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1
Collett, Jason A. "Renal Humoral, Genetic and Genomic Mechanisms Underlying Spontaneous Hypertension." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/24.
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In spite of significant progress in our knowledge of mechanisms that control blood pressure, our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension, its genetics, and population efforts to control blood pressure, hypertension remains the leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. It’s estimated that 1 out of every 3 adults has hypertension. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, and is considered a primary or contributing cause of death to more than 2.4 million US deaths each year. Although spontaneous hypertension has been the subject of substantial research, many critical questions remain unanswered.
To investigate mechanisms underlying spontaneous hypertension, a unique rodent breeding approach was used to isolate nuclear and mitochondrial genes contributing to the disease. By diluting the nuclear genome of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat on a normotensive Brown Norway background while maintaining the SHR mitochondrial genome, I investigated both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of the kidney and its relationship to hypertension. Chapter 2 documents the dominance of the hypertensive phenotype in our rodent colony, despite the dilution of the nuclear genome of the SHR. Chapter 3 presents data indicating that the renin-angiotensin system, particularly the location and abundance of the AT1 receptor may play an important role in the manifestation of spontaneous hypertension. Chapter 4 presents that rats in our rodent colony exhibited normal pressure-natriuresis and kidney function; however, hypertensive rats had a reduced ability to sense orally ingested sodium chloride, thus necessitating chronic elevations of arterial pressure in order to maintain sodium balance. This chronic pressure-natriuresis relationship shifts the renal function curve to the right, thus sustaining elevated blood pressure. Chapter 5 presents data that genes important for oxidative phosphorylation may play a critical role in the development of hypertension. Both nuclear and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes were downregulated in hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats. Data presented in every chapter highlights the importance of the kidney in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Humoral, genetic and genomic mechanisms of the kidney appear to play a dominant role in the development and maintenance of the disease.
2
Chau, Hien Nguyet 1977. "Renal calcification in Npt2 knockout mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78338.
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Mice homozygous for the disrupted renal type 11a sodium/phosphate (Na/Pi) cotransporter gene, Npt2, (Npt2 KO) exhibit renal Pi wasting and hypercalciuria, predisposing factors for renal stone formation. We observed that Npt2 KO mice, but not wild-type littermates form renal stones. The renal stones were evident in newborn, weanling and adult mice and composed of calcium (Ca) and Pi. The presence of renal calcification correlated with the absence of Npt2 gene expression and the presence of genes responsible for the synthesis (1alpha-hydroxylase) and catabolism (24-hydroxylase) of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, whose elevated levels contribute to the hypercalciuria and renal calcification in Npt2 KO mice. The renal calcification was associated with increased osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression and colocalized with OPN, the latter associates with renal stones in vivo and inhibits Ca mineralization in vitro). These data demonstrate that hyperphosphaturia and hypercalciuria, secondary to Npt2 gene disruption, are sufficient for the development of renal calcification.
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Geraghty, Dominic P., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Alterations in renal and myocardial adrenoceptors associated with ethynyloestradiol- and levonorgestrel-induced hypertension in the rat." Deakin University. School of Sciences, 1988. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051123.133239.
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Hypertension is one of many side effects of oral contraceptive use in a small percentage of women. Although the underlying pathology has yet to be fully resolved, alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, sympathetic nervous system/ renal and cardiac function have been implicated. In the thesis to be presented, the possible involvement of alterations in renal and myocardial adrenoceptor characteristics in the pathogenesis of steroid contraceptive-induced hypertension in rats was examined by radioligand binding techniques.
In Chapter 2, a rat model of OC hypertension is described. Chronic low-dose administration of ethynyloestradiol (EE2),
levonorgestrel (NG) or a combination of both steroids (EE2/NG) to female Sprague-Dawley rats was shown to significantly increase systolic blood pressure (SBP). Renal and cardiac hypertrophy developed in association with EE2-, EE2/NG- but not NG-induced hypertension. Moreover, whereas administration of NG alone attenuated body weight gain, combined EE2/NG administration increased body weight gain from the second week of treatment onwards. Based on the above observations, it is proposed that EE2 and NG induce hypertension in rats via different mechanisms.
Although SBP was elevated to a similar maximum in all steroid-treated groups (+ 20 mmHg compared to controls), only with EE2 administration did SBP remain elevated for the duration of the 17 week treatment regimen. NG may therefore have a protective effect on blood pressure with long-term combined steroid contraceptive treatment.
In Chapter 4, renal adrenoceptors were characterized using radioactively labelled adrenocephor antagonists. Under appropriate
conditions, binding of [3H]-prazosin and [3H]-rauwolscine to membrane
preparations of whole rat kidney displayed the kinetics, saturability
and specificity of α1- and α2 -adrenoceptors respectively, which were present in a ratio 3:1. In contrast, [3H]-dihydroergocryptine ([3H]-DHE) apparently bound to both α1 and α2-adrenoceptors. Binding sites identified by [125I] iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) had the
recognition characteristics of β-adrenoceptors. In drug competition studies using the subtype-selective antagonists practolol (β1) and ICI 118,551 (β2)/ the ratio of β1- to β2 -adrenoceptors was found to be approximately 2:1.
Subsequently, renal adrenoceptors were investigated at various stages during the development of hypertension with the different steroid contraceptive treatments (Chapters 5 and 6). Preliminary binding studies with [3H]-DHE and [3H]-prazosin suggested that the number of renal α2 - but not α1-adrenoceptors was reduced in rats with established EE2-induced hypertension (17 weeks treatment). This was subsequently confirmed using [3H]-rauwolscine, which in addition showed that the reduction in renal α2 -adrenoceptor number occurred during the developmental stage of EE2/NG~induced hypertension (6 weeks treatment) and established EE2-induced hypertension (12 weeks treatment). NG induced hypertension was unassociated with changes in renal α1- and α2-adrenoceptor characteristics. Renal β-adrenoceptor affinity was reduced in established EE2-, but not NG- or EE2/NG- induced hypertension. Moreover, the β-adrenoceptor agonist (-)-isoprenaline bound to renal β-adrenoceptors with reduced affinity following EE2 administration.
Several endogenous and synthetic steroids were found to be ineffective inhibitors of [3H] prazosin, [3H] rauwolscine and ICYP binding excluding a direct interaction of these steroids with renal α1-, α2- and β -adrenoceptors.
In Chapter 7, myocardial adrenoceptors were characterized and
investigated in steroid-treated rats. In membrane preparations of whole myocardium, [3H]-prazosin binding was characteristically to α1-
adrenoceptors, whereas there was a notable absence of [3H]-rauwolscine
binding. Using ICYP, β-adrenoceptors were also detected, the ratio of β1- to β2~adrenoceptors being 3:1. Steroid contraceptive-induced hypertension was not associated with myocardial α1-adrenoceptor changes. Similarly, myocardial β-adrenoceptors were unchanged in established EE2-, NG- and EE2/NG-induced hypertension (12 weeks treatment). The affinity of (-)-isoprenaline for myocardial β-adrenoceptors was unaffected by EE2 aditiinistration.
These studies suggest that established EE2- but not NG-induced hypertension in rats is associated with selective alterations in renal α2- and (β-adrenoceptors. These adrenoceptor changes may help to maintain elevated blood pressure by affecting the control of renal function by the sympathetic nervous system, catecholamines and several hormones which affect renin release and the transport of fluid and electrolytes in the nephron.
4
Hoag, Hannah M. "Characterization of the renal and the bone phenotypes of the Npt2 knock out mouse." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30118.
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This study shows that mice homozygous for the disrupted renal sodium-phosphate (Na+-Pi) cotransporter, Npt2, (Npt2 KO) failed to show an age-dependent decrease in renal Na+-Pi cotransport or an adaptive increase in renal Na+-Pi cotransport in response to dietary Pi restriction. None of the other known renal Na+ -Pi cotransporters could compensate for the loss of Npt2. Additionally, Npt2 gene ablation resulted in a marked decrease in osteoclast number that persisted with age. Although mineral apposition rate was normal at 25- and 115-days of age in Npt2 KO mice, bone formation rate was increased at 115-days of age. These data demonstrate that Npt2 gene expression is necessary for an age-dependent decrease in renal Na+-Pi cotransport and for the renal adaptive response to dietary Pi deprivation, and that Npt2 expression is essential for normal osteoclast function and influences bone formation.
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Kos, Claudine H. "The role of the renal sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter genes, NPT1 and NPT2, in inherited hypophosphatemias." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0026/NQ44478.pdf.
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Braga, Marcus Davis Machado. "Effects of Bothrops insularis venom and its isolated fractions on renal and vascular systems." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=40.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorForam investigados os efeitos do veneno da serpente Bothrops insularis e de suas fraÃÃes, lectina, L-aminoÃcido oxidase, trombina sÃmile e fosfolipase A2, no rim isolado e sistema vascular de rato. As fraÃÃes foram purificadas a partir de uma combinaÃÃo de procedimentos cromatogrÃficos, usando colunas de HPLC de exclusÃo molecular, troca iÃnica, fase reversa e colunas de baixa pressÃo de afinidade. Foi utilizada a perfusÃo de rim isolado de rato e a soluÃÃo de Krebs-Henseleit modificada (Bowman, 1970; Fonteles et al. 1998). ParÃmetros selecionados da funÃÃo renal foram avaliados durante as condiÃÃes experimentais, com a infusÃo do veneno e suas fraÃÃes, aos 60, 90, e 120 minutos. Os primeiros 30 minutos serviram de controle interno. No leito arterial sistÃmico de rato (Ferreira, 1965) a pressÃo arterial foi avaliada por manÃmetro conectado por cÃnula à artÃria carÃtida comum, e o veneno injetado na veia jugular. Os registros foram realizados a cada 10 minutos apÃs a administraÃÃo de doses crescentes do veneno, atà a infusÃo da dose de 300mcg, aos 60 minutos. Na PerfusÃo do leito arterial mesentÃrico isolado de rato (McGregor, 1965), utilizou-se a soluÃÃo de Krebs-Henseleit em fluxo constante de 4mL/minuto. A pressÃo de perfusÃo foi registrada manometricamente. A avaliaÃÃo estatÃstica foi determinada por anÃlise de variÃncia (ANOVA) e teste de Bonferroni, com nÃvel de significÃncia menor de 5%. No rim, o grupo tratado com o veneno apresentou reduÃÃo em todos os parÃmetros avaliados, com exceÃÃo da absorÃÃo de potÃssio. Com a lectina a pressÃo de perfusÃo aumentou inicialmente e caiu em seguida, juntamente com o fluxo urinÃrio e o ritmo de filtraÃÃo glomerular. Houve aumento na reabsorÃÃo de sÃdio e potÃssio, com reduÃÃo no clearance osmÃtico. Com a trombina-sÃmile, ocorreu aumento inicial seguido de queda no final em quase todos os parÃmetros, com exceÃÃo da resistÃncia vascular renal. A reabsorÃÃo tubular do sÃdio e do cloro caiu; houve elevaÃÃo inicial do transporte de potÃssio; com aumento seguido de queda do clearance osmÃtico. Com a L-aminoacido oxidase houve queda em todos os parÃmetros avaliados. Com a fosfolipase A2 houve elevaÃÃo nos parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos e vasculares; no transporte tubular de potÃssio e no clearance osmÃtico; com queda na reabsorÃÃo de sÃdio e cloro. Todos os rins mostraram, no final, sinais de necrose tubular aguda, com exceÃÃo dos perfundidos com a trombina-sÃmile. Excetuando os tratados com veneno, todos os rins apresentaram, ao final, extravasamento protÃico para o espaÃo de Bowman. No leito arterial sistÃmico o veneno produziu reduÃÃo na pressÃo arterial sistÃmica diretamente proporcional à quantidade de veneno administrada, excetuando a dose de 10mcg, alÃm de intensa hemorragia pulmonar com proliferaÃÃo de neutrÃfilos e linfÃcitos nos alvÃolos, hemorragia no rim e congestÃo generalizada. No leito arterial mesentÃrico se observou uma reduÃÃo na presÃo quando o veneno foi administrado em leito arterial prÃ-contraÃdo com fenilefrina, como tambÃm isoladamente, na ausÃncia de fenilefrina. O veneno da Bothrops insularis mostrou potencial hemorrÃgico e vasodilatador semelhante aos outros venenos de serpentes do gÃnero, com atividade necrotizante superior nos rins, onde provocou necrose tubular aguda, ao contrario do observado com outros venenos do mesmo gÃnero, em experimentos no rim isolado de rato.
We investigated the biochemical and biological effects of the whole venom from Bothrops insularis (popularly known as âgolden lancetâ), and four of its fractions, a thrombin-like enzyme, a lectin-like substance, an L-amino acid oxidase and a phospholipase A2, in perfused rat kidneys and vascular sistem. The fractions were purified by a combination of Sephadex gel filtration in HPLC columns, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex in reverse phase, low-pressure affinity columns. We used a modified isolated perfused rat kidney assay, with Krebs-Henseleit solution as the perfusion fluid (Bowman, 1970; Fonteles et al., 1998). Selected parameters of renal function during stable experimental conditions were evaluated before and at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after infusion of venom and its fractions, with the first 30 minutes interval constituting the paired control. In the systemic vascular bed (Ferreira, 1965), the arterial pressure was evaluated by a manometer connected through a canule to carotid common artery and the venom was injected into the jugular vein, with registers made at every 10 minutes after administration in increasing doses, until an infusion of 300mcg was reached at 60 minutes. In the isolated rat mesenteric blood vessels method (McGregor, 1965), the perfusions were done with Krebs-Henseleit solution, at a constant flow rate of 4mL/minute. The perfusion pressure was measured manometrically. Statistical evaluations were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni test, at the 5% significance level. In perfused kidney studies, the group treated with the whole venom showed a fall in all physiological parameters, except in potassium transport. With the lectin-like fraction, the perfusion pressure rose initially, followed by a fall, along with urinary flow and glomerular filtration rate. Sodium and potassium tubular reabsorption increased, with a fall in the osmotic clearance. The thrombin-like fraction promoted an initial rise followed by a fall in the end, in almost all parameters except in the renal vascular resistance. The sodium and chloride tubular reabsorption fell. There was an initial rise in the potassium transport, and an initial rise followed by a fall in the osmotic clearance. With the L-amino acid oxidase fraction, there was a fall in all the parameters studied. The Phospholipase A2 fraction induced a rise in the physiological and vascular parameters, as also in the potassium transport and osmotic clearance; accompanied by a fall in sodium and chloride reabsorption. With the exception of the thrombin-like fraction, all the substances tested induced acute tubular necrosis in perfused kidneys in the end. Protein extravasation into the Bowman space was evidenced in all perfused kidneys except in those treated with the whole venom; but was more intense with the thrombin-like fraction. In the systemic arterial bed, the whole venom raised arterial pressure in a dose-dependant manner, except at the concentration of 10mcg; in addition to causing intense pulmonary hemorrhage with neutrophils and alveolar lymphocyte proliferation, renal hemorrhage, and generalized vascular dilatation and congestion. In the isolated mesenteric artery, there was a marked fall in perfusion pressure when the whole venom was infused into the vessel pre-contracted with phenillephrine, as also in the isolated vessel without phenillephrine. We conclude that Bothrops insularis venom shows vasodilatation and hemorrhagic potential, like other venoms of the genus; but, different from other Bothrops venoms, it also reveals a significant necrotic activity when perfused into isolated rat kidney, causing acute tubular necrosis,
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Duffy, Kevin. "Expression, regulation and substrate specificity of organic cation transporters in human renal cell systems." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU223029.
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Active uptake of the organic cation, tetraethylammonium (TEA), was shown in freshly isolated human and rat PT cells. This uptake was both inhibitable and temperature dependent. Several other drug substrates including ipratropium, procainamide, amantadine and pindolol were also actively taken up by fresh HPT cells. The human organic cation transporter, hOCT2, is the principal uptake transporter in the human proximal tubule. HEK cells transfected with hOCT2 were used to screen several drugs as possible substrates for this transporter. Substrates identified included TEA, amantadine, quinine, quinidine, procainamide, pindolol, oxytropium, ipratropium, and imipramine. Kinetic parameters for five of these were used to calculate their intrinsic clearances, which were correlated with renal clearance values in vivo. This correlation was significant (R2=0.814), suggesting that the HEK-hOCT2 cell line can be used to make predictions of the renal clearance expected in man for compounds that are hOCT2 substrates. The second-messenger pathways involved in the regulation of organic cation transport in freshly isolated HPT and RPT cells and HEK-hOCT2 cells were elucidated. Several pathways, most notably involving ALP, PKC and calmodulin, are involved in the regulation of organic cation transport in all these systems. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting were used to detect changes in expression of organic ion transporters in primary cultures of PT cells compared with those in vivo. Expression of apical ion transporters was maintained in these culture systems, while expression of those located basolaterally was down-regulated. As well as successfully predicting in vivo clearance data from cellular uptake rates in vitro, this is the first comprehensive study correlating functional organic cation transport mechanisms with a number of signalling pathways in human renal proximal tubules.
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Peck, Jennifer L. "The Effects of Acute Restraint Stress on Renal Vasculature Reactivity and the Sympathetic Nervous Systems." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1289840898.
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O???Connell, Amanda Elizabeth School of Medical Science UNSW. "Consequences of an altered intrauterine environment on the offspring???s renal, cardiovascular and renin angiotensin systems." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medical Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26320.
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This thesis reports the effects of an altered intrauterine environment on the offspring???s renal, cardiovascular and renin angiotensin systems. After a midgestational asphyxial episode in fetal sheep (30 min total umbilical cord occlusion at 90 days; term 150 days) the hydrops that resulted had not completely resolved by 130 days. While the heart and kidneys were apparently unaffected, the brain and lung weights were 37% and 50% lower than sham values, respectively and there were joint contractures. The effects of maternal renal disease on the offspring were investigated. Although in utero fetuses of subtotally nephrectomised ewes (STNx) had altered urine flow rates, sodium excretion, haematocrits, plasma chloride and plasma renin levels, by 1-2 weeks after birth these values in the lambs (STNxL) were similar to controls (ConL) under baseline conditions. Body weight and the weights of most organs were similar, including the kidney, in which glomerular number was normal. In the neonatal period, the lambs were subjected to four challenges: furosemide (2 mg/kg intravenous bolus), infusion of angiotensin II and phenylephrine, intravenous infusion of 0.15M saline (50 ml/kg over 30 min) and haemorrhage (20% estimated blood volume over 10 min). These challenges revealed evidence of programming of several aspects of the renal, cardiovascular and renin angiotensin systems in the STNx offspring. As young adults at 6 months of age, male and female offspring of STNx ewes were normotensive and had normal renal function. On a high salt diet (HSD, 0.17M NaCl in 8L water for 5-7days), female offspring of both groups did not become hypertensive. However, the STNx offspring must have retained salt and water as plasma sodium was increased and haematocrit was decreased. In the STNx offspring only, there was a relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mean arterial pressure, indicating an inability to maintain a constant GFR in response to changes in arterial pressure.
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Jones, Caroline Elizabeth Mary. "The development, evaluation and use of freshly isolated renal proximal tubule systems from the Fischer rat." Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12575/.
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The investigation of renal pathophysiology and toxicology has traditionally been advanced by the development of increasingly defined and refined in vitro preparations. This study has sought to develop and evaluate various methods of producing pure samples of renal proximal tubules (PTs) from the Fischer rat. The introduction summarised the most common in vitro preparations together with the parameters used to monitor viability - particularly with regard to toxic events. The most prevalent isolation methods have involved the use of collagenase to produce dissociation of the cortex. However, the present study has shown that even the mildest collagenase treatment caused significant structural damage which resulted in a longevity of only 3hr in suspension. An alternative mechanical isolation technique has been developed in this study that consists of perfusion loading the renal glomeruli with Fe304 followed by disruption of the cortex by homogenisation and sequential sieving. The glomeruli are removed magnetically and the PTs then harvested by a 64μM sieve. PTs isolated in this way showed a vastly superior structural preservation over their collagenase isolated counterparts; also oxygen consumption and enzyme leakage measurements showed a longevity in excess of 6hr when incubated in a very basic medium. Attempts were then made to measure the cytosolic calcium levels in both mechanical and collagenase isolated PTs using the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura. However results were inconclusive due to significant binding of the Fura to the external PT surfaces. In conclusion, PTs prepared by the present mechanical isolation technique exhibit superior preservation and longevity compared with even the mildest collagenase isolation technique and hence appear to offer potential advantages over collagenase isolation as an in vitro renal system.
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Harvey, Natalie. "Functional characterization of the renal brush-border membrane Na+-Pi cotransporter in normal and X-linked HYP mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61173.
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The X-linked Hyp mutation is characterized by a specific defect in phosphate (Pi) transport at the renal brush-border membrane (BBM). To understand the mechanism for the 50% decrease in Vmax of the high affinity Pi transport system in BBM of Hyp mice, we compared the effects of external Na$ sp+$ concentration, membrane potential, external pH, and Pi transport inhibitors on Pi uptake in BBM vesicles (BBMV) prepared from normal mice and Hyp littermates.The apparent affinity for Na$ sp+$, the Na$ sp+{:}$Pi stoichiometry, the response to membrane potential and the response to external pH are similar in BBMV from both normals and mutants.
The Ki for phosphonoformic acid (PFA) inhibition of Na$ sp+$-Pi cotransport is lower in BBMV prepared from Hyp mice when compared to normal mice but not different in BBMV from Pi-deprived mice which are characterized by an increase in Vmax of the high affinity Na$ sp+$-Pi cotransport system.
We conclude that the decrease in Vmax of the high affinity Na$ sp+$-Pi cotransport system in the Hyp mouse is not the result of an inappropriate response of the transport system to Na$ sp+$, membrane potential or pH.
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Edward, Clark. "Implementation of a Computerized Decision Support System for Warfarin Dosing in Hemodialysis Patients: A Study of Effectiveness and Safety." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31998.
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Statement of the problem: The risk-benefit profile of warfarin anticoagulation in hemodialysis (HD) patients differs compared to the non-HD population. Computerized decision support systems (CDSS) to assist with anticoagulation management are safe and effective in the non-HD population but had not previously been studied in HD outpatients.
Methods of investigation: A before – after study compared anticoagulation control during pre-existing, nephrologist-led anticoagulation management to that following implementation of a pharmacist-led, CDSS-assisted strategy, in HD patients on warfarin at The Ottawa Hospital.
Results: Forty-two patients were included. Following implementation of the CDSS-assisted strategy, median time-in-range increased by 3.7% (IQR, -9.5% - 20.6%; p = 0.247). Median frequency of INR tests per day decreased: -0.040 (IQR, -0.074 to –0.0008; P = 0.0001). Adverse events were similar.
Conclusion: A CDSS-assisted strategy for anticoagulation management in HD patients is effective, safe and may lead to cost savings related to less frequent INR testing.
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Hewson, A. Stacy (Allison Stacy). "Isolation and characterization of a mouse renal sodium phosphate cotransporter gene and construction of a gene targeting knock-out vector." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23894.
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Na$ sp+$-Pi cotransport across the brush border membrane is the rate limiting step in renal Pi reabsorption. To determine its precise role in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis, we cloned and characterized the renal-specific Na$ sp+$-Pi cotransporter/Npt2 gene and generated a gene targeting vector for the creation of a knockout mouse. The gene was cloned by screening a genomic DNA library with a rat Npt2 cDNA probe. The Npt2 gene is approximately 17kb and contains 13 exons and 12 introns. A targeting construct was generated by inserting 5$ sp prime$ and 3$ sp prime$ homologous arms of 2.1 and 2kb, respectively, into the pPNT vector and replacing 7.7kb of Npt2 with a neomycin resistance gene. The vector also contained the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene for negative selection. After electroporation into embryonic stem cells, clones were picked following selection in G418 and FIAU. Of 100 doubly-resistant clones that were screened by Southern analysis, 6 positive clones were detected giving a targeting frequency of 6%.
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Bedal, Kyle W. "Systems Process Engineering for Renal Transplants at The University of Toledo Medical Center Utilizing the Six Sigma Approach." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1229621313.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2008.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillments of the requirements for The Master of Science in Industrial Engineering." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 69-70.
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Beech, Darren James. "A stereological investigation of the development of the respiratory and renal systems of victims of sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363197.
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Abou, Samra Elias. "Elucidation of the Role of NKR‐P1: CLR Recognition Systems in Intestinal & Renal Epithelial Cell Homeostasis and Immunity." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35747.
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Natural killer (NK) cells represent a crucial component of the innate immune system and are primarily regulated by the interactions of their activation and inhibitory receptors with ligands available on target cells. The genetically linked Ly49 and NKR-P1 family of receptors constitute two of the major regulatory receptor systems used by NK cells and have been shown to bind different ligands. Whereas the Ly49 receptors survey MHC-I ligands on target cells, the NKR-Pl receptor family members bind to various members of the C-type lectin-related (Clr) family. Interestingly, NKR-P1 and Clr haplotypes possess a stable genomic polymorphism across multiple mouse strains, suggesting that this inhibitory receptor:ligand relationship has an important role in the maintenance of host cellular cognate specificities. The NKR-P1 and Clr receptor-ligand pairs identified in mice include the NKR-P1B:Clr-b and the NKR-P1G:Clr-f interacting pairs. Previous RT-PCR and in situ RNA hybridization data generated by our laboratory determined that kidney tubular epithelium as well as the small and large intestinal epithelial cells specifically and highly expresses the Clr-f transcripts. Contrarily, the Clr-b transcripts were only detected on hematopoietic cells of various lymphoid organs and kidneys. Moreover, foregoing studies revealed that the loss of Clr-b following viral or chemical induced stress mediates NK cell killing of the target cell, suggesting a tissue-specific immune-surveillance mechanism in parallel with the global MHC-I-dependent missing-self model. However, the role of the NKR-P1B:Clr-b recognition-system have never been examined in the intestine. Additionally, the role of Clr-f in the kidney and intestines, where they are highly expressed, has not been investigated. For these reasons, I aimed in my thesis to provide a better understanding of the functional aspect of the NKR-P1B:Clr-b and NKR-P1G:Clr-f recognition systems in mediating gut mucosal and renal homeostasis, respectively.
First, in order to determine the role of NKR-P1B and Clrb receptor:ligand pair as a “missing-self” immunosurveillance system in the gut, I started by identifying the expression pattern of both the receptor and ligand on various intestinal cells. My results demonstrate that NK cells do not represent the major NKR-P1B-expressing cells in the gut lamina propria. Instead, ILC3 subsets constituted the predominant cell population expressing the receptor, whereas γδT cells composed a small fraction of NKR-P1B+ lymphocytes. In addition, the NKR-P1B expression on myeloid cells was exclusive to colon macrophages and DC subsets. Interestingly, the highest percentage of NKR-P1B+ immune cells was found in the gut, which suggests the dominant role of NKR-P1B in regulating immune functions at the level of intestinal mucosa. As expected, the expression of the NKR-P1B ligand, Clr-b, appeared on all innate immune cell types in the gut. Next, using oral infection models of Salmonela typhimurium and Citrobacter rodentium, I showed that NKR-P1B-deficient NK cells, ILC3 and γδ T cells are hyporesponsive compared to their WT counterparts. In particular, gut NKR-P1B-deficient NK cells and γδT cells secreted low levels of IFNγ cytokine while infected with S.typhimurium. Importantly, the decreased IFNγ secretion by NK and γδT cells was associated with an increased dissemination of the bacterium into the knockout spleens at day 5 post-infection. Likewise, I detected a significant decrease in IL-22 cytokine production by NKR-P1B-deficient ILC3 compared to their WT counterparts at both steady state and following C.rodentium infection.
Next, I address the potential role of Clr-f in the kidney. Renal tubular epithelial cells have been shown to express high levels of Clr-f transcripts. Epithelial cells constitute the major cellular component of kidney tubules and are well known to mediate metabolic waste excretion, reabsorption of essential molecules as well as other physiological functions, such as ions exchange and water retention. To determine the role of Clr-f in renal epithelial cells, I generated a Clr-f-deficient mouse with the help of two of my previous lab colleagues. Importantly, chemical analysis on urine and serum samples from knockout and WT littermates indicated that Clr-f-deficient kidneys display a decreased filtration capacity. In particular, higher creatinine levels were detected in the Clr-f deficient serum. In addition, Clr-f-deficient mice appeared to have a lower fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) in their urine filtrates in comparison to WT excreted urine. Blood pressure measurements on the same mice at 12 and 24 weeks of age revealed a hypotensive phenotype in the Clr-f-deficient mice. Furthermore, pathological assessment of Clr-f-deficient kidneys exhibited moderate and aggravated lesions of the tubular epithelium along with marked glomerular mesangiolysis. Lastly, flow cytometry analysis on isolated lymphocytes from Clr-f-deficient and WT mice demonstrated comparable immune infiltrates between the two mouse genotypes.
Altogether, our data shows that the absence of Clr-f results in the development of glomerular and tubular lesions in an immune-independent manner leading to an abnormal kidney function. Additionally, the disruption of NKR-P1B:Clr-b recognition system results in abnormal innate immune cell number and function in the mouse intestine. These novel findings sheds light on the important role of Clr-f in maintaining healthy kidney morphology and function, as well as the crucial role for NKR-P1B:Clr-b interactions in mediating intestinal homeostasis at steady and infected states.
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Kuo, Kuei-Ling. "LOCALIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OATP4C1 TRANSPORTER IN IN VITRO CELL SYSTEMS AND HUMAN/RAT TISSUES." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/9.
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The organic anion transporting polypeptide 4c1 (Oatp4c1) was previously identified as a novel uptake transporter predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane in the rat kidney proximal tubules. Its functional role was suggested to be a vectorial transport partner of an apically-expressed efflux transporter for the efficient translocation of physiological substrates into urine, some of which were suggested to be uremic toxins. In vitro studies in polarized cell lines showed that upon transfection rat Oatp4c1 localizes at the apical membrane. The objectives of this project were to further validate the subcellular localization of Oatp4c1/OATP4C1 in rat and human tissues as well as their localization and function in polarized cells.
Using several complementary biochemical, molecular and proteomic methods as well as antibodies amenable to immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting, we investigated the expression pattern of Oatp4c1 in epithelial cell lines and in the rat kidney and mammary gland (MG). Collectively, these data demonstrated that rat Oatp4c1 localized at the apical cell surface of polarized epithelium and primarily in the proximal straight tubules, the S3 segment of proximal tubule, in the juxtamedullary cortex.
Drug uptake studies in Oatp4c1-expressing cells demonstrated that Oatp4c1- mediated estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) uptake was ATP-independent and pH-dependent. The increased E3S transport activity at acidic extracellular pH was ascribed to the increased maximum transport rate (Vmax). In addition, E3S transport inhibition by various substrates suggests that Oatp4c1 possesses multiple substrate binding sites.
The apical localization of Oatp4c1 in the rat kidney and MG is a novel finding and implies that this transporter protein plays a role in the reabsorption, not vectorial secretion, of its substrates. In addition, the upregulation of Oatp4c1 expression during lactation indicates that it is involved in reuptake of xenobiotic from the milk, resulting in their reduced exposure to the suckling infants, or that it functions as a scavenger system. Further, studies to identify physiological substrates are needed to better understand the significance of Oatp4c1 function in renal and mammary epithelium.
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Jobst, Eva Katharina [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Dötsch. "Metabolische Programmierung des renal-intrinsischen Leptin-Neuropeptid Y-Systems mit renalem Funktionsverlust nach postnataler Hyperalimentation / Eva Katharina Jobst. Betreuer: Jörg Dötsch." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033688207/34.
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Venetsanos, Dimitrios. "Improving management of STEMI patients treated with primary PCI : Pharmacotherapy, renal function estimation and gender perspective." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136532.
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This thesis focused on the acute management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in an effort to provide information that may improve outcome. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) in STEMI patients during primary PCI. Furthermore, to provide pharmacodynamic data of novel ways of ticagrelor administration compared to standard tivcagrelor. Additionally, to identify subgroups of patients, such as women who may derive greater benefit from specific antithrombotic strategies due to their risk/benefit profile. Finally, to evaluate current formulas for estimation of renal function in the acute phase of STEMI. In Paper I, all STEMI patients in Sweden between 2008 and 2014, treated with primary PCI and UFH or bivalirudin were included in our analysis. Of the total population of 23 800 patients, 8 783 (36.9%) were included in the UFH group and 15 017 (63.1%) in the bivalirudin group. Concomitant GPI administration was 68.5% in the UFH arm compared to 3.5% in the bivalirudin arm (p<0.01).The adjusted incidence of 30-day mortality was not significant different between the two groups (UFH vs bivalirudin, adjusted HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.82 -1.07). The adjusted risk for 1-year mortality, 30-day and 1-year stent thrombosis and re-infarction did not differ significantly between the two groups. In contrast, patients treated with UFH had a significantly higher incidence of major in-hospital bleeding (adjusted OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.30 -2.03). In Paper II pharmacodynamic data of chewed or crushed ticagrelor compared to standard ticagrelor loading dose (LD) was assessed in 99 patients with stable angina. Platelet reactivity (PR) was assessed with VerifyNow before, 20 and 60 minutes after LD. High Residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) was defined as > 208 P2Y12 reaction units (PRU). Chewed ticagrelor tablets resulted in significantly lower PRU values compared to crushed or integral tablets at 20 and 60 minutes. Crushed ticagrelor LD resulted in significantly lower PRU values compared to integral tablets at 20 minutes whereas no difference was observed at 60 minutes. At 20 minutes, no patients had HRPR with chewed ticagrelor compared to 68% with integral and 30% with crushed ticagrelor LD (p<0.01). In Paper III we presented a pre-specified gender analysis of the ATLANTIC trial including 1 862 STEMI patients that were randomly assigned to pre-hospital versus in-hospital administration of 180mg ticagrelor. Women were older and had higher TIMI risk score. Women had a 3-fold higher risk for all-cause mortality compared to men (5.7% vs 1.9%, HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.78 – 5.51). However, after adjustment for baseline characteristics, the difference was lesser and no longer significant (HR 1.98, 95% CI 0.97 – 4.04). Female gender was not an independent predictor of risk for bleeding after multivariable adjustments (BARC type 3-5 HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.74-3.09). There was no interaction between gender and efficacy or safety of randomised treatment. In Paper IV, forty patients with PCI- treated STEMI were included between November 2011 and February 2013. We validated the performance of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG), the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD-IDMS), the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) and the Grubb relative cystatin C (rGCystC) equations for estimation of GFR against measured GFR (mGFR) during the index hospitalisation for STEMI. MDRD-IDMS and CKD-EPI demonstrated a good performance to estimate GFR with accuracy within 30% (P30) 82.5% vs 82.5%, respectively. CKD was best classified by CKD-EPI (Kappa 0.83). CG showed the worst performance with the lowest P30. The rG-CystC equation had a marked bias of -17.8% and significantly underestimated mGFR (p=0.03). Conclusions – In STEMI patients treated with primary PCI, bivalirudin should be preferred in patient at high risk for bleeding. With crushed or chewed ticagrelor tablets a more rapid platelet inhibition may be achieved, compared with standard integral tablets. In STEMI patients, fast and potent platelet inhibition with chewed ticagrelor may reduce the risk of early stent thrombosis and patients treated with a less aggressive antithrombotic strategy, such as UFH or bivalirudin monotherapy, may derive a greater benefit. Although gender differences in adverse outcomes could mainly be explained by older age and clustering of comorbidities in women, a bleedreduction strategy in women with high risk characteristics is warranted in order to improve their outcome. Regardless the choice of antithrombotic strategy, dose adjustment of drugs cleared by kidneys based on GFR estimation is of crucial importance. MDRD and CKD-EPI should be the formulas used for estimation of GFR in STEMI patients
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Porto, Eliclenes. "Especificação de um sistema para auxiliar o monitoramento da doença renal crônica na Atenção Primária à Saúde." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2751.
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Among the diseases that most concern public health is chronic kidney disease (CKD), considered the great epidemic of this millennium. CKD is neglected at the primary level of attention, since most patients are only aware of their condition in the late stages of the disease. Objective: To describe the functional requirements of a system that will assist the monitoring of chronic kidney disease in primary health care. Methods: It is a research, technological, exploratory, experimental, with a qualitative approach, based on a process of requirements engineering, which aims to specify a future system called Epidemiorim. The methodological path to achieve the objectives was divided into five stages: the first one was the identification of the functional requirements and future users of the system; The second stage corresponded to the documentation of the functional requirements elicited; The third, in the development of a document with the possible screens of the system in paper A4; In the fourth stage, there was negotiation of the requirements and implementation of a prototype; And the fifth and final step consisted in validati ng the main functional requirements of the system. The validation stage occurred after the use of the prototype by professionals of the family health teams of the municipality of Montadas-PB, who enrolled, evaluated and monitored the DRC in 99 patients. The reports generated in the prototype were still analyzed to verify the prevalence of the disease in the studied population, demonstrating that there was a second research coupled in the study being of the observational, transversal and descriptive type with a quantitative approach. Results: The documents developed by the client of the system in the first three stages were enough for the development team to implement a prototype able to both assist the Family health teams to monitor the CKD and generate repo rts with epidemiological data. The finding that the prototype was able to meet these demands occurred after the validation of 16 functional requirements in the fifth and final stage. The analysis of reports generated in the prototype showed that the prevalence of CKD in the sample was of 17.2%, and a second renal evaluation in these patients is still necessary to confirm this index. Conclusion: Based on the Epidemiorim prototype, whose requirements were based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Health regarding the management of CKD in SUS, the research objectives were reached. Thus, the Epidemiorim presented an effective partial system, either for providing the family health teams with the follow-up in their work process of the guidelines that are recommended to them by the Ministry of Health, or as a tool that will contribute to the patient Of risk to have a complete health care, or for the municipal management, that can refer this patient to the nephrologist in a timely manner and will have at his disposal epidemiological reports of the disease for the planning of health actions.
Introdução: Entre as doenças que mais preocupam a saúde pública está a doença renal crônica (DRC), considerada como a grande epidemia deste milênio. A DRC apresenta-se negligenciada no nível primário de atenção, uma vez que a maioria dos pacientes só tem conhecimento de sua condição nos estágios finais da doença. Objetivo: Descrever os requisitos funcionais de um sistema que auxiliará o monitoramento da doença renal crônica na atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza tecnológica, exploratória, experimental, com abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada em um processo de engenharia de requisitos, que visa especificar um futuro sistema intitulado de Epidemiorim. O caminho metodológico para atingir os objetivos foi dividido em cinco etapas: a primeira, tratou-se da identificação dos requisitos funcionais e futuros usuários do sistema; a segunda etapa correspondeu a documentação dos requisitos funcionais elicitados; a terceira, no desenvolvimento de um documento com as possíveis telas do sistema em papel A4; na quarta etapa houve a negociação dos requisitos e implementação de um protótipo; e a quinta e última etapa consistiu na validação dos principais requisitos funcionais do sistema. A etapa de validação ocorreu após o uso do protótipo por profissionais das equipes de saúde da família do município de Montadas-PB, que cadastraram, avaliaram e monitoraram a DRC em 99 pacientes adscritos. Os relatórios gerados no protótipo ainda foram analisados para verificar a prevalência da doença na população estudada, demonstrando haver uma segunda pesquisa acoplada nesse trabalho, sendo do tipo observacional, transversal e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: Os documentos desenvolvidos pelo cliente do sistema nas três primeiras etapas foram suficientes para que a equipe de desenvolvimento implementasse um protótipo capaz, tanto de auxiliar as eSF a monitorar a DRC, quanto gerar relatórios com dados epidemiológicos da mesma. A constatação que o protótipo era capaz de atender a essas demandas ocorreu após a validação de 16 requisitos funcionais na quinta e última etapa. A análise de relatórios gerados no protótipo mostrou que a prevalência da DRC na amostra foi de 17,2%, sendo necessária ainda uma segunda avaliação renal nesses pacientes para confirmação desse índice. Conclusão: A partir do protótipo do Epidemiorim, cujos requisitos tiveram por base as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde quanto ao manejo da DRC no SUS, os objetivos da pesquisa foram alcançados. Sendo assim, o Epidemiorim apresentou-se um sistema parcial eficaz, seja por propiciar às equipes de saúde da família o seguimento no seu processo de trabalho das diretrizes que lhes são preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde, seja como uma ferramenta que contribuirá para que o paciente de risco passe a ter um cuidado de saúde integral, seja para a gestão municipal, que poderá referenciar esse paciente ao nefrologista em tempo oportuno e terá a sua disposição relatórios epidemiológicos da doença para o planejamento de ações em saúde.
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Haidar, Ghayath. "Reasoning system for real time reactive systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ47844.pdf.
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Wang, Limin. "Modeling and real-time feedback control of MEMS device." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3711.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 132 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-132).
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Pinnix, Justin Everett. "Operating System Kernel for All Real Time Systems." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010310-181302.
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PINNIX, JUSTIN EVERETT. Operating System Kernel for All Real Time Systems.(Under the direction of Robert J. Fornaro and Vicki E. Jones.)
This document describes the requirements, design, and implementation of OSKAR, ahard real time operating system for Intel Pentium compatible personal computers.OSKAR provides rate monotonic scheduling, fixed and dynamic priority scheduling,semaphores, message passing, priority ceiling protocols, TCP/IP networking, and globaltime synchronization using the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is intended toprovide researchers a test bed for real time projects that is inexpensive, simple tounderstand, and easy to extend.
The design of the system is described with special emphasis on design tradeoffs made toimprove real time requirements compliance. The implementation is covered in detail atthe source code level. Experiments to qualify functionality and obtain performanceprofiles are included and the results explained.
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Rixner, Scott. "Memory system architecture for real-time multitasking systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36599.
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Chadha, Sanjay. "A real-time system for multi-transputer systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29465.
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Two important problems namely a versatile, efficient communication system and allocation
of processors to processes are analysed.
An efficient communication system has been developed, in which a central controller, the bus-master, dynamically configures the point-to-point network formed by the links of the transputers. The links are used to form a point-to-point network. An identical kernel resides on each of the nodes. This kernel is responsible for all communications on behalf of the user processes. It makes ConnectLink and ReleaseLink requests to the central controller and when the connections are made it sends the the messages through the connected link to the destination node.
If direct connection to the destination node cannot be made then the message is sent to an intermediate node, the message hops through intermediate nodes until it reaches the destination node.
The communication system developed provides low latency communication facility, and the system can easily be expanded to include a large number of transputers without increasing interprocess communication overhead by great extent.
Another problem, namely the Module Assignment Problem (MAP) is an important issue at the time of development of distributed systems. MAPs are computationally intractable, i.e. the computational requirement grows with power of the number of tasks to be assigned.
The load of a distributed system depends on both module execution times, and intermodule
communication cost (IMC). If assignment is not done with due consideration, a module assignment can cause computer saturation. Therefore a good assignment should
balance the processing load among the processors and generate minimum inter-processor communication (IPC) ( communication between modules not residing on the same processor).
Since meeting the deadline constraint is the most important performance measure for RTDPS, meeting the response time is the most important criteria for module assignment. Understanding this we have devised a scheme which assigns processes to processors such that both response time constraints and periodicity constraints are met. If such an assignment is not possible, assignment would fail and an error would be generated. Our assignment algorithm does not take into consideration factors such as load balancing. We believe that the most important factor for RTDPS is meeting the deadline constraints and that's what our algorithm accomplishes.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Rafiliu, Sergiu. "Stability of Adaptive Distributed Real-TimeSystems with Dynamic Resource Management." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98721.
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Today's embedded distributed real-time systems, are exposed to large variations in resource usage due to complex software applications, sophisticated hardware platforms, and the impact of their run-time environment. As eciency becomes more important, the applications running on these systems are extended with on-line resource managers whose job is to adapt the system in the face of such variations. Distributed systems are often heterogeneous, meaning that the hardware platform consists of computing nodes with dierent performance, operating systems, and scheduling policies, linked through one or more networks using dierent protocols. In this thesis we explore whether resource managers used in such distributed embedded systems are stable, meaning that the system's resource usage is controlled under all possible run-time scenarios. Stability implies a bounded worst-case behavior of the system and can be linked with classic real-time systems' properties such as bounded response times for the software applications. In the case of distributed systems, the stability problem is particularly hard because software applications distributed over the dierent resources generate complex, cyclic dependencies between the resources, that need to be taken into account. In this thesis we develop a detailed mathematical model of an adaptive, distributed real-time system and we derive conditions that, if satised, guarantee its stability.
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Sundmark, Daniel. "Structural System-Level Testing of Embedded Real-Time Systems." Doctoral thesis, Västerås : School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-488.
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Samsi, Siddharth Sadanand. "Computer Aided Analysis of IHC and H&E Stained Histopathological Images in Lymphoma and Lupus." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1333560691.
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Ding, Xu Chu. "Real-time optimal control of autonomous switched systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31725.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Egerstedt, Magnus; Committee Co-Chair: Wardi, Yorai; Committee Member: Riley, George; Committee Member: Taylor, David; Committee Member: Tovey, Craig; Committee Member: Yezzi, Anthony. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Wiklander, Jimmie. "Component-based software design of embedded real-time systems." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/3318285.
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Zhao, G. F. "A real-time messaging system for distributed computer control systems." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636733.
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The OSI-based data communication standards, and particularly the MAP-selected profile, have provided a genuine, vendor-independent communication environment, crucial to multiple computer-based control applications. One of the vital components in the Application Layer of these standards, aimed directly at supporting communications between programmable devices in manufacturing environments, is the 'Manufacturing Message Specification' (MMS). Although MMS has been acknowledged as vitally important in standardizing communications between shop-floor devices, and despite having been developed specifically for industrial environments, it does not have the capacity to support directly the time-critical services which are vital to real-time applications. Effort, therefore, needs to be expended in extending the current MMS concepts to fulfil real-time requirements. This thesis is dedicated to tackling this problem. It first analyzes the real-time requirements and the related OSI-based standards, especially MMS. Then it proposes services and functions which should be included within both the inherent OSI supporting structures and MMS itself, in order to fulfil these real-time requirements. The thesis also provides background comments on the support required from the associated computer architectures. Finally, it reviews a prototype implementation of the proposals and analyzes the results obtained. The original contribution of this work lies in the proposed extensions to the core MMS proposal - these being based on a fundamentally radical architecture, which it is suggested, is necessary to support a genuine real-time distributed computer control system.
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Gathala, Sudha Anil Kumar. "System level energy management in networked real-time embedded systems." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3369836.
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Jiang, Zhe. "Real-time I/O system for many-core embedded systems." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22608/.
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In modern real-time embedded systems, time predictability is vital. This extends to I/O operations which require predictability, timing-accuracy, enhanced performance, scalability, parallel access and isolation. Currently, existing approaches cannot achieve all these requirements at the same time. In this thesis, we propose a framework of hardware-implemented real-time I/O virtualization system to meet all these requirements simultaneously, termed BlueIO. BlueIO integrates the important functionalities of I/O virtualization and low layer I/O drivers (achieved via Virtualized Complicated Device Controller (VCDC)), as well as a clock cycle level timing-accurate I/O controller (i.e. GPIO Command Processor (GPIOCP)). BlueIO provides this functionality in the hardware layer, supporting abstract virtualized access to I/O devices from the software domain. The hardware implementation includes I/O virtualization and I/O drivers provide isolation and parallel (concurrent) access to I/O operations and improves I/O performance. Furthermore, the approach includes GPIOCP to guarantee that I/O operations will occur at a specific clock cycle (i.e. be timing-accurate and predictable). This thesis proposes the design and implementation of BlueIO, together with its components - GPIOCP and VCDC. It is demonstrated how a BlueIO-based system can be exploited to meet real-time requirements with significant improvements in I/O performance and low running cost on different OSs. The thesis presents a hardware consumption analysis of BlueIO, in order to show that it linearly scales with the number of CPUs and I/O devices, evidenced by the implementation which targets both FPGA and VLSI. Finally, the thesis proposes a scalable real-time hardware hypervisor termed BlueVisor, which is built upon GPIOCP, VCDC and BlueIO. BlueVisor enables predictable virtualization on CPU, memory, and I/O; together with fast interrupt handling and inter-virtual machine communication. BlueVisor shows that the approaches towards I/O proposed in this thesis can be applied and expanded to different architectures and platforms, whilst maintaining real-time properties, performance and protection.
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Hänninen, Kaj. "Introducing a Memory Efficient Execution Model in a Tool-Suite for Real-Time Systems /." Västerås : Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Mälardalen University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-152.
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Yu, Ke. "Real-time operating system modelling and simulation using systemC." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1088/.
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Increasing system complexity and stringent time-to-market pressure bring challenges to the design productivity of real-time embedded systems. Various System-Level Design (SLD), System-Level Design Languages (SLDL) and Transaction-Level Modelling (TLM) approaches have been proposed as enabling tools for real-time embedded system specification, simulation, implementation and verification. SLDL-based Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) modelling and simulation are key methods to understand dynamic scheduling and timing issues in real-time software behavioural simulation during SLD. However, current SLDL-based RTOS simulation approaches do not support real-time software simulation adequately in terms of both functionality and accuracy, e.g., simplistic RTOS functionality or annotation-dependent software time advance. This thesis is concerned with SystemC-based behavioural modelling and simulation of real-time embedded software, focusing upon RTOSs. The RTOS-centric simulation approach can support flexible, fast and accurate real-time software timing and functional simulation. They can help software designers to undertake real-time software prototyping at early design phases. The contributions in this thesis are fourfold. Firstly, we propose a mixed timing real-time software modelling and simulation approach with various timing related techniques, which are suitable for early software modelling and simulation. We show that this approach not only avoids the accuracy drawback in some existing methods but also maintains a high simulation performance. Secondly, we propose a Live CPU Model to assist software behavioural timing modelling and simulation. It supports interruptible and accurate software timing simulation in SystemC and extends modelling capability of the mixed timing approach for HW/SW interactions. Thirdly, we propose a RTOS-centric real-time embedded software simulation model. It provides a systematic approach for building modular software (including both application tasks and RTOS) simulation models in SystemC. It flexibly supports mixed timing application task models. The functions and timing overheads of the RTOS model are carefully designed and considered. We show that the RTOS-centric model is both convenient and accurate for real-time software simulation. Fourthly, we integrate TLM communication interfaces in the software models, which extend the proposed RTOS-centric software simulation model for SW/HW inter-module TLM communication modelling. As a whole, this thesis focuses on RTOS and real-time software modelling and simulation in the context of SystemC-based SLD and provides guidance to software developers about how to utilise this approach in their real-time software development. The various aspects of research work in this thesis constitute an integrated software Processing Element (PE) model, interoperable with existing TLM hardware and communication modelling.
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Babiceanu, Radu Florin. "Holonic-based control system for automated material handling systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28326.
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In real-word manufacturing environments, finding the right job sequences and their associated schedules when resource, precedence, and timing constraints are imposed is a difficult task. For most practical problems classical scheduling easily leads to an exponential growth in the number of possible schedules. Moreover, a decision time period of hours or even minutes is too long. Good solutions are often needed in real-time. The problem becomes even more complicated if changes, such as new orders or resource breakdowns, occur within the manufacturing system. One approach to overcome the challenges of solving classical scheduling problems is the use of distributed schemes such as agent or holonic-based control architectures.
This dissertation presents an innovative control architecture that uses the holonic concept, capable of delivering good solutions when applied in dynamic environments. The general holonic control framework presented in this research has specific characteristics not found in others reported so far. Using a modular approach it takes into account all the categories of hardware and software resources of a manufacturing system. Due to its modularity, the holonic control framework can be used for assigning and scheduling different task types, separately or simultaneously. Thus, it can be used not only for assigning and scheduling transport tasks, but also for finding feasible solutions to the job assignment and scheduling of processing tasks, or to better utilize the auxiliary equipment and devices in a manufacturing system.
In the holonic system, under real-time constraints, a feasible schedule for the material handling resources emerges from the combination of individual holon's schedules. Internal evaluation algorithms and coordination mechanisms between the entities in the architecture form the basis for the resultant schedules. The experimental results obtained show a percentage difference between the makespan values obtained using the holonic scheduling approach and the optimal values of under seven percent. Since current control systems in use in industry lack the ability to adapt to dynamic manufacturing environments, the holonic architecture designed and the tests performed in this research could be a part in the effort to build the foundations for the control systems of the next generation manufacturing systems.Ph. D.
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Giddings, Michael Anthony. "The early assessment of system performance in distributed real-time systems." Thesis, Open University, 2016. http://oro.open.ac.uk/47785/.
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Distributed real-time process control systems are notoriously difficult to develop. They frequently overrun time schedules and break cost constraints. The problems are compounded where there are multiple development teams and stakeholders. Conventional model-driven development has been examined to see if it can be extended to resolve some of these problems. It may be possible to use early system design stages to identify performance issues which would otherwise not be identified until late in the development of the system. A functional model is proposed, in addition to those conventionally used for model-driven development, based on loosely coupled functional elements, to represent the behaviour of each system component. The model complements existing requirements and design specifications and addresses the combination of individual component abstractions to produce a complete system specification. The functional model enables the accurate prediction of system performance prior to the detailed design of each component. The thesis examines how performance can be calculated and modelled. An animator tool and associated code generator are used to predict system and component performance in a distributed aircraft navigation system. The use of the animator to support the system design prior to the generation of the component contract specifications and interface control documents provides a means of assessing performance which is accessible to domain experts and system designers alike. The model also enables the effects of requirements changes and component design issues on the system design to be assessed in terms of the system design to provide system wide solutions. This performance assessment model and animator compliments the existing 'fix-it-later' approach, reducing the chances of performance failure detected late during the system development process when they are most expensive to fix.
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Al, Shoaili Saoud Humaid Salim. "Internet-based monitoring and controlling of real-time dynamic systems." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16353.
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The study in this report mainly focuses on the Internet-based Monitoring and Controlling of a Real-Time Dynamic System interfaced via a dedicated local computer. The main philosophy behind this study is to allow the remote user to conduct an Internet-based Remote Operation (I-bRO) for the dynamic system. The dynamic system has been defined as the system which has its parts interrelated in such a way that a change in one part necessarily affects other parts of the system [I]. In order to achieve this goal, the study has been conducted in a form of an on-line and real-time Virtual Laboratory (VL). Through this form of laboratory, a user can carry out the experiment, perform real-time monitoring and controlling operations of the experiment and collect real and live data from the experiment through the network link as the user was physically in the laboratory. The dynamic system that has been selected for the test-rig of this study is a 3-phase Induction Motor (IM) which is mechanically coupled with a DC-Dynamometer that acts as a variable load to the IM. This system is a common laboratory experiment in the study of the Electrical Engineering for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The study covers both sides of the I-bRO; the hardware and the software. The hardware side includes the design and the development of a load control box that has been used to interface the DC-Dynamometer and consequently control it from the local computer. The software side covers the design and the development of the Virtual Instrumentation System (VIS) that has replaced successfully the physical Measurement and Test (M&T) instruments of the test-rig. Beside that, the software side includes the development of the internet remote front panel for the remote operation.Furthermore, the software side includes the development of the software that has been used to analyse the system during the I-bRO. In this study, the LabVTEW7 program has been used to design and develop the VIS and the Matlab program has bee used to aualyse the system performance for the remote operations. This study also addresses the issues and problems related to the intranet or the internet to be used as the network for data communication between the test-rig and remote users. This study has been carried out in different stages as follows: 1. Designing and development of the VIS. 2. Interfacing the test-rig apparatus with a local computer. 3. Upload the system from the local computer to the network. 4. Study the performance of the system on the network for the purpose of the remote operations controlled over the internet. The developed system of this study has been used for data acquisition, network communications, instruments monitoring and controlling applications. A user can execute on-line and in the real-time the developed VIS from any point in the university. Due to the fact that the university network is directly integrated to the main internet server. a remote user through the main internet server is able to perform I-bRO of the selected dynamic system. There are many factors associated with the network, the internet or the intranet, and have direct influences on the control system performance throughout the remote operations. The most dominant factors are the random time-delays and the data losses.
These factors among others have to be addressed for a proper application of the I-bRO. For this reason, different cases and scenarios of the I-bRO have been investigated and simulated to study the affection of the network on the control system performance. The system is analysed under two control cases, closed loop with random time-delays and open loop when the internet server is disconnected and no communication between the input and the output of the system. In the first case, the closed loop, the internet server is assumed to be closed and subjected to random time-delays. In the second case, the internet server is subjected to random cut-off and thus opens the control loop. The results of both cases have been analysed and discussed. It has been found that, if the control system without the time-delays is stable, it remains stable even with small time-delays up to twenty seconds. This result is different from what has been shown in the literature.
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Nwankpa, Joseph K. "The Implications of Real Options on ERP-Enabled Adoption." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1332766740.
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Briao, Eduardo Wenzel. "Métodos de Exploração de Espaço de Projeto em Tempo de Execução em Sistemas Embarcados de Tempo Real Soft baseados em Redes-Em-Chip." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13157.
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A complexidade no projeto de sistemas eletrônicos tem aumentado devido à evolução tecnológica e permite a concepção de sistemas inteiros em um único chip (SoCs – do inglês, Systems-on-Chip). Com o objetivo de reduzir a alta complexidade de projeto, custos de projeto e o tempo de lançamento do produto no mercado, os sistemas são desenvolvidos em módulos funcionais, pré-verificados e pré-projetados, denominados de núcleos de propriedade intelectual (IP – do inglês, Intellectual Property). Esses núcleos IP podem ser reutilizados de outros projetos ou adquiridos de terceiros. Entretanto, é necessário prover uma estrutura de comunicação para interligar esses núcleos e as estruturas atuais (barramentos) são inadequadas para atender as necessidades dos futuros SoCs (compartilhamento de banda, falta de escalabilidade). As redes-em-chip (NoCs{ XE "NoCs" } – do inglês, Networks-on-Chip) vêm sendo apresentadas como uma solução para atender essas restrições. No desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados baseados em redes-em-chip, deve-se personalizar a rede para atendimento de restrições. Essa exploração de espaço de projeto (EEP), segundo uma infinidade de trabalhos, é realizada em tempo de projeto, supondo-se que é conhecido o perfil das aplicações que devem ser executadas pelo sistema. No entanto, cada vez mais sistemas embarcados aproximam-se de dispositivos genéricos de processamento (como palmtops), onde as tarefas a serem executadas não são inteiramente conhecidas a priori. Com a mudança dinâmica da carga de trabalho de um sistema embarcado, a busca pelo atendimento de requisitos pode então ser enfrentada por mecanismos adaptativos, que implementam dinamicamente a EEP. No âmbito deste trabalho, a EEP em tempo de execução provê mecanismos adaptativos que deverão realizar suas funções para atendimento de restrições de projeto. Consequentemente, EEP em tempo de execução pode permitir resultados ainda melhores, no que diz respeito a sistemas embarcados com restrições de projetos rígidas. É possível maximizar o tempo de duração da energia da bateria que alimenta um sistema embarcado ou, até mesmo, diminuir a taxa de perda de deadlines em um sistema de tempo real soft, realocando em tempo de execução tarefas de modo a gerar menor taxa de comunicação entre os processadores, desde que o sistema seja executado em um tempo suficiente para amortizar os custos de migração. Neste trabalho, foi utilizada a combinação de heurísticas de alocação da área dos Sistemas Computacionais Distribuídos como, por exemplo, algoritmos bin-packing e linear clustering. Resultados mostraram que a realocação de tarefas, utilizando uma combinação Worst-Fit e Linear Clustering, reduziu o consumo de energia e a taxa de perda de deadlines em 17% e 37%, respectivamente, utilizando o modelo de migração por cópia.The complexity of electronic systems design has been increasing due to the technological evolution, which now allows the inclusion of a complete system on a single chip (SoC – System-on-Chip). In order to cope with the corresponding design complexity and reduce design costs and time-to-market, systems are built by assembling pre-designed and pre-verificated functional modules, called IP (Intellectual Property) cores. IP cores can be reused from previous designs or acquired from third-party vendors. However, an adequate communication architecture is required to interconnect these IP cores. Current communication architectures (busses) are unsuitable for the communication requirements of future SoCs (sharing of bandwidth, lack of scalability). Networks-on-Chip (NoC) arise as one of the solutions to fulfill these requirements. While developing NoC-based embedded systems, the NoC customization is mandatory to fulfill design constraints. This design space exploration (DSE), according to most approaches in the literature, is achieved at compile-time (off-line DSE), assuming the profiles of the tasks that will be executed in the embedded system are known a priori. However, nowadays, embedded systems are becoming more and more similar to generic processing devices (such as palmtops), where the tasks to be executed are not completely known a priori. Due to the dynamic modification of the workload of the embedded system, the fulfillment of requirements can be accomplished by using adaptive mechanisms that implement dynamically the DSE (run-time DSE or on-line DSE). In the scope of this work, DSE is on-line. In other words, when the system is running, adaptive mechanisms will be executed to fulfill the requirements of the system. Consequently, on-line DSE can achieve better results than off-line DSE alone, especially considering embedded systems with tight constraints. It is thus possible to maximize the lifetime of the battery that feeds an embedded system, or even to decrease the deadline miss ratio in a soft real-time system, for example by relocating tasks dynamically in order to generate less communication among the processors, provided that the system runs for enough execution time in order to amortize the migration overhead.In this work, a combination of allocation heuristics from the domain of Distributed Computing Systems is applied, for instance bin-packing and linear clustering algorithms. Results shows that applying task reallocation using the Worst-Fit and Linear Clustering combination reduces the energy consumption and deadline miss ratio by 17% and 37%, respectively, using the copy task migration model.
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Yip, Wai-chee Dorothy. "System analysis and design for the development of a real-estate business GIS in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20228338.
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Liu, Meng. "Real-Time Communication over Wormhole-Switched On-Chip Networks." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35316.
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In a modern industrial system, the requirement on computational capacity has increased dramatically, in order to support a higher number of functionalities, to process a larger amount of data or to make faster and safer run-time decisions. Instead of using a traditional single-core processor where threads can only be executed sequentially, multi-core and many-core processors are gaining more and more attentions nowadays. In a multi-core processor, software programs can be executed in parallel, which can thus boost the computational performance. Many-core processors are specialized multi-core processors with a larger number of cores which are designed to achieve a higher degree of parallel processing. An on-chip communication bus is a central intersection used for data-exchange between cores, memory and I/O in most multi-core processors. As the number of cores increases, more contention can occur on the communication bus which raises a bottleneck of the overall performance. Therefore, in order to reduce contention incurred on the communication bus, a many-core processor typically employs a Network-on-Chip (NoC) to achieve data-exchange. Real-time embedded systems have been widely utilized for decades. In addition to the correctness of functionalities, timeliness is also an important factor in such systems. Violation of specific timing requirements can result in performance degradation or even fatal problems. While executing real-time applications on many-core processors, the timeliness of a NoC, as a communication subsystem, is essential as well. Unfortunately, many real-time system designs over-provision resources to guarantee the fulfillment of timing requirements, which can lead to significant resource waste. For example, analysis of a NoC design yields that the network is already saturated (i.e. accepting more traffic can incur requirement violation), however, in reality the network actually has the capacity to admit more traffic. In this thesis, we target such resource wasting problems related to design and analysis of NoCs that are used in real-time systems. We propose a number of solutions to improve the schedulability of real-time traffic over wormhole-switched NoCs in order to further improve the resource utilization of the whole system. The solutions focus mainly on two aspects: (1) providing more accurate and efficient time analyses; (2) proposing more cost-effective scheduling methods.
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Choo, Christopher Ledesma Weisen. "Real-time decision making in motorsports : analytics for improving professional car race strategy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100310.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 77).
We discuss features contained in a machine learning software developed at MIT for professional car racing, to improve the predictions of track position changes within a race. We study pit crew performance and driver performance within selected races, and find that good combined performance for both correlates to better finish positions. Secondly, we classify tracks based on tire wear and the ratio of 2 versus 4 tire change decisions for pit stops. We find that a driver's performance in early stages of the race is similar to performance in later stages, suggesting that final race outcomes may be inferred from earlier stages of the race. Thirdly, we look at how tire change decisions vary from track to track depending on tire wear, caution periods, and stages of the race to understand how teams adapt their tire change strategies as each race progresses. We propose heuristics based on these observations that may be used to improve the software. Next, we test whether the construction of the machine learning dataset using similar and different track characteristics has a discernible impact on the predictive capability of the software. Our tests indicate that it may be preferable to aggregate different races together because there is no distinct difference in the results when compared to only selecting similar races. Finally, we cover ideas about how new features could be implemented in the software, and touch on other factors affecting pit stop strategy in the quest for better predictive capability in the software.
by Christopher Ledesma Weisen Choo.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Andrei, Alexandru. "Energy Efficient and Predictable Design of Real-Time Embedded Systems." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9770.
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Sjöström, Thames Sixten. "Porting a Real-Time Operating System to a Multicore Platform." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76933.
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This thesis is part of the European MANY project. The goal of MANY is to provide developers with tools to develop software for multi and many-core hardware platforms. This is the first thesis that is part of MANY at Enea. The thesis aims to provide a knowledge base about software on many-core at the Enea student research group. More than just providing a knowledge base, a part of the thesis is also to port Enea's operating system OSE to Tilera's many-core processor TILEpro64. The thesis shall also investigate the memory hierarchy and interconnection network of the Tilera processor. The knowledge base about software on many-core was constrained to investigating the shared memory model and operating systems for many-core. This was achieved by investigating prominent academic research about operating systems for many-core processors. The conclusion was that a shared memory model does not scale and for the operating system case, operating systems shall be designed with scalability as one of the most important requirements. This thesis has implemented the hardware abstraction layer required to execute a single-core version of OSE on the TILEpro architecture. This was done in three steps. The Tilera hardware and the OSE software platform were investigated. After that, an OSE target port was chosen as reference architecture. Finally, the hardware dependent parts of the reference software were modified. A foundation has been made for future development.
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Shetty, Ranjeet S. "A Real-Time Bi-Directional Differential Global Positioning System." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1175006976.
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Manolache, Sorin. "Analysis and Optimisation of Real-Time Systems with Stochastic Behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/tek983s.pdf.
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Gustafsson, Thomas. "Management of Real-Time Data Consistency and Transient Overloads in Embedded Systems." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9782.
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Huang, Kai [Verfasser]. "Towards Many-Core Real-Time Embedded Systems: Software Design of Streaming Systems at System Level / Kai Huang." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1074087933/34.
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Måradson, Elina. "Presumption Rent-System : A Sustainable Rent-Setting System or a "Necessary Pain"?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298342.
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State of Objectives: This paper addresses the question of how the presumption-rent system has developed during ten years of its introduction to the rental market, with a particular emphasis on the investors’ perspective. The study has three focus areas, firstly an emphasis on how the real estate investors within the private and public sectors reacted to the introduction of the presumption-rents. Secondly, it examines whether the trends have changed during the course of these ten years. Finally, it observes how the presumption-rent system, as a rent-setting method for new residential rental constructions, is perceived and evaluated by the investors. Methodology: The empirical study focuses on the rent market in Stockholm, and it is articulated through a holistic multiple case-study of six public-and private real estate companies with rental dwellings in Stockholm. In order to examine the developments of the presumption-rent structures in these companies, a numerical analysis of the rent structures through a quasi-experimental design is as well conducted. Empirical Findings: The results in general prove that the rent-setting within the presumption rent system is unpredictable and subjective, because it is influenced by conflicting interests and different perceptions. The implication of this for the application of the presumption-rents is that it is depended on a complex, ambiguous and vague negotiation structure, rather than being based on a systematized rent-setting procedure. Furthermore, it is noted that the collective bargaining system, which sets the standards for the rent negotiations, is undergoing a slow process of change, as the law amendment in 2011 has caused paradigm-shits within the rental market. One dimension of this is that the rent-negotiations noticeably do not influence the investment decisions anymore, but the rent negotiations certainly have an impact on the rent-setting method. The implication for the application of the presumption-rentsystem, including its negotiation framework, is that it is applied when it meets the criteria for the investment decision, otherwise it is ignored. Finally, it is showed that nor the public neither the private companies perceive the presumption-system as a long-term and sustainable solution to the prevailing challenges with the Swedish rent-setting system. What is clear is that the system is mainly considered as a temporality solution to a course of disorders that have emerged from prolonged institutional negligence and error that have impaired the rental markets.