Relevant bibliographies by topics / Remote communities

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Remote communities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Remote communities"

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Schmidt, Glen G. "Remote, northern communities." International Social Work 43, no. 3 (July 2000): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300306.

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Sanger, Matthew C., and Kristen Barnett. "Remote Sensing and Indigenous Communities." Advances in Archaeological Practice 9, no. 3 (August 2021): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2021.19.

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AbstractAlthough remote sensing techniques are increasingly becoming ubiquitous within archaeological research, their proper and ethical use has rarely been critically examined, particularly among Native American communities. Potential ethical challenges are outlined, along with suggested changes to archaeological frameworks that will better address Native American concerns. These changes center on a revised view of remote sensing instruments as being potentially invasive and extractive, even if nondestructive. Understanding the potentially invasive and extractive nature of these tools and methods, archaeologists are urged to work closely with Native/Indigenous communities to create more holistic practices that include community knowledge holders and to actively discourage stereotypes that pit archaeologists and Native/Indigenous communities against one another. Considering the speed at which remote sensing is being used in archaeology, these changes need to be embraced as soon as possible so that future work can be conducted in an ethical manner.
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Giddings, Bob, and Chris Underwood. "Renewable energy in remote communities." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 50, no. 3 (April 27, 2007): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560701261687.

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Filer, Jamie, and Steven Schuldt. "Quantifying the Environmental and Economic Performance of Remote Communities." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p176.

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Remote communities such as oil production sites, post-disaster housing camps, and military forwardoperating bases (FOB) are often detached from established infrastructure grids, requiring a constantresupply of resources. In one instance, a 600-person FOB required 22 trucks per day to delivernecessary fuel and water and remove generated wastes. This logistical burden produces negativeenvironmental impacts and increases operational costs. To minimize these consequences,construction planners can implement sustainability measures such as renewable energy systems,improved waste management practices, and energy-efficient equipment. However, integration ofsuch upgrades can increase construction costs, presenting the need for a tool that identifies tradeoffsamong conflicting criteria. To assist planners in these efforts, this paper presents the development ofa novel remote site sustainability assessment model capable of quantifying the environmental andeconomic performance of a set of infrastructure alternatives. Through field data and literatureestimates, a hypothetical FOB is designed and evaluated to demonstrate the model’s distinctivecapability to accurately and efficiently assess construction alternatives. The proposed model willenable construction planners to maximize the sustainability of remote communities, creating sitesthat are more self-sufficient with reduced environmental impacts.Keywords: Sustainability, infrastructure, remote communities
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Beltramo, John L., Krizia Layam, Julia Lucas, and John Schmitt. "Catholic Classroom Communities During Remote Teaching." Journal of Catholic Education 24, no. 2 (2021): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/joce.2402032021.

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In this COVID-era study, Catholic school teachers report the challenges that they experienced in supporting classroom communities during remote instruction, as well as the strategies that they enacted to address such challenges and make robust relationships with and among remote students. While teachers engaged in remote teaching, they were also studying in a Catholic Master of Arts in Teaching program, where they participated in weekly Freirian culture circles — structured dialogues designed to help teachers identify problems of equity and collectively devise appropriate responses. The teachers found that classroom community was hindered by a lack of in-person affordances, socioemotional stressors related to the pandemic, struggles to engage students, and structures of hybrid teaching. In response, teachers used the culture circles to create and/or share strategies for supporting remote classroom communities, such as classroom meetings and smallgroup collaboration. Teachers recognized that efforts to develop classroom communities were intimately connected to commitments to equity.
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Jackson, Hal. "Policing Remote Aboriginal Communities—Wiluna 1994." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 7, no. 1 (July 1995): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.1995.12036684.

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Cheers, Brian. "Aspects of Interaction in Remote Communities." Australian Social Work 38, no. 3 (January 1985): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03124078508549864.

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Nadkarni, S., and B. W. Stening. "Human Resource Management in Remote Communities." Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 27, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841118902700304.

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Torzillo, Paul, Stephan Rainow, and Paul Pholeros. "Environmental Health in. Remote Aboriginal Communities." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 113, no. 6 (December 1993): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409311300608.

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Tourky, Afaf. "Visual Problems in Isolated Remote Communities." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 20, no. 5 (November 1992): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200005460.

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In the more remote and isolated communities, teachers require greater self sufficiency in their knowledge base about the many factors that impact on child learning. Sensory impairment is one such factor and it is essential that teachers be alert to the possibility of undetected impairment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Remote communities"

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Jamee, Mohammad. "Demand response in remote communities." Thesis, Jamee, Mohammad (2018) Demand response in remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41907/.

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Optimal Microgrid operation is considered as an important challenge to be achieved. Decreasing the active power Loss, maintaining bus voltages violation within the standard, operation cost and two-way communication between customer and energy utilities problems are fulfilled which reflected the aim of the operation through this challenge. Therefore, Demand Response programs attracted a lot of attention through operating of Microgrid and showed a sustained and rapid growth in recent years, as power supplies face the difficulties to meet the demands during the operation. Especially during the peak hours when the demand is higher than supply or vice versa. This project explored the rural communities’ electricity network and the challenges, opportunities, and problems associated with Microgrids. The concept of DR, identification of current techniques and programs in a field of DR were highlighted. The aim of this thesis is to use the sensitivity analysis method to determine the optimal location for Shunt Capacitor placement, identify the priority of the buses in the network and using Direct Load Control (DLC) method for DR implementation. In order to achieve the objectives of this paper, the communications between MATLAB and DigSILENT were explored, and a DPL script has been developed for simulation to validate the DR method.
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Cottrell, Martin. "Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Cottrell, Martin (2007) Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40884/.

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The Bushlight program can be considered an excellent example of a program that provides stand-alone genset/photovoltaic (PV) systems to Remote Indigenous communities. A reduction in system costs, by the application of Diversity Factors, would further Bushlight's ability to provide these energy supply solutions. Diversity is the concept that the Electricity Use for a group of similar Households will be less than the sum of the Electricity Use for each individual Household. Diversity Factors are the ratio of this diversity. Diversity Factors for commercial application have been developed through experience with urban Electricity Use. However, they are not applicable to Bushlight because of the smaller scale of the Bushlight installations and the differences in user behaviour. Some preliminary Diversity Factors applicable to Remote Indigenous communities, as well as trends in these Diversity Factors, were calculated through comparison of Electricity Use between sites. A process that outlined the steps required to calculate Diversity Factors from monitored data was also determined. The comparison was undertaken in a manner that incorporated external influences such as temperature and Household size. The Monitored Data used for the comparisons had a number of issues, which were believed to be common to Remote monitoring. An assessment of the limitations associated with these issues was also undertaken. A list of options for further work has been prepared. This list should be assessed by Bushlight staff to determine the most appropriate method of refining the calculated Diversity Factors.
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Al-Ahwal, Saleh Abdullah Hussain. "The health care of remote industrial communities." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248244.

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The main part of the introduction illustrates the health care provision made in the past for workforces of the oil and gas industries functioning in remote places usually associated with an environmental hazard. Much of the past work has been carried out in the North Sea and the provision made there has been reviewed in some detail together with the gradual development of health care in the United Arab Emirates for both the offshore and the onshore oil-related workforces. There follows a short review of the provision made for two analogous situations - Newfoundland and Labrador and the British Antarctic Territories - since the developments there are of direct relevance to the Middle East situation. The main environmental hazard in the Middle East is heat and so the physiology and pathology of thermal balance in man are addressed in some detail. The first study is on the identification of the particular thermal problem which occurs in the offshore workings on the Abu Dhabi oil and gas companies, namely heat cramps. This problems had not been previously identified and the work done in determining its presence and its management is duly reported, indicating the problems of accepting health education material designed for one environment by another. In the development of systems of health care for both oil and non-oil related remote populations, the importance of training of the population at risk has been repeatedly emphasised. The perceived problems in that area are skill retention by laymen and the acceptance of the guidelines of the European and US Resuscitation Councils. A second study was therefore carried out to examine skill retention in laymen together with the feasibility of carrying out resuscitation manoeuvres in high temperatures.
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White-Davison, Patricia A. M. "Rural Views: Schooling in Rural/Remote Communities." Thesis, Griffith University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367842.

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This study is based on data collected for a large project that investigated social literacies and various aspects of the literacy culture of members of three rural communities in Queensland. This study draws on ideas from current critical literacy theory and research and post-structural writings. It reports a distinctive set of observations which aim to contribute to social and educational knowledge in respect of centre-margin relationships, literacy-empowerment relationships, the changing socio-economic and political landscape in rural Australia, and the need for a new conceptual landscape to define the foundations of a 'postprogressive pedagogy'. This study delineates some of the distinctive features of rural communities, and investigates the connections that people construct between schooling and economic change and the future, and between literacy and schooling and various aspects of the culture of the community. It interprets how schooling and literacy are socially constructed by members of the rural communities studied. One hundred and fifty-eight residents of three rural/remote communities were interviewed and their responses recorded and analysed. The residents represented the full range of ages and occupations. A selection of data from these interviews is taken for this study, based on themes and issues emerging from the data. A theoretical and empirical framework for the study is provided by reviewing current literature on rurality and rural living, on communities and schooling and cultural practices; literature on qualitative research methodology, specifically ethnomethodology, methods of interview analysis and the application of these methods, is also reviewed. Ethnomethodology is used for this study and the specific analytic procedures of Membership Categorisation Analysis. This specific type of qualitative research methodology is chosen because of its power to take the everyday conversations of community members and, through analytical procedures, to make explicit in those members accounts the interaction of their experiences with the organisational and social forces (the social realities) which permeate their relationships with one another and with the context of the community where they live, work and recreate. This study makes use of recent systematic procedures developed for interrogating interview data. It adds to the research literature on ideologies of family and community literacies and social practices in Australian rural communities. The study provides information relevant to rural development planners, and education policy developers and curriculum writers, for the purpose of enhancing schooling for rural students and better understanding of rural lifestyles. This study's focus on rural communities has highlighted the complexities and diversities of the rural communities that are studied. The different approaches and debates about 'defining rural' must continue, and researchers must avoid promoting a unidimensional category of 'rural'. The changing and developing nature of the rural communities has also been prominent in this study. The implications of these complexities and changes are that rural communities should be studied regularly so that the effects of the changes can be traced and documented. There is a varied set of understandings among rural dwellers about education. For some, education is bringing knowledge and skills to life in the rural location and enabling residents to avail themselves of the urban offerings that may enhance their occupations and leisure activities thus utilising the benefits of two cultures to their best advantage. For others, there are the expectations that education will enable them to move away from the rural areas, to go to the city, to take up other careers, to lead a different lifestyle. Hypotheses and generalisations that express negative approaches to rural cultures and to rural education must be reduced and the positive aspects promoted. Any centre-margin discourse must be scrutinised for its relevance and the feasibility of the assumptions on which it is based. Education policy developers, social researchers and rural policy planners need to re-evaluate the philosophical premises on which the current concept of success is based: success for the individual school student, success for education and schooling, and success in adult life. A number of recommendations are developed in an attempt to make a vision of excellence in rural education a central part of rural agenda. Curriculum in rural schools needs to be matched to rural resources and rural occupations and lifestyles, and to encourage enterprise. While education remains a centralised provision, it needs to provide a context for training in the communication skills that shape rural people's views of their communities. Rural secondary students may be disadvantaged by not having access to a wide range of curriculum offerings, and at tertiary level by inequities (mostly financial) of access, but technology could be used to assist in broadening the range of offerings at secondary level, and library resources across the country could be better utilised. Social and education research could benefit from further studies using this methodology, for example, studies in mining communities, rural ethnic communities, rural tourist communities.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
Arts, Education and Law
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Spark, Ross L. "Developing health promotion methods in remote Aboriginal communities." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/969.

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This thesis investigates the development and implementation of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities via the Kimberley Aboriginal Health Promotion Project (KAHPP), a project funded under a grant from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services and conducted by the School of Public Health at Curtin University of Technology. The aim of the project was to investigate the effectiveness of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities and to develop structures for implementing effective Aboriginal health promotion programs.There were three main research components in this study: an assessment of health indicators; an assessment of the intervention impact; and an assessment of the media component of the intervention. The research methodology included the development of a culturally appropriate survey instrument and the conduct of cross-sectional surveys of three remote Aboriginal communities with differing historical circumstances in the Kimberley region. The questionnaire and field study methods were piloted in 1990 and the main study conducted in 1991 1[superscript].A health promotion intervention was conducted based on an approach originally developed in the Northern Territory 2[superscript]. The intervention employed community development and mass media strategies. Community members nominated health issues that they wished to address, from which 'storyboards' were created for health promotion advertisements to appear on remote television on a paid schedule 3[superscript]. Representative random samples of adult males and females from three remote Aboriginal communities were surveyed according to a range of attitudinal and behavioural health indicators. A post-test survey assessed media reach and impact and pre-post surveys assessed relevant changes in the communities.The cross-sectional survey of health indicators found differences between communities in terms of self-assessed health and risk behaviours. These are discussed in terms of the historical differences between communities and with respect to each community's current situation. Respondents from all communities rated environmental factors as important in their contribution to health, and generally more so than individual lifestyle behaviours.The study demonstrated that television has the potential to reach the vast majority of Aboriginal people in remote communities in the Kimberley. There was some indication that participation in the development of advertisements was associated with higher recognition and more positive assessments of that advertisement. No significant differences in selected indicators of community 'empowerment' were detected following the intervention.The thesis methodology has contributed to the development of a set of guidelines for the conduct of survey research in remote Aboriginal communities, 4[superscript] and has guided the formation of Aboriginal health promotion units in Western Australia and elsewhere.1. Spark R, Binns C, Laughlin D, Spooner C, Donovan RJ. Aboriginal people's perceptions of their own and their community's health: results of a pilot study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1992; 2(2):60-61.2. Spark R, Mills P. Promoting Aboriginal health on television in the Northern Territory: a bicultural approach. Drug Education Journal of Australia 1988; 2 (3):191-198.3. Spark R, Donovan RJ, Howat P. Promoting health and preventing injury in remote Aboriginal communities: a case study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1991; 1(2):10-16.4. Donovan RJ, Spark. R. Towards guidelines for conducting survey research in remote Aboriginal communities. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997; 21:89-94.
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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (1989) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1989. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40085/.

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Many Aboriginal Outstations in Western Australia have bores which produce drinking water of such a low standard that the health of the community members is at risk. Major concerns are the high concentrations of sale, nitrates and fluoride and bacteriological contamination. Communities faced with this problem have four choices. They can sink another bore nearby in the hope of finding better water, which would be expensive and not necessarily successful. They can physically move to another location which would be socially and culturally disruptive. They can accept the risk and drink the water untreated. Recent innovations in reserve osmosis desalination now make it possible to treat the water on site using solar power. The appropriateness of this new technology for remote locations is analysed. A means of predicting the power requirements of a unit capable of supplying the drinking water needs of a small community, estimated at up to 1 m3 per day is derived. A small commercially available unit was tested and it was found that in summer it could produce a steady flow of over 5 L/hour for 10 hours per day when used with a solar tracker and a power optimiser. Two designs were developed which could supply the desired 1 m3 flow rate from the power of two 55 W solar panels. A prototype of one design has been constructed and early testing demonstrate that is is capable of producing up to 400 L/day even at low pump efficiencies. Minor improvements are likely to substantially improve production in the near future.
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Spark, Ross L. "Developing health promotion methods in remote Aboriginal communities." Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9501.

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This thesis investigates the development and implementation of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities via the Kimberley Aboriginal Health Promotion Project (KAHPP), a project funded under a grant from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services and conducted by the School of Public Health at Curtin University of Technology. The aim of the project was to investigate the effectiveness of health promotion strategies and methods in remote Aboriginal communities and to develop structures for implementing effective Aboriginal health promotion programs.There were three main research components in this study: an assessment of health indicators; an assessment of the intervention impact; and an assessment of the media component of the intervention. The research methodology included the development of a culturally appropriate survey instrument and the conduct of cross-sectional surveys of three remote Aboriginal communities with differing historical circumstances in the Kimberley region. The questionnaire and field study methods were piloted in 1990 and the main study conducted in 1991 1[superscript].A health promotion intervention was conducted based on an approach originally developed in the Northern Territory 2[superscript]. The intervention employed community development and mass media strategies. Community members nominated health issues that they wished to address, from which 'storyboards' were created for health promotion advertisements to appear on remote television on a paid schedule 3[superscript]. Representative random samples of adult males and females from three remote Aboriginal communities were surveyed according to a range of attitudinal and behavioural health indicators. A post-test survey assessed media reach and impact and pre-post surveys assessed relevant changes in the communities.The cross-sectional survey ++
of health indicators found differences between communities in terms of self-assessed health and risk behaviours. These are discussed in terms of the historical differences between communities and with respect to each community's current situation. Respondents from all communities rated environmental factors as important in their contribution to health, and generally more so than individual lifestyle behaviours.The study demonstrated that television has the potential to reach the vast majority of Aboriginal people in remote communities in the Kimberley. There was some indication that participation in the development of advertisements was associated with higher recognition and more positive assessments of that advertisement. No significant differences in selected indicators of community 'empowerment' were detected following the intervention.The thesis methodology has contributed to the development of a set of guidelines for the conduct of survey research in remote Aboriginal communities, 4[superscript] and has guided the formation of Aboriginal health promotion units in Western Australia and elsewhere.1. Spark R, Binns C, Laughlin D, Spooner C, Donovan RJ. Aboriginal people's perceptions of their own and their community's health: results of a pilot study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1992; 2(2):60-61.2. Spark R, Mills P. Promoting Aboriginal health on television in the Northern Territory: a bicultural approach. Drug Education Journal of Australia 1988; 2 (3):191-198.3. Spark R, Donovan RJ, Howat P. Promoting health and preventing injury in remote Aboriginal communities: a case study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 1991; 1(2):10-16.4. Donovan RJ, Spark. R. Towards guidelines for conducting survey research in remote Aboriginal communities. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997; 21:89-94.
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Alam, Muddasser. "Enabling cooperative and negotiated energy exchange in remote communities." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366694/.

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Energy poverty at the household level is defined as the lack of access to electricity and reliance on the traditional use of biomass for cooking, and is a serious hindrance to economic and social development. It is estimated that 1.3 billion people live without access to electricity and almost 2.7 billion people rely on biomass for cooking, a majority of whom live in small communities scattered over vast areas of land (mostly in the Sub-Saharan Africa and the developing Asia). Access to electricity is a serious issue as a number of socio-economic factors, from health to education, rely heavily on electricity. Recent initiatives have sought to provide these remote communities with off-grid renewable microgeneration infrastructure such as solar panels, and electric batteries. At present, these resources (i.e., microgeneration and storage) are operated in isolation for individual home needs, which results in an inefficient and costly use of resources, especially in the case of electric batteries which are expensive and have a limited number of charging cycles. We envision that by connecting homes together in a remote community and enabling energy exchange between them, this microgeneration infrastructure can be used more efficiently. Against this background, in this thesis we investigate the methods and processes through which homes in a remote community can exchange energy. We note that remote communities lack general infrastructure such as power supply systems (e.g., the electricity grid) or communication networks (e.g., the internet), that is taken for granted in urban areas. Taking these challenges into account and using insights from knowledge domains such game theory and multi-agent systems, we present two solutions: (i) a cooperative energy exchange solution and (ii) a negotiated energy exchange solution, in order to enable energy exchange in remote communities. Our cooperative energy exchange solution enables connected homes in a remote community to form a coalition and exchange energy. We show that such coalition a results in two surpluses: (i) reduction in the overall battery usage and (ii) reduction in the energy storage losses. Each agents's contribution to the coalition is calculated by its Shapley value or, by its approximated Shapley value in case of large communities. Using real world data, we empirically evaluate our solution to show that energy exchange: (i) can reduce the need for battery charging (by close to 65%) in a community; compared with when they do not exchange energy, and (ii) can improve the efficient use of energy (by up to 10% under certain conditions) compared with no energy exchange. Our negotiated energy exchange solution enables agents to negotiate directly with each other and reach energy exchange agreements. Negotiation over energy exchange is an interdependent multi-issue type of negotiation that is regarded as very difficult and complex. We present a negotiation protocol, named Energy Exchange Protocol (EEP), which simplifies this negotiation by restricting the offers that agents can make to each other. These restrictions are engineered such that agents, negotiation under the EEP, have a strategy profile in subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. We show that our negotiation protocol is tractable, concurrent, scalable and leads to Pareto-optimal outcomes (within restricted the set of offers) in a decentralised manner. Using real world data, we empirically evaluate our protocol and show that, in this instance, a society of agents can: (i) improve the overall utilities by 14% and (ii) reduce their overall use of the batteries by 37%, compared to when they do not exchange energy.
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Nair, Jaya. "A bacteriological test for drinking water in remote communities." Thesis, Nair, Jaya (2000) A bacteriological test for drinking water in remote communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52401/.

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Drinking water quality monitoring in remote areas should be viewed in a different way than in metropolitan areas, for many reasons. In remote areas around the world people use treated and untreated water for domestic purposes. Although there are many chances that the water in these systems could become polluted, the water is seldom tested for microbial quality. The criteria for what can be considered the most suitable indicator organism should be different in remote areas and in developing countries where facilities for microbial analyses are limited. Emphasis needs to be given to indicators which are easy to detect, and to testing methods that are simple to perform. Complicated testing procedures would totally prevent the testing of drinking water totally in such areas. The hypothesis behind this project is that the H2S method which was developed by Manja et al. (1982), meets the criteria for a good testing method in remote areas. This method is based on the detection of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the drinking water sample in contrast to standard methods which are based on the detection of coliform bacteria. The main significance of the project is that the H2S method if found reliable would facilitate regular testing of drinking water in remote areas throughout the world at very little expense. This could lead to the early detection of any contamination thereby improving the health of the people. Since local people could conduct the test it would help to create awareness of the need for clean drinking water and improve the hygiene of people in remote areas. A literature review was conducted to analyse the need for an on-site bacteriological water testing method and to examine how efficient the currently used methods are for detecting faecal contamination of drinking water in developed and developing countries. The available literature was also examined to develop criteria for an indicator organism suitable for remote areas. In addition a review was conducted into present understanding of the H2S method. In order to test whether the H2S method met the criteria for detecting pathogens in samples, experiments were conducted to test the method s efficiency for detecting Salmonella typhimurium, a common pathogen in drinking water. Similarly the efficiency for detecting another common enteric bacteria, Citrobacter freundii was also studied. Since the availability of power and laboratory facilities are limited in remote areas, the temperature range and the incubation period required by the method to detect contamination were studied. This was to test whether the H2S method would work without incubators. Trials were conducted with modified H2S media to try to detect lower levels of contamination and reduce the incubation period. While conducting experiments to test whether the SRB are consistently present in human faeces, by comparing the H2S method with the coliform method using faeces samples, it was observed that about 18% of the samples lacked coliform bacteria in detectable amounts. It was concluded that if drinking water is contaminated with such a faecal sample, the contamination could go undetected if faecal conforms are used as indicator organisms. The H2S method was not able to detect contamination at higher dilutions of faeces where low numbers of SRB would be present. The reason for the poor performance of the H2S method was attributed to the predominance of methanogenic bacteria over SRB and/or the influence of illness and diet on the human intestinal microflora. The correlation of the H2S method with the membrane Faecal Coliform method (mFC method) in detecting the presence of spiked raw sewage in drinking water was also observed to be low at lower levels of faecal coliforms. Also the correlation was found to be different with the effluent from two sewage treatment plants. A variation in the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria and the influence of illness and diets on the human intestinal microflora is tentatively postulated as a reason for this difference. Testing various sources of treated and untreated water supplies revealed that the H2S method could be used as a screening test for drinking water. The absence of false negative results compared to the presence of total coliforms at coliform count of <10CFU/100mL indicated that the H2S method is a good test for microbial contamination in developing countries where the acceptable level of total coliforms is <10MPN/100mL. The conclusion in regard to the hypothesis is that the H2S method could be a useful screening test for microbial quality of drinking water in remote areas. However the comparison of the H2S method with the faecal coliform method was found to have some deficiencies. Due to the low numbers of faecal coliforms in many faecal samples it is concluded that comparison of a new method with such an indicator organism might not be valid. Further work is therefore required to assess the reason for the low levels of faecal coliforms, and whether it is related to health, diet or hereditary factors.
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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (2001) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52404/.

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The need for desalination to provide drinking water of acceptable standards has been established. A review of desalination techniques suggests that solar powered reverse osmosis with energy recovery is likely to satisfy the widest range of applications in inland Australia and elsewhere. Of the energy recovery techniques, the 'flow-regulated' approach appears well suited to remote applications, because it maintains its set recovery ratio regardless of insolation levels, and starts and stops automatically at sunrise and sunset. Operating and capital costs of units needs to be minimised and operational flexibility maximised for wide application in remote areas. This project aimed to develop, produce and test a low cost solar powered desalinator that was portable, reliable and flexible. The thesis describes the theoretical and practical development of a production model through the four prototypes. The prototypes were tested to determine the performance of a variety of membranes, the efficiency of the pumps and energy recovery system, and the water slippage of valves and seals. The available energy from the two-panel tracking array was also assessed. A model which describes the hydraulics of 'flow-regulated' energy recovery systems was developed and incorporated in a spreadsheet program and used to assess the performance of the prototypes. The relevance of all the variable components affecting fresh water production can be assessed through graphically presented results from the spreadsheet. A production model solar powered desalinator capable of 400 L/day from a 120 W peak array has been developed as a result of the project. The flow-regulated approach to energy recovery appears to work well in the field and may be contributing to the maintenance of high water production rates at all sites without resorting to chemical pretreatment or frequent cleaning. High pulsation rates and low feed flow rates through large diameter spiral wound membranes do not appear to adversely affect membrane life at the low pressures used in these machines. Further research is required to monitor the long term reliability and running costs of these machines, their degree of acceptance in remote communities, and their ability to maintain the quality of product water to acceptable standards.
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Books on the topic "Remote communities"

1

Hooper, Nigel A. Energy and remote communities: The Coll initiative. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 1985.

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Kotze, Christoffel. A Broadband Apparatus for Underserviced Remote Communities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15766-1.

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Hart, Richard. Summary report: Recreation in remote northern Manitoba communities. Thompson, Man: Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Recreation, 1989.

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Puttock, G. David. A forestry management planning strategy for remote communities. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1998.

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Watson, David S. Health care for remote communities: A solution by satellite? [Albany, W.A: D. S. Watson], 2006.

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Tantiwiramanond, Darunee. Promoting gender equality in remote communities of Northeastern Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: Women's Action & Resource Initiative, 1998.

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Electricity services in remote rural communities: The small enterprise model. Rugby, UK: ITDG, 2006.

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Health, Zambia Ministry of. National mobile HIV services guidelines: Reaching out to remote communities. Lusaka: National AIDS Council, 2009.

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Community Co-Production: Social Enterprise in Remote and Rural Communities. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2012.

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Ng'ang'a, E. M. The vegetation of Aberdares mountain ranges. Nairobi: Dept. of Resourse [sic] Surveys and Remote Sensing, Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Remote communities"

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Letvak, Susan. "Supporting Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5012-1_31-1.

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Letvak, Susan. "Supporting Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 641–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6631-8_31.

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Mehl-Madrona, Lewis, and Barbara Mainguy. "Indigenous Mental Health in Remote Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 67–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6631-8_4.

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Mehl-Madrona, Lewis, and Barbara Mainguy. "Indigenous Mental Health in Remote Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5012-1_4-1.

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Sutton, Keith, and Anton Isaacs. "Recovery in Mental Illness Among Rural Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 1–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5012-1_6-1.

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Sutton, Keith, and Anton Isaacs. "Recovery in Mental Illness Among Rural Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 111–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6631-8_6.

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Mehl-Madrona, Lewis, Patrick McFarlane, and Kate Mulrenin. "Critique of Psychiatry in Rural and Remote Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 1–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5012-1_44-1.

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Mehl-Madrona, Lewis, Patrick McFarlane, and Kate Mulrenin. "Critique of Psychiatry in Rural and Remote Communities." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 463–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6631-8_44.

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Cotton, Marie-Eve, Lucie Nadeau, and Laurence J. Kirmayer. "Consultation to Remote and Indigenous Communities." In Cultural Consultation, 223–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7615-3_11.

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Jackson, Fay, Tim Heffernan, Mark Orr, Robert Butch Young, Cherie Puckett, and Susan Daly. "Peer Work in Rural and Remote Communities and Mental Health Services." In Handbook of Rural, Remote, and very Remote Mental Health, 1–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5012-1_21-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Remote communities"

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"Micro-grid for remote communities." In IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2009.5415066.

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Okundaye, Osazuwa, Francis Quek, and Sharon Chu. "Broadening Participation for Remote Communities." In IDC '19: Interaction Design and Children. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3325318.

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Wrinch, Michael, Tarek H. M. EL-Fouly, and Steven Wong. "Demand response implementation for remote communities." In Energy Conference (EPEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epec.2011.6070196.

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Jasche, Florian, Jasmin Kirchhübel, Thomas Ludwig, and Peter Tolmie. "BeamLite: Diminishing Ecological Fractures of Remote Collaboration through Mixed Reality Environments." In C&T '21: Communities & Technologies 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461564.3461566.

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Schubert, Peter. "A Novel System of Governance for Remote Communities." In AIAA SPACE 2010 Conference & Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-8782.

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MacLeod, Haley, Ben Jelen, Annu Prabhakar, Lora Oehlberg, Katie Siek, and Kay Connelly. "Asynchronous Remote Communities (ARC) for Researching Distributed Populations." In 10th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-5-2016.2263322.

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Li, Haiying, Hongchun Peng, Xin Li, Frank Veroustraete, and Yanhua Chen. "Mapping LAI of different plant communities in arid and semi-arid northwestern China." In Remote Sensing, edited by Manfred Ehlers and Ulrich Michel. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.627582.

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Salyuk, Pavel A., Oleg A. Bukin, Alexander Ju Major, and Irina A. Lastovskaya. "Characterization of phytoplankton communities by laser induced seawater fluorescence measurements." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Serge Andrefouet, Hiroshi Kawamura, Mervyn J. Lynch, Delu Pan, and Trevor Platt. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.804871.

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Leonardi, Chiara, Gianluca Schiavo, Anna Fasoli, and Massimo Zancanaro. "Remote Collaborative Childcare in the Workplace: Sharing Childcare with Colleagues during COVID-19 Emergency." In C&T '21: Communities & Technologies 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461564.3461590.

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Freire-Gormaly, M., and A. M. Bilton. "Optimization of Renewable Energy Power Systems for Remote Communities." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47509.

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Many remote communities rely on diesel generators as their primary power source, which is expensive and harmful to the environment. Renewable energy systems, based on photovoltaics and wind turbines, present a more sustainable and potentially cost-effective option for remote communities with abundant sun and wind. Designing and implementing community-owned and operated renewable power generation alternatives for critical infrastructure such as hospitals, water sanitation, and schools is one approach towards community autonomy and resiliency. However, configuring a cost-effective and reliable renewable power system is challenging due to the many design choices to be made, the large variations in the renewable power sources, and the location specific renewable power source availability. This paper presents an optimization-based approach to aid the configuration of a solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine generator and lead-acid battery storage hybrid power system. The approach, implemented in MATLAB, uses a detailed time-series system model to analyze system Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and a lifetime system cost model to analyze system cost. These models are coupled to a genetic algorithm to perform a multi-objective optimization of system reliability and cost. The method was applied to two case studies to demonstrate the approach: a windy location (Gibraltar, UK), and a predominantly sunny location (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Hourly solar and wind resource data was extracted for these locations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for five-year data sets. The village load requirements were statistically generated from a mean daily load for the community estimated based on the population and basic electricity needs. The case studies demonstrate that the mix and size of technologies is dependent on local climatic conditions. In addition, the results show the tradeoff between system reliability and cost, allowing designers to make important decisions for the remote communities.
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Reports on the topic "Remote communities"

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Vodden, K., A. Cunsolo, S. L. Harper, A. Kipp, N. King, S. Manners, B. Eddy, et al. Rural and remote communities. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328394.

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Wallace, Bryony. Bringing clean energy and co-benefits to remote communities in Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7000.

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Ward, Patrick S., Muzna Fatima Alvi, Simrin Makhija, and David J. Spielman. Cooperation and the management of local common resources in remote rural communities: Evidence from Odisha, India. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133790.

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Mahling, Alexa, Michelle LeBlanc, and Paul A. Peters. Report: Rural Resilience and Community Connections in Health: Outcomes of a Community Workshop. Spatial Determinants of Health Lab, Carleton University, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/sdhlab/2020.1.

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Canadians living in rural communities are diverse, with individual communities defined by unique strengths and challenges that impact their health needs. Understanding rural health needs is a complex undertaking, with many challenges pertaining to engagement, research, and policy development. In order to address these challenges, it is imperative to understand the unique characteristics of rural communities as well as to ensure that the voices of rural and remote communities are prioritized in the development and implementation of rural health research programs and policy. Effective community engagement is essential in order to establish rural-normative programs and policies to improve the health of individuals living in rural, remote, and northern communities. This report was informed by a community engagement workshop held in Golden Lake, Ontario in October 2019. Workshop attendees were comprised of residents from communities within the Madawaska Valley, community health care professionals, students and researchers from Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, and international researchers from Australia, Sweden, and Austria. The themes identified throughout the workshop included community strengths and initiatives that are working well, challenges and concerns faced by the community in the context of health, and suggestions to build on strengths and address challenges to improve the health of residents in the Madawaska Valley.
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Morse, P. D., R. J. H. Parker, W. E. Sladen, S L Smith, and H. B. O'Neill. Remote permafrost terrain mapping, Grays Bay-Yellowknife corridor, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330206.

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The new Grays Bay - Yellowknife corridor will provide transportation, energy, and telecommunications to northcentral Canada, and connect existing highway infrastructure to a deep-sea port on the Arctic Ocean. This infrastructure will improve access for exploration and development, and reduce operating costs in this mineral-rich region of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, one of the biggest impediments to development in this region. Relatively little information on permafrost and ground ice conditions is available for most of the corridor. To fill this information gap, the Geological Survey of Canada's GEM-GeoNorth program is compiling permafrost and surficial geology information, mapping periglacial terrain features, and modelling ground ice conditions along the corridor. This poster presents the periglacial feature mapping component. Periglacial features are landforms associated with cold environments and typically contain permafrost. Permafrost, and its related ground ice, affect terrain sensitivity to climate change and surface disturbance. With development of this periglacial terrain and accelerated climate warming in the north, communities, planners, and regulators require this information to make informed decisions on how and where to build and manage environmentally sustainable and climate change-resilient infrastructure, and determine best adaptation strategies.
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Hwa, Yue-Yi, Sharon Kanthy Lumbanraja, Usha Adelina Riyanto, and Dewi Susanti. The Role of Coherence in Strengthening CommunityAccountability for Remote Schools in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/090.

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Incoherence in accountability relationships can hamper the quality of education. Such incoherence can be a particular challenge in resource-constrained, remote villages where teachers tend to have higher educational capital and social status than the parents and communities that they serve. We analyze quantitative and qualitative data from a randomized controlled trial of a social accountability mechanism (SAM) for schools in remote Indonesian villages. The intervention had three treatment arms, all of which included the SAM, which engaged village-level stakeholders in a consensus-building process that led to joint service agreements for supporting the learning process. Prior analyses have found that all three treatment arms significantly improved student learning, but the treatment arm combining the SAM with performance pay based on camera-monitored teacher attendance led to much larger gains than the SAM-only treatment or the treatment arm combining the SAM with teacher performance pay based on a community-evaluated scorecard. Drawing on a range of quantitative data sources across all treatment schools (process monitoring, survey, and service agreement indicators) and qualitative data from nine case study schools (interviews and focus group discussions), we show firstly that the student learning gains across all three treatment arms were accompanied by increases in the coherence of the accountability relationships between village-level stakeholders, and in the degree to which these relationships were oriented toward the purpose of cultivating learning. We further show that the treatment combining SAM with camera-monitored teacher performance pay led to greater improvements in the coherence of accountability relationships than the other treatment arms, because the cameras improved both the technical capacity and the social legitimacy of community members to hold teachers accountable. This coherence-focused, relational explanation for the relative effectiveness of the treatment arms has more explanatory power than alternative explanations that focus narrowly on information quality or incentive structure. Our analysis reinforces arguments for ensuring that accountability structures are coherent with the local context, including local social structures and power dynamics.
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Brewer, Jonathan, Yoonee Jeong, and Arndt Husar. Last Mile Connectivity: Addressing the Affordability Frontier. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220514-2.

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This working paper addresses the challenge to implement ‘last mile’ solutions that deliver affordable internet connectivity to communities in Asia and the Pacific region. It examines how COVID-19 increased demand for internet access and explains why new technologies are failing to deliver affordable connectivity to rural and remote populations. It explores access gaps and details technological, regulatory, and investment strategies that can help close the digital divide. Explaining how last-mile connectivity can provide affordable, resilient, and reliable solutions, it shows why it is central to building an inclusive digital future for all.
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Pueyo, Ana. Decentralised Access to Electricity Through Mini-Grids in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.064.

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Renewable, decentralised mini-grids are a promising technology for electrifying remote communities in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most mini-grids struggle not only to obtain a profit, but also to recover costs. This Policy Briefing describes the case of a private, for-profit mini-grid business model which also developed the productive commercial uses of electricity to achieve financial sustainability. The model failed due to high regulatory risks, initially high tariffs, and complex management of commercial activities. We argue that public–private partnerships and collaboration with local agrobusinesses could improve affordability, reduce risks, and ensure long-term sustainability.
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Qamer, Faisal Mueen, Bashir Ahmad, Abid Hussain, Aneel Salman, Sher Muhammad, Muhammad Nawaz, Sravan Shrestha, Bilal Iqbal, and Sunil Thapa. The 2022 Pakistan floods: Assessment of crop losses in Sindh Province using satellite data. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1015.

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The impact of the 2022 floods on Pakistan’s rural communities and agriculture has been devastating, resulting in the loss of crops, livestock, and essential infrastructure. The country is now facing an unprecedented food security crisis. Nationally, Pakistan’s Sindh Province accounts for 42% of the rice production, 23% of the cotton production, and 31% of the sugarcane production. In our report, we assess potential crop production losses for these crops at the sub-district level using a remote-sensing approach based on satellite imagery. The analyses are designed to support the Government of Pakistan's rehabilitation and compensation planning processes.
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Bhattacharjea, Suman, Sehar Saeed, Rajib Timalsina, and Syeed Ahamed. Citizen-led Assessments: A Model for Evidence-based Advocacy and Action to Improve Learning. Australian Council for Educational Research, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-636-9.

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Designed as household-based assessments, citizen-led assessments (CLAs) are implemented by local organizations who assess children in their homes, thus reaching the most marginalized children, families, and communities, often in remote areas. CLAs add an essential piece of information for truly monitoring progress and help realistically represent the learning levels of all children – at national, regional, and global levels. By using simple tools and easy-to-understand reports, CLAs engage parents and community members in discussions about learning and help foster understanding of the importance of ensuring quality education through civil action. In this publication, members from organizations conducting CLAs in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh provide an overview of the CLA model and illustrate a range of ways in which the model has been implemented in the four South Asian countries to monitor and improve learning. In all four countries, the initiative is known as the Annual Status of Education Report, or ASER – a word that means ‘impact’ in three of these four countries. By design, ASER assesses foundational reading and numeracy skills.
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