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Journal articles on the topic "Renewable energy sources Government policy Australia"
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Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Sara Imran Khan, Zakria Qadir, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Insight into the Impact of COVID-19 on Australian Transportation Sector: An Economic and Community-Based Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031276.
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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major virus outbreak of the 21st century. The Australian government and local authorities introduced some drastic strategies and policies to control the outspread of this virus. The policies related to lockdown, quarantine, social distancing, shut down of educational institute, work from home, and international and interstate travel bans significantly affect the lifestyle of citizens and, thus, influence their activity patterns. The transport system is, thus, severely affected due to the COVID-19 related restrictions. This paper analyses how the transport system is impacted because of the policies adopted by the Australian government for the containment of the COVID-19. Three main components of the transport sector are studied. These are air travel, public transport, and freight transport. Various official sources of data such as the official website of the Australian government, Google mobility trends, Apple Mobility trends, and Moovit were consulted along with recently published research articles on COVID-19 and its impacts. The secondary sources of data include databases, web articles, and interviews that were conducted with the stakeholders of transport sectors in Australia to analyse the relationship between COVID-19 prevention measures and the transport system. The results of this study showed reduced demand for transport with the adoption of COVID-19 prevention measures. Declines in revenues in the air, freight, and public transport sectors of the transport industry are also reported. The survey shows that transport sector in Australia is facing a serious financial downfall as the use of public transport has dropped by 80%, a 31.5% drop in revenues earned by International airlines in Australia has been predicted, and a 9.5% reduction in the freight transport by water is expected. The recovery of the transport sector to the pre-pandemic state is only possible with the relaxation of COVID-19 containment policies and financial support by the government.
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Tan, Verity, Pablo R. Dias, Nathan Chang, and Rong Deng. "Estimating the Lifetime of Solar Photovoltaic Modules in Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095336.
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Determining the lifetime of solar photovoltaic modules is integral to planning future installations and ensuring effective end-of-life management. The lifetime of photovoltaic modules is most commonly considered to be 25 years based on performance guarantees of 80% power output after 25 years of operation; however, influences including climatic conditions, social behaviour, fiscal policy, and technological improvements have the potential to prompt early replacement. Therefore, this work aims to estimate the operating lifetime of photovoltaic panels more accurately in Australia by considering a variety of technical, economic, and social reasons for decommissioning. Based on a range of sources including government organisations, other policymakers, regulators and advisors, energy suppliers, researchers, recyclers, and manufacturers, three lifetime models—power decrease, damage and technical failures, and economic motivation—were developed and then weighted in three scenarios to form overall views of panel lifetime in Australia. In addition, it was concluded that the module lifetime will vary considerably between countries due to differences in market factors. Therefore, these results specifically address Australia as most of the input data were sourced from Australian industry reports and Australian photovoltaic systems and interpreted within the context of the Australian photovoltaic market. However, the methodology of estimating lifetime based on both technical and non-technical factors can be applied to other scenarios by using country-specific data. With the popularity of photovoltaic technology beginning in the early 2010s and given the practical lifetimes of 15–20 years found in this work, Australia will need to act swiftly within the next three years to responsibly manage the looming solar panel waste.
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Romanach, Lygia, and Elisha Frederiks. "Understanding the Key Determinants of Residential Firewood Consumption in Australia: A Nationwide Household Survey." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206777.
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A range of energy sources are used by households across the globe, including electricity, gas, solar, and wood. While there is a large body of international research aimed at understanding household energy use in general, very few studies have focused on the specific topic of residential firewood consumption. In Australia, empirical research to investigate and quantify residential firewood consumption is scarce and outdated, despite the importance of such research for better understanding overall household energy costs and carbon emissions. Unlike other power sources, such as electricity, gas and solar, firewood consumption is not systematically monitored or measured in an objective way, thereby making it difficult to obtain accurate data on the amount of firewood consumed in the residential sector. To address this data gap, the current study used survey data from a sample of 4844 households (including 1168 firewood users) to explore what socio-demographic, dwelling-related and behavioural factors were important for predicting the amount of firewood consumed by Australian households. The results revealed that a range of variables—including geographical location, dwelling type, the number of wood-fired appliances per household, and behavioural factors such as the purpose, timing, frequency, and duration of firewood use—were key determinants of residential firewood consumption in Australia, as self-reported by households. Together, these findings underscore the value of measuring not only geographical and location-based factors in household surveys, but also a range of socio-demographic, dwelling-related, and behavioural variables. By doing so, self-report data collected through surveys is likely to better predict the amount of residential firewood consumption reported (or estimated) by households. Overall, this study makes an important and timely contribution to the literature by demonstrating how social science methods such as household surveys can help improve current estimates of residential firewood consumption used to inform government policy, planning, and decision-making for the future.
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Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Sara Imran Khan, Fahim Ullah, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Effects of COVID-19 on the Australian Economy: Insights into the Mobility and Unemployment Rates in Education and Tourism Sectors." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011300.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected global economies due to lockdowns, business closures, and travel and other restrictions. To control the spread of the virus, several countries, including Australia, imposed strict border restrictions and lockdown measures. Accordingly, international borders have been closed, and all incoming international passengers are mandated to a 14-day hotel quarantine. Residents’ movements and businesses have been limited to essential services only. Employees have been directed to work from home while businesses moved to a remote working model. Due to such stringent measures, small and medium businesses such as cafes, restaurants, hotels, childcare centers, and tourism-based institutions incurred heavy losses, pushing a considerable portion of such small businesses to close. The airlines, education, tourism, and hospitality sector were the worst impacted among all. Due to such closures and associated effects of COVID-19, the unemployment rates are assumed to be significantly increased in countries like Australia. However, a study investigating this unemployment and reporting its status does not exist for Australia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of COVID-19 control measures such as travel restriction and lockdown on Australia’s employment status and labor markets. The data for the local transport network, unemployment rates and impacts on the tourism industry in Australia were extracted from the public data sources to assess the unemployment rates at both national and state-wide levels. Further, we also looked into the rehabilitation measures by the Australian government, such as the Job Keeper and Job Seeker programs in March 2020, that aim to provide support to people who are unable to run their businesses or have lost their jobs due to the pandemic. Overall, we observed that despite the global crisis, the Australian unemployment rate has reduced in the last year.
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Qiao, Guanghui, Shuai Peng, Bruce Prideaux, and Man Qiao. "Identifying Causes for the Decline in International Arrivals to China−Perspective of Sustainable Inbound Tourism Development." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061723.
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Chinese inbound tourism growth peaked in 2012 and in following years, arrivals have exhibited a downward trend. Over the same time Chinese outbound tourism has increased significantly and by 2016 the number of Chinese outbound tourists (52.7 million) was nearly twice that of international arrivals to China (28.1 million) (CTA, 2018). The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of international tourists visiting China based on destination attributes. For the purposes of this research, Australia was selected as a study site on the grounds that China has been a popular destination for Australian residents. This study examines a range of behavioral factors that may affect intentions to travel to China including: past travel experience to China; perceptions of overseas destination attributes; beliefs in China’s ability to satisfy the needs and constraints that appear to prevent Australian residents from traveling to China; and tourists’ intentions to visit or revisit. Data collected from Australian residents on aspects of travel to China included perceptions, beliefs, constraints, information sources, and past experience. The research shows that past experience was positively associated with intention to visit or revisit. Five constraint factors were identified. Based on these findings, the study discusses practical implications for management and government officials needed to boost Chinese inbound tourism.
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Schuyler, Qamar, Britta Denise Hardesty, T. J. Lawson, and Chris Wilcox. "Environmental context and socio-economic status drive plastic pollution in Australian cities." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (March 21, 2022): 045013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5690.
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Abstract Plastic pollution is a critical environmental concern. There is a growing focus on this transboundary issue, and a corresponding increase in public and government awareness. Understanding the key factors associated with litter and mismanaged waste on land will help to predict where and how waste enters the environment, providing opportunities for low cost, effective interventions. There exist only a few large-scale datasets with which such analyses can be conducted. To fill this knowledge gap we analysed a national, designed survey dataset of litter in the environment from Keep Australia Beautiful (2007–2017). We found that debris decreased significantly, with a nearly 6% decrease over the decade. Using generalised additive model modelling of 17 653 surveys at 983 sites around Australia, we found that site type, land use, state, population, and socio-economic status had the strongest relationships (in decreasing order) with litter distribution. Higher levels of litter were found in economically and socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Site types related to transitory human use such as highways and carparks, had more litter than areas with higher aesthetic or cultural value such as beaches, parks, and residential neighbourhoods. Sites that were sources of litter, such as shopping centres and retail strips, also had elevated litter counts, as did surveys near waterways. This enhanced understanding of the factors that influence litter deposition will help to craft more effective policy solutions, and can also improve our models of litter loads on land, and subsequent input to the ocean.
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Slater, Sue. "PESA industry review—2009 environmental update." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09010.
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This paper provides a brief update on some of the key environmental issues that arose during 2009. In Queensland, activity is dominated by coal seam gas projects and specifically coal seam gas (CSG) to liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects. Environmental milestones for these projects are discussed, and the State Government’s response policy and regulation development response is reviewed. The progress of the more conventional LNG projects in Western Australia and the Northern Territory is also discussed. The final report on the mandated ten year review of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 was released in December 2009. Seventy-one recommendations were made, and some key recommendations related to our industry are discussed here. Climate change has again dominated the media, with the United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Copenhagen in December 2009. In Queensland, the Government released a paper that presented a range of strategies and policies, building on a number of existing schemes and introducing new measures. Gas is identified as a key transitional fuel while low emission coal technology and emerging renewable energy sources are being developed. Greenhouse gas legislation is continuing to be developed across several states, but subordinate legislation is yet to be finalised. In Victoria, submissions on the Greenhouse Gas Geological Sequestration Regulations closed in October 2009, and the Greenhouse Gas Geological Sequestration Act 2008 came into effect on 1 December 2009. In March 2009, ten offshore acreage releases were made under the Commonwealth legislation; however, the closing date for submissions is dependent upon the development of the regulations. South Australia passed an Act amending the Petroleum and Geothermal Act 2000 on 1 October 2009 to allow geosequestration. A number of reviews of the regulatory framework or the administrative systems associated with the upstream oil and gas sector have been completed in the last decade. All these reviews make similar findings and recommendations, and most recently the Jones Report, tabled in Western Australian Parliament on 12 August 2009, found that most key recommendations from previous reports and reviews had not been addressed or properly implemented. There seems to be little point in undertaking regulatory and system reviews that consistently make similar findings, if these findings are never addressed. The hurdles to implementation of key recommendations need to be identified, so that progress can be made in improving the approvals processes for the industry, and improving the environmental outcomes.
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Merrett, Hew Cameron, Wei Tong Chen, and Jao Jia Horng. "A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092606.
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The success of source protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage source protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water source protection (DWSP) program and identify countermeasures to ensure safe operations. To validate the STPA results a questionnaire was developed based on selective grouping of the initial countermeasures identified and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Through statistical analysis using Principle Components Analysis (PCA), the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP based on the questionnaire responses. The four CSFs identified were “Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection”, “Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information”, “Support of Operational Field Activities” and “Response to Water Quality Threats”. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of source protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational source protection programs. Using CSF can aid catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
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Hafsari, Sari Wulandari, and Akhmad Rading. "Potensi Cadangan Panas Bumi dengan Metoda Volumetrik Pada Sumur Saka-1 Lapangan Panas Bumi “X” Kabupaten Lembata NusaTenggara Timur." Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jo.v1i1.236.
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<p>Secara geologi Indonesia berada di zona Sabuk Api atau busur vulkanik yang merupakan produk konvergensi berupa subduksi antara lempeng Samudra Hindia-Australia dengan lempeng benua Asia berdasarkan konsep Tektonik lempeng. Potensi Panas bumi Indonesia tercatat sebagai yang terbesar ketiga di dunia dengan potensi cadangan 40%, Direktorat Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) mengidentifikasi 256 daerah panas bumi dengan total potensi mencapai atau sekira 28.617 MW Penggunaan potensi panas bumi Indonesia hingga Tahun 2016 baru mencapai 4% atau sekira 1341 MW sehingga masih perlu ditingkatkan. Target pemerintah tentang kebijakan Energi Nasional terkait penggunaan energi terbarukan sebesar 25% pada tahun 2015, memicu peningkatan kegiatan pencarian dan eksplorasi panas bumi.Penyelidikan Direktorat Inventarisasi ESDM (2006) di Kabupaten Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur mencatat tiga lapangan potensi panas bumi yakni : Atadei, Roma dan Adum. Sumber panas bumi umumnya berasosiasi dengan gunungapi menjelang padam maupun masih aktif. Syarat terbentuknya panas bumi adalah adanya sumber panas (magma), batuan reservoir, batuan penudung dan akuifer. Hasil inventarisasi dan eksplorasi. Tulisan ini difokuskan pada perhitungan cadangan yakni energi panas bumi yang kenyataannya dapat diambil dan potensi listrik yang dapat dibangkitkan pada lapangan panas bumi X Kabupaten Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tahapan awal dari upaya untuk mengetahui potensi energi panas bumi dimulai dari eksplorasi terencana dan terpadu yang meliputi kegiatan survey geologi, geokimia, geofisika, landaian suhu dan pemboran uji/eksplorasi panas bumi yang diakhiri dengan kegiatan pemboran sumur produksi serta pembangkit power plant untuk listrik jika hasil pemboran uji memberikan gambaran yang positif serta faktor kebutuhan akan energi/listrik.Cadangan energi panas bumi yang kenyataannya dapat diambil di Lapangan panas bumi X adalah 3,94 x 10 11 KJ dan besarnya potensi listrik yang dapat dibangkitkan adalah sebesar 41 Mwe Sehingga Lapangan panas bumi X prospek dan layak untuk dikembangkan sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP), sehingga kebutuhan listrik masyarakat Kabupaten Lembata sebesar 5 Mwe dapat terpenuhi.</p><p><em>Geologically, Indonesia is in the zone of ring of Fire or volcanic arc which is a product of convergence in the form of subduction between the Indian-Australian Ocean plate and the Asian continent plate based on the plate tectonic concept. Indonesia's geothermal potential is recorded as the third largest in the world with a potential reserve of 40%, the Directorate of Mineral Resources Inventory (ESDM) identified 256 geothermal areas with a total potential reaching or approximately 28,617 MW The use of Indonesia's geothermal potential until 2016 only reached 4% or approximately 1341 MW so that it still needs to be improved. The government's target of the National Energy policy related to the use of renewable energy by 25% in 2015, triggers an increase in geothermal exploration and exploration activities. </em><em>The investigation of the ESDM Inventory Directorate (2006) in Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara recorded three geothermal potential fields namely: Atadei, Roma and Adum. Geothermal sources are generally associated with near-extinguished volcanoes or are still active. Requirements for geothermal formation are the existence of heat sources (magma), reservoir rocks, capstone and aquifers. Inventory and exploration results. This paper is focused on the calculation of reserves, namely the fact that geothermal energy can be extracted and the potential electricity that can be generated in the geothermal of X field, Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The initial stages of the effort to determine the potential for geothermal energy starts from planned and integrated exploration which includes geological, geochemical, geophysical surveying, temperature slope and geothermal test/ exploration drilling which ends with the production well drilling and power plant for electricity if the results test drilling provides a positive picture and energy/electricity demand factors. </em><em>Reserve of geothermal energy which in fact can be taken in the geothermal field X is 3.94 x 1011 KJ and the amount of potential electricity that can be generated is 41 Mwe so that the geothermal of X field prospects and feasible to be developed as a Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) so that the electricity needs of the Lembata Regency community of 5 MWe can be fulfilled.</em></p>
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Xin, Yongrong, Muhammad Khyzer Bin Dost, Hamza Akram, and Waqas Ahmad Watto. "Analyzing Pakistan’s Renewable Energy Potential: A Review of the Country’s Energy Policy, Its Challenges, and Recommendations." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316123.
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Pakistan’s dependence on imported fuels has led to a massive electrical shortfall, stifling the country’s socioeconomic growth. Pakistan’s energy gap is between 5000 and 8000 megawatts (MW), with a 6–8% yearly growth predicted, therefore, it needs more sustainable and renewable energy sources. Pakistan uses solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass for renewable energy. Pakistan needs cheap energy to support its economic growth. Most of the world’s energy is currently conventionally produced. The objective of this research is to analyze the opportunities that are afforded by renewable energy sources as well as the role that the government plays in the process of policy formulation. An examination of qualitative data from research works, journals, and government annual performance reports is presented. This study investigates renewable energy sources and government policy. According to the study, renewable energy resources are abundant. The renewable energy plan has no effect on real implementation. This research paper examines electricity restrictions, the transition to renewable energy sources, and Pakistan’s renewable energy policy difficulties. After analyzing the nation’s renewable energy potential, practical implications were made to promote it, for example 1710-megawatt wind installations. There are currently 217-megawatt biogas power stations being developed. Accelerating the energy transition to the nation’s future energy perspectives is a priority for sustainable development.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Renewable energy sources Government policy Australia"
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Valenti, Devan. "Diversifying South Africa's renewable energy mix through policy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96742.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is one of the most energy-intensive economies in the world, with around 90 per cent of its electricity generated using coal as a primary resource. As such, the South African energy system remains on a highly unsustainable path, and the potential for long-term growth and prosperity of the economy is thwarted. The alternative to conventional energy, renewable energy, has unfortunately been relatively slow to take off in the South Africa market. This is disappointing considering the country’s wealth of natural resources required for renewable energy generation. The potential of renewable energy to contribute to the South African energy mix is thus significant. The transition to a green economy, and subsequently a more sustainable energy future, is therefore achievable and realistic. However, national policies aimed at promoting the deployment of renewable energy have been thwarted by inconsistencies, lack of coordination, and proved relatively ineffective at increasing the country’s renewable energy capacity to its full potential. The recent policy changes from a feed-in tariff to a competitive tender approach dented investor confidence in the South African renewable energy industry significantly. Nevertheless, renewable energy policy in South Africa is still in its infancy, and valuable lessons are still to be learnt and incorporated into future policies going forward. A critical analysis of the current policy identifies the need for amendment to the structure of the policy landscape. The current policy strongly favours larger, more established and mature renewable technologies, whilst completely neglecting smaller and less mature ones. This not only results in a highly undiversified renewable energy mix, which has considerable negatives in itself, but also reduces the ability of the policy to capture a host of significant opportunities and advantages associated with small-scale renewable energy projects. The importance of diversifying South Africa’s renewable energy mix was therefore ones of the principal stances of this study, and intervention that ensured diversification within the industry was therefore vital. This study fundamentally designs and proposes a revised policy system that makes use of both competitive tenders and feed-in tariffs within the policy framework. In essence, this would allow for greater diversification within the renewable energy industry. The competitive tender component should be used for larger, more established technologies and projects, while the feed-in tariff should be used to drastically stimulate investment in smaller technologies and projects. By making use of a dual-mechanism system, the benefits associated with small-scale renewable energy projects can be realized without any noteworthy opportunity costs foregone. These benefits include diversification of the renewable energy mix; stimulation of smaller technologies; increased job creation; and stabilisation of supply volatility. This study recommends that the current renewable energy policy in South Africa be reassessed for both its relevancy within the South African context as well as its ability to effectively promote the deployment of alternative energy technologies. In an ever-changing and globalising world, where exogenous influences on national policies are stronger than ever, it becomes necessary and of utmost importance that policies are evaluated constantly in order to ensure their effectiveness is at optimal level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie is een van die energie-intensiefstes ter wêreld, met steenkool as hoofbron vir sowat 90 persent van die land se kragopwekking. Die Suid-Afrikaanse energiestelsel as sulks bly dus op 'n onstabiele pad, en die potensiaal vir langdurige ekonomiese groei en welvaart word geknel. As teenvoeter vir konvensionele krag het hernubare energie steeds stadig veld gewen in die plaaslike mark – wat teleurstellend is as die land se rykdom aan natuurlike bronne vir hernubare energie-opwekking in ag geneem word. Hernubare energie het dus 'n aansienlike potensiaal om tot die Suid-Afrikaanse energiemengsel by te dra. Die oorgang na 'n groen ekonomie, en gevolglik na 'n volhoubaarder energie-toekoms, is daarom bereikbaar en realisties. Nasionale beleide oor hoe die uitrol van hernubare energie bevorder word, is egter tot dusver gestrem deur ongereeldhede en 'n gebrek aan koördinasie, en was gevolglik relatief ondoeltreffend om die land se hernubare energiekapasiteit ten volle te verhoog. Die onlangse beleidsveranderinge vanaf 'n toevoertarief na 'n mededingende tenderbenadering het beleggersvertroue aansienlik geskaad. Suid-Afrika se hernubare energiebeleid is nietemin nog in sy kinderskoene, met kosbare lesse wat geleer kan word en vir die pad vorentoe in toekomsplanne ingewerk kan word. 'n Kritiese ontleding van die huidige beleid wys hoe nodig 'n aangepaste struktuur vir die beleidsraamwerk is. Die huidige beleid begunstig groter, meer gevestigde en ontwikkelde tegnologieë terwyl kleiner en minder ontwikkeldes heeltemal afgeskeep word. Dit het tot gevolg nie net 'n hoogs ongediversifiseerde mengsel van hernubare energie nie, wat op sigself 'n aantal nadele inhou, maar boonop verminder dit die beleid se vermoë om vele betekenisvolle geleenthede en voordele aan te gryp wat gepaard gaan met kleinskaalse projekte vir hernubare energie. Dat die diversifisering van Suid-Afrika se hernubare energiesamestelling belangrik is, was dus een van dié studie se hoofbenaderings, asook dat ingryping ter wille van diversifisering binne die bedryf onontbeerlik is. Hierdie studie bied 'n ingrypende ontwerp en voorstel vir 'n hersiene beleidstelsel, met mededingende tenders asook toevoertariewe binne die beleidsraamwerk. Dit sal in wese ruimte laat vir groter diversifikasie binne die hernubare energiebedryf. Die mededingende tendergedeelte behoort vir groter, meer gevestigde tegnologieë en projekte gebruik te word, terwyl die toevoertariewe kan dien om belegging in kleiner tegnologieë en projekte te stimuleer. Deur 'n stelsel van tweeledige meganismes kan die voordele van kleinskaalse hernubare energieprojekte realiseer sonder die inboet van noemenswaardige geleentheidskoste. Dié voordele sluit in, om enkeles te noem, die diversifikasie van die hernubare energie-toneel; die stimuleer van kleiner tegnologieë met gepaardgaande groter werkskepping; en toenemende plaaslike produkvervaardiging. Met dié studie word aanbeveel dat Suid-Afrika se huidige beleid oor hernubare energie heroorweeg word, rakende die relevansie daarvan binne die landskonteks asook die beleid se vermoë om die ontplooiing van alternatiewe energietegnologieë doeltreffend te bevorder. In 'n voortdurend veranderende en globaliserende wêreld, met buite-invloede op nasionale beleidsrigtings sterker as ooit, word dit noodsaaklik en uiters belangrik dat beleide voortdurend heroorweeg word om die doeltreffendheid daarvan op die gunstigste vlak te verseker.
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Kinrade, Peter. "Sustainable energy in Australia : an analysis of performance and drivers relative to other OECD countries /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3613.
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Friedman, Howard Lawrence. "Federal and state renewable energy policy : lessons from the late 1970's and early 1980's /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020318/.
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Abotah, Remal. "Evaluation of Energy Policy Instruments for the Adoption of Renewable Energy: Case of Wind Energy in the Pacific Northwest U.S." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2128.
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The wide use of renewable energy technologies for generating electricity can be seen as one way of meeting environmental and climate change challenges along with a progression to a low-carbon economy. A large number of policy instruments have been formed and employed to support the adoption of renewable energy technologies in the power generation sector. However, the success of these policies in achieving their goals relies on how effective they are in satisfying their targets and thus increasing renewable energy adoption. One measurement for effectiveness of policy instruments can be their contribution to the input of the process of renewable energy adoption and their effect on satisfying regional goal.
The objective of this research is evaluate the effectiveness of energy policy instruments on increasing the adoption of renewable energy by developing a comprehensive evaluation model. Criteria used in this assessment depend on five perspectives that are perceived by decision makers as important for adoption process. The decision model linked the perspectives to policy targets and various energy policy instruments. These perspectives are: economic, social, political, environmental and technical. The research implemented the hierarchical decision model (HDM) to construct a generalized policy assessment framework. Data for wind energy adoption in the Pacific Northwest region were collected as a case study and application for the model. Experts' qualitative judgments were collected and quantified using the pair-wise comparison method and the final rankings and effectiveness of policy alternatives with respect to the mission were identified. Results of this research identified economic feasibility improvement of renewable energy projects as the most influential perspective and that renewable portfolio standards and tax credits are the two most effective criteria to accomplish that. The research also applied sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis to identify the effect of regional perspectives future priority changes on determining the most effective policy for this perspective. Results showed that renewable portfolio standards and tax credits were found to be the two most effective policies among the alternatives assessed. The research model and outcome can serve as policy check tool in policy making for renewable energy development in any region. Based on the overall research findings, policymakers can apply specific policy instruments to support adoption efforts for any given scenario and regional emphasis.
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Ong, Corinne. "Energy Paths and Political Commitments: Their Roles in Environmental Inequality." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500097/.
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Decentralized renewable energy procurement has gained traction in recent years for its potential to alleviate rural energy poverty and environmental degradation in developing countries. Hence, this study investigates if deploying renewable energy can mitigate rural energy poverty in developing countries as often claimed. Because any energy regime cannot be initiated or sustained without the conviction of local political leaders, the study also evaluates the extent to which government investments in the development of renewable energy technologies and the energy sector, affect the environmental quality (i.e. greenhouse gas emissions) of developing countries. Energetic theory and environmental inequality constitute the key conceptual premises guiding this study. Ordinary least squares regression is utilized to analyze the relationship between key variables. The results reveal that as of 2010, use of renewable energy can indeed support rural electrification. Higher GNI per capita and use of conventional fuels are also positively related to rural electrification, all else equal. As for environmental degradation in 2005 and 2008, R&D investments actually tend to increase GHG emissions; procuring energy from either renewable or non-renewable sources is however, found to be environmentally detrimental, net of all other variables. Finally, some evidence is found for the role of aid funds and multilateral debt in abating GHG emissions.
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Nelson, Edward. "Hydropower in Scotland : linking changing energy and environmental agendas with sustainability outcomes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20282.
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As the UK energy sector moves to a greater contribution from low-carbon and renewable sources it faces significant challenges in delivering affordability, security of supply and sustainability. Although hydropower in Scotland emerged on a large scale in the mid-20th century against an influential, changing wider context of energy policy, environmental regulation and debate, it is now subject to an evolving renewables agenda. This further shapes the national and scheme level characteristics of hydropower and in turn outcomes for the water environment. Contingent upon these considerations, hydropower regulation must now deliver on EU obligations to protect and improve the ecological status of water bodies, whilst also supporting domestic efforts to meet high profile binding renewable energy targets. Yet, despite an acknowledged potential for energy policy to constrain the delivery of water policy objectives, there is little policy harmonisation between disciplines. As Scotland orientates itself as a leader in Europe on climate change, transitioning to increasing amounts of renewable generation across a handful of technologies, there is a gap in knowledge about how specific renewable policies and trends can influence hydropower sustainability outcomes and regulatory challenges. This thesis therefore contributes an innovative and timely critical examination of the effect a changing wider renewable energy and policy context has on hydropower sustainability in Scotland, at a scheme and national level. This research uses an interdisciplinary, temporal analysis to identify linkages and create dialogue between disciplines and scales, informing the pursuit of sustainable renewable energy through policy and regulation in a changing world. It finds firstly, that the changing national generation mix towards an increased contribution from renewable sources, including potentially intermittent technologies such as wind power, has contributed to an alteration in the operational characteristics and reservoir variability profile of Cruachan pumped-storage scheme, presenting positive outcomes for reservoir littoral habitats. Secondly, it finds that whilst not operating in isolation, renewable energy incentive policies, through their eligibility criteria, financial reward frameworks and timing, influence hydropower characteristics and sustainability challenges, providing trade-offs but also synergies for hydropower regulation. Finally, it finds that there is a degree of divergence in hydropower outcomes and challenges in Scotland and Norway, due to the characteristics and especially interaction of wider contextual elements such as topography, profile of precipitation input, national energy needs and the role of regional and municipal government. By highlighting these linkages, this thesis is of value to energy policy and environmental regulation in Scotland and across the EU, and is seen as a first step in addressing these uncertainties and supporting a more integrated and sustainable hydropower and renewables governance framework.
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Cilliers, Bronwyn Lee. "An industry analysis of the South African biofuels industry." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9002.
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Biofuels have been used as an energy source for heating and cooking since the beginning of time. However, recent changes in the demand for energy, and in particular, renewable energy, have spurred the growth of liquid biofuel industries in developed countries. Many developing countries, including South Africa have the potential to produce biofuels with benefits extending into the economic and social spheres. Despite government commitments and targets, the South African biodiesel and bio-ethanol industries have stalled in the starting blocks. This research aims to assess the reasons why.
South Africa does not have the climate to compete with Brazil in bio-ethanol production and the scope for bioethanol is limited by environmental factors. However our neighbours show significantly more promise in this area. Biodiesel production is more likely to be commercially viable due to the country’s ability to grow oil crops and the need for the by-products.
Despite the availability of land for cultivation of energy crops, the required technology and suitable infrastructure, progress has been slow. Uncertainty, high risk and misdirected government interventions have hampered investment in the sector and those involved in biofuel projects are very negative about the government’s ability to stimulate the industry. Consequently, they are looking towards importing feedstock material and exporting the biofuel. This will create a limited number of jobs, but will be energy and carbon negative, and will not aid rural development.
Currently there is no medium or large scale virgin oil to biofuel producer operating in the country and the start-up dates for projects are beyond 2013. The WVO biodiesel industry has grown rapidly in the last five years but is limited to small scale operators with limited benefit potential.
With the exception of Brazil, other world leaders in biofuels are facing heavy criticism and the mechanisms used to initially boost the industry have very limited application in South Africa. The benefits of biofuel production in South Africa are plentiful and align well with social need and development goals.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Mitchell, Keith Owen, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Optimisation of the applications of sustainable energy systems." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26947.
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This work examines issues that are restricting the wider adaptation of sustainable (‘renewable’) energy systems in Australia and elsewhere. Several new innovative areas of opportunity for improving the application of wind and solar PV based systems have been explored and developed. A number of financial and regulatory obstructions to wind and solar systems and grid connection are examined and a number of regulatory changes to the regulatory electricity codes are suggested.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Wilson, Kweku N. "The underlying differences in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions control and renewable energy : three European countries approaches to policy." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29843.
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Revells, Tristan Edward. "Mobilizing Microbes: The Path to China’s First Renewable Energy Industry, 1892-1946." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-ysmg-zr21.
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China is a leading producer of alternative energy in the present day, while much of its economic rise under the CCP in the late 20th century was driven by the successful development of domestic coal and gas resources in the 1960s and 70s. But the drive to secure autonomous sources of energy to propel economic development and protect national security well predates China’s transition to socialism at midcentury. This dissertation explores the emergence of technocratic state rule in 20th century China by investigating the development of a biofuel industry designed to ensure energy security during war with imperial Japan. During the early to mid-1930s, Chiang Kai-Shek’s KMT government began supporting scientific research on ethanol-based biofuel production as a means of preserving fuel supplies should Japanese forces successfully blockade supply routes into the country during wartime. As exactly this scenario came to pass in the late 1930s, a network of more than 100 private and state-run ethanol plants were constructed along new roadways spanning the country’s southwestern interior. By 1945, millions of gallons a year of ethanol-based “dongli jiujing” fueled the logistical chains of both Chinese and US troops stationed throughout the China theater.
The fusion of statecraft and science manifested in the dongli jiujing program both points forward to state-led energy and heavy industrial development in the 1950s and 1960s under Mao’s CCP, and represents one of the top accomplishments of KMT agencies like the National Resources Commission, a powerful technocratic agency which held up the wartime biofuel industry as a paradigmatic example of successful state-led economic development. While scholarship on heavy industry in China often focuses on the latter half of the 20th century, this dissertation demonstrates that by the mid 1930s, the development of the biofuel industry welded political visions for a sovereign, industrially powerful China with the technical expertise of chemists and microbiologists at the National Bureau of Industrial Research (NBIR), a state funded institution for applied science research oriented at developing heavy industries. And it points out that many of the scientists involved in the dongli jiujing program would continue development work in fields like agricultural chemistry and the biochemical industry under the CCP.
Engaging with and contributing to recent scholarship on the history of science and technology in Asia, “Mobilizing Microbes” also traces the global circulation of fermentation-related knowledge that informed NBIR attempts to harness microbial life for the industrial production of alcohol. And finally, it explores connections that brought together in unexpected ways the craft knowledge and practices of China’s domestic brewing industry with modernizing visions for a powerful, fully sovereign China propounded by scientists and statesmen as the midpoint of the 20th century drew near.
Books on the topic "Renewable energy sources Government policy Australia"
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on Science and Technology. Renewable energy: Practicalities. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Brown, Diane H. Inventory of renewable energy resources eligible for the Maryland Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard. Annapolis, Md: Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, 2006.
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Victoria. Office of the Auditor-General. Facilitating renewable energy development. Melbourne, Vic: Victorian Government Printer, 2011.
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Colorado. Governor's Renewable Energy Task Force. Renewable energy in Colorado's future: Recommendations of the Governor's Renewable Energy Task Force. Denver, CO: Governor's Office of Energy Conservation, 1997.
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Wylie, Lillian. Energy and the environmental challenge: Lessons from the European Union and Australia. Bruxelles: P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2011.
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AGRICULTURE, US DEPARTMENT OF. USDA Energy Council: Advancing renewable energy. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 2008.
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Winkler, Harald. Cleaner energy, cooler climate: Developing sustainable energy solutions for South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2009.
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Sources, Ontario Legislative Assembly Select Committee on Alternative Fuel. Select Committee on Alternative Fuel Sources final report. Toronto: The Committee, 2002.
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Green energy economies: The search for clean and renewable energy. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
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Fleay, Brian J. Sustainable energy policy for Australia: Submission to the Dept. of Primary Industry and Energy Green Paper 1996. Perth, W.A: Institute for Science and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Renewable energy sources Government policy Australia"
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Okonkwo, Paul C., El Manaa Barhoumib, Wesam H. Beitelmal, Israr I. U. Hassan, Michael Nnamdi Azubuike, Fadhil Khadoum Al Housnia, and Florence Jonathan. "The Uses of Renewable Energy in Buildings." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 257–74. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7023-4.ch012.
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Only 5% of Australia's energy utilization comes from renewables, while 86.3% of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels. Nonetheless, this pattern has been disturbed by the ongoing decommissioning and closure of old coal power plants, alongside the Australian policy to reduce fossil fuel emissions. Presently, Australia is at a pivotal phase of its change to renewable energy power generation and utilization specifically in residential and commercial buildings. Sustainability in renewable energy utilization is being achieved through guided government policies, reasonable energy costs, and improved energy technology transfer approaches. To give a refreshed delineation of renewable energy, related government policy, and the route ahead in the Australian setting, this chapter presents a deliberate Australia update with renewable energy generation and utilization in Australian buildings.
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Ilic, Biljana Stojan. "Renewable Energy Sources Management and Role of Ecological Parks." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 220–28. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8970-9.ch014.
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On the global level, governments are leading the national policy for development of modern technology and alternative energy resources. The tendencies of sustainable development are reflected in the realization of using renewable energy resources that contribute to a more diversified and more efficient use of clean energy. The aim of this chapter is to represent adequate responses to the efficient management at the state level that created all necessary conditions for sustainable development and energy efficiency using renewable energy resources in countries of European Union. Legal regulations, energy policy, short, medium and long-term strategy with a stimulating policy, can contribute for achieving adequate results in terms of sustainable development. The aims of this policy would be reflected in the development of eco-industrial parks and clean energy that contribute development of new companies, employment, on the state budget and local government levels.
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Ilic, Biljana Stojan. "Renewable Energy Sources Management and Role of Ecological Parks." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 193–202. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch009.
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On the global level, governments are leading the national policy for development of modern technology and alternative energy resources. The tendencies of sustainable development are reflected in the realization of using renewable energy resources that contribute to a more diversified and more efficient use of clean energy. The aim of this chapter is to represent adequate responses to the efficient management at the state level that created all necessary conditions for sustainable development and energy efficiency using renewable energy resources in countries of European Union. Legal regulations, energy policy, short, medium and long-term strategy with a stimulating policy, can contribute for achieving adequate results in terms of sustainable development. The aims of this policy would be reflected in the development of eco-industrial parks and clean energy that contribute development of new companies, employment, on the state budget and local government levels.
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Bishop, Ian D. "Sequential Experiences in Energy Producing Landscapes." In Geospatial Intelligence, 1831–53. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8054-6.ch082.
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Wind turbines are a major presence in the landscapes of some countries. This presence will become more widespread across the world as the need to reduce coal dependence becomes more broadly accepted. This chapter uses the situation of the state of Victoria in southern Australia to explore the possible extent of landscape change under a move to 100% renewable energy sources, and to explore the key variables and tools for analysis and communication, which will identify the consequences and support planning. A scenario for a future level of wind power generation in Victoria is proposed, potential sites identified, and then the visual impact of these analyzed, not simply on a case-by-case basis but as a system of facilities across the landscape. People travelling by road, or train, will be particularly aware of the extent to which the change is pervasive and new analytical parameters, such as Zipf distribution and fractal dimension, are illustrated. New policy approaches and modes of impact communication are proposed.
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Bishop, Ian D. "Sequential Experiences in Energy Producing Landscapes." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 230–51. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8150-7.ch011.
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Wind turbines are a major presence in the landscapes of some countries. This presence will become more widespread across the world as the need to reduce coal dependence becomes more broadly accepted. This chapter uses the situation of the state of Victoria in southern Australia to explore the possible extent of landscape change under a move to 100% renewable energy sources, and to explore the key variables and tools for analysis and communication, which will identify the consequences and support planning. A scenario for a future level of wind power generation in Victoria is proposed, potential sites identified, and then the visual impact of these analyzed, not simply on a case-by-case basis but as a system of facilities across the landscape. People travelling by road, or train, will be particularly aware of the extent to which the change is pervasive and new analytical parameters, such as Zipf distribution and fractal dimension, are illustrated. New policy approaches and modes of impact communication are proposed.
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Ali, Muhammad Mahboob. "Bilateral Cooperation Between Australia and Bangladesh in Diverse Areas." In Strategic Cooperation and Partnerships Between Australia and South Asia, 117–45. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8657-0.ch006.
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This chapter discussed the multi- sectoral bilateral cooperation between Australia and Bangladesh during and post-COVID-19-related to interregional trade, foreign investment, ready-made-garments export, education, blue economy, microfinance, tourism, renewable energy, and finally, fulfillment of targets of SDGs. How do diverse areas of bilateral cooperation between Bangladesh and Australia become more efficient and effective in resource utilization and bring socio-economic benefits? Advancement in economic cooperation in both the countries may be improved from trade and investment, enhancement of education using Australian model, improvement and enhancement in energy, blue economy, education, health, and RMG sector. Australian partnership will be helpful for government agencies, policy makers, and associated stakeholders of Bangladesh for future improvements and development interventions in diverse multisector areas. Emphasis needs to be given to ecofriendly sustainability as suggested by the author to meet the climate change and sustainability goals.
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Khiratkar, Bela, Shankar Mukundrao Khade, and Abhishek Dutt Tripathi. "Biogas." In Biomass and Bioenergy Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainability, 119–28. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5269-1.ch007.
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Biogas is a renewable natural gas used in production of energy which is generated by breakdown of organic matter by anaerobic digestion. It is a composition of methane, carbon dioxide, and some other gases in small quantities. The most common natural resources for production of biogas are aquatic sediments, animal waste, crop residues, wastewater sludge, and many others. Some other sources are landfills, water lagoons, etc., which are a result of human activity. There are several technologies used for biogas production, mainly biodigesters, wastewater treatment plants, and landfill gas recovery systems. Production of biogas is highly dependent on the feedstock availability and the policy support by the government.
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Okay, Esin. "More Obstacles to the Growth of ESCOs in Turkey." In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy, 125–45. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1196-1.ch008.
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Sustainable and clean sources of energy is an issue of financial challenges for developing countries. Turkey has a considerable potential for a sustainable and cheap form of energy. As a developing country, Turkey implemented policies to improve renewables and energy efficiency in line with EU requirements. But there is incompetence of policy making and practice in which lack of familiarity with infrastructure investment and financing methods challenge renewable energy utilization in Turkey. The weak rule of law does not help to obtain culture, awareness, and consciousness of energy efficiency in Turkey. The enactment of raising awareness of energy saving projects and companies for reducing costs of energy efficiency should be the first priority of government. Beyond infrastructural problems, the key failure of ESCOs is lack of risk culture and poor risk management. Nowadays, the ongoing economic obstacles enhanced and ESCOs are facing financial distress and corporate debt restructuring which will affect the growth of energy savings in Turkey.
Conference papers on the topic "Renewable energy sources Government policy Australia"
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Escobar, Rodrigo, and Teresita Larrain. "Net Energy for Concentrated Solar Power in Chile." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54130.
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The Chilean Energy Policy calls for 15 percent of new power generation capacity to come from renewable energy sources from 2006 to 2010, and then a 5% of electric energy generated from renewable energy sources with gradual increases in order to reach 10% by 2024. Neither the government nor the power generation sector plans mention solar energy to be part of the renewable energy initiative. Part of this apparent lack of interest in solar energy might be due to the absence of a valid solar energy database, adequate for energy system planning activities. Monthly means of solar radiation are used in order to estimate the solar fraction for a 100 MW plant for four given locations. Our analysis considers two cases: operation during sunlight hours, and continuous operation during 24 hours a day. A net energy analysis for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants in Chile is then performed, considering the energy costs of manufacturing, transport, installation, operation and decommissioning. The results indicate that the CSP plants are a net energy source in three of the four locations, when operating in sunlight-only mode. This is due to the lower radiation levels available at that location, which implies a high fossil fuel back-up fraction. In the continuous operation mode, the CSP plants become fossil fuel plants with solar assistance, and therefore all locations display negative net energy. Based on this result, the back-up fraction required for the plants to be net energy sources is estimated from the EROEI as function of the back-up fraction. It is estimated that the net energy analysis is a useful tool for determining under which conditions a CSP plant becomes a net energy source, and thus can be utilized in order to define geographical locations and operation conditions where they can be considered renewable energy sources.
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Hoffenson, Steven, and Marcin Wisniowski. "An Electricity Grid As an Agent-Based Market System: Exploring the Effects of Policy on Sustainability." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86031.
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Electricity generation is a major source of air pollution, contributing to nearly one-third of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. As with most goods, production must keep up with the projected consumer demand, and the industry is subject to government regulations at the federal, state, and local levels. This study models the New Jersey electric grid as a market system, using agent-based modeling to represent individual consumers and power companies making utility-maximizing decisions. Each consumer agent is prescribed a unique value function that includes factors such as income, energy intensity, and environmental sensitivity, and they are able to make decisions about how much energy they use and whether they opt into a renewable energy program. Power producers are modeled to keep up with demand and minimize their cost per unit of electricity produced, and they include options to prefer either on-demand or renewable energy sources. Using this model, different scenarios are examined with respect to producer strategy and government policy. The results provide a proof-of-concept for the modeling approach, and they reveal interesting trends about how the markets are expected to react under different scenarios.
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Chung, Moon-Sun, and Jong-Won Kim. "Status and Issues of Hydrogen Energy R&D in Korea." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54010.
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In the era of fossil fuel shortage and soaring oil prices under the condition of severe environmental problems we are facing now, an increasing need for sustainable development of new energy technology as a substitute of fossil fuel has become an issue of great concern throughout the world. Most of energy consumed in Korea, over 96%, is imported from foreign countries, especially Middle East. Korea is now ranked the 10th energy consumed country in the world. That is why we are interesting in hydrogen economy. As a result, hydrogen and fuel cell technology was selected as one of economic growth engines for next generation, and strongly supported by Korea government. Also, the government set Hydrogen Economy Policy in 2005. There are four R&D programs on hydrogen and fuel cell in Korea. Two of them are supported by MEST (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology) and others are funded by MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy). The hydrogen production technologies examined in Korea cover 3 main bases, fossil fuel, renewable energy including bio-hydrogen technology, and nuclear power. In October 2003, Korean government launched Hydrogen Energy R&D Center (HERC) as a member of the 21st Century Frontier R&D programs supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). The HERC has conducted research on the key technologies for the production, storage, and utilization of hydrogen energy for expediting realization of hydrogen economy based on renewable energy sources. The main purposes of this paper are to overview the current status of research programs conducted by Hydrogen Energy R&D Center based on the patent applications as well as research topics and to introduce specific achievements in each research program.