Academic literature on the topic 'Renal stem cell'
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Journal articles on the topic "Renal stem cell"
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Bussolati, Benedetta, Akito Maeshima, Janos Peti-Peterdi, Takashi Yokoo, and Laura Lasagni. "Renal Stem Cells, Tissue Regeneration, and Stem Cell Therapies for Renal Diseases." Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/302792.
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Jin, Meiling, Yuansheng Xie, Qinggang Li, and Xiangmei Chen. "Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapy for Glomerulonephritis." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/124730.
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Glomerulonephritis (GN), characterized by immune-mediated inflammatory changes in the glomerular, is a common cause of end stage renal disease. Therapeutic options for glomerulonephritis applicable to all cases mainly include symptomatic treatment and strategies to delay progression. In the attempt to yield innovative interventions fostering the limited capability of regeneration of renal tissue after injury and the uncontrolled pathological process by current treatments, stem cell-based therapy has emerged as novel therapy for its ability to inhibit inflammation and promote regeneration. Many basic and clinical studies have been performed that support the ability of various stem cell populations to ameliorate glomerular injury and improve renal function. However, there is a long way before putting stem cell-based therapy into clinical practice. In the present article, we aim to review works performed with respect to the use of stem cell of different origins in GN, and to discuss the potential mechanism of therapeutic effect and the challenges for clinical application of stem cells.
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Park, Hyeong-Cheon, Kaoru Yasuda, Mei-Chuan Kuo, Jie Ni, Brian Ratliff, Praveen Chander, and Michael S. Goligorsky. "Renal capsule as a stem cell niche." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 298, no. 5 (May 2010): F1254—F1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00406.2009.
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Renal resident stem cells were previously reported within the renal tubules and papillary area. The aim of the present study was to determine whether renal capsules harbor stem cells and whether this pool can be recruited to the renal parenchyma after ischemic injury. We demonstrated the presence of label-retaining cells throughout the renal capsule, at a density of ∼10 cells/mm2, and their close apposition to the blood vessels. By flow cytometry, in vitro cultured cells derived from the renal capsule were positive for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers (CD29+, vimentin+, Sca-1+, nestin+) but did not express hematopoietic and endothelial stem cell markers. Moreover, renal capsule-derived cells also exhibited self-renewal, clonogenicity, and multipotency in differentiation conditions, all favoring stem cell characteristics and identifying them with MSC. In situ labeling of renal capsules with CM-DiI CellTracker demonstrated in vivo a directed migration of CM-DiI-labeled cells to the ischemic renal parenchyma, with the rate of migration averaging 30 μm/h. Decapsulation of the kidneys during ischemia resulted in a modest, but statistically significant, deceleration of recovery of plasma creatinine compared with ischemic kidneys with intact renal capsule. Comparison of these conditions allows the conclusion that renal capsular cells may contribute ∼25–30% of the recovery from ischemia. In conclusion, the data suggest that the renal capsule may function as a novel stem cell niche harboring MSC capable of participating in the repair of renal injury.
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Mollura, Daniel J., Joshua M. Hare, and Hamid Rabb. "Stem-cell therapy for renal diseases." American Journal of Kidney Diseases 42, no. 5 (November 2003): 891–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajkd.2003.07.018.
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Bregni, Marco, Wolfgang Herr, and Didier Blaise. "Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for renal cell carcinoma." Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 11, no. 6 (June 2011): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/era.11.12.
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Childs, Richard, and Darrel Drachenberg. "Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for renal cell carcinoma." Current Opinion in Urology 11, no. 5 (September 2001): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042307-200109000-00008.
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Hayes-Lattin, Brandon M., Richard T. Maziarz, and Tomasz M. Beer. "Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in renal-cell carcinoma." Current Oncology Reports 3, no. 5 (October 2001): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11912-001-0030-7.
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Osmanov, Y. I., E. А. Kogan, V. I. Shchekin, G. А. Demyashkin, and A. V. Kaem. "FEATURES OF EXPRESSION OF STEM CELL MARKERS IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMAS." Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2 (2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-2-29-39.
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Intensive studies of recent decades have been devoted to identifying a population of cancer stem cells among the renal tubule epithelial cells. To date, a broad spectrum of genes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma has been investigated in search of potential cancer stem cells of renal cell carcinoma. Among them, ALDH 1, CD133, CXCR4, CD24, CD82 and SOX2 can be distinguished. The aim of the study was to comparative characteristics of stem marker expression – ALDH1A1, CXCR4, CD24, CD82, CD133 and SOX2 in histological variants of renal cell carcinoma and determination of their prognostic signifi- cance. Subject and method. The study was performed on surgical material from 225 patients with renal cell carcinoma. As a comparison group, biopsy samples from 46 patients with renal oncocytoma were studied. Immunohistochemi- cal staining for the detection of antigens in the paraffin-embedded slices was made using the antibodies to ALDHA1, CD82, CD133, CXCR4, SOX2 («Abcam») and CD24 («Invitrogen»). To identify differences between the compared groups, the nonparametric Pearson’s criterion (ч2) were employed. Results. Expression of ALDHA1 was detected in 103 (45.8%) cases, CXCR4 in 105 (46.7%) cases. A positive reaction to CD24 occurred in 98 (43.6%) samples, SOX2 in 106 (47.1%) tumors. Among the variants of renal cell car- cinoma, CD133 expression is most often observed in clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma. A higher expression rate of CD82 is observed in chromophobic renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion. Reliable associations between stem cell marker expressions and clinical parameters were revealed depending on the histological variant of renal cell carcinoma.
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Maeshima, Akito, Masao Nakasatomi, and Yoshihisa Nojima. "Regenerative Medicine for the Kidney: Renotropic Factors, Renal Stem/Progenitor Cells, and Stem Cell Therapy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/595493.
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The kidney has the capacity for regeneration and repair after a variety of insults. Over the past few decades, factors that promote repair of the injured kidney have been extensively investigated. By using kidney injury animal models, the role of intrinsic and extrinsic growth factors, transcription factors, and extracellular matrix in this process has been examined. The identification of renal stem cells in the adult kidney as well as in the embryonic kidney is an active area of research. Cell populations expressing putative stem cell markers or possessing stem cell properties have been found in the tubules, interstitium, and glomeruli of the normal kidney. Cell therapies with bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and amniotic fluid-derived stem cells have been highly effective for the treatment of acute or chronic renal failure in animals. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are also utilized for the construction of artificial kidneys or renal components. In this review, we highlight the advances in regenerative medicine for the kidney from the perspective of renotropic factors, renal stem/progenitor cells, and stem cell therapies and discuss the issues to be solved to realize regenerative therapy for kidney diseases in humans.
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YAN, XINLONG, LIXIN SHI, GUANGFU CHEN, XU ZHANG, BING LIU, WEN YUE, XUETAO PEI, and SHENGKUN SUN. "Mesenchymal stem cell-like cells in classic renal angiomyolipoma." Oncology Letters 4, no. 3 (June 14, 2012): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.760.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Renal stem cell"
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Madlala, Siphelele Clifford. "The role of stem cells and WNT signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32358.
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Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 87% of all kidney cancers. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and management, renal cell carcinoma remains a lethal tumour accounting for substantial mortality and morbidity. The poor prognosis arises from metastasis, chemoradiation resistance and disease relapse. Cancer stem cells, a subpopulation of tumour cells with capacity to self-renew and reconstitute tumour heterogeneity have been implicated as the root cause of poor prognosis. Therefore, a better understanding of biomarkers of cancer stem cells will be useful for risk stratification, prognostication and may lead to novel targeted therapies that will ultimately alter the management of many patients. Aims and objectives: To review the morphological subtypes of renal cell carcinomas diagnosed in the Division of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital over a 10-year period. To identify cancer stem cells in various histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma using immunohistochemical markers (CD133 and CD105). To review the WNT signalling pathway in renal cell carcinomas using selected protein expression by immunohistochemistry (β-Catenin).Materials and methods: Ten-year retrospective study in which sixty-four cases of renal cell carcinoma were retrieved and reviewed. Four immunohistochemical stains (β-catenin, HIF-1α, CD133 and CD105) were performed and scored in tumour tissue. Data were analysed to determine if there was any correlation between expression of the biomarkers and the histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56-years (range, 35 to 81 years). Females constituted just over half (52%, n = 33) of the study patients. All 64 cases were confirmed as renal cell carcinomas, with 29 (45%) clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 14 (22%) papillary renal cell carcinomas, 9(14%) chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, 9 (14%) multicystic renal cell carcinomas and 3 (5%) sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas. Ten (16%) cases showed abnormal β-Catenin cytoplasmic localisation. The majority of cases (n=6, 60%) showing abnormal β-Catenin localisation were clear cell renal cell carcinomas. However, there was no significant correlation between abnormal and normal β-Catenin localisation and RCC histopathological subtype (p = 0.766). CD133 immunohistochemical studies showed low expression in 52 (81 %) cases and high expression in 12 (19 %) cases. There was no correlation between low and high CD133 expression and histopathological RCC subtype (P = 0.800). CD105 immunostaining showed tumour cell immunopositivity in one case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma whilst the rest of the cases were negative. The low, moderate and high microvascular density categories had 24, 10 and 32 cases respectively. There was no significant correlation between low, moderate, and high microvascular densities and the histopathological RCC subtype (P = 0.320). HIF-1α immunohistochemical studies showed low expression in 39 (61 %) cases and high expression in 25 (39 %) cases. There was no significant correlation between levels of HIF-1α expression and the histopathological RCC subtype (P =0.972).Conclusion: Within the power limitations of this small study,β-catenin abnormal expression, microvascular densities and levels cytoplasmic CD133 and HIF-1α were not associated with any histopathological subtype of renal cell carcinoma.
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Löhr, Janine [Verfasser]. "Stem Cell Features in Spheroids and Standard Culture of a Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Line / Janine Löhr." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212435508/34.
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GRASSELLI, CHIARA. "Biological conditions related to frailty and their effects on adult renal stem cells cultured as nephrospheres." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/360937.
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La fragilità è una sindrome geriatrica definita da un progressivo declino età-correlato di diverse facoltà fisiologiche, che si traduce in una ridotta funzionalità d’organo e in un’aumentata vulnerabilità in condizioni di stress. Fried e coll. propongono una definizione operativa delle fragilità. La letteratura riporta un’alta prevalenza di fragilità in individui affetti da insufficienza renale cronica. Tra questi soggetti, il rischio di sviluppare fragilità è aumentato di due/tre volte rispetto ai soggetti sani. Ad oggi, la definizione e la valutazione della fragilità in questi pazienti è ancora controversa. Tuttavia quello che si sa è che l’invecchiamento è un processo strettamente correlato alla ridotta capacità delle cellule staminali di auto-rinnovarsi e differenziarsi. Quest’alterazione delle funzioni delle cellule staminali può svolgere un ruolo chiave nella fisiopatologia delle malattie associate all’invecchiamento, inclusa la disfunzione renale. Il nostro gruppo ha identificato e isolato le cellule staminali renali adulte a partire da colture clonali di nefrosfere umane. All’interno di queste sono presenti cellule a diversa differenziazione e maturazione, tra queste anche le staminali identificate come PKHhigh/CD133+/CD24-, multipotenti e in grado di ripopolare scaffold renali decellularizzati. Date queste premesse l'obiettivo del progetto è valutare gli effetti di condizioni biologiche legate alla fragilità sul comportamento delle cellule staminali renali adulte umane e capire se tali condizioni sono in grado di esaurire il pool di cellule staminali e alterarne la funzione.
In primo luogo abbiamo arruolato soggetti fragili, pre-fragili e non-fragili e giovani sani come controllo e raccolto i rispettivi plasmi e cellule mononucleate dal sangue periferico (PBMC). Sia nelle PBMC che nelle cellule staminali/progenitrici ematopoietiche circolanti abbiamo valutato il danno al DNA osservando una percentuale di cellule positive al danno statisticamente più alta nei pazienti fragili rispetto agli altri gruppi. Per valutare il reale effetto delle condizioni biologiche legate alla fragilità sulle proprietà delle RSC, le colture di NS, ottenute da nefrectomie, sono state trattate con il plasma dei soggetti arruolati. Abbiamo valutato dapprima le capacità di autorinnovamento delle cellule trattate e osserviamo una significativa diminuzione dell'efficienza di formazione della sfera, indice di autorinnovamento, nei soggetti fragili rispetto ai non fragili e ai giovani. Successivamente, abbiamo valutato il danno al DNA, i ROS intracellulari, la proliferazione e la vitalità nelle cellule staminali/progenitrici renali ottenute dopo la dissociazione delle NS. Non sono state evidenziate differenze nella vitalità e nella proliferazione cellulare tra i gruppi, mentre il danno al DNA e i ROS intracellulari sono aumentati nelle cellule delle NS trattate con plasma di anziani fragili rispetto a quelle trattate con gli altri plasmi. Ciò potrebbe indicare che la diminuzione della capacità di autorinnovamento nelle cellule trattate con il plasma di pazienti fragili e un aumento del danno al DNA e dei ROS intracellulari non sono correlati con la morte o la proliferazione cellulare, ma con un'elevata presenza di mediatori infiammatori e ROS nel plasma dei pazienti fragili.
Per confermare questi dati abbiamo analizzato lo stress ossidativo e il profilo di 40 citochine infiammatorie nel plasma dei soggetti arruolati. Si ha un aumento dello stress ossidativo nel plasma dei soggetti fragili rispetto agli altri gruppi, così come un’aumentata presenza o l’esclusività di alcune citochine infiammatorie. Questi dati preliminari suggeriscono che esiste una combinazione di stress ossidativo e citochine pro-infiammatorie nel plasma di pazienti fragili che contribuiscono ad aumentare il danno al DNA e i ROS intracellulari alterando conseguentemente le caratteristiche di staminalità delle cellule delle NS.Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that can be defined as an age-related progressive impairment of multiple physiological systems, resulting in a significantly reduced capacity to compensate for external stressors. Fried and colleagues proposed a phenotype characterization of frailty through five physical criteria, so this can be possible only after the onset of clinical manifestations without the possibility of a precocious diagnosis. Several studies report a high prevalence of frailty in both old and young individuals with kidney dysfunction, and this further increases with advancing age and progressive decline of renal function. Elderly individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two to three times more likely to be frail than those with normal renal function. However, the relationship between CKD and frailty is still unclear. The aging process can have adverse effects on stem cells; their self-renewal ability declines and their differentiation potential into the various cell types is altered. Aging-induced exhaustion and deterioration of stem cell pool and functions may play a key role in the pathophysiology of aging-associated diseases, including kidney dysfunction. Our group isolated a pure population of multipotent renal stem-like cells by a functional approach, taking advantage from the ability of renal stem cells (RSC) to grow as nephrospheres (NS). Investigating the expression of renal progenitor markers described in literature, our group identified in NS a homogeneous PKHhigh/CD133+/CD24- cell population displaying in vitro stem-cell properties, able to repopulate human decellularized renal scaffold and exhibiting multipotency. In this scenario, we tested whether in the organism of elderly and frail people there are biological conditions able to alter RSC behavior, justifying the high prevalence of chronic kidney dysfunction in the frail status and its severity. First, we recruited frail, pre-frail and non-frail subjects, and young subjects as controls and we obtained whole blood that was separated into plasma and PBMC. We studied DNA damage in both PBMC and circulating hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (cHPSC) and we observed a statistically higher percentage of cells positive for DNA damage in frail patients compared to all the other groups. To assess the real effect of biological conditions related to frailty on adult RSC properties, NS cultures, obtained from nephrectomies, were treated with 10% plasma of enrolled frail and non-frail subjects and healthy young. We first evaluated the self-renewal abilities of treated cells and we observe a significant decrease in sphere forming efficiency, indication of self-renewal, in frail subjects compared to both non-frail and young people. Subsequently, we evaluated DNA damage, intracellular ROS, proliferation and viability in renal stem/progenitor cells obtained after NS dissociation after plasma treatment. We find no differences in viability and proliferation between groups, while DNA damage and intracellular ROS increased in NS cells treated with plasma of frail seniors compared to those treated with the other plasmas. This might indicate that the decrease of self-renewal ability in cell treated with plasma of frail patients and an increase of DNA damage and intracellular ROS are not correlated to cell death or proliferation, but with a high presence of inflammatory mediators and ROS in the plasma of frail patients. To confirm these data we analyzed the oxidative stress and the profile of 40 inflammatory cytokines on plasma of enrolled subjects. We observed an increase in oxidative stress and osome inflammatory cytokines in frail plasma compared to other plasmas. These preliminary data suggested that there is a combination of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma of frail patients that contribute to increase DNA damage and intracellular ROS and consequently alter stem characteristics of NS cells.
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ZIPETO, MARIA ANNA. "Molecular and functional characterization of cells with stem properties isolated by sphere forming assay from human renal cell carcinoma tissues and cell lines." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/51171.
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Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a rare subset of malignant cells that constitute a reservoir of tumor‐initiating cells with the ability to both self‐renew and differentiate into bulk tumors. As well as for other tumors, also in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) the identification of CSCs might represent a step toward the development of therapies able to totally eradicate the disease. In the present study, cells with stem properties were identified from cultures of clonal tumor spheres obtained from RCC tissues after standardization of sphere‐forming assay on RCC 786‐0 cell line. Spheres obtained from the cell line and from RCC tissues were similar in term of phenotypic features, growth kinetics and sphere forming efficiency (SFE). These spheres exhibited the expression of pluripotency genes as well as the activation of self‐renewal pathways, when compared to the cultures representative of the bulk tumor population. Moreover they overexpressed the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1 and ADAR2) that might be involved in the regulation of self‐renewal as demonstrated by the increase of SFE after overexpression in 786‐0 cell line. When injected in immunocompromised mice, cells from spheres had a higher ability to give rise to tumor. Moreover tumor spheres from RCC tissues, as well as from 786‐0, showed a heterogeneous composition, with different cell subpopulations, displaying diverse self‐renewal ability. These subpopulations were identified on the basis of the different intensity of fluorescence of the PKH26 dye, able to discriminate quiescent cells within a proliferating population. The ability to self‐renew of the different PKH populations depended on the grading of the tumor. Although not distinguishing CSCs from the bulk tumor, surface marker expression in combination with PKH assay further confirmed the heterogeneity of cells within the spheres and allowed to identify an enrichment of CD105+ and CD133+CD105+ cells in the self‐renewing PKHhigh population. In this study, by characterizing for the first time molecular pathways, such as Notch, JAK/STAT and RNA editing, that distinguish spheres, enriched in putative CSCs, from the bulk tumor, represented by primary cell cultures, we provided possible targets for new therapies that need to be further characterized in order to discern their role. Moreover, the combination of PKH assay and surface markers might be helpful for a better definition of the CSC population within RCC.
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BOMBELLI, SILVIA. "Isolamento e caratterizzazione di cellule staminali adulte da rene normale e carcinoma renale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7970.
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In recent years, numerous cancers have been described as having a "cancer stem cell" (CSC) population also known as "cancer initiating cells". CSCs refer to a subset of tumour cells that has the ability to self-renew and generate the diverse cells that comprise the tumor. Their name derives from their "stem-like" properties and ability to continually sustain tumorigenesis. CSCs have the same properties that define a normal tissue adult stem cell, even if they are aberrant: self-renewal and differentiation.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 3% of adult cancers and is among the 10 most common malignancies in Europe. RCC has several morphological subtypes and clear cell RCC accounts for ~80% of cases. RCC has a late diagnosis and is therapy resistant.
In renal pathologies there are situation in which the presence and function of adult renal stem cells may have clinical relevance. In the last years the existence of different sources of renal stem cells has been proposed even if the phenotype of a resident stem cell of the kidney has not been exhaustively described. Even in RCC the definition of a kidney cancer stem cell may have a role for better understanding renal cell carcinoma biology.
A number of approaches based on the exploitation of renal stem cell markers have allowed the prospective isolation of human renal stem cells, even if the relative promiscuity of these markers limits their usefulness when highly purified stem cells are needed. So we decided to use a functional approach for the isolation of normal and cancer stem cells of the kidney by culturing the cells in suspension, non-adherent conditions, at low density with specific growth factors. In these conditions only a little percentage of cells survives growing as spherical aggregates in suspension. We called them "nephrospheres". Using fluorescent lipophilic dyes PKH, we demonstrated the clonal origin of the spheres and the presence of a heterogeneous population inside the spheres. In fact the dye dilutes in active replicating cells while is retained in quiescent cells; we can observe in normal and cancer nephrospheres some most fluorescent cells, the quiescent stem cells, and some less fluorescent or not fluorescent cells, that are the active replicating progenitors. We performed a characterization of the nephrospheres by immunofluorescence after cytospin or FACS evaluating the expression of some epithelial and stem cell markers.
By Real Time PCR we found that some genes related with stemness or involved in the maintenance of pluripotency are overexpressed in normal and cancer nephrospheres if compared with the corresponding differentiated primary cell cultures.
We then evaluated the differentiative abilities of the cells derived from normal nephrospheres by culturing the cells in specific media and semisolid substrates; the cells are able to differentiate into epithelial and neuronal-like phenotype and to form tubular/glomerular-like tridimensional structures.
We the isolated the stem cell population form normal nephrospheres on the basis of the PKH fluorescence. We identified 3 PKH populations: PKHhigh population, with a high level of fluorescence, PKHlow population, with a low level of fluorescence, and PKHneg population, negative for PKH. The populations were separated with cell sorting and cultivated to form spheres. Only PKHhigh cells were able to generate new spheres, demostrating that the PKHhigh cells represent the stem cell population inside the nephrospheres. Normal and cancer PKHhigh cells will be deeply characterized in the future.
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Whalen, Henry R. W. "Investigating the effects of stem cell therapies in experimental models of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8405/.
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The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing in Western Society. Renal transplantation is known to be the optimal treatment for ESRD, being associated with significant reduction in morbidity, mortality for patients and cost for wider society when compared to remaining on dialysis. Unfortunately, the growing number of patients listed for renal transplantation has occurred without a matched supply in the number of suitable organs. This has led to longer average waiting times for increased numbers of patients, who consequently suffer adverse outcomes at considerable cost to the National Health Service as a result of organ shortage. One strategy employed by clinicians to meet demand for organs has been to transplant ‘suboptimal’ kidneys’ historically rejected as unsuitable for transplantation, which are usually retrieved from older and less fit donors. Sometimes referred to as ‘extended criteria’ or ‘marginal kidneys’, such allografts are more prone to damage in the peri-transplantation period, with the major pathological process recognised to be ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Although functioning ‘marginal’ allografts have been shown to confer benefit to recipients, early transplant failure is associated with negative outcomes. Consequently, there is a real need to develop treatments to mitigate renal IRI, especially since the use of ‘marginal’ kidneys is likely to increase. Stem cell therapy has been shown to protect solid organs from IRI in a number of different animal models. Consequently, there is great interest in researching the ability of stem cell-based therapies to ameliorate solid organ damage and perhaps to encourage organ regeneration. However, debate exists regarding the exact mechanism by which stem cells produce their effects. Some researchers suggest that stem cells directly differentiate to replace specialised cell types in damage organs. Other investigators conclude that stem cells produce their effects in a paracrine fashion via the release of extracellular vesicles with the horizontal transfer of genetic material between cells. Unfortunately, no therapies are currently in widespread use to reduce damage to allografts in the peri-transplant period. In part, this reflects the lack of robust small animal models for screening potential renal IRI therapies before testing in large animal models. Furthermore, clinical application has been limited by safety concerns, and particularly by the risk of stem cells undergoing malignant transformation and subsequent tumour formation in recipients. However, investigators hypothesise that the use of stem cell-derived, extracellular vesicles may confer similar beneficial therapeutic efficacy, but lack many of the side effects associated with stem cells themselves. This thesis describes experiments in which stem cell-based therapies are tested in conventional and novel animal models of renal IRI and renal transplantation. In Chapter 3, initial experiments unexpectedly demonstrated the potential of ex vivo expanded stem cells to undergo malignant change and induce tumour formation in recipient animals. Therefore, the subsequent research investigated the effects of freshly isolated stem cells or those of novel extracellular vesicle preparations. In Chapter 4, experiments unexpectedly demonstrated the shortcomings of a conventional rat model of renal IRI. Therefore, Chapter 5 describes the development of a novel rat of model of renal IRI, in which stem cell-based therapies may be tested. Using this animal model, Chapters 6 and Chapter 7 describe the investigation of novel stem cell-based therapies and their effects on renal IRI. Some of these treatments were found to protect kidneys from IRI damage with preservation of renal function and structure in the medium to long-term. Chapter 8 describes a rat model of renal transplantation, in which therapies were investigated after being screened for efficacy in the novel rat IRI model. Although no functional difference was demonstrated, renal histology was preserved by treatment, although the mechanisms by which this effect occurred remain unclear. These findings suggest that stem cells and their extracellular vesicles have the potential to reduce peri-transplantation renal IRI and hence improve long-term outcomes of ‘marginal’ allografts. However, clinical translation requires the long-term efficacy and safety of these novel therapies to be investigated in large animal models of renal transplantation, before further testing in pilot studies.
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Nhanharelli, Juliana de Paula. "Avaliação da eficácia da terapia com células-tronco renais, oriundas do metanéfro de gato doméstico, no tratamento da doença renal crônica em felinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-04122018-112440/.
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A doença renal crônica é uma doença de alta incidência na espécie felina, sendo responsável por altas taxas de mortalidade e morbidade. O tratamento clínico é paliativo. Atualmente as células-tronco têm sido estudadas para várias doenças degenerativas e crônicas, entre elas a doença renal. O presente estudo testou a utilização uma nova linhagem de células, progenitoras do tecido renal na terapia de gatos domésticos acometidos naturalmente com doença renal crônica, nos estágios 1, 2 e 3 da doença (creatinina <1,6 a 5,0 mg/dl), por meio de avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, experimental e controle. No grupo experimental foi aplicado pela via intraperitoneal 2x106 células progenitoras renais e os animais do grupo controle receberam a aplicação de PBS. Os animais foram avaliados nos dias 0, 7 e 14 e monitorados clinicamente e por meio de exames laboratoriais, incluindo hemograma, creatinina, urinálise e o SDMA. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste Scheirer Ray Hare para dados não paramétricos (p=0,05). A aplicação intraperitoneal ocorreu sem intercorrências e aparenta ser segura para utilização em gatos. Dos 4 animais do grupo experimental 3 apresentaram melhora clínica, melhora do apetite e ganho de peso, o quarto animal apresentou perda de peso inicial, mas retornou ao peso do início do estudo 14 dias após a aplicação das células. Não houve diferenças estatísticas nos parâmetros de creatinina, ureia, fósforo e densidade urinária. Os leucócitos do grupo experimental apresentaram uma redução significativa em relação ao grupo controle. O SDMA apresentou redução em 3 animal do grupo experimental e aumento nos animais do grupo controle, mas a análise não apresentou diferença estatística devido ao aumento dos valores no em um dos animais. A aplicação de células progenitoras renais no tratamento da DRC em gatos é promissora e pode ser realizada pela via intraperitoneal, sem que ocorra intercorrências.Chronic kidney disease is a high incidence disease in the feline species, responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity. The clinical treatment is palliative. Currently, stem cells have been studied for various degenerative and chronic diseases, including kidney disease. The present study tested the use of a new lineage of renal tissue progenitor cells in the therapy of naturally occurring chronic kidney disease in cats at stages 1, 2 and 3 of the disease (creatinine <1.6 to 5.0 mg/dl), through clinical and laboratory evaluations. The animals were divided into two groups, experimental and control. In the experimental group 2x106 renal progenitor cells were administered intraperitoneally and the animals in the control group received PBS application. The animals were evaluated on days 0, 7 and 14 and monitored clinically and through laboratory tests, including complete blood count, creatinine, urinalysis and SDMA assay. Statistical analysis was performed by the Scheirer Ray Hare test for non-parametric data (p = 0.05). The intraperitoneal application occurred uneventfully and appeared to be safe for use in cats. Of the 4 animals in the experimental group 3 showed clinical improvement, food intake and weight gain, the fourth animal presented initial weight loss, but returned to the weight of the study beginning 14 days after the application of the cells. There were no statistical differences in the parameters of creatinine, urea, phosphorus and urinary density. Leukocytes in the experimental group showed a significant reduction in relation to the control group. The SDMA showed reduction in 3 animals from the experimental group and increase in the animals from the control group, but the analysis did not show statistical difference due to the increase values in one of the animals. The application of renal progenitor cells in the treatment of CKD in cats is promising and can be performed intraperitoneally, without causing intercurrences.
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Gomes, Ingrid da Silva. "Teste pré-clínico em doença renal crônica canina, com o uso de células-tronco amnióticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74135/tde-09042018-133953/.
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A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma afecção frequente em cães idosos, de alta morbidade e mortalidade, sendo definida como uma injúria renal morfo-funcional irreversível, de um ou ambos os rins, que está intrinsecamente associada à degeneração celular. Seu tratamento é paliativo, sendo que nos estágios mais avançados, o animal pode necessitar de hemodiálise ou transplante renal, prática dificultada e muitas vezes inviável na medicina veterinária. As células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido amniótico caracterizam-se por ser uma população de células de alta plasticidade e de grande potencial imunomodulador, sendo capazes de se diferenciar e produzir diferentes tipos celulares necessários num processo de reparação. Os avanços nos estudos das células-tronco podem tornar a terapia celular uma forma viável de tratamento alternativo ou adjuvante dessa doença, uma vez que estas poderiam restaurar a funcionalidade e manter a integridade do rim. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o tratamento experimental com células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do âmnio (CTMAs) canino podem reduzir ou estabilizar a taxa de progressão e o quadro clínico da DRC em cães. Para tanto, células-tronco provenientes da membrana amniótica foram cultivadas até a segunda passagem (P2) e criopreservadas para posterior aplicação. Onze cães domésticos, machos e/ou fêmeas, acometidos pela DRC adquirida em graus II ou III segundo classificação da IRIS e sem outra afecção adjacente receberam duas aplicações de CTMAs nos dias D0 e D30, por via endovenosa. Para avaliar a progressão ou estabilização do quadro clínico foram colhidas amostras de sangue total, soro sanguíneo e urina para exames de hemograma, bioquímica sérica e urinaria e urinálise em quatro momentos: D0, D7, D30 e D60. A análise estatística foi realizada através da aplicação do teste ANOVA, para comparação de médias nas diferentes fases de tratamento, seguida pelo teste de Tukey, para comparação das médias entre os grupos. Do ponto de vista clínico, dois animais apresentaram melhora e se mantiveram estáveis durante todo o período de acompanhamento, dois animais apresentaram melhora nos primeiros 30 dias, apresentando novamente sintomatologia da doença após esse período e os demais apresentaram melhora nos primeiros sete dias de tratamento, havendo uma piora geral do quadro após esse período. Contudo, os exames laboratoriais em todos os casos não revelaram uma melhora significativa com o tratamento. Aparentemente, a utilização de células-tronco de origem amniótica não influencia de forma relevante na melhora da doença devido à extensa lesão renal que cães apresentam.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition in older dogs with high morbidity and mortality and is defined as an irreversible morpho-functional renal injury of one or both kidneys, which is intrinsically associated with cell degeneration. Its treatment is palliative, and in the more advanced stages, the animal may need dialysis or kidney transplantation, a practice that is difficult and often not feasible in veterinary medicine. The mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic tissue characterized by being a population of high plasticity and high cell immunomodulatory potential, being able to differentiate and produce different cell types required in a repair process. Advances in stem cell studies may make cell therapy a viable alternative or adjunctive treatment for this disease, since it could restore functionality and maintain kidney integrity. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the experimental treatment with the canine amnio- derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) can reduce or stabilize the rate of progression, and clinical condition of CKD in dogs. For this purpose, stem cells from the amniotic membrane were grown until the second pass (P2) and cryopreserved for later use. Eleven domestic male and / or female dogs, affected by the CKD acquired in grades II or III according to IRIS classification and without another adjacent disease, received two applications on days D0 and D30 intravenously. To evaluate the progression or stabilization of the clinical condition, whole blood, blood serum and urine samples were collected for hemogram, serum and urinary biochemistry and urinalysis at four moments: D0, D7, D30 and D60. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA test, to compare means in the different treatment phases, followed by the Tukey test, to compare the means between the groups. From a clinical point of view, two animals showed improvement and remained stable throughout the follow-up period, two animals showed improvement in the first 30 days, showing again symptoms of the disease after this period and the other showed improvement in the first seven days of treatment, with a general worsening of the condition after this period. However, laboratory tests in all cases showed no significant improvement with treatment. Apparently, the use of stem cells of amniotic origin does not influence in a relevant way the improvement of the pathology due the extensive kidney lesion presented by dogs.
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Dias, Cinthia. "Efeito das células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPS) no tratamento da insuficiência renal crônica experimental." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/270.
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Introduction: Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to repair or delay the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) can be a therapeutic alternative due to their differentiation potential. Objectives: 1- To modify genetically stem cells from mice´s fibroblasts with lentiviral vectors containing transcription factors, transforming differentiated cells into iPS; 2- To evaluate the effect of iPS in the experimental IRC progression of IRC induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CRF-5/6). Materials and Methods: The animals were divided according to the type of cell therapy received from extracted mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow (MSC) or iPS and compared with CRF group 5/6 without treatment. Assessment of renal function was carried out during baseline and after 60 days. Additionally expression of genes, VEGF, IL-6, TGF-β and IL-10 were quantified in the kidney tissue, and also the analysis of implanted cell migration through the SRY gene. Immunohistochemical study evaluated the expression of CD68, α-SMA, TGF-β, PCNA and VEGF markers. Results: A significant decrease was observed in creatinine variation (p<0.05) and plasma urea (p<0.01) in animals treated with MSC and a 33%-decrease in plasma creatinine levels of animals treated with iPS cells, although non- significant when compared to the control group. The 24-hour proteinuria was significantly reduced only in the iPS group (p<0.0001). Significant improvement was observed in creatinine clearance in both treatments (p<0.04). Disease progression measured by the clearance decline rate was significantly lower only in the MSC group (p<0.05) and the urinary osmolality was similar in both treated groups. There was an increase in the expression of TGF- β gene in iPS group when compared to the control group (p<0.05) and VEGF expression in the groups treated with iPS and MSC (p<0.05). IL-6 and IL-10 showed similar expression levels in both treated groups (p=NS). Immunohistochemical analysis showed fewer macrophages and decreased cell proliferative activity (PCNA) in the iPS group p<0.05. Histological analysis showed a significant decrease in glomerulosclerosis in both treatment groups (p<0.01), tubular atrophy was similar in all groups . Leukocyte infiltration was reduced in both treatments when compared to CRF group. The SRY gene was detected in 5 out of 8 (62.5%) mice that were treated with iPS. After 60 days the tumor formations were observed in animals in which SRY gene was detected. Conclusions: MSC therapy is effective in delaying the progression of CKD. Treatment with iPS also improves some parameters of renal function but this assessment can be difficult since the onset of tumor formations; thus some care is necessary with this type of cells.
Introdução: A terapia com células-tronco (CT) é uma estratégia promissora para reparar ou retardar a progressão da insuficiência renal crônica (IRC). As células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPS) podem ser uma alternativa terapêutica, em virtude de seu potencial de diferenciação. Objetivos: 1) Modificar geneticamente células de fibroblastos de ratos com vetores lentivirais contendo fatores de transcrição, transformando essas células diferenciadas em iPS; 2) Avaliar o efeito das iPS e CTM na progressão da IRC experimental induzida pela nefrectomia 5/6 (CRF5/6). Materiais e Métodos: Os animais foram divididos conforme o tipo de terapia celular recebida (célula-tronco mesenquimal extraída da medula óssea (CTM) ou com iPS) e comparados com o grupo CRF5/6. A avaliação da função renal foi realizada no período basal e após 60 dias. Adicionalmente foi quantificada a expressão dos genes, VEGF, IL-6, TGF-β e IL-10 no tecido renal e estudada a migração das células implantadas contendo o gene SRY. O estudo imunohistoquímico avaliou a expressão de marcadores CD68, α-SMA, TGF-β, PCNA e VEGF. Resultados: Redução significativa foi observada na variação da creatinina (p<0,05) e ureia plasmática (p<0,01) dos animais tratados com CTM e uma diminuição de 33% dos níveis de creatinina plasmática nos animais tratados com células iPS, porém sem significância estatística quando comparada ao grupo controle. A proteinúria de 24 horas foi reduzida somente no grupo iPS (p=0,0001) e houve melhora significativa no clearance de creatinina com ambos tratamentos (p=0,04). A progressão da doença, medida pela taxa de declínio do clearance de creatinina, foi significativamente lentificada somente no grupo CTM (p=0,04) e a osmolalidade urinária foi similar em ambos os grupos tratados. Houve aumento na expressão do gene TGF-β no grupo iPS quando comparado ao grupo controle (p=0,01) e da expressão de VEGF nos grupos tratados com iPS e CTM (p=0,01). IL-6 e IL-10 mostraram níveis de expressão semelhantes em ambos os grupos tratados (p=NS). A análise imunohistoquímica demonstrou menor número de macrófagos e diminuição da atividade proliferativa celular (PCNA) no grupo iPS p<0,05. A analise histológica mostrou diminuição significativa da glomeruloesclerose em ambos grupos tratados (p<0,01), a atrofia tubular foi semelhante nos três grupos. A infiltração leucocitária foi reduzida em ambos os tratamentos, quando comparados ao grupo CRF. O gene SRY foi detectado em 5 de 8 (62,5%) ratos que receberam tratamento com iPS. Após 60 dias foram observadas as formações tumorais nos respectivos animais em que o gene SRY foi detectado. Conclusões: A terapia com CTM é eficiente para retardar a progressão da IRC. Tratamento com iPS também melhora alguns parâmetros da função renal, mas o aparecimento de formações tumorais dificulta essa avaliação e requer cuidados com esse tipo de célula.
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Nakama, Karina Kaori. "Papel das células-tronco mesenquimais na hipertrofia cardíaca induzida por lesão isquêmica renal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
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Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Marcela Sorelli Carneiro RamosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, 2014.
A ativação de fatores inflamatórios em um quadro de insuficiência renal isquêmica pode afetar outros órgãos, como o coração. Esses fatores lesionam o tecido cardíaco que, então, sofre um remodelamento, com a hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos e pode evoluir para a hipertrofia cardíaca. O desenvolvimento de pesquisas com células-tronco demonstram que estas células secretam fatores que protegem o tecido cardíaco da injúria, modulam fatores inflamatórios e diminuem a formação de fibrose, o que despertou o interesse pelo seu uso em terapias para algumas cardiopatias. Este projeto teve como intuito avaliar as alterações ocasionadas pela introdução de células-tronco em modelos de hipertrofia cardíaca, devido um quadro de insuficiência renal. Para isso, camundongos C57BL/6 foram submetidos à oclusão unilateral do pedículo renal esquerdo por 60 minutos, com a aplicação de células-tronco mesenquimais via plexo retro-orbital um dia após a cirurgia. Os corações e rins dos modelos animais foram caracterizados por meio de estudos morfológicos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as células-tronco preveniram o desenvolvimento da hipertrofia cardíaca, uma vez que não se verificou o aumento de massa, aumento de volume ou diminuição do lúmen do ventrículo esquerdo dos animais que receberam uma aplicação dessas células. Além disso, verificou-se também uma ação moduladora das células-tronco nos rins direitos, que não apresentaram um aumento de massa ou volume. No entanto, nenhum dado obtido demonstrou uma ação protetora dessas células nos rins esquerdos, diretamente afetados pela cirurgia de indução de lesão isquêmica. Logo, pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a aplicação de células-tronco mesenquimais preveniu o desenvolvimento da hipertrofia nos grupo tratados.
Activation of inflammatory factors in ischemic renal failure condition affects other organs as well as the heart. The inflammatory factors injure the cardiac tissue, modulating heart trophism with cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and this pathologic condition may progress to cardiac hypertrophy. Development of stem cell research has shown that it secrete factors that protect cardiac tissue of the injury, modulate inflammatory factors and decreases fibrosis. These discoveries have motivated studies with stem cells in cardiac diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological alterations caused by the stem cells introduction on renal ischemia/reperfusion induced cardiac hypetrophy models. To analyze the stem cell effect at this model, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to unilateral occlusion of left renal pedicle for 60 minutes and one day after surgical procedures mesenchymal stem cells were applied via retro orbital sinus. Hearts and kidneys of the animal models were characterized by morphological study. and, for the first time, we evidenced that mesenchymal stem cells treatment prevents the renal ischemia/reperfusion induced cardiac hypertrophy. The results evidenced the stem cell capacity to prevent cardiac hypertrophy development, since there were no mass increase, volume increase or decrease of left ventricular lumen area on animals that received a stem cells injection. Moreover, it was verified a modulating capacity of stem cells on right kidneys that didn't presented increase in mass or volume. However, no data indicated a protective role of these cells in the left kidneys. Thus, for the first time, we evidenced that mesenchymal stem cells treatment prevents the renal ischemia/reperfusion induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Books on the topic "Renal stem cell"
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Elger, Marlies, and Wilhelm Kriz. The renal glomerulus. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0043.
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The glomerulus performs its functions with three major cell types. Endothelial cells and visceral epithelial cells (podocytes) lie on the inside and outside of the glomerular basement membrane, and together these three structures form the glomerular filtration barrier. Mesangial cells sit in the axial region. Pathologies of all these regions and cell types can be identified. Parietal epithelial cells lining Bowman’s capsule participate in crescent formation, and at the tubular pole some of these cells seem to represent a stem cell population for tubular cells and podocytes. The extraglomerular mesangium and juxtaglomerular apparatus complete the description of the glomerular corpuscle. The structure of these elements, and how they relate to function, are illustrated in detail.
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Tsai, Ching-Wei, Sanjeev Noel, and Hamid Rabb. Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury, Repair, and Regeneration. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0030.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI), regardless of its aetiology, can elicit persistent or permanent kidney tissue changes that are associated with progression to end-stage renal disease and a greater risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In other cases, AKI may result in complete repair and restoration of normal kidney function. The pathophysiological mechanisms of renal injury and repair include vascular, tubular, and inflammatory factors. The initial injury phase is characterized by rarefaction of peritubular vessels and engagement of the immune response via Toll-like receptor binding, activation of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T and B lymphocytes. During the recovery phase, cell adhesion molecules as well as cytokines and chemokines may be instrumental by directing the migration, differentiation, and proliferation of renal epithelial cells; recent data also suggest a critical role of M2 macrophage and regulatory T cell in the recovery period. Other processes contributing to renal regeneration include renal stem cells and the expression of growth hormones and trophic factors. Subtle deviations in the normal repair process can lead to maladaptive fibrotic kidney disease. Further elucidation of these mechanisms will help discover new therapeutic interventions aimed at limiting the extent of AKI and halting its progression to CKD or ESRD.
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Atta-ur-Rahman and Khurshid Zaman, eds. Topics in Anti-Cancer Research: Volume 8. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898114043821190801.
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Topics in Anti-Cancer Research covers new developments in the field of cancer. Novel drugs as anticancer agents include natural and synthetic phenazines and other anti-cancer compounds. It also encompasses the role of estrogen as endocrine disruptors and strategies targeting cancer stem cells for the treatment of different types of cancers, including myeloma and renal cell cancer. The diversity of researches and topics published in this eBook Series will be valuable to cancer researchers, clinicians, and cancer professionals aiming to develop novel anti-cancer targets for the treatment of various cancers. The topics covered in the eighth volume of this series are as follows: Novel Drugs for Multiple Myeloma Synthetic Estrogens are Endocrine Disruptors via Inhibition of AF1 Domain of ERs Recent Progress of Phenazines as Anticancer Agents Cancer Stem Cell Targeting for Anticancer Therapy: Strategies and Challenges
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Pleniceanu, Oren, and Benjamin Dekel. Kidney stem cells. Edited by Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0344.
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End-stage renal failure is a major cause of death with currently only dialysis and transplantation available as therapeutic options, each with its own limitations and drawbacks. To allow regenerative medicine-based kidney replacement therapies and due to the fact that neither haematopoietic stem cells nor mesenchymal stem cells, the most accessible human stem cells, can be used to derive genuine nephron progenitors, much attention has been given to finding adult renal stem cells. Several candidates for this have been described, but their true identity as stem or progenitor cells and their potential use in therapy has not yet been shown. However, the analysis of embryonic renal stem cells, specifically stem/progenitor cells that are induced into the nephrogenic pathway to form nephrons until the 34th week of gestation, has been much more conclusive.
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Kastritis, Efstathios, and Meletios A. Dimopoulos. The patient with myeloma. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0153_update_001.
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Renal impairment is a common feature of multiple myeloma and often the presenting symptom of a patient with symptomatic myeloma. ‘Myeloma kidney’ results from the excess of immunoglobulin light chains which form aggregates and casts that result in tubular obstruction; however, light chains may cause renal damage with a variety of mechanisms, which often may coexist in the same patient. The presence of significant renal dysfunction in a patient with myeloma is associated with a risk for significant complications, including early death. Myeloma kidney is usually associated with high tumour burden and high rates of paraprotein production.Patients with renal impairment should be managed immediately with appropriate antimyeloma therapy and supported vigorously. New drugs such as bortezomib are probably the most effective therapies for patients with renal dysfunction and may improve renal function in a significant proportion of patients with myeloma-related renal impairment, especially with dexamethasone at high doses. Other drugs such as thalidomide or lenalidomide may also be helpful in certain patients. Direct removal of the toxic free light chains may improve outcomes in some patients, but randomized studies are still ongoing. The role of plasmapheresis has not been established.Autologous stem cell transplantation, with appropriate dose adjustments for high-dose melphalan should be offered in eligible patients, even those on dialysis, although this procedure may be associated with a higher risk of toxicity in patients with more severe renal dysfunction. Renal transplantation may be an option for selected patients who have responded well to therapy.
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DeAngelis, Lisa M. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0133.
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The lymphoid nature of PCNSL was established unequivocally by modern immunohistochemical techniques. PCNSL has been associated with a variety of congenital (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia) and acquired (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], renal transplant recipients) immunodeficiency states. PCNSL tends to be supratentorial, periventricular, and involve the deep structures such as the basal ganglia. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays an important role in initiating the development of PCNSL in immunocompromised patients includinig those with HIV infection. Leukoencephalopathy is a serious complication of effective PCNSL treatment, but apparent only when the patient is in a durable remission. Treatment utilizes chemotherapy with or without radiation, which can cause more cognitive disability than chemotherapy, and autologous stem cell therapy is under investigation in selected patients.
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Morris, Peter J., and Jeremy R. Chapman. The evolution of kidney transplantation. Edited by Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0275.
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The history of kidney transplantation starts in 1902 with Ullman transplanting kidneys between dogs, and Carrel’s development of vascular anastomotic techniques. The developments in the 1950s in Boston, Paris, and the laboratories of Medawar and others demonstrated both proof of the principle and some of the barriers to clinical kidney transplantation. The 1960s laid the groundwork for organ preservation, immunosuppression, and histocompatibility leading to the creation of transplant units in many countries. In the 1970s, there was steady progress in understanding the immunology of allograft rejection and its suppression. The advent of azathioprine used with steroids in the early 1960s resulted in 1-year graft survival rates of around 60% and patient survival of 90% in good units. However, with the introduction of ciclosporin in the early 1980s, renal transplantation became an even more reliable renal replacement option as there was a dramatic reduction in the incidence of irreversible acute rejection. The 1990s saw the introduction of both better immunosuppression and better infection prophylaxis, which further improved patient outcomes. The first decade of the twenty-first century has been characterized by the promise of new technologies in many areas, only some of which have delivered clinical benefit. Molecular human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing and detection of antibodies to HLA antigens, standardized immunosuppression and anti-infective prophylaxis, surveillance biopsy, and developing systems for increasing donation rates are delivering major benefits. Gene biomarkers, stem cell therapy, and tolerance protocols have yet to make an impact. This chapter describes the historical development of transplantation and how it has yielded the results delivered in clinical practice today.
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Pascual, Eliseo, and Francisca Sivera. Laboratory investigations in gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0042.
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Gout is a consequence of hyperuricaemia and the treatment goal is to dissolve the crystals by reducing serum urate levels. The first section of this chapter focuses on laboratory investigations on gout, reviewing serum urate levels and its determinants, methods of measurement, and urate renal handling. Additionally it reviews the use of inflammatory markers and synovial fluid cell counts. The second section of the chapter deals with the identification of monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid. It reviews the use of an optic microscope fitted with polarized filters and an analyser. A clear step-by-step process with useful tips is provided.
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Kriz, Wilhelm. Podocyte loss as a common pathway to chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0139.
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Experimental studies show that podocyte death first causes focal scars, but beyond approximately 40% loss is lethal to a glomerulus. Podocytes have limited ability to regenerate, although some degree of replacement may occur from stem cells located near the urinary pole of Bowman’s capsule. It is not yet known whether this plays a significant part in ameliorating damage in disease processes. In one interpretation, foot process effacement may be seen as an adaptation by the podocyte to remain attached to the glomerular basement membrane after injury, at the expense of proteinuria. Podocyte dysfunction is closely associated with proteinuria, which in turn is strongly associated with progressive loss of glomerular filtration rate. Continuing podocyte damage and loss could therefore account for progressive renal disease. In this hypothesis, drugs that protect against progression of renal disease may have their primary protective effects on podocytes themselves, rather than or as well as on haemodynamic factors or on fibrotic processes.
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Harding, Sian E. The Exquisite Machine. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12836.001.0001.
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How science is opening up the mysteries of the heart, revealing the poetry in motion within the machine. Your heart is a miracle in motion, a marvel of construction unsurpassed by any human-made creation. It beats 100,000 times every day—if you were to live to 100, that would be more than 3 billion beats across your lifespan. Despite decades of effort in labs all over the world, we have not yet been able to replicate the heart's perfect engineering. But, as Sian Harding shows us in The Exquisite Machine, new scientific developments are opening up the mysteries of the heart. And this explosion of new science—ultrafast imaging, gene editing, stem cells, artificial intelligence, and advanced sub-light microscopy—has crucial, real-world consequences for health and well-being. Harding—a world leader in cardiac research—explores the relation between the emotions and heart function, reporting that the heart not only responds to our emotions, but it also creates them. The condition known as Broken Heart Syndrome, for example, is a real disorder that can follow bereavement or stress. The Exquisite Machine describes the evolutionary forces that have shaped the heart's response to damage, the astonishing rejuvenating power of stem cells, how we can avoid heart disease, and why it can be so hard to repair a damaged heart. It tells the stories of patients who have had the devastating experiences of a heart attack, chaotic heart rhythms, or stress-induced acute heart failure. And it describes how cutting-edge technologies are enabling experiments and clinical trials that will lead us to new solutions to the worldwide scourge of heart disease.
Book chapters on the topic "Renal stem cell"
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Bussolati, Benedetta, and Giovanni Camussi. "Cancer Stem Cells and Renal Carcinoma." In Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology, 211–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0809-3_13.
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Yokoo, Takashi, and Motoko Yanagita. "Stem Cell Therapy Against Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia." In Studies on Renal Disorders, 673–87. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-857-7_34.
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Wanchoo, Rimda, and Albert Q. Lam. "Renal Disease Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." In Onconephrology, 219–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2659-6_11.
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Chuah, Jacqueline Kai Chin, Yue Ning Lam, Peng Huang, and Daniele Zink. "Stem Cell-Derived Renal Cells and Predictive RenalIn VitroModels." In Drug Discovery Toxicology, 365–83. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119053248.ch23.
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Winestone, Lena E., Alix E. Seif, and Benjamin L. Laskin. "Renal Complications Associated with HSCT." In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Pediatric Hematologist/Oncologist, 327–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63146-2_22.
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Schiessl, Ina Maria, Katharina Fremter, James L. Burford, Hayo Castrop, and Janos Peti-Peterdi. "Long-Term Cell Fate Tracking of Individual Renal Cells Using Serial Intravital Microscopy." In Imaging and Tracking Stem Cells, 25–44. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2019_232.
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Drachenberg, Darrel, and Richard W. CHilds. "Allogeneic Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation for Cytokine Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 213–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0451-1_13.
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Levy-Erez, Daniella, Sangeeta Hingorani, and Benjamin Laskin. "Acute Kidney Injury in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients." In Critical Care Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy in Children, 111–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90281-4_8.
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Schiessl, Ina Maria, Katharina Fremter, James L. Burford, Hayo Castrop, and Janos Peti-Peterdi. "Correction to: Long-Term Cell Fate Tracking of Individual Renal Cells Using Serial Intravital Microscopy." In Imaging and Tracking Stem Cells, 243. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2019_278.
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Kapadia, Malika, Terry Wikle Shapiro, and Robert Greiner. "Renal Toxicities in the Peri-HSCT Period." In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Pediatric Hematologist/Oncologist, 235–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63146-2_16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Renal stem cell"
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Yun, Eun-Jin, Jiancheng Zhou, Chun-Jung Lin, Elizabeth Hernandez, John Santoyo, and Jer-Tsong Hsieh. "Abstract 3078: Epigenetic regulation of miR-138 confers cancer stem cell characteristics of renal cell carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3078.
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Kim, Kyungeun, Hyojin Ihm, Jae Y. Ro, Sunghee Kang, Munjung Kang, and Yong Mee Cho. "Abstract 499: High-level expression of the stem-cell marker CD133 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma with favorable prognosis." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-499.
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Hsiao, Wan-Chi, Chia-Hui Liao, Shian-Ying Sung, and Chia-Ling Hsieh. "Abstract 5661: Pharmaceutically controlled replication of adenoviruses in mesenchymal stem cell-based cell carriers improves oncolytic virotherapy for advanced human renal cell carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5661.
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Hsiao, Wan-Chi, Chia-Hui Liao, Hsi-Chin Wu, and Chia-Ling Hsieh. "Abstract 410: Platelet derived growth factor AA mediated the tropism of human mesenchymal stem cells for renal cell carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-410.
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Gilbert, Christopher, Jacqueline B. Sutter, and Michael Baram. "Use Of Mechanical Ventilation And Renal Replacement Therapy In The Critically Ill Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patient." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a3158.
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Hsieh, Chin-Hsuan, Cheng-Keng Chuang, See-Tung Pang, Samuel Chien, Paul Lin, and Shuen-Kuei Liao. "Abstract 3349: Differential expression of CD44 and CD24 markers discriminates the epithelioid from fibroblastoid subset in a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma cell line: evidence of the existence of cancer stem cells in both subsets." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-3349.
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Suzuki, Kei, Toshihiko Shiraishi, Shin Morishita, and Hiroshi Kanno. "Effects of Mechanical Vibration on Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66831.
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Neural stem cells have been studied to promote neurogenesis in regenerative therapy. The control of differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve cells and the increase of the number of nerve cells are needed. For the purpose of them, it is important to investigate not only chemical factors but also mechanical factors such as hydrostatic pressure in brain and mechanical vibration in walking. In this study, sinusoidal inertia force was applied to cultured neural stem cells and the effects of mechanical vibration on the cells were investigated. After the cells were cultured in culture plates for one day and adhered on the cultured plane, vibrating group of the culture plates was set on an aluminum plate attached to an exciter and cultured under sinusoidal excitation for 24 hours a day during 26 days. The amplitude of the acceleration on the culture plate was set to 0.25 G and the frequency was set to 25 Hz. The time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells at every 3 or 4 days. The expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), MAPK, and phosphorylated MAPK (p-MAPK) was detected by western blotting analysis at 7 days of culture to understand the mechanism of cell proliferation. Akt and MAPK are part of signaling pathways in relation to cell proliferation. The phosphorylation of Akt suppresses apoptosis and the phosphorylation of MAPK activates cell division. The gene expression of MAP-2, NFH, GFAP, and nestin was detected by real-time RT-PCR analysis at 7 days of culture to obtain a ratio of differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve or glia cells. MAP-2 and NFH are nerve cell markers, GFAP is a glia cell marker, and nestin is a stem cell marker. The results obtained are as follows. The cell density of the vibrating group was three times higher than that of the non-vibrating group at 26 days of culture. p-Akt was enhanced by the mechanical vibration while p-MAPK was not. There is no significant difference of the gene expression level of MAP-2, NFH, GFAP, and nestin between the vibrating and non-vibrating groups. These results suggest that the mechanical vibration promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells and its cause is likely the suppression of apoptosis but not the activation of cell division, and that the mechanical vibration at the experimental condition does not affect the differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve or glia cells.
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Shiraishi, Toshihiko, Kei Suzuki, Shin Morishita, and Hiroshi Kanno. "Control of Apoptosis and Differentiation of Cultured Neural Stem Cells by Mechanical Vibration." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11154.
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In this study, sinusoidal inertia force was applied to cultured neural stem cells and the effects of mechanical vibration on the cells were investigated. Neural stem cells which were obtained from the hippocampus of an adult Fischer rat were seeded in culture plates at the density of 2.5 × 105 cells/ml. After cells were cultured for one day and adhered on the cultured plate, vibration groups of the culture plates were set on the aluminum plate of the experimental setup and cultured under sinusoidal excitation in another CO2 incubator separated from non-vibration groups of the culture plates. Acceleration amplitude was set to 0.25 or 0.5 G and frequency was set to 12.5, 25, or 50 Hz. Time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells with a hemocytometer. The expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, MAPK, and phosphorylated MAPK was detected by western blotting analysis to understand the mechanism of cell proliferation. Gene expression of MAP-2, neurofilament-H, GFAP, and nestin was detected by a real-time RT-PCR method to obtain a ratio of differentiation of neural stem cells to nerve or glia cells. The results to be obtained are as follows. The mechanical vibration at 25 Hz is most effective on cell proliferation of the present experimental conditions at 0.25 G. The enhancement of cell proliferation is probably caused by the suppression of apoptosis. The differentiation of the neural stem cells depends on acceleration amplitude and the mechanical vibration may maintain some properties of stem cells.
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Mota, Sakina Mohammed, Carl A. Gregory, Kristen C. Maitland, Maryellen L. Giger, Roland R. Kaunas, Robert E. Rogers, Andrew W. Haskell, and Eoin P. McNeill. "Morphological cell image analysis for real-time monitoring of stem cell culture." In Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XXVI, edited by Thomas G. Brown and Tony Wilson. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2507469.
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Zhu, Kai, Yabo Wang, Bin Liu, and Xinjun Su. "Cryomicroscopic and Calorimetric Assessment of Cell Response During Freezing Process." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17319.
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Understanding the biophysical processes that govern freezing responds of cells is an important step in characterizing and improving the cryopreservation. The quantitative analysis on cell volume shrinkage during freezing helps us understand the mechanism of cryopreservation. Freezing studies were conducted using a Linkam cryostage fitted to an optical microscope cooled under controlled rates at 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100°C/min. The volume of renal cell at subzero temperature have been quantified by heat latent obtained from DSC data and compared to the microscopic data. Experimental data were fitted by nonlinear regression method to calculate the water transport parameters. Also, the final volume of cell was predicted. The ice crystal formation is the vital factor for cryopreservation. Cooling rate deeply affected ice formation temperature. The faster cells are cooled, the more their contents supercool, and at some subzero temperature that supercooled cytoplasm will freeze. Intracellular ice formation (IIF) plays a central role in cell injury during cooling. Cryomicroscope and differential scanning calorimeter were used to study the relationship between cooling rate and TEIF and TIIF. And morphological changes of renal cell were also obtained by cryomicroscope. According to cryomicroscope and DSC experiments, IIF did not occur in renal cells cooled at ≤10°C/min. High cooling rate could depress the ice formation temperature.