Journal articles on the topic 'Removable packing'
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Han, Xin, Kazuo Iwama, and Guochuan Zhang. "Online Removable Square Packing." Theory of Computing Systems 43, no. 1 (September 11, 2007): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00224-007-9039-0.
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Palmer, Bob L., and Kyle W. Coffey. "Investing and packing removable partial denture bases to minimize vertical processing error." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90295-7.
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Babich, Vasilii V., and Julia A. Bistrova. "Clinical features of prosthetic treatment in edentuluos patients." Russian Journal of Dentistry 25, no. 3 (April 19, 2022): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2021-25-3-247-252.
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BACKGROUND: Social adaptation of patients with complete absence of teeth is associated with fixation and stabilization of prostheses during chewing and speech. It is necessary to take into account the somatic status of the patient, the causes of tooth loss, pay attention to the clinical stages of orthopedic treatment.
AIM: Of the study is to increase the efficiency of the orthopedic dentist with full removable prosthetics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The conditions for obtaining a compression impression are a rigid spoon, silicone impression material of medium viscosity, constant pressure at the time of impression removal. The indication for removing the compression impression is the mucous membrane of the 1st type according to the Supple. The conditions for removing decompression impressions are a perforated individual spoon, liquid-flowing impression material, no pressure on the oral mucosa. The indication for the use of decompression impressions is a thin, atrophied mucous membrane of the oral cavity of the 2nd type according to Supple. It is necessary to use functional impressions combined according to the degree of pressure on the oral mucosa. This implies the peculiarities of manufacturing a rigid base with wax rollers. After determining the central ratio of the jaws and packing the template basis with bite rollers, the doctor applies the impression material differentially to its inner surface. Both templates with bite rollers are inserted into the oral cavity, the doctor controls the central position of the lower jaw, while functional impressions are taken from the upper and lower jaws, taking into account the functional pressure of the patients chewing muscles. This will allow you to evenly distribute the chewing pressure on the oral mucosa. The value of functional rest is determined by measuring two marked points at the base of the nose and on the chin and always exceeds the amount of separation in the state of the central ratio of the jaws by the amount of the interclusal space. Having determined the amount of functional rest, they begin to design the maxillary occlusion pattern, then note the anatomical landmarks. Often, the removal of impressions with a corrective silicone mass is performed in the position of the central ratio.
The value of functional rest is determined by a set of anatomical landmarks in a state of maximum possible muscle relaxation in combination with phonetic tests when closing the lips without tension.
RESULTS: The determination of the central ratio on rigid bases makes it possible to accurately fix the interalveolar distance. Patients adapt to prosthetic structures faster.
The use of a facial arch with an articulator significantly improves the quality of the prosthetic structure, allows you to individualize the anatomical parameters of the patient.
When determining the central ratio of the jaws, checking the design of the future prosthesis, cone-beam computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint was used to control the position of the heads of the lower jaw, confirming the correctness of the actions. At the stage of checking the design of the removable prosthesis, phonetic tests were used.
CONCLUSION: The use of combined impressions with simultaneous determination of the central ratio of the jaws and control of the position of the heads of the lower jaw can accelerate the process of orthopedic treatment (combining two stages) and adaptation to removable prostheses. To improve speech during treatment, it is necessary to use special phonetic tests that allow you to restore the correct ratio between the jaws, find the optimal position of artificial teeth, determine the boundaries and shape of the basis of the prosthesis and design the optimal prosthesis for each patient.
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Zhilin, S. G., N. A. Bogdanova, and O. N. Komarov. "Experimental simulation of volumetric compacts formation from spherical waxy elements." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 11 (November 22, 2022): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-11-758-768.
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The growth in metal intensity of industrial production and the volume of consumption of finished metal products determine the relevance of development and research of energy efficient technological processes aimed at reducing costs by reducing the number of operations while maintaining product performance. In mechanical engineering, the problem of obtaining blanks with increased dimensional and geometric accuracy and complex configuration is solved by using a common method of investment casting. Expansion of the use of such technological approach to produce blanks in mechanical engineering is hindered by a number of physical phenomena associated with the thermal expansion of investment and ceramic materials, which leads to an increase in the product final cost. A significant number of defect-forming factors can be eliminated by applying an innovative solution consisting in the formation of porous removable models by compacting mixtures based on waxy materials. This solves the problem of material shrinkage and increases the crack resistance of ceramic molds, which significantly reduces the share of machining in the overall volume of technological operations. Technical tests of the new method have revealed the reason why the machining of castings cannot be completely eliminated at present. The problem mainly lies in elastic response of compacted material of the model mixture, which, in some cases, affects the increase in the compacts size. This paper considers the effect of initial packing of spherical-shaped elements simulating one- and two-component model mixtures on the stress-strain state of a powder body subjected to unilateral compaction in a rigid cylindrical matrix to technologically justified density values. The results of the experiment are presented in the form of stress-strain relations. Preferable conditions of compact formation with minimal values of elastic response of the compacted material are considered.
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Laptev, A. G., T. M. Farakhov, and M. M. Basharov. "Determining efficiency of removal of dispersed phase from gases and modernization of scrubbers using high-performance packings." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2019-12-1-50-55.
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A solution to the problem of modeling the removal of a finely dispersed phase from stack gases and process gases at power engineering and petrochemical enterprises using a column apparatus filled with new highly efficient random and structured packings is considered.The use of diffusion and cell models of the flow structure for calculating a concentration profile of particles settling on a liquid fi lm in apparatuses filled with various packings is shown. Accounting for the deposition of finely dispersed particles from gases on the interfacial surface of the liquid fi lm flowing down along the packing is carried out using a bulk source of mass. The model of turbulent-inertial sedimentation of particles is adopted. The main parameters of the model are the coefficient of turbulent migration of particles to the fi lm surface on contact devices, a modified Peclet number with a backmixing coefficient, and the number of complete mixing cells. This approach can be generalized to a wide class of fi lm-type apparatuses for wet gas cleaning with the aim of designing them or choosing modernization options. Expressions are obtained for calculating the efficiency of aerosol separation on packings as well as the required depth of the packed bed for a given efficiency.Results of calculating the efficiency of gas purification from aerosols with the use of various types of packings in scrubbers as well as the required depth of the packed bed for a given efficiency are presented. A graphical dependence of the power spent on gas cleaning in apparatuses with different packings is given. Results of solving the production problem of cleaning pyrogas from coke and tar by circulating water in a modernized scrubber with new highperformance packings are shown.Expressions for calculating the rate of turbulent particle migration for random and structured packings as well as modified Peclet numbers are presented. A distinctive feature of these expressions is the calculation based on the known hydraulic resistance of contact devices.
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Almeida, P. G. S., A. K. Marcus, B. E. Rittmann, and C. A. L. Chernicharo. "Performance of plastic- and sponge-based trickling filters treating effluents from an UASB reactor." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 1034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.658.
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The paper compares the performance of two trickling filters (TFs) filled with plastic- or sponge-based packing media treating the effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The UASB reactor was operated with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.2 kgCOD m−3 d−1, and the OLR applied to the TFs was 0.30–0.65 kgCOD m−3 d−1 (COD: chemical oxygen demand). The sponge-based packing medium (Rotosponge) gave substantially better performance for ammonia, total-N, and organic matter removal. The superior TF-Rotosponge performance for NH4+-N removal (80–95%) can be attributed to its longer biomass and hydraulic retention times (SRT and HRT), as well as enhancements in oxygen mass transfer by dispersion and advection inside the sponges. Nitrogen removals were significant (15 mgN L−1) in TF-Rotosponge when the OLRs were close to 0.75 kgCOD m−3 d−1, due to denitrification that was related to solids hydrolysis in the sponge interstices. For biochemical oxygen demand removal, higher HRT and SRT were especially important because the UASB removed most of the readily biodegradable organic matter. The new configuration of the sponge-based packing medium called Rotosponge can enhance the feasibility of scaling-up the UASB/TF treatment, including when retrofitting is necessary.
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Mustafa, Nur Farhana Ajua, Azmi Mohd Shariff, WeeHorng Tay, and Siti Munirah Mhd Yusof. "Effect of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) concentration in the gas feed on Carbon Dioxide Absorption Performance using Aqueous Potassium Carbonate promoted with Glycine." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128702007.
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This paper presented the effect of CO2 concentration in the gas feed to the CO2 absorption performance using a green solvent, potassium carbonate promoted with glycine (PCGLY). Recently, the performance of this solvent (with precipitates) was hindered by its poor mass transfer performance due to the blockage in packings and piping. Therefore, this study focused to study the CO2 absorption performance of non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. This green solvent contains aqueous blend of 15wt% potassium carbonate and 3 wt% glycine. The absorption performance of the solvent was obtained by demonstrated a few experimental works using a bench scale packed absorption column. The packing type was Sulzer metal gauze and the column consisted of six sampling point which located equidistance along the packing.The effect of CO2 concentration at the gas feed was assessed in term of its CO2 removal efficiency and concentration profile along the packing. The study shows the decreasing trend of CO2 removal as CO2 inlet concentration in the gas feed increases. The reason of this behavior is due to the limited reactant of liquid phase to absorb high CO2 concentration in gas phase. The main outcome of this study demonstrated the efficient absorption which can absorb up to 79.24 % of CO2 from natural gas using non-precipitated PCGLY.
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Peng, Yunling, Karunia Adhiputra, Anneline Padayachee, Heather Channon, Minh Ha, and Robyn Dorothy Warner. "High Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Packaging Negatively Influences Consumer Acceptability Traits of Pork." Foods 8, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8110567.
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Current trends in meat packaging have seen a shift from conventional overwrap to vacuum packing (VAC) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of high oxygen MAP (HiOxMAP) of pork loins compared with vacuum packed (VAC) on eating quality and colour, after storage in simulated illuminated retail display conditions. Pork loins (n = 40) were cut and stored under two packaging methods (HiOxMAP, 80% O2, 20% CO2; VAC) for up to 14 days, with samples taken at various times for measurements. After 7 days of storage, HiOxMAP samples exhibited inferior consumer acceptability for tenderness, flavor, overall liking, quality and re-purchase intention as well as higher shear force and hardness, relative to VAC samples (p < 0.05 for all). Loins stored in HiOxMAP had higher lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values at 3 and 7 days, but lower ratio of oxymoglobin to metmyoglobin (oxy/met) values in the meat surface at 14 days of display, relative to VAC samples (p < 0.05 for all). The oxy/met ratio declined from 2.3 to 1.7 between days 3 and 14 of display in HiOxMAP samples (p < 0.05), whereas the ratio was similar and stayed relatively high for VAC samples. VAC samples produced consistently higher colour values (a*, b*, oxy/met) when left to bloom 30 min after removal from packaging (p < 0.05). Lipid oxidation values, measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, in HiOxMAP pork loins, were higher at all time points compared to VAC during the 14 day storage period (p < 0.05). The use of vacuum packing for retail shelves, should be considered as the preferred option, over HiOxMAP.
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Dong, Gui Xia, Qiu Xiang Liu, Li Dong, Shang Jie Li, and Hui Chen. "Relationship between Diamond Particle Size and Thermal Conductivity of Cu-Diamond Composites." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.415.
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Diamond-copper composites were fabricated by ultrahigh pressure sintering (UHPS) technology. The influence of diamond particle size on the microstructure,relative density and thermal conductivity of composites were investigated. The results indicated that the high relative density of more than 99% diamond-copper composite can be prepared by UHPS method. The composite thermal conductivity dramatically increased with increasing diamond particle size and the highest value of 675W/(m·K) were obtained when using 200μm diamond,which is much higher than those of traditional electronic packing materials. The Cu-diamond composite could fulfill the requirement of heat removal of the high-power electronic packaging devices.
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Fang, H. H. P., C. L. Y. Yeong, K. M. Book, and C. M. Chiu. "Removal of COD and Nitrogen in Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactor with Fibrous Packing." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (October 1, 1993): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0152.
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An 11-litre sequencing batch reactor (SBR) filled with fibrous packing was found to be very effective for the removal of not only Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), but also nitrogen from synthetic wastewaters with 250-1034 mg/l of COD and 22-114 mg/l of nitrogen. As compared to the conventional SBR, mis system had a shorter cycle time by skipping the settling step. In addition, denitrification was efficiently conducted in the interior of the ‘bio-pompons', which were formed by the attached growth of biomass on the fibrous packings, even though the bulk of the reactor was under constant aeration. The system was tested at 12 loading conditions, ranging from 0.56 to 4.51 kg-COD/m3-day and from 0.04 to 0.49 kg-NH3−N/m3-day. On average, 95% of COD was removed within 2 h of aeration, while 57% of total nitrogen was removed after a retention time of 4-8 h.
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Hamid, I. Sahul, and S. Saravanakumar. "Changing and unchanging Open Packing: Edge removal." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 08, no. 01 (February 26, 2016): 1650016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830916500166.
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In a graph [Formula: see text], a nonempty set [Formula: see text] is said to be an open packing set if no two vertices of [Formula: see text] have a common neighbor in [Formula: see text] The maximum cardinality of an open packing set is called the open packing number and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we examine the effect of [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is modified by deleting an edge.
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Klapková, Eva, Martin Halecký, Mark Fitch, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, and Jan Paca. "Impact of biocatalyst and moisture content on toluene/xylene mixture biofiltration." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 2 (March 2006): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000300020.
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The objective of this work was to determine the influence of microbial inoculation on degradation efficiency. Three biofilters were used for the treatment of waste gas. A mixture of compost and perlite (8:2) served as the packing material. One biofilter was inoculated with a constructed microbial population. The second remained uninoculated, having the natural population present in the compost. The third biofilter was uninoculated and the packing material was sterilized. The degradation ability of the uninoculated biofilter started to drop after 18 days, while the removal efficiency of inoculated biofilter was stable. The sterile biofilter proved to have no removal efficiency. Moisture content of the packing and ability of the packing to keep moisture was tested. The results showed a significant dependence of the degradation efficiency on the packing moisture content, with highest removal efficiency observed at 70 % moisture content.
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LAING, M. R., and L. J. CLARK. "Analgesia and removal of nasal packing." Clinical Otolaryngology 15, no. 4 (August 1990): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1990.tb00479.x.
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Pandit, Jayeeta, Vignesh Kumar, Amlanjyoti Nath, and Abhinandan Bhattacharjee. "Comparative study on the effect of various anterior nasal packing on ear compliance and ear canal volume." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200635.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Anterior nasal packing (ANP) is a commonly used procedure by otorhinolaryngologist for the control of post-operative bleeding post septoplasty and nasal surgery. However there remains an ambiguity regarding the effect of various nasal packings on the Eustachian tube dysfunctions. The present study intends to compare and evaluate the effects of ribbon gauge nasal packing (RNP), merocel nasal packing (MNP) and merocel with airway packing (MAP) on the eustachian dysfunction such as changes in the compliance and ear canal volume.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Ninety patients were selected for the study, and randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 patients each where the patients were treated with RNP, MNP and MAP. The pack was kept insitu for 48 hrs and the compliance and ear canal volume was measured at before pack is applied (pre pack), with ANP insitu at 48 hrs (with pack), and after removal of the nasal pack at 5th day (post pack). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The percentage of patients with abnormal compliance level as well as ear canal volume was found to be the highest among the patients in RNP group followed by patients from the MNP group. The least number of patients with abnormal compliance and ear canal volume was observed among the patients in the MAP groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> MAPs are better than ribbon gauge and MNPs in terms of maintaining the compliance level and ear canal volume.</p><p align="center"> </p>
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Li, Tong, Tingting Li, Houfeng Xiong, and Donglei Zou. "Factors influencing hydroquinone degradation in aqueous solution using a modified microelectrolysis method." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 3 (December 29, 2014): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.534.
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The discharge of hydroquinone (HQ), an important chemical raw material, to natural waters poses different ecological threats to aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the removal performance of traditional and modified microelectrolysis methods in aqueous solutions. The traditional microelectrolysis packing was modified by adding manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) powder as additives. The factors affecting the removal performance of HQ, such as catalytic metal type, mass fraction of additive, reaction time, and initial pH, were examined. The results showed that the Mn modified packing exhibited the best performance compared to Zn and Cu powder. The removal rate of HQ using Mn modified packing can reach 94% after 4 h. In addition, 9% of Mn packing has a higher removal rate than other mass fractions. The acidic solution pH shows a more favorable degradation than a neutral and alkaline solution. The intermediates of HQ degradation by modified microelectrolysis were identified and then the pathway of HQ degradation was proposed. Our result indicates that Mn as catalytic metal holds promising potential to enhance HQ removal in water using the microelectrolysis method.
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Pan, L. T., and Y. Han. "A novel anoxic–aerobic biofilter process using new composite packing material for the treatment of rural domestic wastewater." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 10 (February 25, 2016): 2486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.099.
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A pilot scale experiment was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of contaminants removal in a continuously two-stage biological process composed of an anoxic biofilter (AF) and an biological aerated filter (BAF). This novel process was developed by introducing new composite packing material (MZF) into bioreactors to treat rural domestic wastewater. A comparative study conducted by the same process with ceramsite as packing material under the same conditions showed that a MZF system with a Fe proportion in the packing material performed better in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (average 91.5%), ammonia (NH4+-N) removal (average 98.3%), total nitrogen (TN) removal (average 64.8%) and total phosphorus (TP) removal (average 90%). After treatment of the MZF system, the concentrations of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP in effluent were 20.3 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 11.5 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L, respectively. The simultaneously high efficiencies of nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal were achieved by the coupling effects of biological and chemical processes in the MZF system. The results of this study showed that the application of MZF might be a favorable choice as packing material in biofilters for treatment of rural domestic wastewater.
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Hodges, D. Mark, Charles F. Forney, and Wendy Wismer. "Processing Line Effects on Storage Attributes of Fresh-cut Spinach Leaves." HortScience 35, no. 7 (December 2000): 1308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1308.
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The degree of damage that may occur through harvesting and packing represents one of the major factors that can affect quality of fresh-cut produce. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different steps in a representative fresh-cut processing line on storage quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). To this end, spinach leaves were removed at successive points on the line: 1) before entry into the line (control); 2) after a shaking procedure but before initial rinsing with 10 °C water + 5 mg·L-1 chlorine dioxide; 3) after centrifugal drying; and 4) after commercial packaging. After removal from the different points in the line, the spinach samples were stored at 10 °C for 16 days, during which time malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (lipid peroxidation assay), electrolyte leakage (membrane leakiness), chlorophyll content (a, b, and total), and color attributes (L, saturation, hue angle) were measured. Both lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage increased with time of storage and with stage of procesing. Electrolyte leakage increased most in material removed after the shaking procedure, but prior to hydrocooling. Overall total chlorophyll loss during storage did not change with time of removal from the processing line, although overall chlorophyll b content decreased in stored material 8 days following centrifugal drying and packaging. A more rapid loss in chlorophyll a relative to chlorophyll b over the first 8 days of storage was reflected in hue angle measurements regardless of the point of removal. The processing line under study, thus had both beneficial and detrimental effects on storage quality of spinach. Detrimental effects associated with centrifugal drying and packaging procedures could be modified to improve quality.
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Marenco, Javier. "Facet-inducing inequalities with acyclic supports for the caterpillar-packing polytope." RAIRO - Operations Research 53, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 1267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018085.
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A caterpillar is a connected graph such that the removal of all its vertices with degree 1 results in a path. Given a graph G, a caterpillar-packing of G is a set of vertex-disjoint (not necessarily induced) subgraphs of G such that each subgraph is a caterpillar. In this work we consider the set of caterpillar-packings of a graph, which corresponds to feasible solutions of the 2-schemes strip cutting problem with a sequencing constraint (2-SSCPsc) presented by Rinaldi and Franz (Eur. J. Oper. Res. 183 (2007) 1371–1384). Facet-preserving procedures have been shown to be quite effective at explaining the facet-inducing inequalities of the associated polytope, so in this work we continue this issue by exploring such procedures for valid inequalities with acyclic supports. In particular, the obtained results are applicable when the underlying graph is a tree.
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Sainulabid, A., Gul Motwani, Rohit Bhardwaj, Mohammed Shareef P.K, Aakriti Chandra, and Nihar Topno. "Effect on patient anxiety of lidocaine infiltration into nasal packing after septoplasty: a prospective, case-control study." Journal of Medical Research 5, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2019.5104.
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Objective: The effect on patient anxiety of lidocaine infiltration into nasal packing following septoplasty was investigated by this prospective, case- control study. Methods: 60 patients, who underwent septoplasty operation with bilateral merocele nasal packing were included in this study. Nasal packs were infiltrated with 0.9% saline (5 mL in each nostril) for 30 patients and remaining 30 were infiltrated with 2% xylocaine (5 mL in each nostril), 15 minutes before nasal pack removal. Patient anxiety levels were measured at various time points i.e. 24 hours pre-operatively, 48 hours post operatively, 30 minutes after pack removal. Patients marked their level of pain on a visual analogue scale during pack removal. Results: Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores for saline infiltration patients were found to be (Mean ± SD) 12.3 ± 5.35, 16.23 ± 5.12 and 14.23 ± 4.55 for 24 hours pre-operatively, 48 hours post operatively, 30 minutes after pack removal respectively. The respective scores for lidocaine infiltration patients were: 13.83 ± 4.46, 17.07 ± 3.98 and 11.7 ± 3.52. at 24 hours before surgery, 48 hours after surgery and 30 minutes after pack removal. The visual analogue scale pain score was 5.6 ± 0.89 for Saline study group and 7.13 ± 0.73 in the lidocaine study group. Conclusion: Patient pain was significantly reduced following infiltration of lidocaine into nasal packing. Patients developed mild to moderate anxiety before nasal packing removal. Use of techniques without nasal packing like soluble packs or quilting methods after septoplasty for patient comfort can be recommended after septoplasty to ease patient post-operative discomfort.
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Hamid, Ismail Sahul, and Soundararajan Saravanakumar. "Effect of Open Packing upon Vertex Removal." Kyungpook mathematical journal 56, no. 3 (September 23, 2016): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5666/kmj.2016.56.3.745.
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Silva, Flavia Manente da, Fábio Orssatto, Eduardo Eyng, Laercio Mantovani Frare, Ilton José Baraldi, and Leandro Fleck. "Evaluation of electrocoagulation in the post-treatment of anaerobic wastewater of slaughterhouse and packing plant." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 5 (October 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2745.
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The demand for food production brings with it the increase of effluent generation, which represents a great problem for slaughterhouses, since effluents contain higher organic load, requiring adequate treatment to decrease environmental impacts. This study examines an alternative to solve this problem: the application of electrocoagulation in the treatment of anaerobic slaughterhouse and packing plant effluents, as this promising technique is both compact and robust. The removal of color, COD and turbidity was analyzed, and the operational cost was calculated. To optimize the process, the CCRD (central composite rotatable design) methodology was used with two independent variables: electric current density and electrolysis time, obtaining a complete factorial of 2² with 4 axial points and 4 repetitions at the central point. The most expressive removals were: 87%, 80% and 76% for color, COD and turbidity, respectively, the lower operational cost obtained was 0.12 US$.m-3. The statistical analysis allowed obtaining valid mathematical models for color removal and cost and, through the analysis of desirability, it was found that for current density of 8 mA.cm-2 and time of 20 minutes it is possible to maximize color removal (84%) and minimize the cost (0.21 US$.m-3).
Keywords: color, cost, COD, turbidity.
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Mustafa, Nur Farhana Ajua, Azmi Mohd Shariff, WeeHorng Tay, Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim, Siti Munirah Mhd Yusof, and Heri Hermansyah. "Effect of Liquid Flow Rate on Carbon Dioxide Absorption Performance Using Aqueous Potassium Carbonate Promoted with Glycine at Elevated Pressure Condition of Packed Absorption Column." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8749.
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This paper presented the absorption removal efficiency for carbon dioxide (CO2) removal from natural gas using an environmental friendly solvent, potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. Recently, CO2 capture using this solvent (with precipitating) was studied by previous researchers. However, the precipitates of the solvent increase the potential of blockage in the packing and piping thus result failure in absorption processes. Therefore, this study focused to assess the CO2 removal efficiency of non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. This green solvent contains aqueous blend of 20 wt% potassium carbonate and 8 wt% glycine. The absorption performance of the solvent was obtained by demonstrated a few experimental works using a bench scale packed absorption column. The packing type was Sulzer metal gauze and the column consisted of six sampling point which located equidistance along the packing. The effect of liquid flow rate was assessed in term of its CO2 removal efficiency and concentration profile along the packing. The study shows the increasing trend of CO2 removal as liquid flow rate increases. Higher liquid/molar flow rate gas (L/G) offers a better absorption performance compared to lower L/G ratio. The results demonstrated the efficient absorption up to 77% using non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine.
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Wang, L. M., X. Z. Luo, Y. M. Zhang, J. J. Lian, Y. X. Gao, and Z. Zheng. "Effect of earthworm loads on organic matter and nutrient removal efficiencies in synthetic domestic wastewater, and on bacterial community structure and diversity in vermifiltration." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.178.
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In this paper, we studied the effect of earthworm loads on the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from synthetic domestic sewage and on the bacterial community structure and diversity of substrates in earthworm packing beds. The different vermifiltrations (VFs), including the control, are successful in removing both organic matter (OM) and nutrients. The removal rate of NH3-N at 12.5 g of earthworm/L of soil VF is higher compared with that at 0 and 4.5 earthworm load VFs. The highest Shannon index, in the earthworm packing bed, occurred at 16.5 earthworm load VF. Furthermore, the COD removal rate is significantly correlated with the Shannon index, which reveals that OM removal for synthetic domestic sewage treatment at VF might be more dependent on bacterial diversity at the earthworm packing bed. The band distributions and diversities of the bacterial community for samples from different earthworm loads in VFs suggest that the bacterial community structure was only affected within the earthworm packing bed when the earthworm load reached a certain level. The present study adds to the current understanding of OM and nutrient degradation processes in VF domestic wastewater treatment.
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Awan, Mohammad Sohail, and Moghira Iqbal. "Nasal Packing after Septoplasty: A Randomized Comparison of Packing versus no Packing in 88 Patients." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 87, no. 11 (November 2008): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130808701108.
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The once-common practice of packing the nose after septoplasty was based on a desire to prevent postoperative complications such as bleeding, septal hematoma, and adhesion formation. However, it was since found that not only is nasal packing ineffective in this regard, it can actually cause these complications. Although the consensus in the world literature is that packing should be avoided, to the best of our knowledge, no truly randomized study has been undertaken in Southwest Asia upon which to justify this recommendation here. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized comparison of the incidence of a variety of postoperative signs and symptoms in 88 patients, 15 years of age and older, who did (n = 44) and did not (n = 44) undergo nasal packing following septoplasty. We found that the patients who underwent packing experienced significantly more postoperative pain, headache, epiphora, dysphagia, and sleep disturbance on the night of surgery. Oral and nasal examinations 7 days postoperatively revealed no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of bleeding, septal hematoma, adhesion formation, and local infection. Finally, the packing group reported a moderate to high level of pain during removal of the packing. Our findings confirm that nasal packing after septoplasty is not only unnecessary, it is actually a source of patient discomfort and other signs and symptoms.
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Kim, Jin-Myung, Chan Wook Kim, Suk-Kyung Hong, Hak Jae Lee, Chang Sik Yu, and Jin Cheon Kim. "Intra-Abdominal Gauze Packing for Uncontrolled Hemorrhage in Non-Trauma Patients." Journal of Acute Care Surgery 11, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17479/jacs.2021.11.2.64.
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Purpose: The outcomes of non-trauma patients requiring intra-abdominal gauze packing for the management of uncontrollable hemorrhage following surgery, and the evaluation of survival risk factors were examined. Methods: Data from patients who underwent intra-abdominal gauze packing to control bleeding during abdominal surgery between September 2012 and March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 28 patients were included in the study population analysis. There were 9 patients who died during hospitalization. One patient died as a result of uncontrolled bleeding. In spite of gauze packing, 2 patients who had increasing blood transfusion requirements (> 4 packs/4 hours) were found to have arterial bleeding. Univariate analysis for hospital death showed that immunocompromised status, emergency surgery, a thrombocytopenic state prior to initial surgery, and a longer duration until gauze removal had a negative association with survival outcomes. Among these factors, only time to gauze removal > 36 hours was identified as an independent risk factor for survival outcome in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Gauze packing could be considered as an effective method for the management of uncontrolled hemorrhage, in non-trauma patients. In cases of persistent bleeding after gauze packing, arterial bleeding should be suspected. Gauze removal after > 36 hours may indicate a poor survival outcome.
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Liu, Zhi Fei, and De Hong Pang. "Study on the Treatment of Nitrogen Oxides by Compound Bio-Filter." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1824.
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Activated carbon and wood chips were applied respectively as packing material of bio-trickling filter and bio-filter which composed the compound bio-filter and the effect of different operating parameters on NOx removal efficiency were studied. The results show that the best operating conditions of the compound bio-filter are: NO inlet concentration 604.5 mg/m3, spray volume 1.2 L/h, gas flow 0.6 m3/h(empty bed residence time 103.7 s).In such cases,NOx removal efficiency is over 96% and NOx removal load of the packing material is 29.66 g/(m3•h) . The remove of NOx is mainly completed by the packing layer of 0~50 cm height both in the bio-trickling filter and in the bio-filter, that is to say ,when the total packing layer height of the compound bio-filter is 100 cm, the purification effect is ideal and economical; The system can return to normal in about 7 hr when the dynamic load changes largely and suddenly, showing that it has strong anti shock load capacity.
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Qin, Shu Lin, and Zhong Quan Wang. "Study on the Effect of Advanced Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Coupling of Micro-Electrolysis-Catalytic Oxidation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.718.
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Pharmaceutical wastewater was treated by coupling of micro-electrolysis-catalytic oxidation, using porous multicomponent alloys as packing. Influence of initial pH of wastewater, micro electrolysis time, packing ration, H2O2 dosage and catalytic oxidation time on removal rate of COD in wastewater was studied. The optimal process condition for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater by coupling of micro-electrolysis-catalytic oxidation is as follows: initial pH 2.5, micro electrolysis time 90 min, packing ration 1:1, and dosage of H2O2 2 ‰, catalytic oxidation time 120min and oxygen aeration. Under the optimal process condition, the average removal of COD is 52.5%, and the average mass concentration of COD is 276 mg/L.
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Sahin, C., and H. I. Aras. "Effect on patient anxiety of lidocaine infiltration into nasal packing after septoplasty: prospective, controlled study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 8 (June 29, 2015): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115001644.
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AbstractObjective:This prospective, controlled study investigated the effect on patient anxiety of lidocaine infiltration into nasal packing following septoplasty.Methods:The study included 50 patients who underwent septoplasty operation. Patient anxiety levels were measured 24 hours pre-operatively; 48 hours post-operatively, before saline or lidocaine infiltration; and 15 minutes after lidocaine or saline infiltration into the packing. The patients were asked to mark their level of pain during pack removal on a visual analogue scale.Results:Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores for lidocaine infiltration patients were: 15.1 ± 7.4 pre-operatively; 16 ±7.6 post-operatively, before infiltration; and 13.7 ± 6.6 at 15 minutes after infiltration. The scores for saline infiltration patients were: 16.3 ± 6.8 pre-operatively, 16.4 ± 5.5 before infiltration and 16.1 ± 6.1 after infiltration. The visual analogue scale pain score was 5.3 ± 2.0 in the lidocaine study group and 7.5 ± 1.8 in the control saline group.Conclusion:Infiltration of lidocaine into nasal packing significantly reduced patient pain. Patients developed mild to moderate anxiety before nasal packing removal. Use of techniques without nasal packing can be recommended after septoplasty to ease patient post-operative discomfort.
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Mijaylova Nacheva, P., and G. Moeller Chávez. "Wastewater treatment using a novel bioreactor with submerged packing bed of polyethylene tape." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.838.
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The performance of a novel aerobic bioreactor with a specially designed submerged packing bed of high specific surface area density, made of polyethylene tape, was studied for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The reactor has a volume of 0.71 m3 and the specific area of the packing bed was 1,098 m2/m3. The operation was performed with and without effluent recycling, applying different organic loads in the range of 4.0–17.6 g COD m−2 d−1. No back-washings were carried out. Overall BOD5 removals of 90–95% were obtained with organic loads of 4.0–17.6 g COD m−2 d−1 and HRT of 0.2–1.1 h. Overall TN removal of 69–72% was obtained at loads of 0.8–4.6 g TN m−2 d−1 when effluent recycling was used. The reactor allowed obtaining high quality water for urban reuse and demonstrated an effective process performance and resistance to load variations. The developed biofilm was completely penetrated by the organic matter, ammonia and oxygen, providing high removal rates. Large biomass quantities, up to 13 g dry VS/m2, were reached in the reactor and the determined sludge yield coefficient was relatively low, of 0.25 g VSS/g COD. These results allow obtaining compact treatment systems with low sludge production and make the technology a suitable option for small wastewater treatment plants.
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Sheen, Tzung-Shiahn, Jenq-Yuh Ko, and Yung-Hsiang Hsu. "Pyogenic Granuloma—An Uncommon Complication of Nasal Packing." American Journal of Rhinology 11, no. 3 (May 1997): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065897781751839.
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Nasal packing is a very common procedure in the otolaryngologic service for nasal bleeding and postoperative hemostasis. However, a pyogenic granuloma complicated from nasal packing has not been reported in the literature. A 50-year-old man underwent nasal packing by use of vaseline gauze due to nasal bleeding. Two weeks later, a dark brown nasal tumor was found in his nasal cavity. He underwent partial turbinectomy for removal of the tumor. The pathology demonstrated a pyogenic granuloma. It is the first case of a confirmed pyogenic granuloma complicated from nasal packing in the literature. To prevent complications and decrease the discomfort, we strongly recommend the use of inflatable balloons or nontraumatic materials for nasal packing.
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Hu, Jun Sheng, Jia Li Dong, Ying Wang, Lei Guan, and Ying Yong Duan. "Hydroquinone Wastewater Treatment by Means of Electrochemical Oxidation in Three-Dimensional Bipolar Cell." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2539.
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By the static experiment, we studied the electrochemical oxidation process of simulated hydroquinone wastewater (concentration for 300mg•L-1) in the three-dimensional cell. Experimental inspected how various factors of the packing quality ratio, electrolysis voltage, supporting electrolyte concentration, and the initial pH value influence the effect of the removal of hydroquinone and CODCr. The results of the experiment clearly indicated with the increase of voltage applied the removal rate of hydroquinone and CODCr increased first and then decreased, finally and increased again. In the weak alkali conditions (pH=8.5), the removal rate of hydroquinone and CODCr is the highest, Electrolyte concentration and packing quality ratio to the effect of hydroquinone by electrochemical degradation is the larger. The results of the single factor analysis show that the most suitable processing conditions of simulated hydroquinone wastewater by bipolar electrocatalysis oxidation are the Na2SO4 concentration of 0.03mol•L-1, the electrolytic voltage of 6V, the initial pH value of 8.5, the packing quality ratio of 1:2. With this condition processing 3h, the removal rate of hydroquinone and CODCr reached 83.96% and 39.9%, respectively.
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Li, Meng, Dong Lei Zou, Hao Chen Zou, and Dong Yan Fan. "Treatment of Simulated Wastewater Containing Chlorobenzene by Iron-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Packing." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.176.
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Using iron filings, activated carbon power and clay as raw materials, the granular iron-carbon micro-electrolysis packing was made by the method of calcination. The influence of initial chlorobenzene (CB) concentration, pH value and reaction temperature on the removal rate of simulated wastewater containing CB were investigated. The results showed that the reaction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model and the rate constants varied at a relatively low degree at various pH. Temperature is an important parameter and an increase in temperature could significantly raise the reaction rates. The column packed with packing was designed to remove CB in wastewater. After running for 70 days, the packing still had good performance and there was no obvious decrease on the removal rate.
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Hwang, Juen-Haur, Chia-Ming Liu, Tien-Chen Liu, and Ming-Che Hsu. "Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Before Removal of Nasal Packing." Laryngoscope 113, no. 8 (August 2003): 1423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200308000-00030.
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Zhang, Nan, Yun Wu, Hong Wei Zhang, and Hui Jia. "Influence of Flow Field on Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Carbon by Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.372.
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The characteristics of removing COD and nitrogen simultaneously in membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was investigated in different packing densities and circulation flow rates. The results show that better removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen are found under the packing density of 30%, which removal rates are 76% and 65% respectively. Observations through the electron microscopic and CCD camera reveal that the biofilm have a layered structure and the stable biofilm thickness is 1.652 mm. When the circulation flow rate is 7.62 L·min-1, the highest removal rate of total nitrogen is 70%, meanwhile, the efficient mass transfer of the biofilm is ensured.
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Garth, R. J. N., and A. P. Brightwell. "A comparison of packing materials used in nasal surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, no. 7 (July 1994): 564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100127434.
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AbstractA prospective study was performed to compare Telfa,® paraffin gauze, Merocel® and BIPP used postoperatively following septal or turbinate surgery. Packs were assessed in terms of patient comfort, control of bleeding and ease of removal. There was little to choose between the packs while they were in situ and there was no significant difference in ease of removal. On removal the Telfa® and paraffin gauze were associated with less discomfort and less bleeding than BIPP or Merocel® (p<0.05).
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MUSTAFA, NUR FARHANA AJUA, Azmi bin Mohd Shariff, WeeHorng Tay, Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim, and Siti Munirah Mhd Yusof. "CO2 REMOVAL EFFICIENCY FROM NATURAL GAS AT ELEVATED PRESSURE OF PACKED ABSORPTION COLUMN USING POTASSIUM CARBONATE PROMOTED WITH GLYCINE." Science Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v1i2.633.
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This article reports the absorption removal efficiency for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from natural gas using an environmental friendly solvent, potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. Recently, CO2 capture using this solvent (with precipitating) was studied by previous researchers. However, the precipitates of the solvent increase the potential of blockage in the packing and piping thus result failure in absorption processes. Therefore, this study focused to assess the CO2 removal efficiency of non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. This green solvent contains aqueous blend of 20 wt% potassium carbonate and 8 wt% glycine. The absorption performance of the solvent was obtained by demonstrated a few experimental works using a bench scale packed absorption column. The packing type was Sulzer metal gauze and the column consisted of six sampling point which located equidistance along the packing The system was running over a range of liquid flow rate 1.81-7.22 m3/m2.h at fixed operating pressure (4 Mpa), CO2 inlet concentration (20%), gas flow rate (33 kmol/m2.h) and solvent temperature (60 . The effect of liquid flow rate was assessed in term of its CO2 removal efficiency and concentration profile along the packing. The study shows the increasing trend of CO2 removal as liquid flow rate increases. Higher liquid/molar flow rate gas (L/G) offers a better absorption performance compared to lower L/G ratio. This study demonstrated the efficient absorption up to 77 % using non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine.
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Saedi, B., M. Sadeghi, and S. Farschi. "Effect of polyvinyl acetal sponge nasal packing on post-operative care of nasal polyposis patients: a randomised, controlled, partly blinded study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 4 (February 6, 2012): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111003471.
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AbstractObjective:To compare the effects of routine nasal packing with polyvinyl acetal sponge (Merocel) versus no packing, after endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyposis.Subjects and methods:This clinical, randomised, controlled trial was performed in an academic tertiary referral centre between 2008 and 2011. Sixty patients with resistant nasal polyposis underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, and were then randomly divided into two groups: packed and non-packed. The amount of bleeding and pain in each group during pack removal was documented.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in the outcome of surgery and complications. One patient in each group needed extra packing. In the packed group, the mean ± standard deviation pain score on pack removal was 61 ± 3 (using a visual analogue scale in which 0 = no pain and 100 = worst pain imaginable).Conclusion:This study found no significant difference between polyvinyl acetal packed and non-packed groups, following endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyposis. This confirms the findings of similar studies, and supports the reconsideration of routine post-operative packing in selected cases.
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Lubianca-Neto, José Faibes, Geraldo Druck Sant'anna, Marcelo Mauri, Jaime Luís Freitas Arrarte, and Carlos Alberto Brinckmann. "Evaluation of Time of Nasal Packing After Nasal Surgery: A Randomized Trial." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 6 (June 2000): 899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59980070021-0.
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A randomized, prospective trial was carried out to compare the rate of hemorrhagic complications after removal of nasal packing left for 24 and 48 hours. A total of 104 patients underwent nasal surgery and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group 1, 24 hours of nasal packing; group 2, 48 hours of nasal packing. No statistical difference was observed between the groups in terms of occurrence of hemorrhagic complications. Hypertension was the only prognostic factor for postoperative bleeding. The routine use of 48-hour postoperative nasal packing after nasal surgery is not justified because of the low incidence of bleeding and the potential associated morbidity. At the end of the procedure, surgeons should evaluate the risk of postoperative bleeding (ie, presence of hypertension) and decide whether 24-hour nasal packing is enough.
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Akbari, E., C. M. Philpott, A. J. Ostry, A. Clark, and A. R. Javer. "A double-blind randomised controlled trial of gloved versus ungloved merocel middle meatal spacers for endoscopic sinus surgery." Rhinology journal 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino10.215.
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BACKGROUND: Middle meatal spacers are commonly used following endoscopic sinus surgery to prevent post-operative bleeding and lateralization of the middle turbinates. The effects of nasal packing on post-operative sinonasal mucosal healing remain unknown in humans. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the histopathalogical effects of Merocel and Merocel covered with a finger glove on mucosal healing, and patients` discomfort immediately post-operatively after endoscopic sinus surgery and at removal of the nasal packing. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients were randomized and blinded to receive Merocel middle meatal spacer (MMMS) in one nostril and finger glove Merocel middle meatal spacer (FGMMS) in the contra lateral side. Patients were seen on post-operative day 6, and completed a visual analogue score reporting the post-operative discomfort from nasal packing on each side. Following the removal of nasal packing, patients indicated which side caused more discomfort on removal. Biopsies were taken from the middle turbinates and sent to a blinded pathologist who scored the level of mucosal inflammation from 0 - 4. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between MMMS and FGMMS in regards to their effect on sinonasal mucosal inflammation and discomfort post-operatively. A statistically significant difference was noted with respect to discomfort at removal with the uncovered Merocel more likely to cause discomfort when compared to the Merocel covered in a glove finger. CONCLUSION: MMMS and FGMMS are equivalent in the amount of sinonasal mucosal inflammation and discomfort post endoscopic sinus surgery. However, the main advantage of the FGMMS was a significant reduction in pain on removal when compared with the MMMS.
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Akbari, E., C. M. Philpott, A. J. Ostry, A. Clark, and A. R. Javer. "A double-blind randomised controlled trial of gloved versus ungloved merocel middle meatal spacers for endoscopic sinus surgery." Rhinology journal 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino11.215.
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Background: Middle meatal spacers are commonly used following endoscopic sinus surgery to prevent post-operative bleeding and lateralization of the middle turbinates. The effects of nasal packing on post-operative sinonasal mucosal healing remain unknown in humans. Objective: This study aims to compare the histopathalogical effects of Merocel and Merocel covered with a finger glove on mucosal healing, and patients` discomfort immediately post-operatively after endoscopic sinus surgery and at removal of the nasal packing. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients were randomized and blinded to receive Merocel middle meatal spacer (MMMS) in one nostril and finger glove Merocel middle meatal spacer (FGMMS) in the contra lateral side. Patients were seen on post-operative day 6, and completed a visual analogue score reporting the post-operative discomfort from nasal packing on each side. Following the removal of nasal packing, patients indicated which side caused more discomfort on removal. Biopsies were taken from the middle turbinates and sent to a blinded pathologist who scored the level of mucosal inflammation from 0 - 4. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between MMMS and FGMMS in regards to their effect on sinonasal mucosal inflammation and discomfort post-operatively. A statistically significant difference was noted with respect to discomfort at removal with the uncovered Merocel more likely to cause discomfort when compared to the Merocel covered in a glove finger. Conclusion: MMMS and FGMMS are equivalent in the amount of sinonasal mucosal inflammation and discomfort post endoscopic sinus surgery. However, the main advantage of the FGMMS was a significant reduction in pain on removal when compared with the MMMS.
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Fang, S., K. Argiris, and N. Padgham. "How we do it: the absorbable gelatin sponge cube, an effective and economical approach to packing in ear surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 5 (May 2014): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114000759.
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AbstractIntroduction:There is currently a lack of robust evidence on the best form of packing for otological surgery. We describe the use of the absorbable gelatin sponge, a packing material that does not require removal and has the benefit of being considerably cheaper compared to other common forms of ear packing.Methods:A comparison was made of the financial cost of several forms of packing for common otological procedures. In addition, a retrospective audit of complications was undertaken of all patients in whom the absorbable gelatin sponge was used over the past three years.Results:The absorbable gelatin sponge was shown to be cheaper to purchase per unit and also more economical to use. It has been the exclusive form of packing used in 519 procedures over the past three years at the William Harvey Hospital in Ashford (UK), with very few complications noted at the follow-up review.Conclusion:We strongly advocate using the absorbable gelatin sponge, a packing material that is kinder to the patient, has similar efficacy to other forms of packing and is also much cheaper to use compared to other common forms of packing.
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Yew Richard, Wong Kim, and Shamim Rahman Bin SMA Abdul Rasheed. "The Mystery of the Disappearing Nasal Packs." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 6, no. 4 (September 18, 2022): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v6i4.485.
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Nasal packing is commonly used for hemostasis post nasal surgeries. It is cheap, easily available and is routinely practiced in many centres. However, they may be associated with complications. Some of the complications include pain during nasal packing removal, damage or injury to the nasal mucosa leading to synechiae formation, crusting, and septal perforation. We describe a case of a 39-year-old gentleman who underwent a septoturbinoplasty procedure, to address his nasal problem and subsequently nasal packing was inserted into bilateral nasal cavity for hemostasis. However, prior to extubation, it was noted that the nasal packing were not in situ. Nasoendoscopy and direct laryngoscopy were performed but were unable to trace the missing nasal packs. An Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) was done and revealed the presence of the nasal packing in the stomach. This case highlighted the risk of nasal packing to be dislodged from the nasal cavity into the stomach if not secured properly, and therefore we recommended securing the nasal packing in its position by tying a knot using the strings attached with the nasal packing together.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 04 Oct’22 Page: 442-444
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Rahim, Md Manjur, Ahmmad Taous, Md Hasan Zafar, Mozharul Islam, Khalid Asad, and Md Tayob Ali. "Effect of Anterior Nasal Packing on Eustachian Tube Function and Middle Ear Pressure." Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 23, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v23i1.45108.
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The present study includes evaluation 60 ears of 30 nasal patients admitted to department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Each patient underwent nasal surgery followed by anterior nasal packing for 48 hours. All patients were investigated by tympanometry prior to surgery, 2nd post operative day before pack removal and on 7th post operative day 5 days after pack removal. This study shows that nasal packing result in Eustachian tube dysfunction and negative middle ear pressure which is reversible in nature.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2017; 23(1): 27-31
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Cimerman, Richard, Mária Cíbiková, Leonid Satrapinskyy, and Karol Hensel. "The Effect of Packing Material Properties on Tars Removal by Plasma Catalysis." Catalysts 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121476.
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Plasma catalysis has been utilized in many environmental applications for removal of various hydrocarbons including tars. The aim of this work was to study the tars removal process by atmospheric pressure DBD non-thermal plasma generated in combination with packing materials of various composition and catalytic activity (TiO2, Pt/γAl2O3, BaTiO3, γAl2O3, ZrO2, glass beads), dielectric constant (5–4000), shape (spherical and cylindrical pellets and beads), size (3–5 mm in diameter, 3–8 mm in length), and specific surface area (37–150 m2/g). Naphthalene was chosen as a model tar compound. The experiments were performed at a temperature of 100 °C and a naphthalene initial concentration of approx. 3000 ppm, i.e., under conditions that are usually less favorable to achieve high removal efficiencies. For a given specific input energy of 320 J/L, naphthalene removal efficiency followed a sequence: TiO2 > Pt/γAl2O3 > ZrO2 > γAl2O3 > glass beads > BaTiO3 > plasma only. The efficiency increased with the increasing specific surface area of a given packing material, while its shape and size were also found to be important. By-products of naphthalene decomposition were analyzed by means of FTIR spectrometry and surface of packing materials by SEM analysis.
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Pringle, M. B., P. Beasley, and A. P. Brightwell. "The use of Merocel nasal packs in the treatment of epistaxis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 6 (June 1996): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100134218.
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AbstractOver the period of a year, Merocel nasal packs were used routinely as the primary form of packing in patients referred to the hospital with epistaxis that had not resolved with simple measures, and in whom packing was thought to be required. Their effectiveness was assessed. The packing was usually performed by inexperienced senior house officers. The Merocel packs successfully controlled bleeding in 91.5 per cent of the patients in whom they were used. Use of the correct insertion technique is very important but is very easy to learn and perform. The actual insertion takes only a couple of seconds. Discomfort during insertion, whilst in situ and on removal was assessed.Merocel nasal packing is an effective form of first line treatment in patients with epistaxis.
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Ren, Ai Ling, Xi Lv, Bin Guo, Huan Huan He, and Jin Zhang. "Styrene Removal from Polluted Air in Biotrickling Filter with Pyrocarbon-Sawdust and Ceramic-Raschig-Rings-Sawdust Packings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.519.
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In this paper, a mixed microbial population biotrickling filter (BTF) was investigated for styrene removal with two different packings at different empty bed residence times and gas-liquid ratio(GLR). The two biotrickling filters inoculated with a Pyrocarbon-sawdust and ceramic-raschig-rings-sawdust mixed packings were filled respectively in two identical laboratory-scale biotrickling filters which were operated in parallel. The results showed that the BTF filling with pyrocarbon-sawdust packings had higher rate of bio-film formation and removal efficiency of styrene than that of ceramic-raschig-rings-sawdust packings. When an inlet gas concentration of 50 to 450 mg/m³, an Empty Bed Residence Time (EBRT) of 21.6 to 43.2 s, and a gas-liquid ratio (GLR) of 110.7 to 55.3, a maximum styrene removal load is up to 153.1 g/(m³·h). During shock-load experiments with shutdown, the styrene removal efficiency of the BTF could gradually reach 92 % to 100 % by 14 h.
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Bonhomme, M., F. Rogalla, G. Boisseau, and J. Sibony. "Enhancing Nitrogen Removal in Activated Sludge with Fixed Biomass." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0142.
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To upgrade existing activated sludge treatment plants, different techniques that would remove an important flux of nitrogen rapidly on a great number of units were investigated. Nitrification with conventional activated sludge systems requires considerable multiplication of tankage volume. The necessary investment and space is not always available, especially since many older plants are now in urbanized areas. To lower the nitrogen load in receiving water, the first priority should be to obtain partial nitrogen removal with existing plants, using methods that are simple to adapt.Three techniques were tested on large scale: submerged elements in aeration basin to add fixed biomass, contact stabilisation that allows a higher sludge age in the same tankage volume, and adding submerged biotower packings as a tertiary aeration stage. In a full scale unit (4000 m3/d), one complete section of the plant fitted with biofilter packing was operated in parallel with a similar unmodified section as reference. The volume occupied by the fixed beds was varied between 20 and 40 % of the tank. The submerged elements improved removal efficiency, to maintain effluent quality at higher loadings or obtain lower residual pollution values in existing plants. The biofilm evolution and the hydraulic behaviour of the packing was followed. No significant change in sludge settleability was observed, but fixed biomass addition reduced sludge production because of a lower overall mass loading. The resulting higher sludge age allowed the ammonia oxidizers to remain in the mixed population beyond usual F/M limits, but no installation of nitrifiers on the support media could be observed. To verify the limits of immersed plastic surfaces for nitrification, an aerated column was fed with effluent of a highly loaded activated sludge plant. In opposition to carriers submerged in mixed liquor, nitrifier attachment was obtained, and COD and SS removal for effluent polishing was achieved. With a carbon loading exceeding 1,5 kg COD/m3 d, a maximum oxidation rate of 0,4 kg N-NH4/m3 d could be obtained. A pilot unit was tested to assess the potential volume reduction for nitrogen elimination by contact stabilisation. This configuration stores the highly concentrated return sludge in a reaeration basin, and keeping only the minimum detention time in the contact basin to obtain nitrification. Also, an increased carbon load in the contact basin enhances denitrification. For urban wastewaters with a COD/N ratio of about 10, complete oxidation and partial removal of nitrogen were obtained with a volume loading of 1,5 kg COD/m3 d. Nitrogen removal rates of 0,15 kg N/m3 d were measured both in the anoxic and the aerobic part of the contact basin. The contact stabilisation mode was then tested on full scale combined with submerged biomass carriers. A consistant nitrogen elimination of 50 % was obtained with aeration detention times of about 4 hours.
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Sahin, Caner, and Hatice Aras. "The Effect of Nasal Packing Removal on Patients Anxiety." Medical Archives 69, no. 6 (2015): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2015.69.393-395.
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LIU, SHIMIN, DONGDONG LIANG, JINDONG LIU, WEIWEI JIANG, CHAOQIAN LIU, WANYU DING, HUALIN WANG, and NAN WANG. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ATO NANOPARTICLES BY COPRECIPITATION WITH MODIFIED DRYING METHOD." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 08 (December 2017): 1750117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17501177.
Full textAbstract:
Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation by packing drying and traditional direct drying (for comparison) methods. The as-prepared ATO nanoparticles were characterized by TG, XRD, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, BET, bulk density and electrical resistivity measurements. Results indicated that the ATO nanoparticles obtained by coprecipitation with direct drying method featured hard-agglomerated morphology, high bulk density, low surface area and low electrical resistivity, probably due to the direct liquid evaporation during drying, the fast shrinkage of the precipitate, the poor removal efficiency of liquid molecules and the hard agglomerate formation after calcination. Very differently, the ATO product obtained by the packing and drying method featured free-agglomerated morphology, low bulk density, high surface area and high electrical resistivity ascribed probably to the formed vapor cyclone environment and liquid evaporation-resistance, avoiding fast liquid removal and improving the removal efficiency of liquid molecules. The intrinsic formation mechanism of ATO nanoparticles from different drying methods was illustrated based on the dehydration process of ATO precipitates. Additionally, the packing and drying time played key roles in determining the bulk density, morphology and electrical conductivity of ATO nanoparticles.
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Afzaal, Muhammad, Balasubramanian Periyasamy, and Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah. "Continuous Heavy Metal Removal from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Natural Ceiba pentandra Packed-Bed Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.822.
Full textAbstract:
Packed bed column studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of naturalCeiba pentandra(L). Gaertn. (kapok) for the heavy metal removal from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) under varying flow rate (5-10 ml/min) and packing density (0.04-0.08 g/cm3). A multilevel factorial design based on Packing density and flow rate of the influent was developed. Maximum metal reductions for Fe, Mn and Zn were 2.06 ppm, 0.081 ppm, and 0.064 ppm respectively obtained at 0.08 g/cm3packing density and 5 ml/min flow rate. The results suggest the suitability of raw kapok fiber for low-cost removal of heavy metals.