Academic literature on the topic 'Renal medullla'
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Journal articles on the topic "Renal medullla"
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Ukey, Rahul Kisan, Reshma Baburao Shinde, Anil Shivshankar Rahule, Prafulla Nikam, and C. V. Diwan. "HISTOGENESIS OF HUMAN FETAL RENAL MEDULLA." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, no. 3.2 (August 10, 2018): 5544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.277.
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Grossman, E. B., and S. C. Hebert. "Renal inner medullary choline dehydrogenase activity: characterization and modulation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 256, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): F107—F112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1989.256.1.f107.
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Betaine belongs to the trimethylamine class of osmolytes (osmotically active substances believed to play an important role in cell volume homeostasis) and has recently been identified in the inner medulla of the mammalian kidney. Trimethylamines accumulate in the renal inner medulla during hypertonic stress, and betaine content in the inner medulla has been shown recently to increase during hypernatremia, yet the mechanisms governing the modulation of trimethylamine content and, in particular, of betaine content are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of choline dehydrogenase activity in the renal inner medullas of three separate rat strains. Choline dehydrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the first of two successive oxidation steps in the biosynthetic conversion of choline to betaine. The presence of choline dehydrogenase activity in the inner medulla suggests that betaine accumulation in the inner medulla may result, at least in part, through in situ synthesis. The Km and Vmax of the reaction in the inner medullas of Long-Evans rats are 4.7 +/- 0.5 mM and 36.9 +/- 5.0 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, respectively. These values are similar to the characteristics of choline dehydrogenase in mammalian liver. During hypernatremia, when betaine content of the inner medulla has been shown to increase 1.5-fold, choline dehydrogenase activity remains unchanged (or slightly increased), whereas enzyme activity in the cortex increases approximately 50%. Possible mechanisms of inner medullary betaine accumulation are discussed.
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Veuthey, Tania, María Cecilia D'Anna, and Marta Elena Roque. "Role of the kidney in iron homeostasis: renal expression of Prohepcidin, Ferroportin, and DMT1 in anemic mice." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 295, no. 4 (October 2008): F1213—F1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90216.2008.
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It is known that renal tissue plays a role in normal iron homeostasis. The current study examines kidney function in iron metabolism under hemolytic anemia studying renal expression of Prohepcidin, Ferroportin (MTP1), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). The relationship between these proteins and iron pigments was also investigated. Immunohistochemical procedures to study renal expression of Prohepcidin, MTP1, and DMT1 were performed in healthy and anemic mice. Renal tissue iron was determined by Prussian blue iron staining. To assess anemia evolution and erythropoietic recovery, we used conventional tests. In healthy mice, Prohepcidin expression was marked in proximal tubules and inner medulla and absent in outer medulla. Cortical tissue of healthy mice also showed MTP1 immunostaining, mainly in the S2 segment of proximal tubules. Medullar tissue showed MTP1 expression in the inner zone. In addition, S2 segments showed intense DMT1 immunoreactivity with homogeneous DMT1 distribution throughout renal medulla. The main cortical findings in hemolytic anemia were in S2 segments of proximal tubules where we found that decreased Prohepcidin expression coincided with an increment in Ferroportin and DMT1 expression. This expression pattern was concomitant with increased iron in the same tubular zone. However, in medullar tissue both Prohepcidin and MTP1 decreased and DMT1 was detected mainly in larger diameter tubules. Our findings clearly demonstrate that in hemolytic anemia, renal Prohepcidin acts in coordination with renal Ferroportin and DMT1, indicating the key involvement of kidney in iron homeostasis when iron demand is high. Further research is required to learn more about these regulatory mechanisms.
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KIM, SOO WAN, SAM HYEON CHO, BONG SUK OH, CHUNG HO YEUM, KI CHUL CHOI, KYU YOUN AHN, and JONGUN LEE. "Diminished Renal Expression of Aquaporin Water Channels in Rats with Experimental Bilateral Ureteral Obstruction." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 10 (October 2001): 2019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v12102019.
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Abstract. Whether postobstructive diuresis could be related to altered regulation of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in the kidney was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral obstruction of the proximal ureters for 48 h. The renal expression of AQP1 to AQP4 proteins was then determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. For elucidation of the primary impairment in the upstream pathway leading to the expression of cAMP-mediated AQP channels, the expression of Gsαand that of adenylyl cyclase were also determined. For some rats, the obstruction was released for collection of urine samples. After the ureteral obstruction, the urinary flow rate was increased and free water reabsorption was decreased. In the obstructed kidneys, the expression of AQP1 to AQP3 was decreased in the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla, whereas that of AQP4 was decreased in the inner medulla. Immunoreactivities for AQP1 to AQP4 were also decreased in the obstructed kidneys. The protein expression of Gsαwas decreased in the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla, whereas that of adenylyl cyclase VI was decreased in the outer and inner medullae. cAMP generation stimulated by arginine vasopressin was decreased in the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. cAMP generation in response to forskolin was decreased in the outer and inner medullae, whereas that in response to sodium fluoride was decreased in the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. These results suggest that a reduced abundance of AQP water channels in the kidney accounts in part for postobstructive diuresis. The primary impairment of AQP channels that are regulated via the arginine vasopressin/cAMP pathway may lie at the level of G proteins and adenylyl cyclase itself.
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Jeon, Un Sil, Ki-Hwan Han, Soo-Hyun Park, Sang Do Lee, Mee Rie Sheen, Ju-Young Jung, Wan Young Kim, Jeff M. Sands, Jin Kim, and H. Moo Kwon. "Downregulation of renal TonEBP in hypokalemic rats." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 293, no. 1 (July 2007): F408—F415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00502.2006.
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Hypokalemia causes a significant decrease in the tonicity of the renal medullary interstitium in association with reduced expression of sodium transporters in the distal tubule. We asked whether hypokalemia caused downregulation of the tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) transcriptional activator in the renal medulla due to the reduced tonicity. We found that the abundance of TonEBP decreased significantly in the outer and inner medullas of hypokalemic rats. Underlying mechanisms appeared different in the two regions because the abundance of TonEBP mRNA was lower in the outer medulla but unchanged in the inner medulla. Immunohistochemical examination of TonEBP revealed cell type-specific differences. TonEBP expression decreased dramatically in the outer and inner medullary collecting ducts, thick ascending limbs, and interstitial cells. In the descending and ascending thin limbs, TonEBP abundance decreased modestly. In the outer medulla, TonEBP shifted to the cytoplasm in the descending thin limbs. As expected, transcription of aldose reductase, a target of TonEBP, was decreased since the abundance of mRNA and protein was reduced. Downregulation of TonEBP appeared to have also contributed to reduced expression of aquaporin-2 and UT-A urea transporters in the renal medulla. In cultured cells, expression and activity of TonEBP were not affected by reduced potassium concentrations in the medium. These data support the view that medullary tonicity regulates expression and nuclear distribution of TonEBP in the renal medulla in cell type-specific manners.
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Burg, Maurice B., and Eugenia M. Peters. "Urea and methylamines have similar effects on aldose reductase activity." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): F1048—F1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.6.f1048.
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The concentration of urea in renal medullary cells is sufficiently high to inhibit activity of many enzymes, yet the cells survive and function. The generally accepted explanation is the counteracting osmolytes hypothesis, which holds that methylamines, such as glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) and glycine betaine (betaine), found in the renal medulla stabilize biological macromolecules and oppose the effects of urea. The present study tests this hypothesis by determining the effects of urea and methylamines, singly and in combination, on the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme that is important in renal medullas for catalyzing production of sorbitol from glucose. In apparent contradiction to the counteracting osmolytes hypothesis, urea (1.0 M) and three different methylamines (trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, and GPC; 0.5 M) all have similar and partially additive inhibitory effects. They all decrease substantially both the Michaelis constant ( K m) and the maximum velocity ( V max). Also, a high concentration (0.5 M) of other organic osmolytes that are abundant in the renal medulla, namely inositol, sorbitol, or taurine, has a similar but lesser effect. KCl (0.3 M) causes a small increase in activity. We discuss the significance of these findings with regard to function of aldose reductase in the renal medulla and the counteracting osmolytes hypothesis.
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Armando, Ines, Miroslava Jezova, Augusto V. Juorio, José A. Terrón, Alicia Falcón-Neri, Cristina Semino-Mora, Hans Imboden, and Juan M. Saavedra. "Estrogen upregulates renal angiotensin II AT2receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 283, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): F934—F943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2002.
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AT2 receptors may act in opposition to and in balance with AT1 receptors, their stimulation having beneficial effects. We found renal AT2receptor expression in female mice higher than in male mice. We asked the question of whether such expression might be estrogen dependent. In male, female, ovariectomized, and estrogen-treated ovariectomized mice, we studied renal AT1 and AT2 receptors by immunocytochemistry and autoradiography, AT2 receptor mRNA by RT-PCR, and cAMP, cGMP, and PGE2 by RIA. AT1receptors predominated. AT2 receptors were present in glomeruli, medullary rays, and inner medulla, and in female kidney capsule. AT1 and AT2 receptors colocalized in glomeruli. Female mice expressed fewer glomerular AT1receptors. Ovariectomy decreased AT1 receptors in medullary rays and capsular AT2 receptors. Estrogen administration normalized AT1 receptors in medullary rays and increased AT2 receptors predominantly in capsule and inner medulla, and also in glomeruli, medullary rays, and inner stripe of outer medulla. In medullas of estrogen-treated ovariectomized mice there was higher AT2 receptor mRNA, decreased cGMP, and increased PGE2 content. We propose that the protective effects of estrogen may be partially mediated through enhancement of AT2 receptor stimulation.
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Nakanishi, T., O. Uyama, and M. Sugita. "Osmotically regulated taurine content in rat renal inner medulla." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 261, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): F957—F962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.261.6.f957.
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During antidiuresis renal medullary cells were previously found to accumulate large amounts of organic osmolytes, namely sorbitol, myo-inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), and betaine. Large quantities of amino acids are also present in the renal medulla, but it has been questionable whether the levels of medullary amino acids are osmotically regulated. Therefore we directly measured 26 different amino acids, as well as sorbitol, myo-inositol, GPC, and betaine alone the corticomedullary axis of rats that were either salt loaded, after infusion of hypertonic NaCl solution, or were hydrated, after infusion of hypotonic NaCl solution. The amounts of sorbitol, myo-inositol, GPC, and betaine are greater in the inner medullas of salt-loaded rats compared with hydrated rats. In addition, the amount of taurine is much greater in the inner medullas of salt-loaded rats. Aspartic acid also increases in salt-loaded rats but to a lesser extent. There are substantial gradients of taurine, aspartic acid, and some of 24 other measured amino acids along the corticomedullary axis. However, taurine and aspartic acid are the only measured amino acids that increase significantly during salt loading.
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Aldekeeva, A. S., Y. S. Kraynova, E. D. Rudenko, and N. Z. Klyueva. "MARcKS and nAP-22 proteins mRnA expression in renal cortex and renal medulla of rats with spontaneous hypertension." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 24, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2018-24-4-435-440.
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Objective. To study the changes in mRNA expression level of two main protein kinase C substrates — MARCKS and NAP-22 — in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR rats) and in normotensive control rats (WKY rats) in renal cortex, renal medulla and total kidney. We also aimed at the identification of possible interstrain differences between the mRNA expression levels.Design and methods.We assessed the level of MARCKS and NAP-22 mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction in male SHR and WKY (as a normotensive control) rats.Results. In SHR rats, MARCKS mRNA expression level in renal cortex was 1,5 times higher than in renal medulla (p = 0,0001) and also higher than in total kidney (p = 0,001), in renal medulla it was lower than in total kidney (p = 0,002). In WKY rats, MARCKS mRNA expression level in renal cortex was higher than in renal medulla (p = 0,0005). There was no differences neither between renal cortex and total kidney (p = 0,011), nor between renal medulla and total kidney (p = 0,716). In SHR rats, NAP-22 mRNA expression level in renal cortex was twofold higher than in renal medulla (p = 0,001), in renal medulla it was lower than in total kidney (p = 0,005), the differences between renal cortex and total kidney were less significant (p = 0,011). In WKY rats, NAP-22 mRNA expression level in renal cortex was 1,5 times higher than in renal medulla (p = 0,001), while in renal medulla it was lower than in total kidney (p = 0,002). There was no significant difference in NAP-22 mRNA expression level between renal medulla and total kidney (p = 0,011). There were no significant interstrain differences in the animal groups either in the levels of MARCKS mRNA expression in renal cortex (p = 0,872), in renal medulla (p = 0,024) or in total kidney (p = 0,520). Neither there were differences in the levels of NAP-22 mRNA expression in cortex (p = 0,028), in medulla (p = 0,028) and in total kidney (p = 0,978).Conclusions. In both SHR and WKY rat strains, the level of MARCKS and NAP-22 mRNA expression in cortical and medullary kidney layers is different, in WKY rats these differences are less pronounced. At the same time, interstrain differences in NAP-22 and MARCKS mRNA expression levels in cortical, medullary layers and in total kidney of SHR and WKY rats were not found.
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Tanvetthayanont, Potsawat, Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, and Nan Choisunirachon. "Impact of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 12 (March 20, 2020): 1148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x20910541.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats. Methods Forty healthy cats (10 intact males, 10 intact females, 10 castrated males and 10 spayed females) presented to the Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and the Diagnostic Imaging Unit at The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. They were ultrasonographically examined to assess renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medullary thickness. Results Regardless of gonadal status, the renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medulla thickness of males were greater than those of females ( P <0.05). In general, neutered cats had thicker medullae (0.36 ± 0.08 cm) and higher mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio (12.15 ± 1.48) than intact cats (0.32 ± 0.08 cm and 11.22 ± 1.37 cm, respectively) ( P <0.05), but no differences were observed in renal length, cortical thickness or aortic luminal diameter. Interestingly, when comparing between sexes with relatively equal body weight, only sex had an impact on renal length. Conclusions and relevance Gonadal status has an effect on medullary thickness and mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Renal medullla"
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Zhang, Wensheng. "Protein and oxygen transport across vasa recta in the renal medulla /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2002.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2002.Adviser: Aurelie Edwards. Submitted to the Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-219). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Ahrens, Nikolai. "Evidence for and characterization of cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin in renal medulla and cortex." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386898.
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Sanches, Osimar de Carvalho [UNESP]. "Histopatologia da série eritróide da medula óssea e do tecido renal de cães com insuficiência renal crônica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95897.
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A insuficiência renal crônica é a principal afecção renal dos cães e a anemia é a principal seqüela desta infecção. Os rins são os principais responsáveis pela produção do hormônio estimulador e regulador da eritropoiese - eritropoetina. O presente estudo teve por objetivos investigar e descrever as alterações histopatológicas dos rins e da linhagem eritróide na medula óssea de cães portadores de insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), identificando e quantificando as células precursoras das hemácias na medula óssea. Foram utilizados 15 animais controle e 15 animais portadores de insuficiência renal crônica. As amostras foram analisadas em microscopia ótica, tendo como auxílio à coloração de Giemsa, que foi utilizada para diferenciar os precursores eritróides. Os animais do grupo controle apesar de apresentarem alterações morfológicas nos rins, estas não foram suficientes para promover alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos, bem como na bioquímica sérica. Já nos animais do grupo com IRC as alterações morfológicas se caracterizaram por glomerulonefrite crônica, seguida da glomerulonefrite proliferativa mesangial, glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa e da glomerulonefrite membranosa com 46,66%, 26,66%, 13,33% e 13,33% dos animais respectivamente. Vale ressaltar ainda que 73,33% dos animais exibiam nefrite intersticial crônica e 20% apresentavam nefrite intersticial focal. Dos quinze animais do grupo com IRC, 80% exibiam quadro de anemia, sendo 46,66% do tipo normocítica normocrômica, 20% macrocítica hipocrômica, 6,66% com anemia microcítica normocrômica e 6,66% do tipo macrocítica hipocrômica. As alterações morfológicas túbulo-intersticiais apresentaram maior correlação com as concentrações de uréia e creatinina e com a contagem dos precursores eritróides.
The chronic renal failure, the main renal afection of the dogs and the anemia is the main sequel of this afection. The kidneys are the main responsible for the production of the hormone stimulator and regulator of the erythropoiesis - erythropoietin. The present work had as objectives to investigate and to describe the histopathologics alterations of the kidneys and of the erythroid lineage in the bone marrow of dogs bearers of chronic renal failure (CRF), identifying and quantifying the precursory cells of the erythrocytes in the bone marrow. 15 control animals and 15 animals bearers of chronic renal failure were used. The samples were analyzed in optic microscopy, with the use of the Giemsa coloration, used to differentiate the erythroid precursors. The animals of the control group inspite of the morphologic alterations presented in the kidneys, were not enough to promote alterations in the hematological parameters, as well as in the serum biochemistry. In the animals of the group with CRF the morphologic alterations are characterized by chronic glomerulonephritis, following by proliferative mesangial glomerulonephritis, membranousproliferative glomerulonephritis and the membranous glomerulonephritis with 46,66%, 26,66%, 13,33% and 13,33% of the animals respectively. It is worth to stand out that 73,33% of the animals exhibited chronic interstitial nephritis and 20% presented focal interstitial nephritis. Of the 15 animals of the group with CRF, 80% exhibited anemia, being 46,66% of the type normocytic normochromic, 20% macrocytic hypochromic, 6,66% with anemia microcytic normochromic and 6,66% of the type macrocytic hypochromic. The morphologic tubulo-interstitial alterations presented larger correlation with the urea concentrations and creatinine and with the counting of the erythroid precursors.
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Sanches, Osimar de Carvalho. "Histopatologia da série eritróide da medula óssea e do tecido renal de cães com insuficiência renal crônica /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95897.
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Orientador: Julio Lopes SiqueiraResumo: A insuficiência renal crônica é a principal afecção renal dos cães e a anemia é a principal seqüela desta infecção. Os rins são os principais responsáveis pela produção do hormônio estimulador e regulador da eritropoiese - eritropoetina. O presente estudo teve por objetivos investigar e descrever as alterações histopatológicas dos rins e da linhagem eritróide na medula óssea de cães portadores de insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), identificando e quantificando as células precursoras das hemácias na medula óssea. Foram utilizados 15 animais controle e 15 animais portadores de insuficiência renal crônica. As amostras foram analisadas em microscopia ótica, tendo como auxílio à coloração de Giemsa, que foi utilizada para diferenciar os precursores eritróides. Os animais do grupo controle apesar de apresentarem alterações morfológicas nos rins, estas não foram suficientes para promover alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos, bem como na bioquímica sérica. Já nos animais do grupo com IRC as alterações morfológicas se caracterizaram por glomerulonefrite crônica, seguida da glomerulonefrite proliferativa mesangial, glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa e da glomerulonefrite membranosa com 46,66%, 26,66%, 13,33% e 13,33% dos animais respectivamente. Vale ressaltar ainda que 73,33% dos animais exibiam nefrite intersticial crônica e 20% apresentavam nefrite intersticial focal. Dos quinze animais do grupo com IRC, 80% exibiam quadro de anemia, sendo 46,66% do tipo normocítica normocrômica, 20% macrocítica hipocrômica, 6,66% com anemia microcítica normocrômica e 6,66% do tipo macrocítica hipocrômica. As alterações morfológicas túbulo-intersticiais apresentaram maior correlação com as concentrações de uréia e creatinina e com a contagem dos precursores eritróides.
Abstract: The chronic renal failure, the main renal afection of the dogs and the anemia is the main sequel of this afection. The kidneys are the main responsible for the production of the hormone stimulator and regulator of the erythropoiesis - erythropoietin. The present work had as objectives to investigate and to describe the histopathologics alterations of the kidneys and of the erythroid lineage in the bone marrow of dogs bearers of chronic renal failure (CRF), identifying and quantifying the precursory cells of the erythrocytes in the bone marrow. 15 control animals and 15 animals bearers of chronic renal failure were used. The samples were analyzed in optic microscopy, with the use of the Giemsa coloration, used to differentiate the erythroid precursors. The animals of the control group inspite of the morphologic alterations presented in the kidneys, were not enough to promote alterations in the hematological parameters, as well as in the serum biochemistry. In the animals of the group with CRF the morphologic alterations are characterized by chronic glomerulonephritis, following by proliferative mesangial glomerulonephritis, membranousproliferative glomerulonephritis and the membranous glomerulonephritis with 46,66%, 26,66%, 13,33% and 13,33% of the animals respectively. It is worth to stand out that 73,33% of the animals exhibited chronic interstitial nephritis and 20% presented focal interstitial nephritis. Of the 15 animals of the group with CRF, 80% exhibited anemia, being 46,66% of the type normocytic normochromic, 20% macrocytic hypochromic, 6,66% with anemia microcytic normochromic and 6,66% of the type macrocytic hypochromic. The morphologic tubulo-interstitial alterations presented larger correlation with the urea concentrations and creatinine and with the counting of the erythroid precursors.
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Dempsey, Sara. "Diuretic and natriuretic activity of FAAH inhibition in the renal medulla: a proposed role of palmitoylethanolamide and its regulation by renal medullary interstitial cells." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5776.
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Hypertension is a critical public health issue worldwide, and in the United States, it is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure, contributing to more than 1,100 deaths per day. It is proposed that the renal medulla combats increased blood pressure by releasing a neutral lipid from the lipid droplets of medullary interstitial cells, termed medullipin, which induces diuresis- natriuresis and vasodepression. The renal medulla is enriched with fatty acid lipid ethanolamides including the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), along with their primary hydrolyzing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Our lab is investigating the relationship of these lipid ethanolamides and their metabolites to medullipin. We have shown that intramedullary infusion of AEA stimulated diuresis-natriuresis without changing mean arterial pressure (MAP) in an acute surgical model using anesthetized normotensive C57BL/6J mice. The hypothesis that infusion of a FAAH-selective inhibitor, PF-3845, would produce similar responses as exogenous AEA was tested. Intramedullary infusion of PF-3845 stimulated diuresis-natriuresis, decreased MAP, and increased lipid ethanolamide concentrations in kidney tissue in C57BL/6J mice. Since the decrease in MAP observed with PF-3845 was not consistent with the results of exogenous AEA, this study hypothesized that increased PEA concentrations in the renal medulla observed with PF-3845 produced the decrease in MAP. Therefore, the effects of PEA administration into the renal medulla were investigated. Intramedullary infusion of PEA stimulated diuresis and natriuresis without changing MAP in normotensive C57BL/6J mice. However, intramedullary PEA administration to mice made hypertensive using L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was assessed. Intramedullary infusion of PEA stimulated diuresis, but also decreased MAP in L-NAME-induced hypertensive mice. The mechanism of PEA-induced diuresis was evaluated for the contributions of its FAAH-mediated hydrolysis and the CB1 receptor. Intramedullary infusion of PEA stimulated diuresis in FAAH knockout mice and CB1 knockout mice. The possible source of PEA in the renal medulla was investigated using renal medullary interstitial cells cultured from mice. In cultured mouse medullary interstitial cells (MMICs), treatment with PF-3845 increased cytoplasmic lipid droplets detected by Sudan Black B (SBB) staining and increased PEA in the culture medium. Physiologic stimuli that may regulate PEA production and release from MMICs were also evaluated. Increased osmolarity increased NAPE-PLD protein levels, increased SBB stained droplets in MMICs, and increased PEA concentrations in the culture medium. Overall, it is concluded that the PEA-induced diuretic and natriuretic effect is independent of FAAH-mediated hydrolysis and the CB1 receptor, and that PEA can serve as an antihypertensive regulator in the renal medulla that may be regulated by medullary interstitial cells.
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Adun, Eseoghene. "Vasopressin Alters the Expression of Aquaporins, Urea Transporters, and ER Stress Genes in the Mouse Renal Medulla." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243731.
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Vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plays an essential role in water regulation during dehydration. The purpose of this study is to examine novel genes that may be activated by vasopressin and evaluate the relative expression of several proteins in the renal collecting duct. 48 hours after water restriction measurements confirmed the increased expression of mRNA of AQP2, AQP3 and the ER stress genes AR, ATF3, and GRP78 .We found that water restriction increases the expression of AQP2 and AQP3 proteins to 1.88 ± 0.08 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.14 fold and 2.88 ± 0.33 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.16 fold, respectively. Water restriction increases the expression of AR and ATF3 proteins to 1.33 ± 0.14 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.13 fold and 3.81 ± 0.24 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.06 fold, respectively. There was an increased mRNA expression of GRP78 with 1.43 ± 0.11 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.04 fold. Vasopressin implantation increases in the mRNA abundance of AQP2 and AQP3 proteins to 1.88 ± 0.09 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.07 fold and 1.46 ± 0.04 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.15 fold, respectively. Vasopressin implantation increases in the mRNA abundance of UTA-1 and UTA-3 proteins to 1.88 ± 0.11 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.02 fold 1.94 ± 0.4 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.2 fold, respectively. There was a significant increase in the mRNA abundance of ATF3 2.75 ± 0.55 4 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.31 fold as well as CHOP10 to 1.7 ± 0. 4 fold vs. control 1.00 ± 0.09 fold in the renal medulla. Insights on these genes are important as vasopressin levels are high in diseases such as diabetes and congestive heart failure.
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Caldas, Heloisa Cristina. "Efeito das células derivadas da medula óssea no tratamento da insuficiência renal crônica experimental." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2011. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/104.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-26Chronic renal failure (CRF) is characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of renal function and its treatment generates significant public spending for maintenance and care of patients on dialysis. Stem cell (SC) therapy, in its potential for treatment of chronic diseases, may be a promising strategy for repairing the damage from or slowing the progression of CRF. There are questions about cell type, quantity of cells, method and ideal place for deployment of SC and the role it plays in the repair of renal parenchyma. Objective: 1) To evaluate the effect of infusion of bone marrow derived cells (BMDC) in the treatment of experimental CRF; 2) Evaluate the combined effect of SC and biomaterial (BM) in the progression of CRF and study the effect of this therapy in different stages of CRF; 3) Evaluate the development of techniques for isolation and cultivation of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mesenchymal cells. Methods: Article 1: We used the 5/6 mass reduction model to induce experimental CRF. Kidney function was measured at the beginning of the experiment and 60 and 120 days after the surgery; Article 2: Animals were subdivided as to the amount of renal parenchyma injured (5/6 or 2/3), the use of BM as a scaffold to cell implantation, and cell type used (mononuclear or mesenchymal cells). Renal function was evaluated on days 0, 45, and 90 after surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were done in all groups at the end of the study; Article 3: Ten samples of HUCB were used and two different procedures for cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were tested: without Ficoll-Paque density gradient, to obtain nucleated cells; with Ficoll-Paque density gradient, for obtaining mononuclear cells. Results: Article 1: CRF progression analysis showed that treatment with BMDC significantly reduced the rate of decline of creatinine clearance (Clcr) when compared with the control group; Article 2:Treated animals showed significantly lower increases in serum creatinine and 24 hour proteinuria, and higher increases in Clcr after 90 days when compared to control animals in both models of CRF; Article 3: The MSC in culture from the method without Ficoll-Paque density gradient maintained growth forming confluent cell foci. Conclusions: Article 1: Progression of CRF can be delayed by injection of BMDC in the renal parenchyma; Article 2: a) Use of SC combined with BM can be an alternative way to administer BMDC; b) Cell therapy seems to be most effective when administered in less severe stages of CRF; Article 3: Nucleated cells without using Ficoll-Paque density gradient showed more efficiency in the cultivation of MSC from HUCB when compared with the procedure employing Ficoll-Paque density gradient
A insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é caracterizada pela perda progressiva e irreversível da função renal e seu tratamento gera um gasto público significativo para manutenção de pacientes em tratamento dialítico. A terapia com células-tronco (CT), pelo seu potencial de tratamento das doenças crônicas, pode ser uma estratégia promissora para reparar ou retardar a progressão da IRC. Existem dúvidas sobre o tipo celular, a quantidade de células, o método e local ideal para implantação das CT e o papel por elas desempenhado na reparação do parênquima renal. Objetivos: 1) avaliar o efeito da infusão de células derivadas da medula óssea (CDMO) no tratamento da IRC experimental; 2) avaliar o efeito combinado das CT e biomaterial (BM) na progressão da IRC e estudar o efeito dessa terapia em diferentes estágios da IRC; 3) Avaliar o desenvolvimento de técnicas de isolamento e cultivo de células mesenquimais do sangue de cordão umbilical humano (SCU). Métodos: artigo 1: usamos o modelo de redução de massa 5/6 para induzir a IRC experimental. Função renal foi medida no início do experimento e 60 e 120 dias depois da cirurgia; artigo 2: animais foram subdivididos conforme a quantidade de parênquima renal lesado (5/6 ou 2/3), o uso de BM como arcabouço para o implante celular e o tipo de células utilizado (célula mononuclear ou mesenquimal). A função renal foi avaliada nos dias 0, 45 e 90 após cirurgia. Análise histológica e imunohistoquimica foram realizadas em todos os grupos ao final do estudo; artigo 3: Foram utilizadas dez amostras de SCU e testados dois diferentes procedimentos para cultivo de células-tronco mesenquimal (CTM): sem gradiente de densidade Ficoll-Paque, para obtenção de células nucleadas; por gradiente de densidade Ficoll-Paque, para obtenção de células mononucleares. Resultados: artigo 1: Análises da progressão da IRC mostraram que o tratamento com CDMO reduziu significativamente a taxa de declínio do clearance ( Clcr) quando comparados com o grupo controle; artigo 2: animais tratados apresentaram aumentos significativamente menores de creatinina sérica, proteinúria e Clcr maiores após 90 dias, quando comparado aos animais controles em ambos os modelos de IRC; artigo 3: as CTM em cultura provenientes do método sem gradiente de densidade Ficoll- Paque mantiveram o crescimento formando focos confluentes de células. Conclusões: artigo 1: a progressão da IRC pode ser retardada pela injeção de CDMO no parênquima renal; artigo 2: a) utilização da CT combinada com o BM pode ser uma via alternativa para administrar a CTMO; b) terapia celular parece ser mais eficaz quando administrada em estágios menos graves da IRC; artigo 3: As células nucleadas sem uso do gradiente de densidade Ficoll-Paque mostraram mais eficiente para o cultivo de CTM do SCU quando comparado ao procedimento com gradiente de densidade Ficoll-Paque.
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Alexandre, Cristianne da Silva. "As células linhagem negativa (Lin) de medula óssea atenuam a progressão da doença renal crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-10032008-150329/.
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Introdução: A doença renal crônica continua sendo um desafio no campo da pesquisa médica. Atualmente um interesse crescente tem surgido no intuito de avaliar o potencial de células tronco em retardar o avanço de doenças crônicas progressivas. Material e Métodos: Para determinar o efeito dessas células em um modelo de progressão de doença renal crônica foram usadas células linhagem negativa (Lin ) separadas magneticamente e injetadas em ratos submetidos à injúria renal. Ratos singênicos Fischer 344 foram submetidos à nefrectomia 5/6 (Nx) e divididos em 3 grupos: Nx (não tratados); NxSC1 (submetidos à infusão de 2 106 células Lin no 15º dia de pós-operatório); e NxSC3 (submetidos à infusão de 2 106 células Lin no 15º, 30º e 45º dias de pós-operatório). No 60º dia de pós-operatório clearance de inulina, imunohistoquímica e immunoblotting foram realizados. Resultados: Os animais submetidos à nefrectomia apresentaram redução do clearance de inulina (0,33 ± 0,02 ml/min/100g peso corpóreo), proteinúria (12 ± 0,5 mg/24hs) , anemia e hipertensão (145 ± 7,7 mmHg) compatíveis com doença renal crônica. A infusão de células Lin- resultou em atenuação da proteinúria (p<0,05) com relação aos animais não tratados a despeito de não ter havido diferença nos níveis de pressão arterial e aldosterona plasmática. Esses achados foram similares entre os grupos tratados com uma ou com três infusões de células. Adicionalmente a infusão de células resultou em redução do índice de glomeruloesclerose e da área intersticial relativa (p<0,05), menor infiltração do tecido renal por macrófagos e linfócitos e menor proliferação celular. A expressão tecidual do p21 e de VEGF já foi associada à aceleração da progressão da lesão renal crônica. No nosso modelo ambas as proteínas tiveram sua expressão reduzida. A redução da expressão tecidual de eNOS tem sido implicada na progressão da doença renal. Em nosso modelo houve aumento dessa expressão após infusão das células Conclusões: A infusão de células Linatenuou todos os marcadores de injúria renal em um modelo de doença precoce possivelmente através de um mecanismo imunomodulador.Progressive renal failure continues to be a challenge. The use of bone marrowderived stem cells (SCs) represents a means of meeting that challenge. We used lineage-negative (Lin-) SCs to test the hypothesis that Lin- cell infusion decreases renal injury. Syngeneic Fischer 344 rats were submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy and divided into 3 groups: Nx (untreated); NxSC1 (receiving 2 × 106 Lin- cells on postnephrectomy day 15); and NxSC3 (receiving 2 × 106 Lin- cells on postnephrectomy days 15, 30 and 45). Controls were unoperated/untreated. On postnephrectomy day 60, clearance studies, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed. Lin- cell infusion effectively reduced postnephrectomy proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, anemia, renal infiltration of immune cells and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 protein expression, as well as decreasing the interstitial area. Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen showed that, in comparison with controls, Nx rats presented greater cell proliferation, whereas NxSC1 rats and NxSC3 rats presented less cell proliferation than did Nx rats. Protein expression of p21 and VEGF increased after nephrectomy and decreased after Lin- cell infusion. Protein expression of eNOS reduced after nephrectomy and increased after cell infusion. These data suggest that SC treatment ameliorates progressive end-stage renal disease.
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Issaian, Tadeh. "Three-Dimentional Architecture of the Renal Inner Medulla of the Desert Rodent Dipodomys Merriami: Potential Impact on the Urinary Concentrating Mechanism." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/156916.
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The objective of the following research project was to analyze the methods behind the urinary concentrating mechanism in Dipodomys merriami, Merriam's kangaroo rat. We hypothesize that the inner medulla of Dipodomys merriami contains extreme examples of various architectural features as well as transport properties which enable it to produce concentrated urine at over 6000mOsm/Kg water. The three-dimensional architecture of the vasculature and nephron segments inside the renal inner medulla (IM) was assessed using digital reconstruction from tissue sections. Descending thin limbs (DTLs), ascending thin limbs (ATLs), collecting ducts (CDs), and ascending vasa recta (AVR) were identified with indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies and lectins that recognize segment-specific proteins associated with solute and water transport (AQP1, ClC-K1, and AQP2). Electron microscopy shows close contact between CDs, AVR, and ATLs at adherence areas. The CDs, AVR, and ATLs are sufficiently close together to form discrete interstitial compartments. This architectural arrangement and apparent isolation of these compartments raise questions regarding their function. One possibility is that lateral solute diffusion from ATLs and CDs into AVR could be preferentially restricted to these areas. Interstitial cell architecture, which could increase and define compartmentalization, may further restrict diffusive exchange.
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Piera, Ryan Elias. "Mensuração ultra-sonográfica da relação córtico-medular renal em cães." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-06082007-104522/.
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Através do ultra-som, um método de diagnóstico seguro e preciso, podemos estabelecer a relação córtico-medular (RCM) renal avaliando o volume da cortical e da medular acrescentando uma avaliação quantitativa ao método usado nas interpretações ultra-sonográficas, que ainda são de caráter qualitativa (subjetiva) e dependem da habilidade, do equipamento e da experiência do médico veterinário que estará fazendo o exame. Utilizamos 30 animais de diferentes raças, com idades entre 1 e 9 anos, machos e fêmeas, com pesos na faixa de 9 até 40 Kg, provenientes de clínicas veterinárias particulares. Todos passaram por exames clínico e físico, mostrando-se sadios e sem histórico de doença ou problemas renais, o que foi confirmado através de exames laboratoriais. Após as aferições por ultra-som as medidas foram colocadas em fórmulas, que deram os volumes de córtex e medula, seguindo então para uma relação mais precisa córtex/medula. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de RCM vão de 2,26 a 3,33 independentemente do volume renal, sexo, peso e idade, sendo estas variantes de baixa significância com a relação córtico-medularThrough the ultrasound, a insurance and exact diagnostic, we can establish renal corticomedullary correlation (RCM) evaluating the volume of the cortical and medullary adding a quantitative evaluation to the used method in the interpretations ultrasonographics, that still are of qualitative character (subjective) and depend on the ability, the equipment and the experience of the medical veterinarian who will be making the examination. We use 30 animals of different races, with ages between 1 and 9 years, males and females, with weights in the band of 9 up to 40 kg, proceeding from clinical particular veterinarians. All had passed for examinations clinical and physical, revealing healthy and without description of illness or renais problems, what it was confirmed through laboratoriais examinations. After the gaugings for ultrasound the measures had been placed in formulas, which had given to the volumes of cortex and medullary, following then for a more necessary corticomedullary correlation. The results had shown that the values of RCM independently go of 2,26 the 3,33 of the renal volume, sex, weight and age, being these variants of low significance with the corticomedullary correlation.
Books on the topic "Renal medullla"
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Mandal, Anil K. Renal Papilla and Hypertension. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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Mandal, Anil K. The Renal Papilla and Hypertension. Springer, 2012.
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Ho, Kwok M. Kidney and acid–base physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0005.
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Anatomically the kidney consists of the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis. The kidneys have approximately 2 million nephrons and receive 20% of the resting cardiac output making the kidneys the richest blood flow per gram of tissue in the body. A high blood and plasma flow to the kidneys is essential for the generation of a large amount of glomerular filtrate, up to 125 ml min−1, to regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. The kidneys also have many other important physiological functions, including excretion of metabolic wastes or toxins, regulation of blood volume and pressure, and also production and metabolism of many hormones. Although plasma creatinine concentration has been frequently used to estimate glomerular filtration rate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in stable chronic kidney diseases, the MDRD equation has limitations and does not reflect glomerular filtration rate accurately in healthy individuals or patients with acute kidney injury. An optimal acid–base environment is essential for many body functions, including haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation, transcellular shift of electrolytes, membrane excitability, function of many enzymes, and energy production. Based on the concepts of electrochemical neutrality, law of conservation of mass, and law of mass action, according to Stewart’s approach, hydrogen ion concentration is determined by three independent variables: (1) carbon dioxide tension, (2) total concentrations of weak acids such as albumin and phosphate, and (3) strong ion difference, also known as SID. It is important to understand that the main advantage of Stewart over the bicarbonate-centred approach is in the interpretation of metabolic acidosis.
Book chapters on the topic "Renal medullla"
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Pallone, Thomas L., and Aurélie Edwards. "Transport Processes in the Microcirculation of the Renal Medulla." In Membrane Transport and Renal Physiology, 211–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9252-1_12.
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Thomas, S. Randall. "Lactate Accumulation in Kidney Inner Medulla: A Vasa Recta Model." In Membrane Transport and Renal Physiology, 273–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9252-1_14.
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Epstein, F. H., M. Brezis, and S. Rosen. "Role of the Medulla in Acute Renal Failure." In Current Concepts in Critical Care, 91–102. London: Springer London, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1750-6_9.
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Angielski, S., T. Pawełozyk, D. Bizon, G. Piec, L. Wojnowski, and J. Stępiński. "DIFFERENCES IN ADENYLATE METABOLISM IN RENAL CORTEX AND MEDULLA." In Molecular Nephrology, edited by Walter G. Guder and Zoran Kovačević, 311–18. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110884746-048.
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Ku, Min-Chi, María A. Fernández-Seara, Frank Kober, and Thoralf Niendorf. "Noninvasive Renal Perfusion Measurement Using Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI: Basic Concept." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 229–39. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_13.
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AbstractThe kidney is a complex organ involved in the excretion of metabolic products as well as the regulation of body fluids, osmolarity, and homeostatic status. These functions are influenced in large part by alterations in the regional distribution of blood flow between the renal cortex and medulla. Renal perfusion is therefore a key determinant of glomerular filtration. Therefore the quantification of regional renal perfusion could provide important insights into renal function and renal (patho)physiology. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) based perfusion MRI techniques, can offer a noninvasive and reproducible way of measuring renal perfusion in animal models. This chapter addresses the basic concept of ASL-MRI.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Nakanishi, Takeshi, Yoshihiro Takamitsu, and Minoru Sugita. "Role of Taurine in the Kidney: Osmoregulatory Taurine Accumulation in Renal Medulla." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 139–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1471-2_15.
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Pedersen, Michael, Pietro Irrera, Walter Dastrù, Frank G. Zöllner, Kevin M. Bennett, Scott C. Beeman, G. Larry Bretthorst, Joel R. Garbow, and Dario Livio Longo. "Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (DCE) MRI–Derived Renal Perfusion and Filtration: Basic Concepts." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 205–27. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_12.
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AbstractDynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI monitors the transit of contrast agents, typically gadolinium chelates, through the intrarenal regions, the renal cortex, the medulla, and the collecting system. In this way, DCE-MRI reveals the renal uptake and excretion of the contrast agent. An optimal DCE-MRI acquisition protocol involves finding a good compromise between whole-kidney coverage (i.e., 3D imaging), spatial and temporal resolution, and contrast resolution. By analyzing the enhancement of the renal tissues as a function of time, one can determine indirect measures of clinically important single-kidney parameters as the renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and intrarenal blood volumes. Gadolinium-containing contrast agents may be nephrotoxic in patients suffering from severe renal dysfunction, but otherwise DCE-MRI is clearly useful for diagnosis of renal functions and for assessing treatment response and posttransplant rejection.Here we introduce the concept of renal DCE-MRI, describe the existing methods, and provide an overview of preclinical DCE-MRI applications to illustrate the utility of this technique to measure renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rate in animal models.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction is complemented by two separate publications describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Fox, Michelle Roper, Henry Kelly, and Sachin Patil. "Medulla: A Cyberinfrastructure-Enabled Framework for Research, Teaching, and Learning with Virtual Worlds." In Online Worlds: Convergence of the Real and the Virtual, 87–100. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-825-4_7.
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Riazy, Leili, Bastien Milani, João S. Periquito, Kathleen Cantow, Thoralf Niendorf, Menno Pruijm, Erdmann Seeliger, and Andreas Pohlmann. "Subsegmentation of the Kidney in Experimental MR Images Using Morphology-Based Regions-of-Interest or Multiple-Layer Concentric Objects." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 549–64. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_33.
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AbstractFunctional renal MRI promises access to a wide range of physiologically relevant parameters such as blood oxygenation, perfusion, tissue microstructure, pH, and sodium concentration. For quantitative comparison of results, representative values must be extracted from the parametric maps obtained with these different MRI techniques. To improve reproducibility of results this should be done based on regions-of-interest (ROIs) that are clearly and objectively defined.Semiautomated subsegmentation of the kidney in magnetic resonance images represents a simple but very valuable approach for the quantitative analysis of imaging parameters in multiple ROIs that are associated with specific anatomic locations. Thereby, it facilitates comparing MR parameters between different kidney regions, as well as tracking changes over time.Here we provide detailed step-by-step instructions for two recently developed subsegmentation techniques that are suitable for kidneys of small rodents: i) the placement of ROIs in cortex, outer and the inner medulla based on typical kidney morphology and ii) the division of the kidney into concentrically oriented layers.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Martirosian, P., C. Schraml, N. F. Schwenzer, G. Steidle, C. Rossi, A. Boss, V. Kumar, et al. "Fiber Architecture Mapping of the Renal Medulla Using Respiratory Triggered Diffusion Tensor Imaging at 3 Tesla." In IFMBE Proceedings, 346–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03879-2_98.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Renal medullla"
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Tulum, Gokalp, N. Tugrul Artug, Onur Osman, Vural Taner Yilmaz, Tuncer Ergin, Ferhat Cuce, Ozgur Dandin, et al. "Fully Automated Segmentation of Renal, Cortex and Medulla." In 2018 Medical Technologies National Congress (TIPTEKNO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiptekno.2018.8596993.
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ROSAR, M. E. "A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE INNER AND OUTER RENAL MEDULLA." In Proceedings of the International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810885_0008.
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Yilmaz, Vural Taner, Gokalp Tulum, Tuncer Ergin, Ferhat Cuce, Ozgur Dandin, Huseyin Kocak, Abdullah Kisaoglu, et al. "Calculation of Renal, Cortex and Medulla Volumes using Semi Automated Method." In 2018 Medical Technologies National Congress (TIPTEKNO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiptekno.2018.8596888.
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Cai, Qing, Ping Geng, Hong Li, Haoran Sun, and Yan Kang. "Semi-automatic segmentation of renal cortex and medulla based on dynamic magnetic resonance images." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639998.
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Tang, Yucheng, Riqiang Gao, Ho Hin Lee, Zhoubing Xu, Brent V. Savoie, Shunxing Bao, Yuankai Huo, et al. "Renal cortex, medulla and pelvicaliceal system segmentation on arterial phase CT images with random patch-based networks." In Image Processing, edited by Bennett A. Landman and Ivana Išgum. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2581101.
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Sohrabi, Salman, Seyyed Mahdi Nemati Mehr, and Pedram Falsafi. "A Novel Approach for Compensating the Significance of Tubule’s Architecture in Urine Concentrating Mechanism of Renal Medulla." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63747.
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Many theories and mathematical simulations have been proposed concerning urine concentrating mechanism (UCM). The WKM and region approach are the two most valuable methods for compensating the effect of tubule’s architecture in renal medulla. They both have tried to simulate tubule’s confinement within a particular region mathematically in one spatial dimension. In this study, continuity, momentum and species transport equations along with standard expressions for transtubular solutes and water transports on tubule’s membrane were solved numerically in three spatial dimensions which practically is the main significance of our novel approach. Model structure has been chosen as simple as possible to minimize the effect of other factors in tubule’s solute and water exchange. It has been tried to simulate the preferential interaction between tubules by introducing different diffusion coefficients for solutes in the intermediate media in order that changing this physical parameter directly could influence tubule’s confinement with respect to each other. The results have been discussed in detail and then the effect of solute’s diffusivity on UCM has been investigated subsequently. In overall, it has been found out that this simulation can validate the integrity of our proposed approach for further investigation in this field.
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Pereira, Paula Beatriz, Joice Rodrigues Dos Santos, and Victória Regina Dos Santos. "TRANSPLANTE DE MEDULA ÓSSEA PARA PACIENTES COM ANEMIA FALCIFORME." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/hematoclil/26.
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Introdução: A anemia falciforme é uma doença hereditária causada por mutações no gene beta globina, cuja principal característica são os eritrócitos falciformes, que possuem esse nome pois sua morfologia é semelhante à de uma foice. Suas manifestações clínicas são anemia, crises de dores agudas, insuficiência pulmonar e renal crônica, síndrome torácica aguda, retardo de crescimento e também obstrução dos vasos sanguíneos por acúmulo de eritrócitos falciformes levando o paciente a uma expectativa de vida reduzida. O TCTH (Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas) é o mais indicado para casos crônicos da anemia falciforme, apesar de suas complicações é o único método que possibilita a cura. Objetivo: Apresentar a importância do TCTH (Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas) no tratamento da anemia falciforme. Material e métodos: Foi feita uma pesquisa criteriosa para selecionar artigos publicados e pesquisas e revisões bibliográficas que foram base para o resumos descrito. Resultados: Somente em 2015 o TCTH foi implantado como opção para tratamento da doença, o procedimento é coberto SUS, como o único método capaz de progredir a cura. Pesquisas mostram que em 2015 cerca de 600 pacientes falciformes receberam transplantes na Europa e outros 600 nos Estados Unidos, época em que o procedimento ainda era experimental e foi constatado um índice de que 90% dos casos tratados evoluíram para cura, quando o irmão é o doador compatível. E em outros casos que o método foi utilizado como tratamento ainda na fase aguda da doença ocasionaram em mais de 99% de cura e mais de 95% de probabilidade de uma sobrevida livre de doença, mas atualmente a possibilidade do uso da TCTH como tratamento é somente considerado experimental e geralmente não indicado. Se o TCTH tivesse aprovação para ser usado ainda no inicio da doença ele poderia curar pacientes e evitar complicações crônicas e debilitantes, mas isso até o momento não é viável pela quantidade escassa de doadores e compatibilidade para tal procedimento. Conclusão: No entanto pelos meios avaliados conclui-se que o TCTH é o mais indicado para casos mais graves da anemia falciforme onde tem como objetivo restabelecer uma hematopoese normal no paciente podendo obter resultados surpreendentes como a cura da doença.
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Bardin, T., K. M. Tran, Q. D. Nguyen, N. H. Le, P. Richette, P. Le Van, J. M. Correas, and M. Resche-Rigon. "OP0357 Hyperechoic deposits in the renal medulla are associated with severe gout and decreased egfr: a transversal study in 503 vietnamese patients." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.5027.
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Rahman, Md Habibur, Shailee Mitra, Hasib Ahmed Prince, and Enamul Hasan Rozin. "Numerical Modelling of Tumor Ablation Process by Localized Heating with Four Armed Electric Probe and a Comparative Study Between Human Liver and Renal Medulla Tissue." In 2019 5th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaee48663.2019.8975546.
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Souza, Karolayne Silva, DIEGO CANUTO BISPO DA SILVA, and MILENA ROBERTA FREIRE DA SILVA. "ASPECTOS FISIOPATÓLOGICOS DO MIELOMA MÚLTIPLO: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/6116.
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Introdução: O mieloma múltiplo é uma patologia maligna plasmocitária, decorrente da multiplicação desordenada e clonal de plasmócitos presentes na medula óssea. Os plasmócitos são células responsáveis pela produção de anticorpos monoclonais. O acúmulo dessas células na medula óssea, provoca destruição óssea, ocasionando fraturas e dores intensas. Objetivo: Descrever a fisiopatologia do mieloma múltiplo e suas características. Material e métodos: A presente pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa exploratória do tipo narrativa, na qual foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicos nacionais e internacionais como: Google acadêmico, SciELO e Pubmed, no período de 2015-2020 na língua portuguesa utilizando os descritores: Mieloma, neoplasia e medula óssea, de modo que, os critérios de inclusão consistiram em estudos que estavam relacionados a temática, e os de exclusão aqueles que não se associavam a temática sobre mieloma múltiplo. Resultados: O mieloma múltiplo anteriormente definido de leucemia de células imortais, é uma neoplasia caracterizada pelo aumento de células plasmáticas adultas e jovens (plasmócitos), com substituição medular e alterações nos anticorpos monoclonais. Essas alterações provocam lesões em órgãos e tecidos como: ósseo, hematopoiético (anemia) e renal (insuficiência renal). No decorre, de sua evolução, percebe-se um aumento desordenado da célula óssea osteoclasto, célula cujo a principal função e produzir enzimas responsáveis pela degradação da matriz óssea mineralizada, originado lesões osteolíticas graves nos pacientes com mieloma múltiplo. Sua fisiopatologia molecular engloba inúmeras causas. Primeiro acontece a translocação, envolvendo o locús de uma das classes do anticorpo, produzindo um diminuto clone. Com o passar dos anos, acontece mutações cromossômicas complementares, que estão relacionados na ativação de oncogenes e na multiplicação de plasmócitos neoplásicos, provocando assim o surgimento do mieloma múltiplo. Dentre as diversas alterações cromossômicas se destaca as deleções 13q14, deleções 17p13 e anomalias 11q. Conclusão: O estudo de sua fisiopatologia é importante para melhor compreensão da doença e escolha da melhor terapêutica a ser aplicada, já que é uma doença extremamente agressiva e destrutiva do tecido ósseo.