Dissertations / Theses: 'Remote communities'

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Jamee, Mohammad. "Demand response in remote communities." Thesis, Jamee, Mohammad (2018) Demand response in remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41907/.

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Optimal Microgrid operation is considered as an important challenge to be achieved. Decreasing the active power Loss, maintaining bus voltages violation within the standard, operation cost and two-way communication between customer and energy utilities problems are fulfilled which reflected the aim of the operation through this challenge. Therefore, Demand Response programs attracted a lot of attention through operating of Microgrid and showed a sustained and rapid growth in recent years, as power supplies face the difficulties to meet the demands during the operation. Especially during the peak hours when the demand is higher than supply or vice versa. This project explored the rural communities’ electricity network and the challenges, opportunities, and problems associated with Microgrids. The concept of DR, identification of current techniques and programs in a field of DR were highlighted. The aim of this thesis is to use the sensitivity analysis method to determine the optimal location for Shunt Capacitor placement, identify the priority of the buses in the network and using Direct Load Control (DLC) method for DR implementation. In order to achieve the objectives of this paper, the communications between MATLAB and DigSILENT were explored, and a DPL script has been developed for simulation to validate the DR method.

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Cottrell, Martin. "Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Cottrell, Martin (2007) Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40884/.

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The Bushlight program can be considered an excellent example of a program that provides stand-alone genset/photovoltaic (PV) systems to Remote Indigenous communities. A reduction in system costs, by the application of Diversity Factors, would further Bushlight's ability to provide these energy supply solutions. Diversity is the concept that the Electricity Use for a group of similar Households will be less than the sum of the Electricity Use for each individual Household. Diversity Factors are the ratio of this diversity. Diversity Factors for commercial application have been developed through experience with urban Electricity Use. However, they are not applicable to Bushlight because of the smaller scale of the Bushlight installations and the differences in user behaviour. Some preliminary Diversity Factors applicable to Remote Indigenous communities, as well as trends in these Diversity Factors, were calculated through comparison of Electricity Use between sites. A process that outlined the steps required to calculate Diversity Factors from monitored data was also determined. The comparison was undertaken in a manner that incorporated external influences such as temperature and Household size. The Monitored Data used for the comparisons had a number of issues, which were believed to be common to Remote monitoring. An assessment of the limitations associated with these issues was also undertaken. A list of options for further work has been prepared. This list should be assessed by Bushlight staff to determine the most appropriate method of refining the calculated Diversity Factors.

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Al-Ahwal, Saleh Abdullah Hussain. "The health care of remote industrial communities." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248244.

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The main part of the introduction illustrates the health care provision made in the past for workforces of the oil and gas industries functioning in remote places usually associated with an environmental hazard. Much of the past work has been carried out in the North Sea and the provision made there has been reviewed in some detail together with the gradual development of health care in the United Arab Emirates for both the offshore and the onshore oil-related workforces. There follows a short review of the provision made for two analogous situations - Newfoundland and Labrador and the British Antarctic Territories - since the developments there are of direct relevance to the Middle East situation. The main environmental hazard in the Middle East is heat and so the physiology and pathology of thermal balance in man are addressed in some detail. The first study is on the identification of the particular thermal problem which occurs in the offshore workings on the Abu Dhabi oil and gas companies, namely heat cramps. This problems had not been previously identified and the work done in determining its presence and its management is duly reported, indicating the problems of accepting health education material designed for one environment by another. In the development of systems of health care for both oil and non-oil related remote populations, the importance of training of the population at risk has been repeatedly emphasised. The perceived problems in that area are skill retention by laymen and the acceptance of the guidelines of the European and US Resuscitation Councils. A second study was therefore carried out to examine skill retention in laymen together with the feasibility of carrying out resuscitation manoeuvres in high temperatures.

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White-Davison, Patricia A. M. "Rural Views: Schooling in Rural/Remote Communities." Thesis, Griffith University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367842.

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This study is based on data collected for a large project that investigated social literacies and various aspects of the literacy culture of members of three rural communities in Queensland. This study draws on ideas from current critical literacy theory and research and post-structural writings. It reports a distinctive set of observations which aim to contribute to social and educational knowledge in respect of centre-margin relationships, literacy-empowerment relationships, the changing socio-economic and political landscape in rural Australia, and the need for a new conceptual landscape to define the foundations of a 'postprogressive pedagogy'. This study delineates some of the distinctive features of rural communities, and investigates the connections that people construct between schooling and economic change and the future, and between literacy and schooling and various aspects of the culture of the community. It interprets how schooling and literacy are socially constructed by members of the rural communities studied. One hundred and fifty-eight residents of three rural/remote communities were interviewed and their responses recorded and analysed. The residents represented the full range of ages and occupations. A selection of data from these interviews is taken for this study, based on themes and issues emerging from the data. A theoretical and empirical framework for the study is provided by reviewing current literature on rurality and rural living, on communities and schooling and cultural practices; literature on qualitative research methodology, specifically ethnomethodology, methods of interview analysis and the application of these methods, is also reviewed. Ethnomethodology is used for this study and the specific analytic procedures of Membership Categorisation Analysis. This specific type of qualitative research methodology is chosen because of its power to take the everyday conversations of community members and, through analytical procedures, to make explicit in those members accounts the interaction of their experiences with the organisational and social forces (the social realities) which permeate their relationships with one another and with the context of the community where they live, work and recreate. This study makes use of recent systematic procedures developed for interrogating interview data. It adds to the research literature on ideologies of family and community literacies and social practices in Australian rural communities. The study provides information relevant to rural development planners, and education policy developers and curriculum writers, for the purpose of enhancing schooling for rural students and better understanding of rural lifestyles. This study's focus on rural communities has highlighted the complexities and diversities of the rural communities that are studied. The different approaches and debates about 'defining rural' must continue, and researchers must avoid promoting a unidimensional category of 'rural'. The changing and developing nature of the rural communities has also been prominent in this study. The implications of these complexities and changes are that rural communities should be studied regularly so that the effects of the changes can be traced and documented. There is a varied set of understandings among rural dwellers about education. For some, education is bringing knowledge and skills to life in the rural location and enabling residents to avail themselves of the urban offerings that may enhance their occupations and leisure activities thus utilising the benefits of two cultures to their best advantage. For others, there are the expectations that education will enable them to move away from the rural areas, to go to the city, to take up other careers, to lead a different lifestyle. Hypotheses and generalisations that express negative approaches to rural cultures and to rural education must be reduced and the positive aspects promoted. Any centre-margin discourse must be scrutinised for its relevance and the feasibility of the assumptions on which it is based. Education policy developers, social researchers and rural policy planners need to re-evaluate the philosophical premises on which the current concept of success is based: success for the individual school student, success for education and schooling, and success in adult life. A number of recommendations are developed in an attempt to make a vision of excellence in rural education a central part of rural agenda. Curriculum in rural schools needs to be matched to rural resources and rural occupations and lifestyles, and to encourage enterprise. While education remains a centralised provision, it needs to provide a context for training in the communication skills that shape rural people's views of their communities. Rural secondary students may be disadvantaged by not having access to a wide range of curriculum offerings, and at tertiary level by inequities (mostly financial) of access, but technology could be used to assist in broadening the range of offerings at secondary level, and library resources across the country could be better utilised. Social and education research could benefit from further studies using this methodology, for example, studies in mining communities, rural ethnic communities, rural tourist communities.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
Arts, Education and Law
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Spark, Ross L. "Developing health promotion methods in remote Aboriginal communities." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/969.

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This thesis investigates the development and implementation of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities via the Kimberley Aboriginal Health Promotion Project (KAHPP), a project funded under a grant from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services and conducted by the School of Public Health at Curtin University of Technology. The aim of the project was to investigate the effectiveness of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities and to develop structures for implementing effective Aboriginal health promotion programs.There were three main research components in this study: an assessment of health indicators; an assessment of the intervention impact; and an assessment of the media component of the intervention. The research methodology included the development of a culturally appropriate survey instrument and the conduct of cross-sectional surveys of three remote Aboriginal communities with differing historical circumstances in the Kimberley region. The questionnaire and field study methods were piloted in 1990 and the main study conducted in 1991 1[superscript].A health promotion intervention was conducted based on an approach originally developed in the Northern Territory 2[superscript]. The intervention employed community development and mass media strategies. Community members nominated health issues that they wished to address, from which 'storyboards' were created for health promotion advertisements to appear on remote television on a paid schedule 3[superscript]. Representative random samples of adult males and females from three remote Aboriginal communities were surveyed according to a range of attitudinal and behavioural health indicators. A post-test survey assessed media reach and impact and pre-post surveys assessed relevant changes in the communities.The cross-sectional survey of health indicators found differences between communities in terms of self-assessed health and risk behaviours. These are discussed in terms of the historical differences between communities and with respect to each community's current situation. Respondents from all communities rated environmental factors as important in their contribution to health, and generally more so than individual lifestyle behaviours.The study demonstrated that television has the potential to reach the vast majority of Aboriginal people in remote communities in the Kimberley. There was some indication that participation in the development of advertisements was associated with higher recognition and more positive assessments of that advertisement. No significant differences in selected indicators of community 'empowerment' were detected following the intervention.The thesis methodology has contributed to the development of a set of guidelines for the conduct of survey research in remote Aboriginal communities, 4[superscript] and has guided the formation of Aboriginal health promotion units in Western Australia and elsewhere.1. Spark R, Binns C, Laughlin D, Spooner C, Donovan RJ. Aboriginal people's perceptions of their own and their community's health: results of a pilot study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1992; 2(2):60-61.2. Spark R, Mills P. Promoting Aboriginal health on television in the Northern Territory: a bicultural approach. Drug Education Journal of Australia 1988; 2 (3):191-198.3. Spark R, Donovan RJ, Howat P. Promoting health and preventing injury in remote Aboriginal communities: a case study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1991; 1(2):10-16.4. Donovan RJ, Spark. R. Towards guidelines for conducting survey research in remote Aboriginal communities. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997; 21:89-94.

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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (1989) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1989. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40085/.

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Many Aboriginal Outstations in Western Australia have bores which produce drinking water of such a low standard that the health of the community members is at risk. Major concerns are the high concentrations of sale, nitrates and fluoride and bacteriological contamination. Communities faced with this problem have four choices. They can sink another bore nearby in the hope of finding better water, which would be expensive and not necessarily successful. They can physically move to another location which would be socially and culturally disruptive. They can accept the risk and drink the water untreated. Recent innovations in reserve osmosis desalination now make it possible to treat the water on site using solar power. The appropriateness of this new technology for remote locations is analysed. A means of predicting the power requirements of a unit capable of supplying the drinking water needs of a small community, estimated at up to 1 m3 per day is derived. A small commercially available unit was tested and it was found that in summer it could produce a steady flow of over 5 L/hour for 10 hours per day when used with a solar tracker and a power optimiser. Two designs were developed which could supply the desired 1 m3 flow rate from the power of two 55 W solar panels. A prototype of one design has been constructed and early testing demonstrate that is is capable of producing up to 400 L/day even at low pump efficiencies. Minor improvements are likely to substantially improve production in the near future.

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Spark, Ross L. "Developing health promotion methods in remote Aboriginal communities." Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9501.

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This thesis investigates the development and implementation of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities via the Kimberley Aboriginal Health Promotion Project (KAHPP), a project funded under a grant from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services and conducted by the School of Public Health at Curtin University of Technology. The aim of the project was to investigate the effectiveness of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities and to develop structures for implementing effective Aboriginal health promotion programs.There were three main research components in this study: an assessment of health indicators; an assessment of the intervention impact; and an assessment of the media component of the intervention. The research methodology included the development of a culturally appropriate survey instrument and the conduct of cross-sectional surveys of three remote Aboriginal communities with differing historical circumstances in the Kimberley region. The questionnaire and field study methods were piloted in 1990 and the main study conducted in 1991 1[superscript].A health promotion intervention was conducted based on an approach originally developed in the Northern Territory 2[superscript]. The intervention employed community development and mass media strategies. Community members nominated health issues that they wished to address, from which 'storyboards' were created for health promotion advertisements to appear on remote television on a paid schedule 3[superscript]. Representative random samples of adult males and females from three remote Aboriginal communities were surveyed according to a range of attitudinal and behavioural health indicators. A post-test survey assessed media reach and impact and pre-post surveys assessed relevant changes in the communities.The cross-sectional survey ++
of health indicators found differences between communities in terms of self-assessed health and risk behaviours. These are discussed in terms of the historical differences between communities and with respect to each community's current situation. Respondents from all communities rated environmental factors as important in their contribution to health, and generally more so than individual lifestyle behaviours.The study demonstrated that television has the potential to reach the vast majority of Aboriginal people in remote communities in the Kimberley. There was some indication that participation in the development of advertisements was associated with higher recognition and more positive assessments of that advertisement. No significant differences in selected indicators of community 'empowerment' were detected following the intervention.The thesis methodology has contributed to the development of a set of guidelines for the conduct of survey research in remote Aboriginal communities, 4[superscript] and has guided the formation of Aboriginal health promotion units in Western Australia and elsewhere.1. Spark R, Binns C, Laughlin D, Spooner C, Donovan RJ. Aboriginal people's perceptions of their own and their community's health: results of a pilot study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1992; 2(2):60-61.2. Spark R, Mills P. Promoting Aboriginal health on television in the Northern Territory: a bicultural approach. Drug Education Journal of Australia 1988; 2 (3):191-198.3. Spark R, Donovan RJ, Howat P. Promoting health and preventing injury in remote Aboriginal communities: a case study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1991; 1(2):10-16.4. Donovan RJ, Spark. R. Towards guidelines for conducting survey research in remote Aboriginal communities. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997; 21:89-94.

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Alam, Muddasser. "Enabling cooperative and negotiated energy exchange in remote communities." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366694/.

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Energy poverty at the household level is defined as the lack of access to electricity and reliance on the traditional use of biomass for cooking, and is a serious hindrance to economic and social development. It is estimated that 1.3 billion people live without access to electricity and almost 2.7 billion people rely on biomass for cooking, a majority of whom live in small communities scattered over vast areas of land (mostly in the Sub-Saharan Africa and the developing Asia). Access to electricity is a serious issue as a number of socio-economic factors, from health to education, rely heavily on electricity. Recent initiatives have sought to provide these remote communities with off-grid renewable microgeneration infrastructure such as solar panels, and electric batteries. At present, these resources (i.e., microgeneration and storage) are operated in isolation for individual home needs, which results in an inefficient and costly use of resources, especially in the case of electric batteries which are expensive and have a limited number of charging cycles. We envision that by connecting homes together in a remote community and enabling energy exchange between them, this microgeneration infrastructure can be used more efficiently. Against this background, in this thesis we investigate the methods and processes through which homes in a remote community can exchange energy. We note that remote communities lack general infrastructure such as power supply systems (e.g., the electricity grid) or communication networks (e.g., the internet), that is taken for granted in urban areas. Taking these challenges into account and using insights from knowledge domains such game theory and multi-agent systems, we present two solutions: (i) a cooperative energy exchange solution and (ii) a negotiated energy exchange solution, in order to enable energy exchange in remote communities. Our cooperative energy exchange solution enables connected homes in a remote community to form a coalition and exchange energy. We show that such coalition a results in two surpluses: (i) reduction in the overall battery usage and (ii) reduction in the energy storage losses. Each agents's contribution to the coalition is calculated by its Shapley value or, by its approximated Shapley value in case of large communities. Using real world data, we empirically evaluate our solution to show that energy exchange: (i) can reduce the need for battery charging (by close to 65%) in a community; compared with when they do not exchange energy, and (ii) can improve the efficient use of energy (by up to 10% under certain conditions) compared with no energy exchange. Our negotiated energy exchange solution enables agents to negotiate directly with each other and reach energy exchange agreements. Negotiation over energy exchange is an interdependent multi-issue type of negotiation that is regarded as very difficult and complex. We present a negotiation protocol, named Energy Exchange Protocol (EEP), which simplifies this negotiation by restricting the offers that agents can make to each other. These restrictions are engineered such that agents, negotiation under the EEP, have a strategy profile in subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. We show that our negotiation protocol is tractable, concurrent, scalable and leads to Pareto-optimal outcomes (within restricted the set of offers) in a decentralised manner. Using real world data, we empirically evaluate our protocol and show that, in this instance, a society of agents can: (i) improve the overall utilities by 14% and (ii) reduce their overall use of the batteries by 37%, compared to when they do not exchange energy.

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Nair, Jaya. "A bacteriological test for drinking water in remote communities." Thesis, Nair, Jaya (2000) A bacteriological test for drinking water in remote communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52401/.

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Drinking water quality monitoring in remote areas should be viewed in a different way than in metropolitan areas, for many reasons. In remote areas around the world people use treated and untreated water for domestic purposes. Although there are many chances that the water in these systems could become polluted, the water is seldom tested for microbial quality. The criteria for what can be considered the most suitable indicator organism should be different in remote areas and in developing countries where facilities for microbial analyses are limited. Emphasis needs to be given to indicators which are easy to detect, and to testing methods that are simple to perform. Complicated testing procedures would totally prevent the testing of drinking water totally in such areas. The hypothesis behind this project is that the H2S method which was developed by Manja et al. (1982), meets the criteria for a good testing method in remote areas. This method is based on the detection of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the drinking water sample in contrast to standard methods which are based on the detection of coliform bacteria. The main significance of the project is that the H2S method if found reliable would facilitate regular testing of drinking water in remote areas throughout the world at very little expense. This could lead to the early detection of any contamination thereby improving the health of the people. Since local people could conduct the test it would help to create awareness of the need for clean drinking water and improve the hygiene of people in remote areas. A literature review was conducted to analyse the need for an on-site bacteriological water testing method and to examine how efficient the currently used methods are for detecting faecal contamination of drinking water in developed and developing countries. The available literature was also examined to develop criteria for an indicator organism suitable for remote areas. In addition a review was conducted into present understanding of the H2S method. In order to test whether the H2S method met the criteria for detecting pathogens in samples, experiments were conducted to test the method s efficiency for detecting Salmonella typhimurium, a common pathogen in drinking water. Similarly the efficiency for detecting another common enteric bacteria, Citrobacter freundii was also studied. Since the availability of power and laboratory facilities are limited in remote areas, the temperature range and the incubation period required by the method to detect contamination were studied. This was to test whether the H2S method would work without incubators. Trials were conducted with modified H2S media to try to detect lower levels of contamination and reduce the incubation period. While conducting experiments to test whether the SRB are consistently present in human faeces, by comparing the H2S method with the coliform method using faeces samples, it was observed that about 18% of the samples lacked coliform bacteria in detectable amounts. It was concluded that if drinking water is contaminated with such a faecal sample, the contamination could go undetected if faecal conforms are used as indicator organisms. The H2S method was not able to detect contamination at higher dilutions of faeces where low numbers of SRB would be present. The reason for the poor performance of the H2S method was attributed to the predominance of methanogenic bacteria over SRB and/or the influence of illness and diet on the human intestinal microflora. The correlation of the H2S method with the membrane Faecal Coliform method (mFC method) in detecting the presence of spiked raw sewage in drinking water was also observed to be low at lower levels of faecal coliforms. Also the correlation was found to be different with the effluent from two sewage treatment plants. A variation in the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria and the influence of illness and diets on the human intestinal microflora is tentatively postulated as a reason for this difference. Testing various sources of treated and untreated water supplies revealed that the H2S method could be used as a screening test for drinking water. The absence of false negative results compared to the presence of total coliforms at coliform count of <10CFU/100mL indicated that the H2S method is a good test for microbial contamination in developing countries where the acceptable level of total coliforms is <10MPN/100mL. The conclusion in regard to the hypothesis is that the H2S method could be a useful screening test for microbial quality of drinking water in remote areas. However the comparison of the H2S method with the faecal coliform method was found to have some deficiencies. Due to the low numbers of faecal coliforms in many faecal samples it is concluded that comparison of a new method with such an indicator organism might not be valid. Further work is therefore required to assess the reason for the low levels of faecal coliforms, and whether it is related to health, diet or hereditary factors.

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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (2001) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52404/.

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The need for desalination to provide drinking water of acceptable standards has been established. A review of desalination techniques suggests that solar powered reverse osmosis with energy recovery is likely to satisfy the widest range of applications in inland Australia and elsewhere. Of the energy recovery techniques, the 'flow-regulated' approach appears well suited to remote applications, because it maintains its set recovery ratio regardless of insolation levels, and starts and stops automatically at sunrise and sunset. Operating and capital costs of units needs to be minimised and operational flexibility maximised for wide application in remote areas. This project aimed to develop, produce and test a low cost solar powered desalinator that was portable, reliable and flexible. The thesis describes the theoretical and practical development of a production model through the four prototypes. The prototypes were tested to determine the performance of a variety of membranes, the efficiency of the pumps and energy recovery system, and the water slippage of valves and seals. The available energy from the two-panel tracking array was also assessed. A model which describes the hydraulics of 'flow-regulated' energy recovery systems was developed and incorporated in a spreadsheet program and used to assess the performance of the prototypes. The relevance of all the variable components affecting fresh water production can be assessed through graphically presented results from the spreadsheet. A production model solar powered desalinator capable of 400 L/day from a 120 W peak array has been developed as a result of the project. The flow-regulated approach to energy recovery appears to work well in the field and may be contributing to the maintenance of high water production rates at all sites without resorting to chemical pretreatment or frequent cleaning. High pulsation rates and low feed flow rates through large diameter spiral wound membranes do not appear to adversely affect membrane life at the low pressures used in these machines. Further research is required to monitor the long term reliability and running costs of these machines, their degree of acceptance in remote communities, and their ability to maintain the quality of product water to acceptable standards.

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Jackson, Melissa. "Transformative Community Water Governance in Remote Australian Indigenous Communities." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406052.

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Governing water systems to address issues of safety, security and sustainability and to build resilient communities is a key policy focus globally, as climate change and human impacts on freshwater resources are being increasingly felt. Yet, in remote Indigenous community contexts, Western management systems tend to focus on technical and engineering aspects of water services, often excluding Indigenous people from decisions about their own water resources. Unsustainable and inadequate water services have resulted that constrain local economic development and contribute to poor health and high mortality rates of Indigenous peoples. Sustainable water governance approaches are recognised as important to address such issues, but the pace and scale of uptake has been slow. Transformative governance is an emerging field of research and praxis that has potential to support scaling up sustainable water outcomes, however, very limited empirical or theoretical studies exist from which to guide action, particularly at the community scale, or in remote Indigenous community contexts. Focusing on remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia as a study setting, this thesis aims to explore Transformative Community Water Governance (TCWG) as an approach for practice and consider how it can be applied to contribute to sustainable and resilient remote Indigenous communities. Through a pragmatic and transdisciplinary lens, three objectives are addressed: 1) identify key concepts and principles for TCWG and assess current water governance arrangements and processes in remote Indigenous Australia; 2) develop an evidencebased framework for TCWG appropriate for application to remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; 3) apply the conceptual TCWG framework in a remote Indigenous community context to identify lessons for practice. Employing mixed methods, the exploratory study identified key concepts and principles for TCWG and assessed current practice in remote Australia in relation to these. The findings reveal limited uptake in practice of processes that could support longer-term transformative sustainability outcomes. Barriers that prevent transformative governance being adopted are also identified across five categories: governance arrangements and processes; economic and financial; capacity, skills education and employment; data and information; and cultural values and norms. Enablers that can support transformative community water governance in this context are also identified. These findings provide the foundation for design of a novel TCWG framework applicable to remote Indigenous Australia. Key components of the framework include a guiding vision, five foundational principles to guide planning and action, an eight-step process for implementation, together with knowledge sharing activities across communities and regions. These components in combination create a comprehensive framework to guide community water governance for transformative change outcomes across communities and the water sector. Moving beyond conceptual research, the TCWG framework was applied through participatory action research in the remote community of Masig in the Torres Strait Islands (Australia), providing lessons for practice. Activities included installation, monitoring and feedback on household water use from high-resolution smart water meters, household end-use survey and in-depth interviews with community and other stakeholders. The action research demonstrated how technocratic management approaches occur, are reinforced and impact on communities at the local scale resulting in outcomes that do not fit the local conditions. For example on Masig, continued focus and investments in centralised water treatment ignores community member preferences for drinking rainwater, which is often untreated, over mains water; imposition of water restrictions increase health risks from storing water for use during the day; while existing strengths within the community that could support longterm sustainable water outcomes are generally not considered in water decisions. A co-designed household water demand management trial also resulted in a 39% reduction in water use over the research period, demonstrating that a coordinated and educative approach can be more effective than ‘stick’ approaches, at least in the shortterm, building a foundation for long-term change. The overall thesis findings suggest that there is significant potential for a TCWG approach to improve outcomes for sustainable, resilient communities and water systems at the local level and for scaling up on a larger scale. Recommendations are provided based on the research findings, for embedding this approach into governance institutions and supporting capacity building within the water governance system. Considerations for scaling up the TCWG approach across diverse community contexts, such as Pacific Island communities, and post-colonial settler nations such as New Zealand, Canada and the United States are also identified.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Nguyen, Ngoc TB. "Human Trafficking Crime Awareness Among Remote Communities in Central Vietnam." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6634.

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Human trafficking crime is rising globally at an alarming rate, and Vietnam is one of the nations with the highest prevalence of trafficking female victims for forced sex services and forced marriages. This study explored human trafficking awareness in remote communities of central Vietnam and the factors for young girls dropping out of school for work at an early age. The study also investigated the link between gender inequality and the child labor problem in these communities. There is no extant empirical research pertaining to human trafficking awareness in the remote communities of central Vietnam. This research fills this gap and highlights the importance of awareness strategies to combat human trafficking. Gender inequality, human motivation theory, vulnerability, and victimology provided theoretical constructs to explain the findings of this research study. The data collection process was conducted through semistructured face-to-face interviews with 19 villagers, mothers of the child labor victims, teachers, human services workers, members of the Vietnam Women's Union, and village leaders in the research sites. The coding technique was used for the data analysis process. Participants had (a) little knowledge about human trafficking crime; (b) no awareness of the ramifications; and (c) the effects of a culture of gender inequality on the lives of people in the remote communities of central Vietnam. Findings of this study have implications for assisting policy makers and law enforcement officials and offer guidance that may help to protect people in the communities and bring offenders to justice. The findings also encourage the Vietnamese government to bridge the gender inequality divide so that young girls in these remote communities can achieve an equal voice and equal justice that they deserve.

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Stewart, Joanne. "Assets and aspirations: Carbon management opportunities in remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Stewart, Joanne (2016) Assets and aspirations: Carbon management opportunities in remote indigenous communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35016/.

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Two current pressing global challenges, climate change due to anthropogenic carbon emissions and poverty, are inextricably intertwined. In Australia these two issues are particularly pertinent. The nation is one of the highest per capita carbon emitters in the world, and despite being one of the most developed, the socio-economic disadvantage of its Indigenous peoples continues. This thesis provides a contribution to the dual fields of resilient and sustainable community development and climate change mitigation, with a sub-focus on asset-based assessment models for enabling community-directed low-carbon development in remote Indigenous communities. The remaining socio-economic disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians has revealed a need for an alternative approach to the past policy incrementalism that focuses on issues and needs, and improved engagement with remote communities. Therefore, an asset-based model, the Resilient Community and Livelihood Asset Integration Model (ReCLAIM), with a focus on aspirations and a continuous participatory appraisal cycle was developed for application with a community Advisory Committee. The six-step decision support model was applied, via a series of workshops, with two remote Indigenous communities to assist their selection of goal-oriented carbon management strategies. The application of the model identified the existing and aspirational assets of the communities, their current carbon emission profiles, the carbon management strategies they preferred for their settlement areas, the modelled outcomes and implementation plans. The carbon profiles and strategies selected differed between the two communities highlighting the need for a community-directed approach to understanding the drivers of carbon emissions, removals and mitigation responses. Economic benefits were highlighted with expected cost savings to communities and service providers. The model could be adapted to a variety of contexts including urban municipalities or remote villages in developing countries.

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Petersen, Kim Jorja. "Sustainability of Remote Aboriginal Art Centres in Australian Desert Communities." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1170.

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This PhD thesis investigates and analyses the functions and business practices that underpin the sustainability and performance of remote Aboriginal Art Centre Cooperatives. The thesis draws extensively on the work of Mazzarol et al (2011a; 2011b; 2012a; 2012b; 2012c) and develops a new culturally appropriate Combined Framework for use as a research tool that enables a systematic analysis of the sustainability of remote Aboriginal Art Centres.

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Leibovitch, Randazzo Michael. "Land-Based Food Initiatives in Two Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35714.

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The purpose of this thesis is to describe the harvesting and dietary practices of two rural and remote Indigenous communities. The ethnographic methods of participant observations and semi-structured interviews availed an abundance of rich and detailed data that allowed for a clear understanding of the barriers these two communities face when accessing food. This is an articled-based thesis containing three parts. Part one is composed of a literature review that describes the barriers that have contributed to food insecurity problems in Indigenous communities. It finishes with a chapter dedicated to defining the postcolonial theoretical perspective and describing how and why it was employed during this research process. The postcolonial perspective was chosen to best understand the historical forces that caused food insecurity in Indigenous communities and justify my position as a non-indigenous researcher in the field of Indigenous health. The second part of the thesis is made up of two articles. Article one will describe the current situation of food access challenges and responses in Canada, more specifically in two rural and remote First Nations communities. The article illustrates how both First Nations are experiencing challenges obtaining healthy food from the market and from the land. The article describes what is involved in acquiring food in both communities, and the responses each community is taking to increase food access. The article concludes by pointing out how these initiatives are building more than just food capacity and why they deserve greater external support. The second article is focused solely in the community of Wapekeka, and is entitled The Cost of Local Food Procurement in One Northern Rural and Remote Indigenous Community. The purpose of the article is to provide a specific example of building local food capacity as strategy to address food insecurity. It documents the costs associated with traditional food procurement and compares these costs against the price of food available in the store. The final component of the thesis is the overall conclusion, highlighting the belief that the findings presented in this thesis will promote and emphasize the importance of land-based food initiatives as a way to foster positive health outcomes for all Indigenous peoples.

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Prescott, Trevor Jake-David. "Assessment of Freshwater Mussel Communities of Small Stream Mouths Along Lake Erie." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1395489064.

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Ramirez, Ricardo. "Rural and remote communities harnessing information and communication technology for community development." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56291.pdf.

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Clavier, Juan. "Integration of renewable energy and storage in remote communities: an economic assessment." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121542.

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This thesis investigates the economic benefits derived from the integration of photovoltaic panels, energy storage systems and demand response systems into diesel-powered remote communities. The work addresses two issues associated with isolated grids: (1) the monetization of benefits as a consequence of operational improvements (2) the optimal utilization of storage and photovoltaic panels in diesel-powered grids. An evaluation of such changes from a long-term planning perspective is presented in the form of an economic benefit assessment tool. The developed methodology assesses the impacts on the financial flows of the incorporation of storage and demand response systems for two cases: a diesel-powered grid and a PV-diesel grid. The study, a cost-benefit analysis, highlights a set of benefits and incurred costs from the perspective of remote communities' stakeholders. The primary goal of the proposed systems is to reduce diesel consumption and thus improve the profitability of a remote community electricity production system.
Cette étude explore les avantages économiques résultant de l'intégration de panneaux photovoltaïques, de systèmes de stockage d'énergie et de systèmes de gestion de la demande dans des communautés isolées, où l'alimentation électrique se fait par générateur diesel. Ce travail porte sur deux aspects fondamentaux du réseau isolée: (1) la monétisation des avantages obtenus des améliorations opérationnelles; (2) l'utilisation optimale du stockage et de panneaux photovoltaïques dans les réseaux fonctionnant au diesel. Pour ce faire, un outil d'évaluation est présenté afin de mesurer les impacts de cette approche dans une perspective de planification à long terme. La méthodologie développée évalue les impacts sur les flux financiers résultant de l'intégration des systèmes de stockage et des systèmes de gestion de la demande pour deux études de cas: un système à génération diesel et un système PV-diesel. L'étude, axée sur une analyse de coûts-bénéfices, met en évidence une série d'avantages et de coûts du point de vue des parties prenantes des collectivités isolées. Les mises en oeuvre ont pour objectif principal de réduire la consommation de diesel du système et d'améliorer ainsi la rentabilité des systèmes de production d'électricité des collectivités isolées.

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Yee, Susan 1966. "Building communities for design education : using telecommunication technology for remote collaborative learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8749.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 277-280).
The design studio, as both a learning environment and a social place, is one of the major components of architectural education. Traditionally, the studio has been considered a place for individual design work and one-on-one mentoring between an instructor and a student. With the integration of new information and telecommunication technologies, the nature of the design studio and the learning processes within it are being altered. This new landscape of the design studio offers opportunities for globally distributed collaborative work as well as new interpretations of design processes and studio practices. The technologies and the studio system are interwoven and their symbiotic relationships need to be understood if these technology-mediated long-distance collaborative design studios are to be common, valuable, and creative occurrences in architectural education. In this study, the consequences of integrating telecommunication technologies into the design studio are examined through ten cases. The new studios involve multidisciplinary design participants from separate and distant physical and social environments that are electronically connected for sharing design ideas, creating a common understanding of design practices, and co-constructing design objects. With technology use, changes occur in the studio's participants and relationships, the design content and processes, and the events and organization. I argue that the changes to the studio can create an enriched environment for design learning. The successive case studies represent a dynamic pedagogic strategy in which both students and teachers are active participants in constructing their new technology-mediated learning environment through creative experimentation. The findings of these cases provide a comprehensive description of the technical and social characteristics, conditions, and practices of remote collaborative design studios. In these new virtual design studios, there are rich opportunities for building innovative and effective communities for design education in which the traditional boundaries of time, culture, language, discipline, and institution are blurred and new configurations for design learning become possible.
by Susan Yee.
Ph.D.

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Cherrington, Emil. "Towards ecologically consistent remote sensing mapping of tree communities in French Guiana:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-222860.

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Tropical forests, which provide important ecosystem functions and services, are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This has resulted in an urgent need to understand tree species diversity of those forests. Where knowledge of that diversity is largely from the botanical surveys and local ecological studies, data must inevitably be up-scaled from point observations to the landscape and regional level if a holistic perspective is required. This thesis explores aspects of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of canopy reflectance patterns over the forests of French Guiana, in order to assess whether this information could help defining an ecologically consistent forest typology. To gain insight into both the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of French Guiana’s forests, instrumental artefacts affecting the satellite data first had to be addressed. Data used in this study represent the spectral response of forest canopies, and the way in which such data are captured makes them susceptible to the ‘bi-directional reflectance distribution function’ (BRDF). BRDF indicates that objects do not reflect light in equal proportions in all directions (isotropically). Thus, forest canopies will reflect light anisotropically depending on factors including canopy roughness, leaf optical properties and inclination, and the position of the sun relative to the sensor. The second chapter of this thesis examines how BRDF affects the canopy reflectance of forests in French Guiana, and how not correcting for BRDF affects spectral classifications of those forests. When monthly reflectance data corrected for the artefact are examined, these suggest seasonally-occurring changes in forest structure or spectral properties of French Guiana’s forests. The third chapter of this thesis thus examines temporal effects of BRDF, and used cross-regional comparisons and plot-level radiative transfer modelling to seek to understand the drivers of the monthly variation of the forests’ canopy reflectance. For the latter, the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model was used along with aerial laser scanning (ALS) observations over different forest structures, indicating that the observed variation in reflectance (and derivatives known as vegetation indices) could not be explained by monthly variations in solar direction. At the regional scale, it was also demonstrated that forests in the Guiana Shield possess temporal variation distinct from forests in central Africa or northern Borneo, forests also lying just above the Equator. Had the observed temporal variation in vegetation indices been the result of BRDF, it would have been expected that the forests in the three zones would have similar patterns of variation, which they did not. Central African forests appear to have their greening synchronized with rainfall, whereas forests in the Guianas appear synchronized with the availability of solar radiation. Further analysis of the vegetation index time-series of observations also indicated that different types of forests in French Guiana possess distinct patterns of temporal variation, suggesting that tropical forest types can be discriminated on the basis of their respective “temporal signatures.” That was exploited in the fourth chapter of the thesis, which maps forests in French Guiana based on their combined spatio-temporal canopy reflectance patterns and by so doing presents a novel way of addressing forest typology, based on ecologically meaningful information. The thesis presented demonstrates that it is possible to adequately address remote sensing data artefacts to examine patterns of spatial and temporal variation in tropical forests. It has shown that phenological patterns of tropical rainforests can be deduced from remote sensing data, and that forest types can be mapped based on spatio-temporal canopy reflectance patterns. It is thus an important contribution to understand the ecology of tropical forests in French Guiana and to improve the toolbox of scientists dealing with the identification of spatio-temporal patterns observable in forests at the landscape level.

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Husband, Laurie. "Place attachment among older adults living in northern remote communities in Canada /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2362.

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Anda, Martin. "Technologists in remote Aboriginal communities : a regional approach for community-building technology." Thesis, Anda, Martin ORCID: 0000-0001-7398-4192 (1998) Technologists in remote Aboriginal communities : a regional approach for community-building technology. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/22686/.

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This study developed from technical research and development of an ablutions facility for remote Aboriginal communities by the author. The poor state of environmental health and essential services in these communities were the inspiration for the study and are described in the context of current and emerging approaches to service delivery in Western Australia. The fieldwork associated with the deployment of the ablutions facility provided the opportunity to conduct research into these approaches by technologists and has resulted in both the evaluation of the ablutions facility and formulation of Appropriate Technology approaches to service delivery using grounded theory methodology. Contained within the ablutions facility, known as the Remote Area Hygiene Facility (RAHF), were several discrete technologies also under development by the author and associates: a plastic solar water heater, a pour-flush toilet and an evapotranspiration wastewater disposal system. The technical appropriateness of these artefacts was assessed through action research trials in Aboriginal town camps and there were both successes and failures in this dimension of technology-practice. The structural design of the RAHF changed considerably over the period to meet the requirements of the users. The trials found that the solar water heater was able to function as required in the short term, but further development was required to provide suitable plastic components for continuous operation at high temperatures and under ultraviolet irradiation. The pour-flush toilet met all of its technical objectives, but further development was required to produce a durable, low-flush cistern. The evapotranspiration trench performed entirely satisfactorily and was thereafter implemented at other sites throughout Western Australia. The fieldwork combined with a review of Appropriate Technology, community development and aid projects in developing countries inspired a concept to address the social and cultural dimensions of technology-practice: Community-building Technology. Community-building Technology is a simultaneous process of service delivery and empowerment which introduces technology to a community by means of training programs, community participation in construction projects, or cultural activities. One RAHF project was able to validate this concept. As a result of the fieldwork becoming an exercise in service delivery the establishment of regional, Appropriate Technology, training and manufacturing centres was attempted. One centre was established, but the attempt was unsuccessful at the other two sites. Additional fieldwork was conducted by the author to determine the requirements for regional technology information services. This ongoing work with remote Aboriginal communities motivated the development of two further concepts complementary to the first: Community Technology and Regional Technology. The former required the establishment of an ensemble of integrated technologies within a community and could not be validated within the scope of the study. However, some legitimacy could be shown for the latter through a review of approaches in central Australia, the aspirations of some regional organisations in WA, and the successful establishment of the Remote Area Technology Centre as a regional Appropriate Technology agency. Finally, the strength of these three concepts was found to be as components of an integrated framework for sustainable service delivery, management, and maintenance in remote Aboriginal communities which combined the resources of a number of communities in a region. This improved mode of technology-practice, the integrated framework, is termed Regional Technology.

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Olovsson, Rebecka, and Amanda Öhman. "Social workers in small communities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-147994.

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Sammanfattning Denna kvalitativa undersökning handlar om hur yrkesverksamma socionomer upplever arbetet med utsatta människor i mindre samhällen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur det kan vara att jobba inom det sociala arbetet på mindre orter och de olika omständigheter, fördelar och utmaningar det kan innebära. Undersökningen genomfördes på sex socionomer i mindre kommuner för att ta reda på hur de upplever och uttrycker sitt arbete utifrån aspekter som etiska riktlinjer, sekretess, anonymitet och lokalkännedom. I studien användes tidigare forskning på området och de teoretiska utgångspunkter studien utgått ifrån är systemteori och ekosystemteori. Författarna av studien använde ett målinriktat urval för att få tag i intervjupersoner som arbetar i kommuner i Norr och Västerbotten med en befolkning från 2000 upp till 12 000 invånare. Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer var den datainsamlingsmetod som användes i undersökningen. Intervjuerna analyserades därefter med tematisk analys. Slutsatsen från undersökningen visar att intervjupersonerna upplevde att det sociala arbetet i mindre samhällen kan ha vissa specifika egenskaper, fördelar och utmaningar till skillnad från arbetet i större städer. Aspekter som etik, sekretess, anonymitet och lokalkännedom kan vara svårare att förhålla sig till och de kan påverka arbetet och utövningen i mindre samhällen.

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Hoy, D. "A load profile study and hybrid power system design for remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Hoy, D. (2016) A load profile study and hybrid power system design for remote indigenous communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36715/.

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Yan, Koh Bid. "Solar Powered Electro-Dialysis : a means of treating brackish waters in remote communities." Thesis, Yan, Koh Bid (1988) Solar Powered Electro-Dialysis : a means of treating brackish waters in remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1988. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38368/.

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Water is a basic essential for every human being. In many remote parts of Western Australia, the water quality often ranges from brackish to saline. The provision of a safe and reliable water supply is essential for every community to avoid the spread of water-borne diseases and to provide the foundation for a satisfactory standard of living. The conventional water supply system is a means of providing a safe and reliable water. However, due to the diseconomies of small scale, many small remote communities are not able to enjoy the benefits provided by the conventional water supply system. This thesis is an attempt to design a solar powered electrodialysis reversal (S.P.E.D.) desalination system suitable for application in small remote communities. Two designs were presented -- the Indirectly-coupled S.P.E.D. and the Directly-coupled S.P.E.D. systems. In the Indirectly-coupled S.P.E.D. system, solar energy is collected and stored in battery bank to enable the system to operate throughout the 24 hour day. In the Directly-coupled S.P.E.D. system, the solar panel array is directly coupled to the electrodialysis unit. Such a system operates only when the sun shines. The S.P.E.D. systems proposed in this thesis compare favourably, in terms of energy consumption, to two reverse osmosis systems of similar capacity. Though the proposed designs may just be a dream, an illusion at this present moment, it is hoped that they will have the opportunity to materialize in the near future for there is potential for them to become a means of treating brackish waters in remote communities.

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Dema, Tshering. "Engaging remote communities in technology design for connecting people to and through nature." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211484/1/Tshering_Dema_Thesis.pdf.

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Dominant citizen science paradigms to support species conservation typically rely on large, distributed populations to gather or analyse data. Engagement approaches are primarily utilitarian and individualistic. This dissertation rethinks the way we engage citizens and communities to combat the problem of species loss. Long-term socio-technical design research was carried out focusing on the critically endangered, White-bellied Heron in remote communities of Bhutan. The thesis contributes practical design outcomes, a co-design method that emphasizes “network of relations” and findings from a long-term technology trial. It shifts design foci towards ‘stewardship beyond monitoring’ with a holistic view to enhancing nature engagement.

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Buchtmann, Lydia, and n/a. "Digital songlines : the adaption of modern communication technology at Yuendemu, a remote Aboriginal Community in Central Australia." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060619.162428.

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During the early 1980s the Warlpiri at Yuendemu, a remote Aboriginal community in Central Australia, began their own experiments in local television and radio production. This was prior to the launch of the AUSSAT satellite in 1985 which brought broadcast television and radio to remote Australia for the first time. There was concern amongst remote Aboriginal communities, as well as policy makers, that the imposition of mass media without consultation could result in permanent damage to Aboriginal culture and language. As a result, a policy review 'Out of the Silent Land' was published in 1985 and from that developed the Broadcasting in Remote Aboriginal Communities Scheme (BRACS) which allowed communities to receive radio and television from the satellite. BRACS also provided the option to turn off mainstream media and insert locally produced material. This study of the Warlpiri at Yuendemu has found that, since the original experiments, they have enthusiastically used modern communication technology including radio, video making, locally produced television, and, more recently, on-line services. The Warlpiri have adapted rather than adopted the new technology. That is they have used modern communications technology within existing cultural patterns to strengthen their language and culture rather than to replace traditional practices and social structures. The Warlpiri Media Association has inspired other remote broadcasters and is now one of eight remote media networks that link to form a national network via the National Indigenous Media Association of Australia. The Warlpiri have actively adapted modern communication technology because it is to their advantage. The new technology has been used to preserve culture and language, to restore, and possibly improve, traditional communications and to provide employment and other opportunities for earning income. It appeals to all age groups, especially the elders who have retained control over broadcasts and it also provides entertainment.

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Gatsha, Godson. "Learning support perceptions and experiences of remote distance learners from marginalised communities in Botswana /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04242010-194233.

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Kelley, Leah C. (Leah Camille). "Model based prognostic maintenance as applied to small scale PVRO systems for remote communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100127.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-147).
Many systems degrade as functions of their operation and require maintenance to extend their productivity. When operating under steady conditions, prescheduled maintenance can be used to ensure such systems meet their required levels of productivity at lowest cost. However, using pre-scheduled maintenance on systems that degrade as functions of their operation under uncertain, varying conditions will not guarantee that they meet their productivity at lowest cost. They require maintenance schedules that accommodate changes in their operating conditions and degradation. This research develops a prognostic maintenance methodology that ensures a system degrading with its operation under variable, uncertain operating conditions meets its desired productivity at the lowest cost. An example of a degrading system under variable, uncertain operating conditions is a photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis (PVRO) desalination system. PVRO desalination can provide drinking water to remote communities in sunny areas with saline water sources. Such systems produce clean water and degrade as functions of their operating conditions, including solar radiation, water chemistry and community demand. These conditions are not constant, but vary stochastically. Maintenance (system flushing and cleaning) will extend a PVRO system's productivity, but requires time, chemicals and use of the clean product water. Hence, it has a substantial impact on the total cost of water production and should be adjusted in response to variations in operation. The community members who generally operate and maintain PVRO systems do not have the training or experience to determine the best type and timing of maintenance to ensure their water demand is met at lowest cost, and require a method to do so. Here, prognostic maintenance methodology is developed and applied to community-scale PVRO desalination. Degradation (fouling) and remediation (cleaning) of the RO membrane have the largest impact on the system productivity and water cost, and hence are the focus of this study. Fouling and cleaning are complex functions of water chemistry and system operation. Physics-based mathematical models of fouling and cleaning rely on two critical unknown parameters: fouling rate and cleaning effectiveness. They can be determined using system identification methods in real time, using measurements of the PVRO feed water pressure and clean water production rates. The identified fouling and cleaning models are combined with statistical models of the expected future PV power and community water demand to predict the type and timing of future maintenance procedures. The maintenance protocols are adjusted in real time in response to changes in identified fouling. The prognostic algorithm developed here is suitable for implementation on a PVRO system's embedded microcontroller. Case studies presented here show that the prognostic maintenance methodology provides non-expert operators with near optimal maintenance protocols when compared with conventional periodic scheduling, especially under varying degradation, solar radiation and demand. In this example study, annual maintenance happens to be nearly optimal, so the prognostic maintenance algorithm produces a nearly annual cleaning schedule that minimizes maintenance costs. Since the statistical nature of this example prevents demand from being met 100% of the time, the prognostic maintenance method is used to minimize cost and water loss. On average, following the prognostic maintenance protocol results in less than 4% loss of water over a 5-year period at lowest cost. Although developed in the domain of PVRO, the prognostic maintenance methodology developed here is anticipated to be applicable to other systems that degrade as functions of their operation, including machine systems, vehicle fleets and transportation networks.
by Leah C. Kelley.
Ph. D.

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Khajeddin, Sayed Jamaleddin. "A survey of the plant communities of the Jazmorian, Iran, using Landsat MSS data." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320549.

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Dwyer, Anna I. "Understanding police-Indigenous relations in remote and rural Australia: Police perspectives." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121455/2/Anna_Dwyer_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examined police and Indigenous relations in rural and remote contexts in Australia which historically and in contemporary times have often been contentious. Using a grounded theory approach, the police participants of this qualitative research provided insight as to how social factors such as ecological, organizational and occupational culture influenced their responses in discrete Indigenous communities. The findings revealed that ecological factors such as community dynamics and Indigenous culture heavily influenced police in how they responded to situations, more so than the influence of organizational and occupational culture. It found that ecological factors played a large role in shaping policing responses in discrete Indigenous communities.

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Parsons, David Norman. "Autism in regional and remote communities: Examining the effect of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis on regional and remote families and innovative therapies." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77525.

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This PhD project aims to address therapy service access barriers for families of children with autism spectrum disorder living in regional and remote Western Australia. Therefore the feasibility, effectiveness and appropriateness of an information communication technology based intervention, the Therapy Outcomes By Your Playpad Application were examined. The findings provide partial support for the Therapy Outcomes By Your Playpad Application as a feasible, effective and appropriate intervention for families of children with autism spectrum disorder.

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Vosloo, Arno. "Agent-based energy management system for remote community microgrid." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1188.

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thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Rural communities are often unable to access electrical energy due to their distant location away from the national grid. Renewable energy sources (RESs) make it possible to provide electrical energy to these isolated areas. Sustainable generation is possible at a local level and is not dependant on connection to a national power grid. Microgrids are small scale, stand-alone electricity networks that harness energy at its geographical location, from natural resources. These small scale power grids are either connected to a national grid or operate separately by obtaining their power from an RES. Microgrids are becoming increasingly popular because they can provide electricity, independently of the national grid. The size of microgrid systems are dependent on the amount of energy that needs to be drawn and the amount of energy that has to be stored. Mechanical and electrical system component sizes become bigger due to increased operational energy requirements. Increases in component sizes are required on growing power networks when higher current levels are drawn. Energy management of microgrids must thus be introduced to prevent overloading the power grid network and to extend the operational life of the storage batteries. Energy management systems consist of different components which are seen as operational units. Operational units are responsible for measurement, communication, decision–making and power supply switching control, to manipulate the power output to meet the energy demands. Due to the increasing popularity of DC home appliances, it is important to explore the possibility of keeping these microgrids on a DC voltage basis. Electrical generation equipment such as photovoltaic panels can be used to generate DC at designed voltage levels. The energy management system connects the user loads and generation units together to form the microgrid. The aim of this study was to carry out the design of an agent–based energy management system for rural and under-developed communities. It investigates how the control of the output of the energy management system can be carried out to service the loads. The simulations were done using the following software packages: Simulink, Matlab, and SimPowerSystems. PV sources, energy management system (EMS) and user load parameters are varied in the simulation software to observe how the control algorithm executes load shedding. A stokvel-type charge share concept is dealt with where the state-of-charge (SOC) of batteries and user consumption will determine how grid loads are managed. Load shedding within the grid is executed by monitoring energy flow and calculating how much energy is allowed to be used by each consumer. The energy management system is programmed to always provide the largest amount of energy to the consumer with the lowest energy consumption for each day. The batteries store surplus electrical energy during the day. Load shedding starts at 18:00 each day. Users will be disconnected from the grid whenever their allotted energy capacity were depleted.

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Prior, Maria E. "Added-value roles and remote communities an exploration of the contribution of health services to remote communities and of a method for measuring the contribution of institutions and individuals to community stocks of capital /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33408.

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Shelton, David. "Environmental perceptions and the homelands movement : a study of solid waste in remote aboriginal communities /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs545.pdf.

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Costa, Silvana Dunham da. "Mineworkers' quality of life in remote communities : a multiple case study in the Brazilian Amazon." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/802.

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The mining industry has long played a significant role in regional development in remote regions throughout the world. For the last two decades, the industry has faced high expectations regarding sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, particularly in remote and environmentally sensitive areas. Mining community models and mineworkers’ accommodation strategies in remote locations have varied greatly, yet there has been little documented reflection on the various models’ performance or on their implications for the quality of life (QOL) of mineworkers and their families and for the pre-existing local communities. This multidisciplinary case study research used a subjective quality of life approach to investigate the levels of satisfaction with QOL and specific aspects of QOL domains in three communities: the company town, the gate development community and the integrated community. The triangulation of data from qualitative and quantitative methods was used to examine the major QOL factors that should be taken into account by mining companies, local governments and policy makers when planning for mine development in remote areas. Findings suggest that differences exist between the mineworkers’ levels of satisfaction with specific QOL aspects and how QOL predictors are defined in distinct mining community models. Even though the case studies represent clearly different models of mining communities, in general, mineworkers in the three communities seem to be only moderately satisfied with their quality of life. It is also suggested that employees living in two almost opposite models—the company town and the gate development community—seem to have similar levels of satisfaction with overall quality of life, suggesting that the investment in infrastructure and services limited to the boundaries of the company town is not reflected in a generally improved perception of overall quality of life in this community. Findings also support the argument for an environmental and social impact assessment process for new mines in remote areas. This process should include a full and integrated consideration of the economic, environmental and social impacts of the workforce migration to remote areas and the consequent intensification of the already rapid urbanization of environmentally sensitive areas such as the Brazilian Amazon.

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Chambers, Therese Victorene. "Generation planning for small rural remote communities with the inclusion of PV and wind resources." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489507.

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Rural electrification has centred mainly on the extension of grid supplies. However, grid extensions are not always viable for some communities due to either their smals size or location. Developments in renewable energy systems have lead to increased of renewable-diesel hybrid systems to provide power to small remote communities where grid connections are not viable. The selection of the rural hybrid energy system is influenced by the load, availability of renewable resources and system operating costs.

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Alqaed, Saeed A. "Novel Application of Combined Heat and Power for Multi-Family Residences and Small Remote Communities." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1484060080437186.

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Maxia, Alessandro. "Isolated electrical microgrids employing renewable energy resources:analysis of the electrification of remote communities in Peru." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/894/.

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This project points out a brief overview of several concepts, as Renewable Energy Resources, Distributed Energy Resources, Distributed Generation, and describes the general architecture of an electrical microgrid, isolated or connected to the Medium Voltage Network. Moreover, the project focuses on a project carried out by GRECDH Department in collaboration with CITCEA Department, both belonging to Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya: it concerns isolated microgrids employing renewable energy resources in two communities in northern Peru. Several solutions found using optimization software regarding different generation systems (wind and photovoltaic) and different energy demand scenarios are commented and analyzed from an electrical point of view. Furthermore, there are some proposals to improve microgrid performances, in particular to increase voltage values for each load connected to the microgrid. The extra costs required by the proposed solutions are calculated and their effect on the total microgrid cost are taken into account; finally there are some considerations about the impact the project has on population and on people's daily life.

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Raaby, Erika. "Investigating Reflections on Social Sustainability: The Case of EU-Funded Projects in Remote Northern Communities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391036.

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There has been a general population decline in the European Arctic and northern periphery, with out-migration being one of the main drivers. The population is ageing and less able to contribute to the economic welfare. The EU has implemented a series of projects in the region in an attempt to remedy the out-migration and make the regions attractive for further investments and development. The study investigates how actors within a number of EU-funded projects perceived local social sustainability, in their communities and within their projects. It aims to gain a better understanding of what social sustainability means in northern contexts, and how EU-funded projects could improve social sustainability. Using coding inspired by the Arctic Social Indicators, the study mapped perceptions and reflections through conducting a series of interviews with actors attached to EU projects. The results show that a majority of projects potentially have had a higher impact on social sustainability than the actors reflected upon, such as the impact on cultural wellbeing that comes from improving local slow tourism, focussing on local traditions and heritage. The study also finds that transnational cooperation is perceived to be beneficial for socially sustainable outcomes with benefits including knowledge transfer and business cooperation. Transnational cooperation, however, comes with challenges such as communication issues due to language barriers, and policy difficulties when working across borders. Overall the study concludes that the EU projects are perceived to have positive outcomes on the social sustainability in northern communities. Not only did the actors perceive these EU-funded projects to be important for monetary development, but also in creating invaluable bonds between partners.

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Groves, Ronald George. "Fourth world consumer culture: Emerging consumer cultures in remote Aboriginal communities of North-Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1201.

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Over the two centuries since the arrival of European settlers in Australia, the material culture and lifestyle of the indigenous Aboriginal people of Australia has undergone dramatic change. Based on qualitative fieldwork in three remote Aboriginal communities in north-western Australia, this study examines the emergence of unique consumer cultures that appear to differ significantly from mainstream Australia and indeed from other societies. The study finds that the impact of non-indigenous goods and external cultural values upon these communities has been significant. However, although anthropologists feared some fifty years ago that Aboriginal cultural values and traditions had been destroyed, this study concludes that they are still powerful moderating forces in each of the communities studied. The most powerful are non-possessiveness, immediacy in consumption, and a strong sharing ethos. Unlike findings in the so-called Second and Third Worlds, these Fourth World consumer cultures have not developed an unquenchable desire for manufactured consumer goods. Instead, non-traditional consumption practices have been modified by tradition oriented practices. The consumer cultures that have emerged through a synthesis of global and local values and practices have involved Aboriginal adoption, adaption and resistance practices. This process has resulted in both positive and negative impacts on the Aboriginal people of these communities. Ways of dealing with the negative effects have been suggested, while the positive effects have been highlighted as examples of what can possibly be learned from Aboriginal culture. The study also finds differences between the emerging consumer cultures of each community, concluding that this can be attributed to historical and cultural differences. The main conclusion is that the development of a global consumer culture is by no means inevitable.

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Girado, Marie Bembie. "In Pursuit of Development: Conditional Cash Transfers in Two Remote Indigenous Communities in the Philippines." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26374.

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In 2007, the government of the Philippines adopted a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that provides social assistance to the country’s poorest households with attached conditions that the beneficiaries invest the cash into the health and education of their children, in line with the government’s attempt to break the cycle of intergenerational of poverty. This thesis focuses on the experiences of two remote indigenous people’s communities in the Philippines: the Pala’wan s and Salagsegs as beneficiaries of the CCT program. The thesis is based on four months of ethnographic case study investigation into the implementation of the program in the Cordillera Administrative Region, particularly in the mountainous province of Kalinga, and three months of investigation in the MIMAROPA (Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan) Region, specifically in the island of Palawan. The ethnographic research was conducted through observations and interviews of local service providers and implementers, who were responsible for program operations, and program beneficiaries from the two indigenous people’s communities, particularly the mothers and children in the households. In addition to the ethnographic research, desk-based research and archival research were done on the history of the cash transfer program in the Philippines and the history of indigenous people’s engagement with the state and market more generally. The findings were juxtaposed with other research undertaken in other parts of the world about the CCTs. The research discussed the adverse effects on beneficiaries of not incorporating into the program indigenous people’s understandings of health and education, the two areas of disbursements mandated by the program. How program conditions can often hinder the social development of indigenous peoples was also explored as well as how processes of implementation and monitoring bring indigenous people’s households more firmly under the control of the government. The thesis offers an original contribution to the growing field of social protection research, adding to it a much-needed understanding of how historically ingrained cultural biases against indigenous peoples in the Philippines inform a people’s engagement with the state and the market.

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Gwynne, Kylie. "Applying collective impact to improve health services for Aboriginal people in rural and remote communities." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16942.

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Title Applying collective impact to improve health services for Aboriginal people in rural and remote communities. Aim The aim of this thesis was to examine whether utilising a collective impact model of design, implementation and evaluation improves effectiveness and efficiency of health care services for Aboriginal Australians. Background Colonisation had a devastating impact on the culture, health, population and wellbeing of Aboriginal Australians. The impacts of colonisation are complex, long standing, entrenched and wide ranging. Collective Impact is a structured five-stage and three-phase process which facilitates community engagement in resolving highly complex or wicked problems. The purpose of this research is to determine the efficacy of utilising collective impact in the design, implementation and evaluation of health care services for Aboriginal people in Australia. Methods Mixed methods are utilised in this research including: systematic reviews; interviewer assisted surveys; semi-structured interviews; and retrospective comparison of two data sets. The data is analysed descriptively and thematically; and the retrospective comparative data is analysed quantitatively. Results and discussion Quantitative and qualitative evidence is provided in this research to support the finding that collective impact is efficacious in engaging Aboriginal people in the design, implementation and evaluation of health care services intended for them. The collective impact approach is demonstrated to result in successful, well designed programs and increase the efficacy of health services. Conclusions Collective impact is a suitable tool for health care policy makers, managers and funders to utilise to expedite progress with improving health outcomes for Aboriginal Australians. Key words Aboriginal, health outcomes, collective impact, service design, workforce development, program evaluation.

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Schultz, Christoph. "Remote sensing the distribution and spatiotemporal changes of major lichen communities in the Central Namib Desert." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978949358.

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Blakesley, Simon C. "Remote and unresearched : a contextualized study of non-Indigenous educational leaders working in Yukon Indigenous communities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24852.

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This study engages in a critical analysis of the lived experiences of non-Indigenous educational leaders working in Indigenous communities in the Yukon Territory, Canada. It sheds light on the epistemic and cross-cultural tensions underpinning much of the literature on educational leadership, and aims to address Walker and Dimmock’s (2000) concern that studies of comparative education have been generally absent from educational leadership and management, thereby limiting the available body of knowledge specific to culture and leadership. The study focuses on five questions: How do non-Indigenous Yukon principals construct their professional identity and their role as educational leaders? How do they construct their notions of educational leadership and practice? Given the Yukon’s distinct governance and policy contexts, how do they construct understandings of ‘indigeneity’ in relation to local Indigenous culture? How do they address the tensions arising at the juncture of policies imported from outside the Yukon and the Yukon Education Act (1990)? A critical ethnographic research approach is used to shed light upon these questions. Extensive semi-structured interviews with two male and two female participants in four Yukon schools are conducted. Detailed observations create unique ‘portraits’ of each school and their principals. Pertinent documents are also examined to provide further information and context. This examination suggests that non-Indigenous Yukon principals are caught at the center of micro (school), meso (community), and macro (government) operational and policy levels that powerfully shape their professional identities and their perceptions of their roles as principals. While referred to as ‘educational leaders’ by the extant body of literature and governments, they do not use this term in their identity constructions. Trapped betwixt and between their schools, communities, and government policies in a fragmented Yukon educational field, instead they refer to themselves in managerial and administrative ways as they juggle educational ends mandated by distinct, and somewhat competing, jurisdictions. This study presents another lens through which to examine educational leadership, and offers insights into the use of ethnographic methods as a powerful research tool. Based on these contributions, this study should be informative to current and future practitioners and scholars of education and educational leadership.

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McGrath, Debra. "The effectiveness of evapotranspiration systems in disposal of wastewater in remote Aboriginal communities in Northwest Australia." Thesis, McGrath, Debra (1989) The effectiveness of evapotranspiration systems in disposal of wastewater in remote Aboriginal communities in Northwest Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1989. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38440/.

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The outstation movement has resulted in the development of many new Aboriginal communities, ranging in size from small family groups to collectives of 100 or more people in remote areas of Australia. Health problems arising from ineffective waste disposal systems and lack of maintenance of existing systems are prevalent in many of the communities. In some areas of the Pilbara, the soil is extremely impermeable with high clay and silt contents causing water applied to the soil to pond on the surface. In such situations conventional septic tank/soil absorption systems frequently fail: effluent moving into the disposal field is not absorbed by the soil sufficiently rapidly to prevent rise to the surface and hence system failure occurs. The only alternative currently used in such situations is a reticulated sewerage collection system which is very costly and frequently fails due to lack of maintenance. Evapotranspiration (ET) systems could be used instead, being considerably less in cost and potentially requiring less maintenance than reticulated systems. In this study the effectiveness of ET systems in disposing of wastewater and the application of these systems to remote Aboriginal outstations was investigated. Experiments were carried out between August 1988 and March 1989 at Murdoch University. Monitoring of daily changes in water levels in watertight tanks (constructed of either concrete drainage pipes with set in bases or polyethylene drums) containing soil, grass, gravel or trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). The gravel tanks were filled to the brim with 40mm gauge crushed granite. The tanks with soil, grass and trees were filled with graded gravel above which was placed a 40cm depth of Bassendean sand. As much as possible, the water table in each tank was kept within the sand layer to allow capillarity of water to the surface to occur. The bulk density and average particle density of the sand was measured to determine the porosity, from which the actual ET from the tanks was calculated. Calibration experiments were conducted to measure the time taken for the water level to stabilise when water was added or removed from a tank. The bulk density of sand used in the study was 1.44g/cc and the particle density was 2.11 glee. From this the porosity was calculated as 0.32. Calibration experiments showed that the water level took up to six days to stabilise (to a water content of 0.91 L/cm sand in tank) when water was added down the standpipe to the tanks containing sand and even longer when added to the surface simulating rainfall. This placed the accuracy of ET determined for each lysimeter in some doubt over short periods as water was frequently added at intervals smaller than six days. Over a larger period however, water balances with an approximately constant water level in the tank gave a good estimate of ET rates. ET from bare soil and grass followed similar trends to pan evaporation rates for the same period, ranging from 30-60% of pan evaporation for soil and from 60-80% of pan evaporation for grass. ET rates increased in the tree lysimeters as the plants grew and exceeded pan evaporation rates in December and February. Evaporation from gravel filled lysimeters was low, being as little as 10% of pan evaporation at a depth to water table of 28cm. The results showed that the presence of vegetation increased water loss, indicating that soil capillarity may not be important in the functioning of an ET system that has plants growing. Gravel was not a suitable medium for sustained high ET rates. The water balance equation was used to determine the ET system sizing requirements for a given locality, where system depth was dependent upon the total storage of wastewater needed in a year and on the storage capacity of the fill material used in the disposal field. Application of the equation in designing an ET system for Punmu showed that the information that was available was pan evaporation rates, rainfall and average wastewater production figures. Information that was not available and would require collection on-site was seepage rates of the soil, and likely numbers of people present throughout the year at the outstation. Similarly, the ET rates for trees could not be determined from pan evaporation data and required further investigation. The acceptance by residents at an outstation of ET systems should also be examined - fear of snakes hiding in vegetation may perhaps cause people to pull out shrubs planted on a disposal field. In conclusion, ET systems would appear to be a suitable alternative to reticulated systems in remote communities. The arid conditions of the Pilbara favour the successful implementation of such a disposal system, provided sufficient wastewater is generated all year round to maintain vegetative growth. There should be no public health risk involved in the functioning of a system if it is designed to maintain a depth to water level in the bed of at least 20cm.

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Wraith, James A. "Assessing reef fish assemblages in a temperate marine park using baited remote underwater video." School of Biological Sciences, 2007. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/12.

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Baited remote underwater video (BRUV) is becoming an increasing popular tool for examining reef fish assemblages in depths less than 100m. This sampling technique is relatively new in the literature and several gaps remain to be filled. Scientists using this technique have selected bait based on results from trapping experiments. Therefore the first objective of the study was to compare commonly used baits and test if different fish species and fish assemblages were recorded. I planned to apply results from the first study towards further research using BRUV. Management at Jervis Bay Marine Park, located in southeast Australia, have applied a strategy to protect a comprehensive and representative sample of local habitats and associated flora and fauna. In doing so, sanctuary “no take” zones have been put in place. Surprisingly, there are no patch reefs afforded this protection. My second objective was to provide the Jervis Bay Marine Park management with baseline data on deep patch reef locations and to draw comparisons between deep patch, deep coastal, and shallow coastal reefs. I compared three different baits (pilchard, abalone, and urchin) at three locations in two separate years. A total of 63 “drops” (30 min recordings) were conducted in two years and a total of 47 species were recorded. There were no differences in the diversity and abundance of fish recorded while baited with pilchard and abalone. In contrast, in the second year of sampling I detected a greater species richness and abundance using pilchard, compared to urchin, at most locations (p<0.05). The two most speciose families recorded in the study were Labridae and Monacanthidae. These families, as well as several individual fish species, were examined but there were no significant differences in their relative abundance among bait treatments. Additionally, in the second year of sampling I detected differences in H′ and time of first arrival among locations (p<0.05). Surprisingly, large differences between the baits were greatly reduced at one location - Plantation Point. I interpret this finding as there being a high density of fish at Plantation Point that masks the differences in the attraction of these baits. I concluded that as the behaviour and structure of the fish assemblage can vary in space, pilchard was the best choice of bait for consistently detecting species richness and abundance. A total of 144 BRUV “drops” (30 min recordings) in 9 locations in 2005 and 2006 were completed in the second study. The composition of fish assemblage at shallow and deep water habitats was different (p<0.05). Indeed, depth related differences for temperate reef fish are well documented and my findings emphasise the need for the Marine Park management to maintain protection of reef habitats across abroad range of depths. I did not detect any differences in the composition of the fish assemblage or the relative abundance of fish between the two deep habitats (p>0.05), although the presence of several rarely encountered species including Bodianus unimaculatus, Coris sandageri, Meuschenia scaber, Caesioperca lepidoptera, and Eubalichthys mosaicus were recorded in the deep patch reef habitat. I concluded that the inclusion of the deep habitat in the sanctuary zoning plan is important for protecting fish biodiversity. By generating permanent baseline data, this study aims to assist Marine Park management in making sound decisions on future zoning plans.

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Whiting, Elizabeth, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Experience of Six Non-aboriginal Teachers Living and Working in Remote Aboriginal Communities During the 1990's." Australian Catholic University. Master of Education (Research), 1999. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp222.15092009.

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In Australia, non-Aboriginal people have been involved in Aboriginal education since the end of the 19th century. There has been ongoing criticism of non-Aboriginal involvement in Aboriginal education and a movement towards Aboriginalisation in education. This study addresses the issues faced by six non-Aboriginal teachers in remote Aboriginal communities in the 1990's. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of non-Aboriginal teachers living and working in remote Aboriginal communities in the 1990's. Through this research I found that the non-Aboriginal teachers faced difficulties living and working in remote Aboriginal communities. They talked about the distinctive lifestyle and living conditions. They reported a need for pre-service and ongoing professional development focusing on aspects influencing their lives. The discussion topics included: their living circumstances; Aboriginal world view; Aboriginal health issues; community issues; Aboriginal teaching and learning styles and school policies. The study is consistent with previous research about non-Aboriginal teachers living and working in remote Aboriginal communities. It argues that pre-service and ongoing professional development is vital for the success of non-Aboriginal teacher in remote communities. Community based educational programs for non-Aboriginal teachers are needed. These programs should include non-Aboriginal teachers learning about Aboriginal culture, Aboriginal learning and teaching styles and the development and implementation of educational policies. These programmes need to include discussion of aspects of living in isolated settings. Schools and governing bodies involved need to develop closer liaison with non-Aboriginal teachers to support their living in this setting. It is also important that policies in place address the problem of the high turnover of non-Aboriginal staff experienced by remote community schools. This study also poses the question what is the future for non-Aboriginal teachers in remote Aboriginal communities? Aboriginalisation in remote Aboriginal communities is highly recommended.

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Vuki, Veikila Curu. "Long term changes of Suva reef flat communities from conventional in situ survey and remote sensing methods." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241145.

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Saechan, Patcharin. "Application of thermoacoustic technologies for meeting the refrigeration needs of remote and rural communities in developing countries." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28830.

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This study focuses on the design, construction and experimental evaluation of the prototypes of a thermoacoustic cooler driven by a thermoacoustic engine which is a part of the SCORE (Stove for COoking, Refrigeration and Electricity supply) project. In this study, there are two prototypes considered. The first prototype is the thermoacoustic cooler driven by a combustion-powered thermoacoustic engine based on a travelling-wave looped-tube configuration. A propane gas burner is used to simulate the thermal input from biomass combustion. The system operates at atmospheric pressure using air as a working medium which allows employing PVC pipes as parts for resonators. The locations of the cooler are investigated experimentally in order to find the optimum configuration. The minimum temperatures of -8.3°C and -3.9°C are achieved at the frequencies of 58.6 Hz and 70.3 Hz, respectively. The second rig is a linear configuration of a coaxial travelling-wave thermoacoustic cooler driven by a standing-wave thermoacoustic engine. Due to the requirements of higher cooling performance, compressed air at 10 bar is employed. The operating frequency is 46.4 Hz. The resistance heating wire is applied to simulate the biomass combustion at this stage. The system is optimised experimentally in both geometry and operating conditions, to offer the best performance. So far, the lowest temperature of -19.7°C has been obtained at a drive ratio of 3.25%, while the maximum COPR has been 5.94%. The experimental results also indicate that the proposed prototype can produce a sufficient cooling power for storing vital medicines which meets one of the objectives of the SCORE project. Additionally, some suggestions are made as to the re-design of the linear configuration to ensure a more compact and lightweight device. In the author opinion, the contributions to engineering science are: (i) the design and build of the prototypes based on low cost and simplicity, (ii) the introduction of phase tuning part, matching stub, into the low pressure system to match the cooler to the engine, (iii) the design of the linear configuration of a coaxial travelling-wave thermoacoustic cooler driven by a standing-wave thermoacoustic engine, (iv) improvement of the understanding of thermoacoustic technologies by application of DeltaEC programme, and (v) the application of DeltaEC simulations for optimisation of the coupled system.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Remote communities'

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