Summit in Port Moresby by the PNG Minister of Energy) was also analysed. From the outcome of our recently concluded SERI 2018 Renewable Energy conference, we assembled into a single hypothetical ‘energy basket’ all the varied renewable ‘green’ energy sources within PNG (as estimated by our energy research groups). This paper estimates that there is sufficient renewable energy in PNG and advocates that these available green energy sources should be tapped, for they can go a long way in the quest for climate change mitigation. This research paper will articulate that shifting PNG’s and other Pacific Island nations’ energy reliance from fossil fuels and other non-renewable sources to renewable green and environmentally sustainable sources is not only achievable, but feasible within a reasonable time.
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Kabir, KMH, and MK Uddin. "Prospects of Renewable Energy at Rural Areas in Bangladesh: Policy Analysis." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24681.
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Presently the country faces a peak load shortage of 30% of total demand and the shortage of gas supply resulting in about 10% of power plants leaving idle. It also reveals that about 1-2% GDP growth declined annually owing to the shortage of energy and poorer ability of power generation. The present study seeks to analyze the issues and challenges of renewable energy (RE) in Bangladesh with special emphasis on prospects of energy generation at rural areas of Bangladesh and subsequent policy analyses. Electricity generation through RE and implementation of energy efficiency and conservation including the RE policies and their analyses will explore to meet the future unmet demand in power sector. Lessening of dependency on natural gas is one of the top agenda of the government, in addition Bangladesh has enormous prospects of RE (solar energy) to meet the unmet demand particularly at the remote and off grid areas. By this time, the government of Bangladesh has planned to generate 5% of generation (i.e., 800MW) by 2015 and subsequently 10% (i.e., 2000MW) by 2020 from renewable sources and 20% of total generation by nuclear, renewable and cross border by 2030 out of40,000 MW total expected generations. In this paper possible attempts have been made to identify the problems and prospects related to the RE particularly for solar energy at rural areas and their possible recommendations for future development towards achieving millennium goal.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 105-113 2015
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Simpson, Michael. "“Is Renewable Energy Affordable?” By Derek George Birkett; Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. (2019). Price £58.99 ISBN (10): 1-5275-2046-3; ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2046-2." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2019): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071969.
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This book is written by a retired grid engineer and deals with renewable sources of energy and the instability of the electrical distribution grid. Derek Birkett carefully goes through the arguments about the electrical supply and the effect of intermittent and variable renewable sources of energy on grid stability. As a result of investment in renewable energy and the increasing costs of carbon taxes levied on fossil fuel fired generation, the government has created a situation which is very expensive for consumers and industry, and is unsustainable. The government has intervened in the energy market and provided subsidies and policy support for renewable energy without considering the consequences for the stability of the electrical grid system. The government has no strategic vision of the future for energy generation and no expertise to draw upon. Consumers experience increasing energy costs, power outages and blackouts which will be costly and hard to recover from. Derek states quite clearly that “… the state should no longer use environmental regulation for political purposes unless there is a clear imperative for national well-being and security.”
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Ajibade, Andrea A. "National strategies to promote renewable energy development: Whither Nigeria?" Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 73–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v10i1.5.
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Renewable energy (RE) development enhances electrification, mitigates climate change and aids energy efficiency. Kenya, South Africa and Ghana, among other states within sub-Saharan Africa, have established legal regimes to integrate renewable energy into their energy mix. Through defined legal strategies for RE deployment, these states have committed to the promotion, development and utilization of RE. Despite the momentum towards renewable energy development across the region, Nigeria’s efforts fall short of establishing effective legal strategies. As Africa’s most populous nation it must do more to make RE part of its energy mix in order to impact electrification rates, mitigate climate change and aid socio-economic conditions. This article appraises the legal strategies for RE development in Kenya, South Africa and Ghana. Against this appraisal, it critically evaluates Nigeria’s legal strategies to promote and develop RE. It recommends legal reforms that are necessary to better integrate RE into Nigeria’s energy mix. The methodological approach of this article is doctrinal and library-based. It includes primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include laws, statutes, legal documents, conventions and statistics. Secondary sources include journal articles, internet sources and newspaper articles. All sources are subject to content analysis. It is expected that the article will be useful to policy and lawmakers across various tiers of government in Nigeria.Keywords: Renewable Energy Development, Electrification, Energy Efficiency, National Strategies.
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Nakamura, Hiroshi, and Masaru Nakano. "Scenario Analysis for Clean Energy Vehicles in UK Considering Introduction of Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 4 (June 29, 2017): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0592.
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For achieving a sustainable society, clean energy vehicles (CEVs), such as electric and fuel cell vehicles, can play a significant role in reducing CO2pollution in the transport sector. Each type of CEV has certain characteristics: vehicle running range, Life Cycle CO2(LCCO2), cost, fuel efficiency, etc. Therefore, in order to accomplish CO2reduction targets in the UK, this paper calculates optimized CEV portfolios by considering each CEV’s characteristics. The objective is to minimize a CEV system that includes running, vehicle manufacturing, and infrastructure costs. Constraints are defined by the vehicle sales number, vehicle price, energy price, etc. A CEV optimized portfolio is calculated for each year to provide ideas for determining future CEV policy for government and industries. Few conventional studies show optimized CEV portfolios by considering mixed rates of renewable energy sources (RES). However, they did employ one case of RES introduction rate, but this study employs many RES introduction scenarios. Results suggest that introducing a high RES date contributes to reducing EV’s LCCO2dramatically and reaching the UK target without great reduction of GVs and DVs. In the scenario of high RES introduction rate, differences are widening among EVs, GVs, and DVs in their amounts of CO2pollution.
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Anwar, Javed. "The Role of Renewable Energy Supply and Carbon Tax in the Improvement of Energy Security: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 4II (December 1, 2014): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i4iipp.347-370.
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As energy is a vital element for sustained economic growth and development, therefore energy consumption is used as a basic indicator of people’s living standards. Due to technological and industrial development, the demand of energy in Pakistan is increasing more than the total primary energy supply; therefore, it is confronting the severe energy deficit today. So there should be a serious concern for the government about the energy security and should take actions for the development of indigenous alternative and renewable energy resources. Renewable portfolio supply (RPS), and carbon tax are the two indirect policy options used for the improvement of energy security. Renewable Energy Promotion is used to reduce greenhouse gas emission, promote local energy sources and improve energy security through reducing energy dependency and diversification of energy sources. Carbon tax is an indirect policy option for energy security enhancement through emission reduction. Imposing tax on carbon emission will alter the primary energy supply mix, more efficient fuel and technologies will be substituted for less efficient fuel and technologies. This will reduce the primary energy demand and lead to improved energy security.
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Shchedrov, Ivan. "Energy transition in India: Challenges and prospects." Asia and Africa Today, no. 9 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020528-2.
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The article provides an overview of India’s policy on energy transition. India is highly dependent on energy production from conventional energy sources, especially coal. The country is also dependent on imports of oil and gas. Thus, the government of India is highly concerned about ecological problems and issues of energy transition towards renewable sources. India expresses an explicit position on renewable sources on the world arena but the structure of energy sector, socio-economic and spatial factors do not fully reflect the desire to reduce the energy production from traditional sources. The key element of India’s policy is energy security which implies providing cheap energy to every citizen. The high dependence on imports and the comparatively low level of local manufacturing in the sphere of renewables prejudged the greater role of explicit factors affecting energy prices. Moreover, due to geographical imbalance many people of India are not connected to energy distribution network and the states are experiencing chronic shortage of energy. That is why the main dilemma is the transformation of the energy basket with special account on energy security issues, environmental protection, as well as ensuring economic growth. That is why the country is trying to develop both the system of traditional sources and promote utilization of renewables. The analysis showed that since 2018 India has made significant progress in reducing energy deficit and increasing the share of renewables. However, due to certain factors the constantly increasing share of renewable energy production will not affect the production and import of conventional sources in the mid-term perspective.
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Makpal, Zholamanova, Nurmukhametov Nurbakhyt, Tolmachev Mikhail, Sarsen Kassymkhan, and Amerkhanova Altyn. "Comparative Analysis of Strategies for Innovative Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex: The Experience of the EU Countries." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 1 (January 22, 2023): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13628.
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Most European countries do not have large reserves of natural resources and depend on imported energy resources. In this regard, the government of the European Union has approved a new energy policy aimed at developing a “green” economy and combating dependence on non-renewable resources. Currently, the European Union is a leader in the development of renewable energy sources. Many states have achieved success in this industry, their experience can be used in other countries where alternative energy is not so widespread. This study analyzes and compares existing strategies for the innovative development of the fuel and energy complex of EU member states. The process of formation of the EU energy policy and its distinctive features were studied. The example of Italy, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Finland was used to study in detail the impact of the new energy policy approved by the EU government. The prospects for the introduction of alternative energy sources in the geographical and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan have been assessed. Synthesizing the information obtained, a list of tips for the successful development of alternative energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan was proposed.
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Erdin, Ceren, and Gokhan Ozkaya. "Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072136.
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In Turkey, current energy generations are not sufficient for the existing energy needs and besides, energy demand is expected to increase by 4–6 percent annually until 2023. Therefore, the government aims to increase the ratio of renewable energy resources (RES) in total installed capacity to 30 percent by 2023. By this date, total energy investments are expected to be approximately $110 billion. Turkey is the fastest growing energy market among the OECD countries. Therefore, Turkey is an attractive market for energy companies and investors. At this stage, site selection and deciding appropriate RES are the most important feasibility parameters for investment. In this study, “Site Selection in Turkey” issue for RES (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass) is evaluated by the ELECTRE which is one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. In addition, the reasons for choosing this method are explained according to the literature. The study emphasizes the importance of energy generation from renewable and sustainable sources and is concerned with improving the position of the country. The Turkish government offers many purchasing guarantees and high incentives, especially in the renewable energy sector. As a result of the analysis, the most suitable energy sources are presented according to the geography and energy potential of the regions. The study aims to inform energy firms and everyone related with RES about Turkey’s RES opportunities.
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Cruz, Rizalino B. "The Politics of Land Use for Distributed Renewable Energy Generation." Urban Affairs Review 54, no. 3 (October 17, 2016): 524–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087416672589.
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Many studies on energy generation have focused on large-scale systems. But as the search for alternative sources of clean energy becomes imperative, there is the need to examine how local governments leverage their authority on land use to permit small-scale energy facilities. This study examines various factors shaping policy adoption on distributed renewable energy generation through the lens of transaction-cost politics. It deviates from existing land-use perspectives, which usually highlight competition between traditional land-use forces to capture the gains from policy. Policy adoption here implies that actors in their exchanges have been able to identify and reduce the transaction costs that would otherwise have prevented citizens from harvesting renewable energy at their place of residence. These actors minimize transaction costs by making use of the transaction resources available to them in the political market. These resources could ease barriers to political contracting and enable actors to shape policy. They include green firms, network memberships, dedicated staff for the sustainability effort, forms of government, and educated populace, which the study found significant in shaping the adoption of zoning codes that permit distributed renewable energy generation.
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Pallavi, S., and N. Thangadurai. "Comprehensive status of energy and its alternative sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012059.
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Abstract India having 18% of the world population but uses only 6% of the primary energy, and it is rapid growing economy and already third largest. And it is compelled to go ahead in innovations in energy because expansion, modernisation, and expansion of the country. India Energy Outlook - experienced unique growth in solar energy in recent years by the technological improvement, cost reduction and government policies enhancing successively. In wind energy generation cost is most influencing element to manufactures and developers and it is in suitable in onshore compare with offshore. Now a day’s renewable policies are essential for global expansion and analysis about pivot elements to implement. Coal, electricity, natural gas is indispensable energy for policy makers International Energy Agency. Our current focus is how to focus future energy demand for conservation in building and industry and alternative fuels will play a major role to facing this demand. Electric utility face financial, environmental, and other constraints. Recently micro algae as great sources of renewable energy and grown in non-arable land using alternate for water sources like sea water. Declining of fossil fuel reserves the environment focus on the alternate sources of energy, wind energy with surprising growth of 40 % over the past five years.
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RYANTORI, Ryantori. "MANAGEMENT OF XINJIANG’S OIL ENERGY AND NUCLEAR ENERGY SOURCES IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) IN POST-COLD WAR." ICCD 3, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol3.iss1.361.
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China's dependence on energy so far has been on coal. However, like other non-renewable fossil energy, the supply of coal itself is getting depleted. In addition, the PRC's dependence on coal so far has brought losses to the PRC itself, namely the high levels of carbon dioxide emissions contained in the PRC's air. This situation makes the PRC government feel the need to develop other energy sources. Considering the PRC is a country that is blessed with various energy reserves which are quite abundant, it is not too difficult for the PRC government to explore and develop these energy reserves. However, it turns out that it is not so easy to raise this issue because in some ways this energy issue has touched other sensitive aspects. For this reason, the PRC government implements an energy policy consisting of a short-term plan, a medium-term plan, and a long-term plan. The agency responsible for this is the State Planning Commission (SPC). Bringing together the supporting factors and inhibiting factors, the visible trend is that the PRC government will continue to strive to maintain its energy policy, but by making improvements that are felt to be very necessary in order to be effective. This is inseparable from the existence of the PRC's economy as well as its environment which means the existence of the country itself in the future.
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Dean, Mark, Al Rainnie, Jim Stanford, and Dan Nahum. "Industrial policy-making after COVID-19: Manufacturing, innovation and sustainability." Economic and Labour Relations Review 32, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10353046211014755.
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This article critically analyses the opportunities for Australia to revitalise its strategically important manufacturing sector in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It considers Australia’s industry policy options on the basis of both advances in the theory of industrial policy and recent policy proposals in the Australian context. It draws on recent work from The Australia Institute’s Centre for Future Work examining the prospects for Australian manufacturing renewal in a post-COVID-19 economy, together with other recent work in political economy, economic geography and labour process theory critically evaluating the Fourth Industrial Revolution (i4.0) and its implications for the Australian economy. The aim of the article is to contribute to and further develop the debate about the future of government intervention in manufacturing and industry policy in Australia. Crucially, the argument links the future development of Australian manufacturing with a focus on renewable energy. JEL Codes: L50; L52; L78; O10; O13: O25; O44; P18; Q42
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Shang, Bo, Taotao Jiang, and Zheshi Bao. "A Study on Inter-Regional Cooperation Patterns and Evolution Mechanism of Traditional and Renewable Energy Sources." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 16022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316022.
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To obtain the early realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China, this study explores the cooperative relationship of inter-regional energy power-generation substitution between regions dominated by traditional thermal power and renewable energy sources (RES). By taking a regional government as the decision-making subject, focused on interest and environmental factors, an evolutionary game model of inter-regional energy cooperation is structured, and a simulation platform of the two different power-generation replacement cooperative patterns/strategies is constructed by using system dynamics. Then, the influences of the sensitive parameters on the cooperative evolutionary path under symmetric and asymmetric sharing cost cases have been discussed based on practical example in the regions of China. The results imply that agents can only select the favorable cooperative strategies unilaterally, by choosing a strategy of sharing the environmental revenues rather than the cooperative costs. When the failure cost of the opportunity revenues is less than or equal to the RES power-generation cost, a traditional thermal power regional government adopts a cooperative no-sharing strategy, while an RES regional government selects the opposite strategy. However, under the optimized dynamic proportional allocation schema, it is more likely that the traditional thermal power regional government will prefer cooperative sharing strategies, which can promote the social value of RES. This study provides beneficial inspiration for the Chinese government to further improve its RPS policy. The RES consumption fulfilled by direct or indirect trans-regional energy cooperation can be included in the RPS index framework assigned to traditional thermal power energy regions, and the added environmental value should be regarded as being as crucial as the economic and energy factors are in the cooperative process. In addition, RES regions that contribute more to clean energy absorption should raise the weight of the RPS rewards.
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Durrani, Shazia Farhat, Inayatullah Jan, and Sidra Pervez. "Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Disaggregated Analysis." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.625.
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This study addresses the research question of how renewable and non-renewable energy consumption (EC) affects economic growth (GDP) in Pakistan over a period of 1972-2015. The study extends the basic production function having labor and capital as the mainstream variables by adding major energy sources of Pakistan. The results of Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test confirm that no causality exists between GDP and labor force and bidirectional causality exists between GDP and gross capital formation. Moreover, the results confirm a unidirectional relationship (growth hypothesis) between hydroelectricity consumption (HEC) and nuclear energy consumption (NEC) and a bidirectional relationship (feedback hypothesis) between fossil fuel consumption (FFC) and GDP, respectively. The findings suggest for an efficient utilization of existing energy resources along with diversification and expansion of the renewable energy resources. The study recommends for the government policy to avoid energy conservation as it can hamper GDP growth in Pakistan.
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Karim, Karim, Islam, Muhammad-Sukki, Bani, and Muhtazaruddin. "Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 5774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205774.
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Bangladesh’s constant growth with an annual 6% plus Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for more than the last two decades and achievements in other socio-economic metrics in recent times is impressive and recognized by various global authoritative bodies. The extent of overwhelming economic ventures in the private sector coupled with the commitments of the government clearly demonstrates the transformation of the country from a primarily agro-based economy to one influenced by the manufacturing and service sectors. Bangladesh is fortunate to have fossil fuel reserves on a limited scale, though these are not enough to run the ongoing massive scale development activities, both in private and public sectors. Thus, the constant and uninterrupted supply of energy at an affordable price remains a serious concern for the successive governments. Therefore, this issue of supply of constant energy has turned to be an important part in the national development agenda. Besides, the country is one of the worst victim nations of the devastating effects of global warming and climate change. As Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable place in the world map with the availability of plenty of renewable energy sources (RES), the policymakers started to take initiatives leading to exploiting these sources to meet the energy demand of the country. There are both prospects and administrative, legal, technological, socio-cultural and environmental challenges. To address these challenges, it requires comprehensive policy initiatives. A good number of technical and scientific research containing findings and recommendations are available. This paper, which is based on adopting a qualitative research methodology where the contents of secondary sources were analyzed, is an initial attempt to highlight the renewable energy developments in Bangladesh, and subsequently, to evaluate the relevant legal and policy initiatives in the light of international best practices. We advance several recommendations that the stakeholders can consider exploiting RES effectively to attain inclusive, equitable and sustainable development in Bangladesh. These include, inter alia: (1) Enhancing government participation to lead the development of renewable energy (RE); (2) ensuring localization of RE technology; (3) reducing the expenses of energy generation through RES and providing assistance in initial investments; (4) introducing comprehensive legal and regulatory policy for the development of RE industry in Bangladesh; and (5) conducting effective public awareness.
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Bednarczyk, Jan L., Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup, and Sławomir Luściński. "Opportunities and Limitations of Hydrogen Energy in Poland against the Background of the European Union Energy Policy." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155503.
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One of the strategic goals of developed countries is to significantly increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation. However, the process may be hindered by, e.g., the storage and transport of energy from renewable sources. The European Union countries see the development of the hydrogen economy as an opportunity to overcome this barrier. Therefore, since 2020, the European Union has been implementing a hydrogen strategy that will increase the share of hydrogen in the European energy mix from the current 2 percent to up to 13–14 percent by 2050. In 2021, following the example of other European countries, the Polish government adopted the Polish Hydrogen Strategy until 2030 with an outlook until 2040 (PHS). However, the implementation of the strategy requires significant capital expenditure and infrastructure modernisation, which gives rise to question as to whether Poland is likely to achieve the goals set out in the Polish Hydrogen Strategy and European Green Deal. The subject of the research is an analysis of the sources of financing for the PHS against the background of solutions implemented by the EU countries and a SWOT/TOWS analysis on the hydrogen economy in Poland. The overall result of the SWOT/TOWS analysis shows the advantage of strengths and related opportunities. This allows for a positive assessment of the prospects for the hydrogen economy in Poland. Poland should continue its efforts to take advantage of the external factors (O/S), such as EU support, an increased price competitiveness of hydrogen, and the emergence of a competitive cross-border hydrogen market in Europe. At the same time, the Polish authorities should not forget about the weaknesses and threats that may inhibit the development of the domestic hydrogen market. It is necessary to modernise the infrastructure; increase the share of renewable energy sources in hydrogen production; increase R&D expenditure, and, in particular, to complete the negotiations related to the adoption of the Fit for 55 package.
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Liu, Xing Min, Hong Ren, Yong Wu, and Liang Yu Guo. "Policy Design and Evaluation for Demonstration Projects of Application of Renewable Energy Sources to Buildings in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1254.
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In recent years, Chinese Government adopts series of policies and actions to advance the building application of the renewable energy resources. Based on the policies for demonstration projects of application of renewable energy sources to buildings (ARESB) in China, this article discusses the policy systems for the demonstration projects in all aspects, including application and review systems, supervision and administration systems, inspection and assessment systems, and the whole policy systems are based on promoting the advance techniques, practicalities, reasonable economy, demonstration and generalization meaning of ARESB. Based on the actual construction and operation of the demonstration projects, the article also analyzes and evaluates the implementation effects and suitability in different areas concerning each technical type, and then analyzes and evaluates issues existing in the implementation of the policies for the demonstration projects of ARESB, with further policy suggestions provided.
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Balmer, M. "Energy poverty and cooking energy requirements: The forgotten issue in South African energy policy?" Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i3a3380.
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Cooking energy is a necessary input for satisfying the basic human need of survival. Much has been written about poverty, energy, development, envi-ronment and gender, but unfortunately, recent poli-cies adopted by the South African government have completely failed to adequately address the issue. The focus of energy and most notably renewable energy policy has shifted form the previous approach of increasing access to energy sources for low-income households to addressing climate change issues. Pro-poor policies have suffered and important fuel such as wood fuel is not addressed. It is argued that without adequately addressing ther-mal requirements of low-income households, ener-gy poverty cannot be addressed. The aim of the paper is firstly, to contextualise cooking and cooking energy within a framework of household energy, poverty, multiple fuel use and gender issues and secondly, to provide an overview of the cost and externalities associated with household cooking. Lastly, the paper proposes interventions to address cooking energy in a sustainable manner in South Africa.
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Knyazev, Yuriy Konstantinovich. "The features of Slovenia ecological policy." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 264 (317)—272 (324). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2104-01.
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In Slovenia, there is an urgent problem of limiting the harmful effects of economic activities that deteriorate the living conditions of people, animals and fl ora. The state is taking measures to encourage residents to stay in their home towns and take care of their arrangement and development, the preservation of natural resources and a comfortable environment for people. Numerous public organizations of civil society play an important role in this. This article outlines the features of the modern environmental policy of Slovenia, carried out within the framework of the general line of the European Union, aimed at the phasing out of carbon fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. The article analyzes Slovenian official documents, setting out the country's environmental strategy, progress in the implementation of plans for energy and climate measures until 2030, the current state of the energy sector and its compliance with the planned tasks. The author's assessment of the efficiency of the environmental policy carried out in Slovenia and its possible results is presented. It is stated that although the indicators of improving the environmental situation are gradually increasing, the emission of harmful gases is decreasing, and the efficiency of the use of energy and raw materials is improving, Slovenia still lags behind the European average in most of these indicators. Meanwhile, it has a relatively high share of renewable energy sources in its total production. This is achieved through budget subsidies for the energy produced from renewable energy sources so that its price does not exceed the market level. Significant monetary resources are spent to apply a wide range of incentive measures. Therefore, the government is forced to seek opportunities to further increase the funding for environmental activities, in particular through European Union funds, including assistance to fight the coronavirus pandemic. English version of the article on pp. 317-324 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/features-of-the-environmental-policy-in-slovenia/66114.html
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Neves Filho, Antonio Otto, Alisson Souza de Oliveira, Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor Marques, and Eliana Alcantra. "Bioenergy in Brazil: the current scenario of the energy matrix and the biofuel production." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 5 (March 28, 2021): 478–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.005.0038.
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Due to its diversified composition, with predominance of renewable sources encouraged by the government over the years, Brazil is one of the countries that stand out in the international energy scene. Likewise, the use of biofuels, biodiesel and ethanol was increased from 2012 to 2018. This study aims to analyze the supply of energy from renewable sources, its participation in the National Interconnected System – SIN, and the part of biofuels regulated by the National Petroleum Agency - ANP to supply the vehicle fleet besides the other equipment with internal combustion engines, in order to evaluate the growing national use of renewable energy sources. The analyzed data demonstrated Brazil's tendency to migrate its energy matrix to a clean and sustainable production model, both for electric power generation and for fuel production. Ethanol has increased its space for direct supply as in addition to gasoline. The biodiesel had growth by the policy of gradual addition to the diesel, besides being added to the generation of electric energy.
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Ngwakwe, Collins. "Examining possible relationship between carbon finance availability and growth of wind energy." Journal of Governance and Regulation 3, no. 3 (2014): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v3_i3_c1_p3.
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This paper evaluates the possible relationship between carbon fund availability and the growth of wind energy. This has become apposite considering global quest for renewable energies as a veritable option for carbon reduction and sustainable development. Whilst some extant literature blames delay in climate policy as an obstacle to green energy, others regard carbon finance availability as a booster to renewable energy. Raging argument is that similar to any other investment, renewable energy finance availability may mar or catalyse growth in renewable energy. Consequently, in this paper, a conceptual overview of carbon finance and renewable energy is undertaken and a test of the relationship between the World Bank carbon finance availability and wind energy growth is conducted. The result indicates a significant positive relationship between World Bank carbon financing and global growth in wind energy. The paper thus concludes that aside from policy options, renewable energy financing seems to be a contributory catalyst that may spur improvement in global renewable energy. The paper highlights that achieving green economic development in developing countries would depend, not only on climate policies alone, but also on sustainable financing. Hence government and private sources of funding is very desirable in achieving global green economic development, most importantly, for developing economies. The paper thus offers a research agenda on awareness creating for local and international sources of green energy for developing countries.
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Tafrikhatin, Asni, Hendi Purnata, Rafli Hafid Kusuma, Anggi Faisal Efendi, and Guffaro Mahfud. "Wind Speed Analysis Study for Wind Power Plant in Kebumen." Jurnal E-Komtek (Elektro-Komputer-Teknik) 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/e-komtek.v5i2.698.
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Reserves of fossil energy sources are starting to run low, so the government has launched renewable energy sources. The National Energy Policy (KEN) targets Indonesia by 2025 to use renewable energy sources of 23% of its energy needs. Because of this, the government has started opening places that have the potential for generating renewable energy, especially the areas where PLN electricity cannot reach, withincluding the southern coastal area of Kebumen.. The wind potential in this coastal area of Java Island meets the criteria for a Wind Power Plant. The purpose of this research was to analyze the wind potential in the southern coastal area of Kebumen. The specific purpose of this study was to determine the wind speed and the location and calculate the power generated by the wind in the southern coastal area of Kebumen to determine the potential of PLTB in Kebumen area. The stages of this research consisted of retrieval of secondary data, analysis using Excel, and power analysis using HOMER. Based on wind speed data from NASA, the southern coastal area of Kebumen is suitable for making PLTB, especially Buayan and Ayah, because the wind speed between 2016-2020 is 2.15 m/s. Then, the power produced annually in these places, based on the HOMER application, was 86.50 kWh/year.
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Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka, Theophilus Uwoghiren, Philip Olufemi Babalola, Stephen C. Nwanya, Oluwaseun Kilanko, Richard Olufemi Leramo, Abraham K. Aworinde, Tunde Adekeye, Joseph A. Oyebanji, and Olatunde A. Abidakun. "Assessment of Decentralized Electricity Production from Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0009.
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AbstractThis paper presents technical and economic assessment of a hybrid energy system for electricity generation in rural communities in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study was based on a 500 rural household model having an electric load of 493 kWh per day. To simulate long-term continuous implementation of the hybrid system, 21 years (1992 – 2012) hourly mean global solar radiation and wind speed data for the selected sites were used. The mean annual wind speed and solar radiation for the locations ranged from 2.31 m/s for Warri to 3.52 m/ s for Maiduguri and 4.53 kWh/m2 for Warri to 5.92 kWh/m2 for Maiduguri, respectively. These weather data were used for simulation with the Micro-power Optimization Model software HOMER. From the optimum results of the hybrid system,Warri has the highest NPC and COE of $2,441,222 and $0.721/kWh, respectively while Maiduguri has the least NPC and COE of $2,225,387 and $0.658/kWh, respectively for the 21 years project lifespan. The high value of COE for Warri is due to its low renewable energy resource while low COE for Maiduguri is due to its high renewable energy resource. The Northern part of the country has ample renewable energy resource availability and with a strong political will, optimal utilization of these renewable resources (solar and wind) can be actualized. Researchers, Industrialists, Policy Makers and the Nigerian government should therefore seize this opportunity in developing a sustainable energy through utilization of abundant renewable energy resources in the country.
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Sękulski, Łukasz, and Stefan Żuchowski. "Financing sources of pro-ecological investments in the field of renewable Energy in Poland - an overview of the support mechanisms." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900099.
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In view of an increasing trend in energy consumption and EU pressure on using sources of low greenhouse gas emission, Poland is facing an unprecedented challenge following increasing dependence from energy imports and also a necessity of climate change reduction. The target of this study is the presentation of investment financing mechanisms favoring environmental protection through the introduction of systems based on energy respect and renewable sources. This study is an analysis of the material of financial law, resolutions and trends in the pro-ecological policy of the state and self-government programs for environmental protection, ecological plans and priorities.
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Jain, Meenal, Meenakshi Mital, and Matt Syal. "Solar Energy Policy for Commercial Buildings Sector: Recommendations for the Indian Scenario." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 4, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2202014.
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India is a rapidly developing nation and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Renewable energy presents an attractive solution to the growing challenges concerning energy needs. Solar energy is abundant in India, and thus, its application and use are rapidly advancing. This study assesses various government initiatives for off-grid Solar Photovoltaic/Solar Water Heating systems for commercial establishments in India and elucidates the need for improvements in their implementation, highlighting the problems in availing the incentives. The study was conducted in six states/Union Territories (UTs) of India, which were selected based on their total installed solar capacity. Questionnaires and secondary sources were used as tools for data collection. Policy recommendations were proposed to improve the policy structure and address the problems reported by the stakeholders. A key feature of the recommended policy framework is the inclusion of stakeholders at every stage to make the process efficient. The findings and recommendations in the study might make the government initiatives for increasing the off-grid installations in the commercial buildings sector more acceptable and easier to implement.
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Hajimineh, Rahmat, and Amir Mohammad Moghani. "The important factors of Saudi Arabian policymaking in renewable energy resources." Future Energy 2, no. 2 (May 15, 2023): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.2.2.4.
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There is no doubt that Saudi Arabia exports the most oil. The country has considered notable investments in Renewable Energy to diversify its economy and decrease dependence on oil export. The research aims to analyze the key factors that have influenced Saudi Arabia's renewable energy policy. The main question of our article is: What are the influential factors in Saudi Arabia's energy policy on renewable energy sources? In response, the research hypothesizes that the growing energy consumption of Saudi Arabia and its favorable geographical location for renewable energy production caused the country to invest in renewable energy for its energy mix, economy, and carbon emission reductions. To investigate the research hypothesis, we have used the theoretical framework of energy security by Benjamin Sovacool. The findings show that Saudi Arabia’s capital investments in renewable energy provide opportunities for the government to create a modern industry that creates jobs and revenue with the support of the private sector. Furthermore, industries and residences use renewable energy for electricity. Therefore, renewable energy has decreased fossil fuel dependence and diversification of the country's energy mix consumption. Data are collected through the library method. The analysis method is descriptive.