Relevant bibliographies by topics / Removal of Sulfer compound

Academic literature on the topic 'Removal of Sulfer compound'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Removal of Sulfer compound"

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Kumar, Sunil, Vimal Chandra Srivastava, Ashutosh Kumar, and Shrikant Madhusudan Nanoti. "Effect of gas oil composition on performance parameters of the extractive desulfurization process." RSC Advances 6, no. 30 (2016): 25293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27757d.

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Yasuda, Tomoko, Miyoko Waki, Yasuyuki Fukumoto, Hiroaki Saito, and Hiroki Yokojima. "Odorous Compound Removal Performance and Water Properties of a Biotrickling Filter Installed in a Piggery." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 4 (2021): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14443.

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Highlights We evaluated the performance of a two-stage biotrickling filter in a pig facility. A short empty bed residence time lowered the secondary filter removal efficiency for many odorous compounds. The removal efficiency of some compounds increased when the pH in the secondary water tank decreased. Low-odor-threshold compounds such as MT, n-BA, n-PA, and p-cresol were indicated as targets for optimization. Abstract . Odor is a major problem in pig production, and it is important to minimize odor emissions. To determine the factors influencing variations in odor removal efficiency, we analyzed the performance of a biotrickling filter installed in growing-finishing pig rooms on a commercial farm. Over 16 months, we conducted measurements of representative odorous compounds, namely sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide), volatile fatty acids (propanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and pentanoic acid), and ammonia. The average removal efficiencies of methanethiol, dimethyl disulfide, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia were 83% to 89%, with 50% for hydrogen sulfide and 18% for dimethyl sulfide. For many, but not all, odorous compounds, removal efficiency declined significantly with decreasing empty bed residence time (EBRT). From an analysis of the correlations of odorous compounds’ removal efficiency with the properties of the trickling water, we hypothesized that water properties such as pH, free ammonia, free nitrous acid, ionic species (Na+, Ca2+) concentrations, temperature, electrical conductivity, and biological oxygen demand, in addition to EBRT, were associated with fluctuations in removal efficiency during full-scale operation. The pH in the secondary water tank was negatively correlated with the removal efficiencies of methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, pentanoic acid, and ammonia. Our identification of key odorous compounds indicates the importance of the secondary filter in odor treatment. Biotrickling filters for air in pig facilities could be further optimized by targeting low-odor-threshold compounds such as methanethiol, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, and p-cresol, in addition to ammonia. Keywords: Ammonia, Biotrickling filter, Pig facility odor, Sulfur compound, Trickling water, Volatile fatty acid.
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Kolarski, Dejan, Jelena Janković, Draginja Mihajlović, Neda Kovačević, and Jelena Lukić. "Solving the problem of exploitation of transformers with corrosive sulfur by oil desulfurization using a strong inorganic base and organic solvent." Zbornik radova Elektrotehnicki institut Nikola Tesla 31, no. 31 (2021): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zeint31-34696.

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Most power transformer failures are associated with the presence of corrosive sulfur compounds in mineral insulating oil, of which dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) is the best known and most widespread corrosive sulfur compound. The oil of failed transformers usually contained DBDS, a compound with a pronounced affinity for the formation of copper (I) sulfide (Cu2S). Copper (I) sulfide is a compound that does not dissolve in oil, conducts electricity, and can be deposited on the paper insulation or copper conductor of the transformer. Created conductive paths between the windings can initiate turn-to-turn breakdown and failure of the transformer. Several technological procedures have been developed as a solution to oil corrosivity. The application of desulfurization technology developed by the Electrical Engineering Institute "Nikola Tesla" enables the efficient removal of DBDS and aging products from mineral insulation oils.
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Antonova, O. I., K. R. Vepryntseva, and Ye M. Komyakova. "BASIC NUTRIENT CONSUMPTION AND REMOVAL WITH RAPESEED SEEDS WHEN APPLYING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER COMBINATIONS." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 12 (December 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-206-12-5-11.

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In the context of different fertilizer combination applica-tion (urea-ammonia liquor KAS-32, liquid complex fertilizer ZhKU, and compound NPK fertilizerDiammophoska) N89P26K26S14, N70P26K26S14, N73P39K13S14, N89P39K13S14, N87P37S14and N71P37S14, we revealed increased removal of CaO to 15.6-20 kg ha as opposed to 13.8 kg ha in the con-trol; MgO to 12.3-16 kg ha compared to 10.2 kg ha in the control. Taking into account Ca and Mg removal without return, it requires the introduction of compound fertilizers containing these nutrients into the fertilizer system. Nitro-gen removal was 110.3-165.5 kg ha compared to 102.6 kg ha, and sulfur -10.9-12.8 kg ha compared to 7.8 kg ha in the control. The S/N ratio ranged from 8.9-15.4 compared to 14 in the control. For the most part, it was equal to 10.7-12.9 which was indicative of satisfactory sulfur supply to oil seed rape crops and the need to increase sulfur dose to 21-28 kg ha. The largest removal of all nutrients was found inthe variants with N73P39K13S14and N71P37S14; the highest yield was formed with N73P39K13S14with N:P:K removal ratio of 1:0.39:0.21
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Li, Shun De, Ye Tong Ye, Lan Li, Guo Yu Wei, and Qing Ning Wang. "Study the Removal of Sulfide in MTBE Base on the Attapulgite Desulfurizer." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.208.

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A novel desulfurizer was prepared to remove the sulfide in MTBE. The performance of the desulfurizer was investigated by L18(2×37) Orthogonal Test. The desulfurizer for MTBE was prepared by the impregnating technique, in which the transitional metal Fe series and Ag series compounds were used as active components, and the modified attapulgite clay as the carrier. In order to get the optimum conditions to desulfurization in MTBE, IR, XRD, TEM, XPS technology were used to study the desulfurization mechanism. Compare the desulfurization characterize before and after the experiment. The result shows that the desulfurizer made by 8% Fe series compound and 2% Ag series compound, and roasted at 300°C for 3 hours. The Sulfur content in MTBE was reduced from 789mg/kg to 124mg/kg. The desulfurization rate was reached to 84.18% (in normal temperature and pressure.). The removal effect is obvious. The result of this study can be applied for Removal sulfide in MTBE.
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Shahriar, Syed, Xue Han, Hongfei Lin, and Ying Zheng. "Adsorptive Removal of Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Compounds by SBA15 Supported Nickel (II) and Tungsten Phosphides and the Adsorption Mechanisms." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0107.

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Abstract SBA15 supported transition metal phosphides Ni2P/SBA15 and WP/SBA15 have been identified as promising adsorbents especially for removing neutral nitrogen-containing compounds. Adsorption of model nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds as well as light cycled oil (LCO) was performed and applied for the evaluation of kinetics and isotherms. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was well fitted to both nitrogen and sulfur adsorption data. Molecular size of the adsorbates plays an important role in the adsorption. Despite of higher initial adsorption rates, the adsorption capacities for carbazole and DBT were lower than those for indole and quinoline due to their larger molecular size. Monolayer adsorption was observed for quinoline due to the acid-base interaction between the basic nitrogen adsorbate and the weak acidic support. The Freundlich model was suitable in describing the adsorption of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds from LCO. Cooperative adsorption took place when replacing the model compound DBT by the sulfur-containing compounds in LCO.
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Zhu, Ying, Chuan Liu, Qiao Wen Yang, Peng Fei Li, Yong Jun Sun, and Dong Yao Xu. "Study on the Promoting Effect of Additive on the Calcium-Based Sulfur-Fixing Agent." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.634.

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Based on the removal of SO2 as the research background, this paper focuses on the research of mono-component experiment and orthogonal experiment of compound sulfur-fixing agent composed of shell powder and red mud (at the mass ratio of 8:2) at the temperature of 1000°C and Ca/S was 2.0, by adding manganese dioxide, fly ash, magnesium oxide and potassium carbonate as the sulfur-fixing additive. The experimental results showed that the sulfur fixation capacity of desulfurizer is increased to different extents and the optimal ratio to additive is obtained after addition of the additive.
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Wang, Jing, and Rui Wang. "Characteristics of New Absorbent System of Heteropoly Compound Solution for H2S Removal." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.246.

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A new liquid redox method for low sulfur containing gas treatment, with H2S concentration less than 1000mg/m3, was developed employing the heteropoly compounds of molybdenum and phosphorus by the present authors. The desulfurization characteristics of the absorbent system of vanadium substituted heteropoly acid, viz. H4PVMo11O40, were investigated by dynamic outlet-gas H2S concentration detection method. Like the aqueous solution of the parent compound, namely H3PMo12O40 or its sodium salt, H4PVMo11O40 solution can also be used as efficient absorbent for H2S removal. The absorbent system of H4PVMo11O40 solution was found to have fairly good absorption-regeneration performance, with a H2S removal rate of up to 100% in the presence of CuS as additive, hence it is promising in pollution control and resource reclamation.
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Li, Kaiyue, and Wuping Liao. "Two sulfur and nitrogen-rich cobalt–thiacalix[4]arene compounds for the selective mercury removal from aqueous solutions." CrystEngComm 22, no. 44 (2020): 7668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01209b.

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Two thiacalix[4]arene-based coordination compounds, a {Co24} octahedral coordination cage and a {Co8} cluster, are effective adsorbents towards Hg(ii) and the adsorption capacity of the {Co24} cage compound reaches 330 mg g−1.
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Luo, Wei, and Qiang Wu. "Development of wellbore compound blockage removal technology to reduce production loss in the ultra-deep and high-sulfur Yuanba gas field." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (September 15, 2020): 3711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-01000-5.

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Abstract Wellbore compound blockage occurs in several wells of Yuanba gas field during production, which seriously affects the stable production. The prior treatment with inorganic acid injection does not show a good effect. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an effective blockage removal technology. In this work, the composition analysis of compound blockage samples is firstly carried out. Then, two types of acid solution and barite dissolvent for different types of wellbore blockage are developed. Finally, the corresponding crafts of wellbore blockage removal for different degrees of wellbore blockage are set up. Analysis results show that the inorganic components of blockages are mainly FeS2, CaCO3, BaSO4, and SiO2. The organic components of blockages are mainly the decomposition products of macromolecular materials and the asphaltene. There are differences in the components of blockages between different wells in Yuanba gas field. Some wells are the type of organic-based blockage, while others are the type of inorganic-based blockage. The field application shows that the developed wellbore compound blockage removal technology has successfully guided the in situ removal operation of eight wells in Yuanba gas field, ensuring the smooth completion of production task of this gas field. This effective blockage removal technology can be extended to similar ultra-deep and high-sulfur gas field.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Removal of Sulfer compound"

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Peyton, Daniel Junior. "Nitrogen-compound removal by ion exchange a model system study of the effect of nitrogen-compound type on the removal performance of two sulfonated styrene/divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins." Ohio : Ohio University, 1990. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183467365.

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Djebbar, Yassine. "Prediction of mass transfer coefficients of air-stripping packed towers for volatile organic compound removal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0011/NQ38780.pdf.

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Conti-Ramsden, Michael. "On the removal of odours and volatile organic compounds from gas streams using adsorption and electrochemical regeneration." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/on-the-removal-of-odours-and-volatile-organic-compounds-from-gas-streams-using-adsorption-and-electrochemical-regeneration(399fc365-145d-4eff-9858-0e4f883d60ef).html.

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Adsorption combined with aqueous phase electrochemical regeneration has been shown by researchers at The University of Manchester (UoM) to offer an alternative approach to the removal of organics from waters and wastewater's. The process, based on a regenerable graphite intercalation compound (GIC) adsorbent, produces no secondary waste, is energy efficient and chemical free. A company, Arvia Technology Ltd., was set up in 2007 to commercialise the technology. As part of a growth and development strategy Arvia investigated other possible applications of the technology and found that odour removal from gas streams might be a good fit with technology features. This Engineering Doctorate (EngD) was a direct investigation into both this technology fit and into the market opportunity for technologies treating odours and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas streams. The research conducted demonstrated that the technology in its different applied forms had certain process drawbacks. Where mass transfer, adsorption and regeneration were combined in a single unit, enhanced transfer as a result of higher pollutant Henry's coefficient was offset by lower adsorbate affinity which varied with hydrophobicity. This relation between affinity and hydrophobicity was different for oxygen functionalised aromatic molecules than for the aliphatic molecules studied. Where adsorption occurred in the gaseous phase and regeneration in the aqueous phase, disadvantages such as short adsorbent packed bed lifetimes and lower current efficiencies of oxidation as a result of adsorbate desorption were shown to be an issue. When the above process challenges were set against the challenging market environment and relatively small market opportunity (approx. £52 million in Europe, 2012) it was difficult to recommend further broad research into the technology. However it was concluded that the concept might still be usefully applied to odour and VOC abatement and that further work should focus on a two phase system with a gas phase adsorbent regeneration technique. The relation observed between adsorbate affinity, hydrophobicity and structure allowed the demonstration of the preferential removal of phenol from solutions containing significantly higher concentrations of aliphatic molecules. This finding is considered the most important project output as it highlights an opportunity to develop Arvia's water treatment technology into a targeted water treatment system for the removal of specific, industrially important, organic contaminants.
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Brooks, George Patrick 1955. "Forced ventilation removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons in layered, unsaturated soil material: A laboratory evaluation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276975.

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Helium tracer experiments were conducted to characterize conservative tracer behavior in a wedge-shaped lysimeter containing alternating layers of unsaturated silty sand, and clay loam. Experiments were conducted with trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane to determine if air stripping in unsaturated soil could be characterized by mass transfer from the sorbed to the liquid to the vapor phase. Batch experiments were conducted to measure liquid--vapor mass transfer. Solid-liquid-vapor mass transfer was characterized by measuring the vapor phase re-equilibration after the air stripping experiment. The Discrete State Compartment model was used to simulate a conservative gas tracer. The results were compared to the helium tracer. Liquid-vapor, and solid-liquid-vapor mass transfer were modeled by fitting simulated data to experimental data. The conservative tracer, and mass transfer models were combined to simulate air stripping in unsaturated soil.
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Do, Anh Tien. "Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Removal of Micropollutants." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3075.

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To date, most studies on the fate and removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater focus on their fate in municipal wastewater treatment plants, and mostly under aerobic condition. There are limited studies related to anaerobic condition and (to our knowledge) no study on the removal of EDCs in landfill leachate by AnMBR. Moreover, for most studies under anaerobic condition, the removal of EDCs was only reported in the liquid phase; solid phase extraction was not reported, thereby preventing mass balance in the studies. This research was conducted to investigate the potential of AnMBR for reduction of organic strength and removal of EDCs in landfill leachate. A novel lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor equipped with dual-flat sheet ultrafiltration and microfiltration membrane modules was designed and constructed to test the potential to remove EDCs and traditional landfill leachate constituents (COD, turbidity). The target EDC was 17β-estradiol (E2), a prevalent female hormone used for contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Due to the nature of packaging and widespread use in households, the entry of E2 into landfills is highly likely, and has been reported. The quantification of E2 from liquid phase in this project is performed by the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with GC/MS. Batch assays were conducted to determine the anaerobic biodegradability of E2 as well as to measure the respective distribution coefficients of E2 to PAC, colloids and anaerobic sludge biomass. In the adsorption batch assays, it was found that the PAC has stronger adsorption potential than anaerobic sludge. The adsorption potential of E2, E1 and EE2 on sludge follows the order E2>EE2>E1 which correlates to the Kow values (4.01, 3.67, 3.1, respectively). However, all three compounds showed the same adsorption potential to the Norit 20B PAC. The biodegradability of E2 was investigated in both liquid and solid phase and under several conditions such as methanogenesis, methanogenesis with aid from PAC, and methanogenesis with additional alternative electron acceptors added (sulfate and nitrate). E2 was found to transform to E1 under all tested conditions. The compounds are present in both liquid and solid phase. E2 and E1 were not detected (< 4ng/L and <10ng/L, respectively) in the liquid phase after 25 days in most cases except the case of adding additional sulfate. The AnMBR was designed, fabricated and operated for 2 years. During the stable condition period of the AnMBR, the high removal efficiencies of COD and E2 achieved were around 92% and 98%, respectively. However, E2 was still detected in the effluent at average concentrations of 30-40 µg/L range. To expand hormone retention and removal by the AnMBR, as well as to control membrane fouling, powder activated carbon (PAC) was added to the reactor. After the PAC was added, the concentration of E2 was reduced to less than the detection limit (4ng/L) in both MF and UF effluents. The log removal of E2 in the AnMBR system increased immediately from 1.7 without PAC to 5.2 after PAC was added. This study demonstrated that the AnMBR has high potential for removal of E2, and with aid from PAC, the AnMBR can remove E2 from landfill leachate to levels below detection limit.
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Lie, Fee Li. "Interface Formation Between High Dielectric Permittivity Films and III-V Compound Semiconductors using HF Chemistries and Atomic Layer Deposition." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204301.

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In-based III-V compound semiconductors have higher electron mobilities than either Si or Ge and direct band gaps. These properties could enable the fabrication of low power, high-speed n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and optoelectronics combining MOS technology with photonics. Since thermal and native oxides formed on III-V surfaces exhibit large current leakage and high densities of trap states, a key to incorporating these materials into advanced devices is the development of processing steps that form stable interfaces with dielectric layers. In this thesis, a processing flow consisting of native oxide removal using HF chemistries and deposition of high dielectric permittivity films using atomic layer deposition was investigated. Understanding the reaction mechanisms of these processes could provide the means of controlling composition and structure, yielding a desired electronic behavior. Quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of surfaces was coupled with electrical measurements on MOS capacitors of the interface quality in order to understand the nature of high-k/III-V interface defects and their repair. Ex situ liquid phase HF etching removed InSb, InAs, and InGaAs(100) native oxides and produced an Sb- or As-enriched surface, which oxidized when exposed to air. A 5 to 22 °A thick As- and Sb-rich residual oxide was left on the surface after etching and < 5 min of air exposure. The results showed that group V enrichment originated from the reduction of group V oxides by protons in the solution and the preferential reaction of HF with the group III atom of the substrate. A sub-atmospheric in situ gas phase HF/H2O process removed native oxide from InSb, InAs, and InGaAs(100) surfaces, producing an In or Ga fluoride-rich sacrificial layer. A 50 to 90% oxide removal was achieved and a 10 to 25 °A-thick overlayer consisting of mainly In and Ga fluorides was produced. The composition and morphology of the sacrificial layer were controlled by the partial pressure of H2O as well as the ratio of HF to H2O used. Water played a critical role in the process by directly participating in the etching reaction and promoting the desorption of fluoride etching products. Accumulation of thick fluoride layer at high HF to water partial pressure ratios prevented adsorption and diffusion of etchant to the buried residual oxide. When oxide was removed, HF preferentially reacted with In or Ga atoms from the substrate, enriching the surface with group III fluorides and producing approximately one monolayer of elemental group V atoms at the interface. Interface reactions occurred during atomic layer deposition of Al2O3, in which trimethylaluminum (TMA) removed surface oxides and fluorides. Chemically sharp InSb/Al2O3 and InGaAs/Al2O3 interfaces were achieved for gas phase HF-etched InSb and liquid phase HF-etched InGaAs. A ligand transfer mechanism promotes nucleation of Al2O3 and removal of III-V atoms from the sacrificial oxide and fluoride layers as volatile trimethyl indium, gallium, arsenic, and antimony. These reactions have been explained by the relative bond strength of surface and precursor metal atoms with O and F. Interaction of a InSb(100) surface with TiCl4 as a model for metal halide ALD precursors showed that similar ligand transfer reactions occured. Adsorbed chlorine from the dissociative adsorption of TiCl4 on the InSb surface at elevated temperature, however, preferentially etched In atoms from the substrate and produced a roughened surface. The quality of InGaAs/Al2O3 interfaces prepared by solvent cleaning and liquid phase HF were assesed electrically using capacitance-voltage and conductance measurements. Surface recombination velocity (SRV) values were extracted from the measurements to represent the net effect of interface defects, which includes defect density and capture cross section. The InGaAs/Al2O3 interface prepared by solvent cleaning consisted of interfacial native oxides while that etched in liquid phase HF consisted of submonolayer arsenic oxide. The two chemically contrasting interfaces, however, gave similar SRV values of 34.4±3.7 and 28.9±13.4 cm/s for native oxide and liquid phase HF prepared samples, respectively. This suggests that the presence or absence of oxides was not the only determining factor. Post Al2O3 deposition annealing in forming gas and NH3 ambient significantly improved the electrical quality for both surfaces, as shown by SRV values between 1 to 4 cm/s which is comparable to that of an ideal H-terminated Si surface. XPS analysis showed that the contribution from elemental As and Ga2O3 at the interface of both surfaces increased after annealing in forming gas and NH3, likely due to thermal or hydrogen-induced reaction between interfacial As oxide and Ga atoms in the substrate. There was no correlation between the atomic coverages of interfacial elemental As and oxides to the SRV values. High activity defects at III-V/Al2O3 interfaces are associated with interfacial dangling bonds which were passivated thermally and chemically by annealing in forming gas and NH3.
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Kananathan, Aravinthan, and Alexander Skogsberg. "Potential methods of recycling brass containing lead : Literature study of lead separation from brass scrap." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210041.

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HERNANDEZ, MIRANDA ASBEL DAVID. "Catalytic secondary methods for the removal of tar derived from biomass gasification: use of low-cost materials and study of the effect of sulfur species on the steam reforming activity of the catalysts." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1232875.

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Biomass gasification could potentially mitigate the actual dependency on fossil fuels. The practical application of this technology still faces many challenges to be considered a sustainable and profitable energy production source. One of the drawbacks of this technology is the production of undesirable by-products such as high molecular weight hydrocarbons collectively known as “tar” and sulfur compounds. These unwanted compounds must be removed before syngas end-use applications as they can foul pipes and reduced the performance of equipment downstream the gasifier as well as poison the catalyst used for upgrading the syngas. Catalytic steam reforming stands as an appealing tar removal technology in the small and medium sized gasification plants where heat management is crucial and recovery of the energy content within the tar compounds is desirable avoiding wastewater effluents and disposal of adsorbents. Nickel based catalysts have been the preferred choice in industrial applications for the reforming reactor. However, deactivation by carbon deposition is at present an unresolved problem which must be addressed before commercial application of biomass gasification technology. Moreover, the presence of sulfur compounds even at the low concentration found in most biomass feedstocks is deleterious for the steam reforming activity of the catalyst. This thesis comprises four experimental studies, each of them deal with a specific arguments of the hot gas cleanup technology of biomass syngas. The main focus was on the steam reforming activity of nickel-based catalyst and the effect of sulfur and the potassium-sulfur interactions on the steam reforming performance of the catalyst. The main contributions from these studies are; 1) the development of a less time and energy consuming synthesis procedure for the production of a mayenite-supported nickel catalyst using low-cost precursors. This new method involves the addition of the nickel precursor during the mayenite synthesis procedure. Compared to the “wet impregnation” technique the developed method showed slightly lower toluene steam reforming activity but greater stability, which was ascribed to a higher carbon deposition tolerance. 2) Better understanding on the sulfur poisoning of catalysts under steam reforming conditions at laboratory scale. The results evidenced that for a deeper knowledge of the sulfur poisoning, the calculation of the sulfur coverage should be more accurate and new methods for its measurement are required. 3) Comprehension of the mechanism of interaction between potassium and sulfur on a sulfur passivated commercial nickel catalyst under reforming conditions using real biomass syngas. The preferential adsorption site for sulfur and potassium was determined for the applied experimental conditions and catalyst and a mechanism involving the interaction of potassium with the sulfur chemisorbed on the active sites was proposed
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Iravani, Amir. "Adsorptive Removal of Refractory Sulphur and Nitrogen Compounds from Transportation Fuels." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6245.

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The reduction of sulphur in transportation fuel has gained significant importance as the regulatory agencies worldwide react to air quality concerns and the impact of sulphur oxides on the environment. The overall objective of this research was to identify, develop and characterize, based on underlying scientific principles, sorbents that are effective in removal of refractory sulphur compounds from fuel through the process of selective adsorption. It was determined that impregnation of powdered activated carbon with a transition metal (TM) significantly boosted the adsorption performance of the activated carbon. It is hypothesized that the impregnation resulted in the formation of new adsorptive sites that strongly interacted with the lone pairs of electrons on sulphur and nitrogen while having minor impact on the existing oxygen functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon. The percent loading of the TM was determined through wet adsorption study. The best performing sorbent was shown to have maximum adsorption capacities of approximately 1.77 and 0.76 mmol-S/g-sorbent for DBT and 4,6 DMDBT, respectively, with approximately 100% regenerability through solvent wash and thermal treatment. On average, the PTM impregnation showed approximately 137% increase in adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The sorbent also has good adsorption capacities for organo-nitrogen compounds (i.e., quinoline and carbazole) and a low selectivity towards aromatics, which is desired in adsorptive desulphurization. The surface morphology of the activated carbon, the oxygen functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon, as well as strong (chemisorption) interaction between the TM???s partly vacant and far reaching ???d??? orbital and lone pair electrons on sulphur and nitrogen are considered to be the main contributing factors to the observed enhancement. It was established in this study that the adsorption isotherms of the impregnated activated carbons best fit Sips isotherm equation, which is a combination of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. This finding fits well with our initial hypothesis regarding the introduction of new adsorptive sites as a result of TM impregnation and that the sites did not fit well with Langmuir???s monolayer and uniform adsorption mechanism. A kinetic study of the sulphur adsorption using a flow reactor showed a good fit with pseudo second order kinetic model, indicative of an adsorption that is highly dependent on the concentration of available sites on the surface of the sorbent. On average, as expected, the TM impregnated ACC exhibited a higher initial rate of adsorption. The adsorption onto TM sites tends to be more exothermic than adsorption (mainly physisorption) on activated carbon. Therefore, more thermodynamically favoured chemisorption is expected to occur more rapidly than physisorption. It was determined that on average, the initial adsorption rate does not change significantly with temperature while the sulphur adsorption capacity decreases with increase in temperature. It is postulated that the increase in temperature increases surface diffusivity but impedes diffusion flux. The impediment of the diffusion flux will result in reduction in adsorbed quantity. It was also shown that the intra-particle diffusion exists in the adsorption of DBT on TM impregnated activated carbon, however, it is not likely that the overall adsorption is controlled or noticeable impacted by it. As the temperature of the reactor increases the Weber-Morris intra-particle diffusion plot moves away from the origin, and thus intra-particle diffusion becomes less of a controlling mechanism. This further confirms the fact that the boundary layer (i.e., surface diffusion) and potentially adsorptive interactions at the surface are the dominating mechanisms in the sulphur adsorption onto TM impregnated activated carbon. It was determined that the distribution of TM species on the surface of the activated carbon is relatively inhomogeneous, with some areas showing well dispersed TM species while other areas showing large clusters. Different impregnation method that can improve dispersion on the surface may significantly enhance adsorption performance of the sorbent. Furthermore, in this study impregnation of activated carbon using several other transition metals were examined. It was determined that other less expensive transition metals can also improve the adsorption performance of the activated carbon. Further study on less expensive options for impregnating the activated carbon may be beneficial.
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Hong, Shun-Bin, and 洪順斌. "Removal of chromium (III) and dichromate by Mg-Al LDHs intercalated with organic compounds containing sulfur atom." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93049203358090225910.

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碩士
中原大學
環境工程學系
105
The objective of this study is to develop an adsorbent that can simultaneously adsorb dichromate and chromium ion. Various concentrations of organic compounds, such as ethyl xanthate, L-cysteine and dodecyl sulfate, containing sulfur atom were used to intercalate Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDHs) through a co-precipitation method. The produced adsorbents were used to adsorb dichromate and chromium ion under pH 4 and 5. The adsorbents were characterized by XPS, SEM, FTIR and XRD. The adsorption capacity of target contaminants was calculated by adsorption equilibrium and the possible adsorption mechanism was discussed. The results indicated the Mg-Al LDHs intercalated with ethyl xanthate, L-cysteine and dodecyl sulfate can effectively adsorb dichromate and chromium (III) ion. The adsorption mechanism for chromium ion was regarded as complexation reaction. Because carbonate was found in the interlayer, the adsorption mechanism for dichromate was assumed as anion exchange. The demonstrated the synthesized adsorbents can remove cationic and anionic heavy metal ions. The adsorbents produced by the modification are in addition to the poor adsorption effect obtained after the dodecyl sulfonate intercalation, and the other two anionic organisms can produce high adsorption capacity for the contaminants. For the heavy metal solution at two pH values, the LDHs intercalated by dodecyl sulfonate adsorbs cationic heavy metal contaminants at pH= 5, and the LDHs intercalated by ethyl xanthate removed cationic and anionic heavy metals at pH4 and pH5. The LDHs intercalated by L-cysteine can generate a better effect for the cationic and anionic heavy metal ions at pH5. The overall efficiency of the adsorbent is decrease as the following order: ethyl xanthate-LDHs> cysteine-LDHs> dodecylsulfonate-LDHs.
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Books on the topic "Removal of Sulfer compound"

1

Klubek, B. Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal (bacterial degradation of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds). S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Sheryl, Watkins, ed. Controlling volatile organic compound emissions from industrial wastewater. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1990.

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Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (U.S.), ed. Volatile organic compound removal from air streams by membranes separation: Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation, 1994.

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Switzenbaum, Michael S. Defining biosolids stability: A basis for public and regulatory acceptance ; project 94-REM-1. Alexandria, VA: Water Environment Research Foundation, 1997.

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Salveson, Andrew. Trace Organic Compound Indicator Removal During Conventional Wastewater Treatment: Werf Report U1R08. IWA Publishing, 2013.

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Barth, Winfried. Pulp Production by Acetosolv Process. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.415.

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Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth and a fascinating compound for a vast variety of applications. It is mostly received from wood, thus it is a renewable resource and a CO2 storing material. One of the most important cellulose products are pulp and paper. The major goal of this work was to obtain a material with a high amount of cellulose through a pulping process of wood. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the wood bers and to remove a component of wood, which is called lignin (deligni cation). The conventional way to delignify wood is the Kraft process that causes serval problems like contamination of lignin with sulfur and the emission of toxic volatile sulfur compounds. Hence, there are alternative processes without sulfur, such as the Acetosolv process. It uses simple chemicals like acetic acid and is easy to handle. After cutting a spruce tree (Picea abies L. Karst.), debarking and chipping, the wood chips were cooked in the laboratory. The research included the chemical analysis of the obtained pulp and the manufacturing and testing of paper sheets. The yield of pulp ranged widely due to the di erent parameters of the cooking. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy were used to observe the decrease of aromatic substances (lignin) and the acetylation of the pulp. With the means of Design of Experiments and statistical analysis the most important factors were identi ed and a mathematical regression model was calculated. The manufactured paper sheets showed good mechanical properties and high transparency. Finally, the Acetosolv process could be considered as a contribution to the upcoming bio-based economy because, in addition to the cellulose bers, the industry would be capable of adding value utilization of the separated lignin. It could be one step to a more sustainable paper and pulp production.
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Stefanoff, James G. Prediction of volatile organic compound fate during remediation of contaminated groundwater utilizing the powdered activated carbon treatment process. 1990.

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Defining biosolids stability: A basis for public and regulatory acceptance. Alexandria, Va: Water Environment Research Foundation, 1997.

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Federation, Water Environment, and Michael S. Switzenbaum. Defining Biosolids Stability: A Basis for Public and Regulatory Acceptance. Water Environment Federation, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Removal of Sulfer compound"

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Jin, Wanqin. "Sulfur Odorous Compounds Removal by Pervaporation." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1852–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1320.

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Jin, Wanqin. "Sulfur Odorous Compounds Removal by Pervaporation." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1320-1.

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Janssen, Albert, Pim L. F. van den Bosch, Robert C. van Leerdam, and Marco de Graaff. "Bioprocesses for the Removal of Volatile Sulfur Compounds from Gas Streams." In Air Pollution Prevention and Control, 247–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118523360.ch11.

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Nigiz, Filiz Ugur, and Nilufer Durmaz Hilmioglu. "Clean Technology for Volatile Organic Compound Removal from Wastewater." In Causes, Impacts and Solutions to Global Warming, 709–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7588-0_37.

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Hemashenpagam, N., and S. Selvajeyanthi. "Removal of Phenolic Compound from Wastewater Using Microbial Fuel Cells." In Microbial Fuel Cells for Environmental Remediation, 279–97. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2681-5_14.

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Sharma, Virender K., Jiaqian Jiang, and Hyunook Kim. "Ferrate(VI): Novel Compound for Removal of Natural Organic Matter in Water." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 911–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_166.

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Bedi, Umang, and Sanchita Chauhan. "One-Dimensional Model for Removal of Volatile Organic Compound Propane in a Catalytic Monolith." In Modeling, Simulation and Optimization, 557–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9829-6_44.

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Ambika, Selvaraj, and M. Nambi Indumathi. "Series Removal of Heavy Metal and Aromatic Compound from Contaminated Groundwater Using Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI)." In Water Science and Technology Library, 415–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74494-0_31.

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Al-Hammadi, Saddam A. "Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Adsorptive Desulfurization." In Nanocomposites for the Desulfurization of Fuels, 25–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2146-5.ch002.

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Desulfurization (removal of S compounds) of fuels is an important research topic in recent years. Several techniques have been reported to remove the sulfur-containing compounds in fuels. One of these techniques is adsorptive desulfurization (removal based on chemisorption and physisorption), which has received much attention because of low energy consumption and facile operation condition. This chapter discusses the methods employed under this technique and the types of nanocomposites and hybrid materials (adsorbents) that have been investigated as potential adsorbents. The strategies to enhance sulfur adsorption capacity and main challenges will be discussed.
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Al-Hammadi, Saddam A. "Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Adsorptive Desulfurization." In Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 1629–58. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch068.

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Desulfurization (removal of S compounds) of fuels is an important research topic in recent years. Several techniques have been reported to remove the sulfur-containing compounds in fuels. One of these techniques is adsorptive desulfurization (removal based on chemisorption and physisorption), which has received much attention because of low energy consumption and facile operation condition. This chapter discusses the methods employed under this technique and the types of nanocomposites and hybrid materials (adsorbents) that have been investigated as potential adsorbents. The strategies to enhance sulfur adsorption capacity and main challenges will be discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Removal of Sulfer compound"

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Crawshaw, Michael, William Brundick, Michael Juncker, Kristina Barbuto, Alyn Jenkins, and Sooi Kim Lim. "A Hybrid H2S Removal Solution. Using Liquid vs. Fixed Bed H2S Scavengers in Harmony." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213604-ms.

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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is an organic compound created naturally during the decaying process. In crude oil and natural gas H2S is generated when Sulfur is removed from petroleum products. This phenomenon occurs at various stages during exploration, production and refining. In addition to the naturally occurring H2S, sulfate reducing bacteria or SRB produce Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) souring the reservoir production. SRB’s are living organisms that require a specific set of circumstances to grow; they need organic carbon, a sulfur source, water and the correct temperature to produce H2S. Some facilities may not have a desulfurization plan especially when the reservoir was initially identified as a ‘sweet well’. In this case desulfurization treatment was not considered in their operations and maintenance strategies. However, over recent years the enquiries for desulfurization on brown field operations have increased indicating that ‘sweet wells’ may or have turned sour, possibly due to introduction of SRB from the surface via water injection.
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Kim, Jong-Nam, Chang Hyun Ko, Sang Sup Han, Hee Tae Beum, Jihye Park, and Sam Mok Lim. "Removal of Sulfur-Oxidated Compounds in Oxidative Desulfurization Process." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_500.

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Daly, Joseph M., and Mohammad Farooque. "Effective Sulfur Control for Fuel Cells: FCE Experience." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33192.

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Most of the fuel cell systems are designed to operate on commonly available gaseous hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas, propane and anaerobic digester gas. These fuels contain a myriad of sulfur compounds, some present as contaminants from the source and others added as odorant for notification of a gas leak. Sulfur is a known poison for the fuel cell anodes and reforming catalysts. Therefore, the sulfur compounds present in the fuel are required to be removed prior to entering the fuel cell system. FuelCell Energy has developed an ambient-temperature sulfur removal system with high sulfur capacity for fuel cell applications. The attractive features of the design are simplicity, small size, and long life resulting in a low-cost and compact sulfur control solution. The system has been proven on natural gas, liquefied natural gas, propane and ADG. The FCE system performance with different types of fuels (NG, LNG, and propane) will be discussed in this paper.
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Kobotaeva, N. S., and T. S. Skorokhodova. "Removal of sulfur-containing compounds from diesel fraction and fuel oil." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS. MATERIALS WITH MULTILEVEL HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY”. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085148.

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Ekoue-Kovi, Kekeli, Sankaran Murugesan, Onome Ugono, Sai Pinappu, and Jerry Weers. "Novel Environmentally Responsible Solvents for Sulfur Removal in Oil and Gas Applications." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213824-ms.

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Abstract The removal of unreactive or non-acidic sulfur species to meet fuel specifications remains a challenge in the oil and gas industry. This is especially the case with the recent introduction of IMO 2020 restrictions in the use of marine fuels to those that have sulfur contents from 3.5% down to 0.5%. This has led refiners to seek alternative sulfur removal technologies that can be used in addition to the conventional desulfurization process. Formulations of cyclic organic carbonates (COCs) were developed in combinations with environmentally friendly lactones and glycol ethers and are shown to facilitate the removal of unreactive organosulfur compounds such as thiophenes, disulfides and mercaptans. This study utilizes different sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams consisting of crude oil, heavy hydrocarbon (fuel oil), lighter hydrocarbon, naphtha from various refineries and field operations. Model hydrocarbon blends were prepared by dosing with different sulfur compounds and analyzed for sulfur removal efficiency using COC formulations. The use of sulfur containing heavy hydrocarbons from the field were also assessed to demonstrated that the sulfur removal was applicable to a wide range of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, a process for the recovery and reuse of solvent was developed to extend the lifetime of the solvent and reduce the cost of operations. The regenerated solvent shows extended efficiency and the process for its regeneration, recycle and reuse offers many advantages. The newly developed solvent formulation showed enhanced performance over caustic or other specialty chemistries by 30-100% depending on the nature of the sulfur species.
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Kobotaeva, N. S., and T. S. Skorokhodova. "Removal of sulfur compounds from diesel fuel using metal-containing ionic liquids." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5132031.

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Lee, Heung N., Sang-Hoon Kang, Hong Joo Ahn, Wook Hyun Sohn, and Kwang Yong Jee. "Determination of 35S in Radioisotope Wastes by a Wet Oxidation." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7291.

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The oxidation studies of a sulfur to a sulfate ion by various oxyhalide oxidants in organic (thiourea, methionine) and inorganic (sulfate, thiophosphate) compounds were carried out in an acidic solution. The optimized result of the oxidation reaction was obtained when a bromate compound (BrO3−) as an oxidant and a 3 M HNO3 solvent. The chemical yield for the oxidation of the organic and inorganic sulfur compounds to a sulfate ion was monitored as 80% for thiophosphate, 87% for methionine, and 100% for thiourea and sulfate within 5% RSD. The oxidation of thiourea required at least 1.6 equivalents of the bromate in an acidic solution. In the case of the oxidation of methionine and thiophosphate, the oxidation yield was above 80% if the bromate was used at 20 times that of the substrates. The chemical yield in the paper sample (WypAll) exceeded 100% because of its background sulfur contents (910 ppm). The sulfate ion was quantitatively measured by using GPC and/or LSC counting of 35S followed by precipitates of BaSO4. The interfering nuclides (14C, 32P) were removed in an acidic condition. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 35S was found to be 0.1 Bq/g.
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Goenawan, Isna Y., Linjie (Robin) Hu, and Shazam Williams. "Exhaust Conditioning Technology to Prevent Sulfur Poisoning on Methane Oxidation Catalyst." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1118.

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In some regions of the world, emissions of total organic carbon (TOC), including methane and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), from the tail pipe of natural gas or biogas fuelled combustion equipments are strictly regulated (e.g. 150 mg/Nm3 of exhaust gas in Italy). Post combustor has been widely chosen in response to the TOC emission targets. TOC typically consists of >90% methane — a strong greenhouse gas and the most challenging compound to remove due to its highly stable form. Thus, more gas is being consumed to burn the TOC present in the exhaust, resulting in higher operating (or power production) costs. A passive catalytic approach is an alternative to post combustor. Palladium based oxidation catalyst is known to actively remove TOC, providing no sulfur compounds present. Sulfur poisons and deactivates the catalyst in a short time. This paper presents a concept to extend the life of the oxidation catalyst by using an exhaust post conditioning system. The system is designed to eliminate and withstand contaminants, yielding a protection to the catalyst. Consequently, the catalyst life is prolonged by about 50 times.
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Andrienko, Oleg, Natalia Kobotaeva, Tatyana Skorokhodova, Elena Marakina, and Victor Sachkov. "A removal of sulfur-containing compounds from fuel oils using a naturally occurring iron oxyhydroxide." In V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS, POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS AND STUDENTS “Isotopes: Technologies, Materials and Application” (ITMA-2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5099601.

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Liang, Wang, and Li Chunhu. "A Novel Oxidative Desulfurization Process to Remove Sulfur Compounds from Diesel Fuel." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.19.

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Reports on the topic "Removal of Sulfer compound"

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Baldwin, Richard. PR-015-084508-R01 Contaminants in Sales Gas Pipelines Sources Removal and Treatment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010029.

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The objective of this project is to provide information about a problem material found in gas pipelines called "black powder". It is a mixture or a chemical compound of iron sulfides, iron oxides, dirt, sand, salts, chlorides, water, glycols, hydrocarbons and compressor oils, mill scale, or other materials. The most common constituents, iron compounds of sulfur or oxygen, are corrosion products. In addition to chemical formation, black powder can be formed by microbes normally found in gas pipelines. This material causes machinery, measurement, and pipeline maintenance problems. This research investigates the forms of iron sulfides, their characteristics, and methods of formation and whether the molecular form can be an indicator of the source of the material. A sampling protocol was developed for proper collection of materials for analysis. Seventeen corrosion samples were collected and analyzed for material constituents and microbial content. The results of this testing were anonymously tabulated in a database. Other tasks in this project include guidelines for removal, handling, and disposal of the material. It discusses symptomatic versus root cause treatments for the prevention and control of black powder, and the corporate culture necessary to manage the problem. It presents recently developed technologies for cleaning or treating a pipeline containing black powder, such as cleaning and anti-microbial agents containing THPS which dissolve iron sulfides, and the use of magnetic filtration. The final task describes concepts for identifying the location of black powder in an operating pipeline and places to look and methods to use to best determine the distribution of the material.
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Klubek, B. Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal (bacterial degradation of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7019091.

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John Deldebbio, T. L. Watson, and J. B. Heintzelman. Long-Term Performance of Sulfer-Impregnated Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) for Mercury Removal from NWCF Off-Gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911828.

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Koziel, Jacek, Yael Laor, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Robert Armon, Steven Hoff, and Uzi Ravid. Simultaneous Treatment of Odorants and Pathogens Emitted from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) by Advanced Oxidation Technologies. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592646.bard.

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A feasibility study was conducted, aiming to explore the potential effectiveness of UV/TiO2/O3 photooxidation technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations. Several key parameters were tested in laboratory (US) and semi-pilot (Israel) scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases (sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds S-VOCs, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), phenolics, and ammonia), and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig. This figure represents significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing.
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Klubek, B., and D. Clark. Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal (bacterial degradation of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds): Final report, March 1--December 31, 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6462019.

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Klubek, Brian. Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal (bacterial degradation of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds): Final report, January 1--December 31, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6177644.

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Steele, W. V., D. G. Archer, R. D. Chirico, and M. M. Strube. Comparison of thermodynamics of nitrogen and sulfur removal in heavy oil upgrading: Part 1, Acyclic and monocyclic compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6020826.

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Cundiff, Charles H., Robert M. Leverette, and Jason R. Varner. Low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) Removal and Disposal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388926.

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None, None. Removal Action Work Plan for the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant East End Volatile Organic Compound Plume, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827078.

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Yung, P. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASBESTOS NEGATIVE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT Class III Wallboard penetration and removal up to 10 square feet of wallboard with asbestos containing joint compound. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1598112.

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