Academic literature on the topic 'Renal appendages'
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Journal articles on the topic "Renal appendages"
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Crick, R. E., B. Burkart, J. A. Chamberlain, and K. O. Mann. "Chemistry of Calcified Portions of Nautilus Pompilius." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, no. 2 (May 1985): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400050517.
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The Sr, Mg, and Ca chemistry and mineralogy of the shell, beaks, and inorganic compounds of the renal appendages of Nautilus pompilius Linné 1758 reveal a complex physiochemical system of biomineralization. The chemistry of the shell and septal aragonite is similar, and establish that N. pompilius discriminates against the concentration of Sr and Mg in sea water by 78% and more than 99% respectively. Beaks consist of high-Mg calcite (4.4% MgCO3). Renal appendages contain either aggregates of crystals (uroliths) of Mg-oxalate dihydrate with nuclei of hydroxyapatite or disassociated particles of hydroxyapatite or both. There is no evidence that uroliths or hydroxyapatite particles serve as temporary reservoirs of Ca during calcification of septa.
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Peuler, J. D., K. P. Patel, D. A. Morgan, C. A. Whiteis, D. D. Lund, B. J. Pardini, and P. G. Schmid. "Altered peripheral noradrenergic activity in intact and sinoaortic denervated Dahl rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-071.
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Development of salt-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats is dependent on sympathetic overactivity which may be partially related to arterial baroreflex dysfunction and, therefore, is regionally selective. Our first experiment was designed to determine which regions have elevated sympathetic activity in Dahl S compared with Dahl salt-resistant (R) rats. Weanling (4-week-old) female Dahl R and S rats were fed low or high salt diets (0.13% and 8% NaCl) until 10 weeks of age. Norepinephrine (NE) synthesis was blocked with α-methyl-p-tyrosine, and the fractional decline of NE concentration was measured in various tissues. Dahl S rats with increases in both arterial pressure and left ventricular weight demonstrated increased NE turnover in the sinoatrial node, the atrial appendages, the cardiac ventricles, and the renal cortex. In all of these tissues except the cardiac ventricle, increases were associated with high salt intake. Our second experiment was designed to test if arterial baroreflex dysfunction could account for regional increases in sympathetic activity. Separate groups of Dahl R and S rats fed high salt were subjected to either sham surgery or sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation 1 week prior to turnover determinations. Sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation abolished differences in NE turnover between salt-fed Dahl R and S rats in the cardiac sinoatrial node and the atrial appendages, but not in the cardiac ventricles and the renal cortex. Sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation also abolished differences between salt-fed Dahl S and R rats in the spleen but not the duodenum. Thus in awake, undisturbed Dahl S rats, sympathetic activity may be increased in the cardiac ventricles, regardless of salt intake. High salt intake may induce elevated sympathetic activity in the renal cortex and in the cardiac atria and sinoatrial node of Dahl S but not R rats. Sinoaortic baroreflex dysfunction in Dahl S rats may contribute to some, but not all, regional increases in sympathetic activity.Key words: high salt intake, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, norepinephrine turnover, sympathetic activity, sinoaortic denervation.
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Beuerlein, Knut, Bettina Westermann, Peter Ruth, Robert Schimmelpfennig, and Rudolf Schipp. "Hemocyanin re-uptake in the renal and branchial heart appendages of the coleoid cephalopod Sepia officinalis." Cell and Tissue Research 301, no. 3 (July 14, 2000): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410000254.
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Benjamin, B. A., C. H. Metzler, and T. V. Peterson. "Chronic atrial appendectomy alters sodium excretion in conscious monkeys." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): R699—R705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.4.r699.
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether chronic removal of atrial appendages alters renal response to volume expansion in the conscious monkey. Chronic bilateral atrial appendectomy (ATX) was performed in six animals. Six additional animals served as sham-operated controls. Monkeys were studied 1-2 wk after chronic surgery. The protocol consisted of three consecutive 10-min urine collections followed by 20% ischemic blood volume expansion (VE) and 120 min of post-VE measurements. In sham animals, VE caused an increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels (48 +/- 7 pg/ml to a peak of 108 +/- 34 pg/ml). Urine flow increased from 0.43 +/- 0.07 to 1.07 +/- 0.24 ml/min, sodium excretion increased from 17.9 +/- 2.6 to 74.9 +/- 12.0 mu eq/min, and fractional sodium excretion increased from 0.67 +/- 0.10 to 2.43 +/- 0.28%. ATX attenuated the increase in ANP (34 +/- 8 pg/ml to a peak of 38 +/- 9 pg/ml) in four of six animals. In these animals, renal response to VE was significantly attenuated. Urine flow increased from 0.21 +/- 0.05 to 0.30 +/- 0.01 ml/min, sodium excretion increased from 19.3 +/- 6.02 to 37.8 +/- 5.05 mu eq/min, and fractional sodium excretion increased from 0.79 +/- 0.08 to 1.43 +/- 0.17%. Renal response of two ATX animals with normal increases in atrial natriuretic factor was similar to the sham group. Effect of volume expansion on mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and renal hemodynamics was not altered by ATX. These findings demonstrate that bilateral atrial appendectomy in the monkey attenuates the increase in ANP and reduces renal response to VE.
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Cowley, A. W., P. R. Anderas, and M. M. Skelton. "Acute saline loading in normal and bilaterally atrial-resected conscious dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): H144—H152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.1.h144.
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Acute isotonic saline volume loads (400 ml) were intravenously administered to conscious, renal-denervated dogs before and after bilateral removal of the atrial free walls and atrial appendages to determine the role of atrial-mediated hormonal factors in the renal excretory response. In one group of dogs (n = 11), the volume was given in 10 min; in another group (n = 5), the volume was given in 30 min while arginine vasopressin (AVP) was infused to maintain plasma AVP at a fixed, normal level (3 pg/ml). Sodium and water excretion, mean arterial pressure, and plasma hormone levels were determined before and for 5 h after volume loads. Atrial resection resulted in a 40-50% reduction of sodium and water excretion in both groups during the first 2 h after volume expansion. The blunted renal excretory responses could not be explained by differences in arterial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, or by hormonal differences of plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (iANP), plasma AVP, plasma renin activity, or plasma aldosterone. Plasma iANP was not significantly increased by the volume load in either the normal or atrial-resected state. Atrial-resected dogs exhibited normal plasma levels of iANP. The data indicate the presence of an unidentified diuretic and natriuretic substance, which is released with volume expansion from either the cardiac atria or via the central nervous system, and that the release of this factor is removed by atrial resection.
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Barysheva, Olga Yu, Ruslan N. Simanov, and Andrej V. Bukalev. "Malacoplakia of the urinary bladder. Clinical case report." Urology reports (St. - Petersburg) 12, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved96740.
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A clinical case of bladder malacoplakia in a 33-year-old woman, clinically manifested by dysuria and gross hematuria, is presented. Malacoplakia is a rare tumor-like granulomatous-inflammatory disease with a predominant lesion of the bladder mucosa. The literature describes extravesical forms of malacoplakia with involvement of the ureters, renal pelvis and calyces, prostate, testicles and their appendages, intestines and other organs. In women, the disease occurs 4 times more often than in men. The reasons for the development of malacoplakia are not fully understood. The main importance in its pathogenesis is attached to the infectious factor and immunosuppression. Diagnosis is based on histological examination of bladder biopsy specimens and the detection of Hansemann cells and Michaelis Gutman bodies. Treatment of patients with malacoplakia consists of resection of the affected areas of the bladder and antibiotic therapy.
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Barysheva, Olga Yu, Ruslan N. Simanov, and Andrej V. Bukalev. "Malacoplakia of the urinary bladder. Clinical case report." Urology reports (St. - Petersburg) 12, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved96740.
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A clinical case of bladder malacoplakia in a 33-year-old woman, clinically manifested by dysuria and gross hematuria, is presented. Malacoplakia is a rare tumor-like granulomatous-inflammatory disease with a predominant lesion of the bladder mucosa. The literature describes extravesical forms of malacoplakia with involvement of the ureters, renal pelvis and calyces, prostate, testicles and their appendages, intestines and other organs. In women, the disease occurs 4 times more often than in men. The reasons for the development of malacoplakia are not fully understood. The main importance in its pathogenesis is attached to the infectious factor and immunosuppression. Diagnosis is based on histological examination of bladder biopsy specimens and the detection of Hansemann cells and Michaelis Gutman bodies. Treatment of patients with malacoplakia consists of resection of the affected areas of the bladder and antibiotic therapy.
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Benjamin, B. A., C. H. Metzler, and T. V. Peterson. "Renal response to volume expansion in atrial-appendectomized dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 253, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): R786—R793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.5.r786.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic removal of the atrial appendages alters the renal response to volume expansion (VE) in anesthetized dogs. Chronic bilateral atrial appendectomy (ATX) was performed in 10 animals. Six animals served as sham-operated controls (S). The animals were studied 10-14 days after chronic surgery. The protocol consisted of a 20-min control period followed by isochemic VE (20%) and 120 min of post-VE measurements. The dogs were studied a second time, 2 wk later, after acute bilateral cervical vagotomy. Results from the vagi-intact study showed that VE caused a diuresis, natriuresis, and increase in fractional sodium excretion in ATX that did not differ from the response observed in S. VE also caused equivalent increases in central venous and mean arterial pressures in S and ATX. Atrial appendectomy, however, failed to significantly attenuate the increase in atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) after VE. Plasma ANF increased from 27.2 +/- 4.8 to 47.0 +/- 7.3 pg/ml in ATX and from 27.2 +/- 7.8 to 59.0 +/- 17.9 pg/ml in S. After vagotomy, VE caused transient increases in urine flow and sodium excretion. The changes in central venous and mean arterial pressures were not different from the vagi-intact study and vagotomy did not affect the increase in ANF after VE. Circulating ANF levels increased from 26.4 +/- 5.5 to 75.0 +/- 14.0 pg/ml in ATX and from 28.1 +/- 5.7 to 73.0 +/- 22.6 pg/ml in S. These results demonstrate that, in the dog, bilateral ATX does not alter the renal response to volume expansion or attenuate the increase in ANF. In addition, these results show that vagal pathways are not required for the release of ANF and that vagotomy fails to uncover any effect of atrial appendectomy on renal function.
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Mansour, Fatma, Felix J. Boivin, Iman B. Shaheed, Markus Schueler, and Kai M. Schmidt-Ott. "The Role of Centrosome Distal Appendage Proteins (DAPs) in Nephronophthisis and Ciliogenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212253.
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The primary cilium is found in most mammalian cells and plays a functional role in tissue homeostasis and organ development by modulating key signaling pathways. Ciliopathies are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders resulting from defects in cilia development and function. Patients with ciliopathic disorders exhibit a range of phenotypes that include nephronophthisis (NPHP), a progressive tubulointerstitial kidney disease that commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In recent years, distal appendages (DAPs), which radially project from the distal end of the mother centriole, have been shown to play a vital role in primary ciliary vesicle docking and the initiation of ciliogenesis. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins can result in either a complete loss of the primary cilium, abnormal ciliary formation, or defective ciliary signaling. DAPs deficiency in humans or mice commonly results in NPHP. In this review, we outline recent advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of DAPs and how they participate in nephronophthisis development.
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Nakanishi, Yukihiro, Preeti Behl, Abida Kadi, and Byron Crawford. "Epidermoid Cyst in the Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (September 11, 2019): S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz122.005.
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Abstract Epidermoid cyst in the intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIAS) is an exceedingly rare nonneoplastic entity. It generally does not require therapeutic intervention, but it is often misdiagnosed preoperatively as a cystic tumor, such as a mucinous cystic neoplasm or a cystic degeneration in a solid pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor or solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. We herein report a rare case of ECIAS in a 33-year-old African American man with a history of end-stage renal disease secondary to IgA nephropathy, congestive heart failure, and sickle cell trait who was referred to our facility for a renal transplant workup. A contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography during the workup revealed a bilobed low attenuating mass (3.4 × 3.4 × 2.5 cm) in the tail of the pancreas. Because malignancy could not be excluded, the patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Gross examination of the surgical specimen revealed a smooth-walled, multiloculated cyst (3.7 × 2.7 × 2.0 cm), containing serous fluid within the pancreatic parenchyma. Microscopically, the cyst was lined by nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium without skin appendages, surrounded by benign splenic tissue in the pancreatic parenchyma. No dysplasia or malignancy was seen. Immunohistochemically, the lining epithelium was positive for p63, CK5/6, and CEA and negative for CA19-9, which supports the above diagnosis. The postoperative course was uneventful. In conclusion, ECIAS is a rare benign entity that can mimic malignant conditions and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the tail of pancreas.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Renal appendages"
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Catalano, Sarah Roseann. "Dicyemid parasite fauna of Southern Australian cephalopod species." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83799.
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The dicyemid mesozoans (Dicyemida Van Beneden 1882) are a poorly-understood group of marine organisms that are found with high intensities in the renal appendages of benthic cephalopods. The majority of the research focusing on this group is from the northern hemisphere, with very few studies examining the dicyemid fauna of southern hemisphere cephalopod species. Confusion also exists in the literature on the validity of certain families, genera and species within this phylum, and the phylogenetic framework for the dicyemids is scarce. The few studies that have examined dicyemid molecular genetics focus only on single taxon or sole aspects of genome organisation. Furthermore, key parts of the life cycle of dicyemid parasites are unresolved and their position in the Tree of Life is uncertain. My thesis highlights the taxonomic confusion in the literature that surrounds the Dicyemida, and presents a comprehensive list of all dicyemid species currently described to date (Chapter 2). Ten cephalopods species from Australian waters were collected and examined for dicyemids parasites, resulting in new dicyemid species descriptions (Chapters 3, 4 and 5). Host eggs and filtered seawater samples were collected from the cuttlefish mass breeding aggregation at Upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia, Australia, to assess the unknown host life cycle stage where new infection by the dispersive dicyemid embryo occurs. No dicyemid DNA was detected in any host egg or environmental samples, suggesting new infection occurs after the host embryo hatches rather than at the egg stage (Chapter 6). Patterns of infections, prevalence, species richness, co-infection and co-occurrence of dicyemids among infected cephalopods species were explored (Chapter 7). Host size in general did not influence patterns of infection, however where dicyemid species co-occurred, restriction to discrete host sizes was observed, suggesting competition between species may be an important factor leading to niche separation. Calotte shape was found to vary between dicyemid species that co-occurred within a single host individual. Additionally, dicyemid fauna composition was found to vary with host geographical collection locality, alluding to the potential use of dicyemid parasites as biological tags (Chapter 7). The complete cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) minicircle molecule, including the COI gene plus a non-coding region, was sequenced from nine dicyemid species, and comparisons in sequence composition and size were made between and within species (Chapter 8). The first phylogeny of dicyemids including multiple taxa from the two genera that combined contain over 90% of the nominal described species was estimated from Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. Monotypic species clades were observed, however the paraphyly to the genera suggests classification based on morphological traits may need revision (Chapter 8). The hypothesis that parasite genetics of infected cephalopods will allow for a deeper insight into population structuring compared to that gained with complementary methods was tested, with dicyemid mesozoans infecting giant Australian cuttlefish (Sepia apama) as the chosen system (Chapter 9). The population structure of S. apama previously inferred from host morphology, behaviour and genetics was supported from dicyemid parasite mitochondrial haplotype phylogeography, with an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) providing an alternative insight into structuring of this cuttlefish species. This result suggests that in the future, a holistic approach that incorporates parasite and host data (morphology and genetics) should be used to assess cephalopod population boundaries. An invited review article on the use of parasites as biological tags to assess the population structure of marine organisms is presented as the final data chapter (Chapter 10). Comments are made on the guidelines for selecting a parasite species as a reliable tag candidate, the need to incorporate parasite genetic information and the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach. The direct outcomes of my study include the description of the first dicyemid species from Australian waters, insights into the unknowns in the dicyemid life cycle, presentation of the first dicyemid phylogeny allowing taxa classification to be assessed outside of the sole morphological approach and analysis of the use of dicyemid parasites as biological tags, supporting the integration of dicyemid parasite genetics alongside other complementary methods to assess cephalopod population structure. In summary, my study has significantly contributed to the field of dicyemid research, increasing both fundamental and applied knowledge on this enigmatic group of organisms.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2014
Book chapters on the topic "Renal appendages"
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Faletra, Francesco Fulvio, Gila Perk, Natesa G. Pandian, Hans-Joachim Nesser, and Itzhak Kronzon. "Percutaneous Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage." In Real-Time 3D Interventional Echocardiography, 121–36. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4745-9_6.
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Morales, Xabier, Carlos Albors, Jordi Mill, and Oscar Camara. "Towards Real-Time Optimization of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device Placement Through Physics-Informed Neural Networks." In Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart. Regular and CMRxMotion Challenge Papers, 36–45. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23443-9_4.
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Rees, Lesley, Nicholas J. A. Webb, Detlef Bockenhauer, and Marilynn G. Punaro. "Renal cystic diseases and ciliopathies." In Paediatric Nephrology, 353–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0013.
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Inherited renal cystic diseases comprise a spectrum of disorders that are typically characterized by dysfunction of the so-called cilia. These hair-like cellular appendages are involved in numerous cellular signalling processes. During development, cilia are important for the development of the left–right axis and for the establishment of cell polarity. Consequently, depending on the specific nature of the underlying ciliary defect, renal cystic diseases can be associated with a large spectrum of other organ manifestations, including congenital heart disease, retinopathy, polydactyly, and hepatic abnormalities, such as ductal plate malformation. Based on clustering of such symptoms, specific clinical syndromes, such as nephronophthisis, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Joubert syndrome, and the various forms of polycystic kidney diseases, have been assigned. Subsequent genetic investigations have shown that these clinical distinctions are not necessarily consistent with the underlying genetic alterations, so that, for example, genes initially associated with Joubert syndrome can phenocopy autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Thus, identification of the genetic cause can inform the clinical management to assess for potentially involved organ manifestations.
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Bull, Christian H. "No End to Sacrifice in Hermetism." In Philosophy and the End of Sacrifice: Disengaging Ritual in Ancient India, Greece and Beyond, 143–66. Equinox Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/equinox.28079.
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In a similar vein to the preceeding chapter, and likewise proceeding from the Corpus Hermeticum, Christian Bull follows a recent scholarly development in the evaluation of the Hermetic treatises as appendages of a real cultic community. Bull insists on rectifying the notion of the Hermetic spiritual and spoken exercises as dismissals of material sacrifice. Unlike the intentions of traditional Graeco-Roman animal sacrifice to increase the prosperity of land and lineage, the concept of material sacrifice in ancient Egypt was distinctly tied to a concept of piety and cosmic order. This notion responds well with the ideals of both Jewish and Hermetic communities in Late Antiquity.
Conference papers on the topic "Renal appendages"
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Angelou, Manolis, and Kostas J. Spyrou. "Towards a New Mathematical Model for Investigating Course Stability and Maneuvering Motions of Sailing Yachts." In SNAME 22nd Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2016-010.
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In order to create capability for analyzing course instabilities of sailing yachts in waves, the authors are at an advanced stage of development of a mathematical model comprised of two major components: an aerodynamic, focused on the calculation of the forces on the sails, taking into account the variation of their shape under wind flow; and a hydrodynamic one, handling the motion of the hull with its appendages in water. Regarding the first part, sails provide the aerodynamic force necessary for propulsion. But being very thin, they have their shape adapted according to the locally developing pressures. Thus, the flying shape of a sail in real sailing conditions differs from its design shape and it is basically unknown. The authors have tackled the fluid-structure interaction problem of the sails using a 3d approach where the aerodynamic component of the model involves the application of the steady form of the Lifting Surface Theory, in order to obtain the force and moment coefficients, while the deformed shape of each sail is obtained using a relatively simple Shell Finite Element formulation. The hydrodynamic part consists of modeling hull reaction, hydrostatic and wave forces. A Potential Flow Boundary Element Method is used to calculate the Side Forces and Added Mass of the hull and its appendages. The Side Forces are then incorporated into an approximation method to calculate Hull Reaction terms. The calculation of resistance is performed using a formulation available in the literature. The wave excitation is limited to the calculation of Froude - Krylov forces.
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Meyer, Janek, Hannes Renzsch, Kai Graf, and Thomas Slawig. "Advanced CFD Simulations of free-surface flows around modern sailing yachts using a newly developed openFOAM solver." In SNAME 22nd Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2016-013.
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While plain vanilla OpenFOAM has strong capabilities with regards to quite a few typical CFD-tasks, some problems actually require additional bespoke solvers and numerics for efficient computation of high-quality results. One of the fields requiring these additions is the computation of large-scale free-surface flows as found e.g. in naval architecture. This holds especially for the flow around typical modern yacht hulls, often planing, sometimes with surface-piercing appendages. Particular challenges include, but are not limited to, breaking waves, sharpness of interface, numerical ventilation (aka streaking) and a wide range of flow phenomenon scales. A new OF-based application including newly implemented discretization schemes, gradient computation and rigid body motion computation is described. In the following the new code will be validated against published experimental data; the effect on accuracy, computational time and solver stability will be shown by comparison to standard OF-solvers (interFoam / interDyMFoam) and Star CCM+. The code’s capabilities to simulate complex “real-world” flows are shown on a well-known racing yacht design.
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Boppe, Charles W. "Sailboat Hydrodynamic Drag Source Prediction and Performance Assessment." In SNAME 10th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1991-009.
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Velocity Prediction Programs used for sailboat hull, sail, and keel sizing trades, have found an important place in the designer's toolbox. Sail designers now recognize the benefits of applying aerodynamic panel methods. In addition, the 1983 and 1987 America's Cup competitions have drawn attention to use of computerized flow simulation methods for improving hydrodynamic performance. This paper highlights characteristics of methods capable of predicting sailboat hydrodynamic drag forces. Taken together the resistance components predicted include appendage surface friction drag, configuration and lift-induced drag, and configuration trim drag. All of the computer programs discussed in this paper were originally developed for aircraft aerodynamic applications. Since each method is based on some approximate model of real world flow physics, the need to establish a simulation experience base is emphasized and illustrated. VPP polar diagrams are used to link drag source benefits and penalties to sailboat performance. Micro-computer execution times are provided because the methods described operate in machines commonly found in the naval architect’s office.
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Chhabra, Narender K., and James R. Scholten. "All Angle-of-Attack Hydrodynamic Model for Underwater Vehicles Validated by Tank Test Data." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1256.
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Abstract An underwater vehicle’s design and operation requires prediction of its performance at various velocities and angles-of-attack or of sideslip. Traditional models based upon headway motion at substantial speeds use coefficient-based equations of motion. Simulations based upon these coefficients are not valid for hover, low speeds, or high angles-of-attack or of sideslip. To remedy this severe limitation, nonlinear hydrodynamic models valid for all attitudes of underwater vehicles have been developed and are presented here. These models are derived from the physics of hydrodynamic phenomena. Forces and moments for the total vehicle are obtained by relying on body-buildup techniques. For the vehicle’s hull, the models are profile drag, lift, crossflow force, and added mass. For appendages such as fins, the models are lift and drag when unstalled, normal force when stalled, transition between unstalled and stalled conditions, and hull interference effects. Whenever the equations contain parametric coefficients such as added-mass, drag, and lift, values are specified for all angles-of-attack and sideslip with a minimal use of empirical look-up tables. These models represent the state-of-the-art in low speed hydrodynamics at all angles-of-attack. The hydrodynamic models presented here have been improved and validated by analysis and comparison with test data. Sub-scale versions of two different vehicles have been tested in tow-tanks at all angles-of-attack. The models have been implemented in a C language computer code which runs at high speed with no iteration required. This code is utilized regularly in faster-than-real-time vehicle performance simulations.