Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Remote area'
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Maathuis, Ben. "Remote sensing for area reduction of minefield suspect areas." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2001. http://d-nb.info/991197429/04.
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Tahir, A. (Ali). "Powering remote area base stations by renewable energy." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201712053278.
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Abstract. The number of cellular subscriptions have seen a tremendous growth in the last decade and to provide connectivity for everyone has led to growth in number of base stations (BSs). BSs installed at places where reliable grid power is not available has increased and will continue to increase in the coming years to connect everybody on the globe. Energy and cost efficiency is becoming a criterion of ever increasing importance in the information and communication technology sector. Energy and cost efficiency is especially important for remote areas where providing mobile communication services is inhibited by the economic drawback of low revenue potential.
In this thesis, we discuss the role of BS power consumption in the cellular networks in order to investigate approaches to lower the overall power consumption of the cellular network. The thesis covers structure of a BS and the power consumption of its components. Previous works and research approaches proposed to reduce the power consumption of BSs and to what extent they can lower the power requirement are discussed. Reducing the BS power consumption will reduce the operating cost for the networks and ease the deployment of BSs in remote areas. Also discussed are the two key technical features of 5th generation cellular access networks (beam forming through massive multiple input multiple output antenna systems and ultra-lean system design) that are promising in terms of reducing the BS power consumption.
Furthermore, we discuss viable sources of renewable energy that can be used to power BSs in the remote areas. An overview of the renewable energy resources that can be used for this purpose (solar and wind energy) and their availability in different regions is discussed. The setups for harnessing solar and wind energy to generate power are presented in this thesis.
For different cases requirements of wind and solar energy systems to power the BSs are calculated. Results show that while solar energy alone is a feasible option in regions at low latitude, small solar energy systems of 4–7 kW rated output power can easily power BS during the entire year. But in regions of high latitude using solar energy alone cannot meet the BS power requirement as there are long durations of very low or negligible solar irradiation levels. Furthermore, the energy produced by small wind energy setups at different wind speeds is investigated for the purpose of powering BSs. We discuss the range of windspeed levels for which the energy produced is sufficient to power a BS. Areas with average windspeeds of 5–8 m/s are very suitable for using wind energy as a source of power for BSs. Hybrid energy systems to power BSs and also a few energy storage options to store excess power are also discussed in this thesis.
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Wachjoe, C. Kurniawan. "Remote area electricity supply: A system dynamics approach." Thesis, Wachjoe, C. Kurniawan (1995) Remote area electricity supply: A system dynamics approach. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52363/.
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The implementation of a stand-alone diesel power plant in remote areas creates high operating costs due to the high fuel cost (which includes high transportation costs) and the difficulty of providing adequate maintenance. The availability of renewable resources in these remote areas makes it worthwhile considering renewable energy sources, such as the wind generators and photovoltaic arrays, as expansion alternatives in attempting to reduce overall operational costs.
This study seeks to develop a framework which allows the electricity-economy interactions to be explored. The framework consists of a system dynamics approach for remote area electricity supply. A system dynamic model is developed for the analysis. The model is used to assess and study the future development of electricity supply by utilising the availability of local energy sources. The form of dynamic relationships among constructed mechanisms represents the interaction between electricity supply and demand. The electricity supply model focuses primarily on expanding generation capacity by choosing the best mix of new electrical generating capacity, given the anticipated electricity demand growth and the financial constraints of the utility. The electricity demand model is based on the dynamics of population and economic activity (the agricultural and industrial sectors). Population, added values, consumption, income, investment, and other major energy and economic aggregates are determined endogenously (within the model).
The assessment of future electricity supply systems for remote areas is undertaken by constructing the appropriate scenarios in the model and then discovering a set of policy designs that produce the desired result. As case studies, the model is then used to assess the long-term electricity supply options for the economy of the Shire of Esperance, Western Australia and Teratak Village, Lombok, Indonesia. The analysis emphasises and explores the structural mechanisms for electricity supply and the macro-economic effects of the electricity demand. Special consideration is given to the potential for depletion of oil resources and the development of renewable energy.
For the case study in the Shire of Esperance, it is found that the model can replicate the general historical trends of the local economy, the population sector, and the historical electricity demand and generation for the period 1980 to 1990. The future behaviour of the electricity demand tends to fluctuate with the amount of GDP per capita and the electricity price. The future electricity demand behaviour is very sensitive to the electricity price, while only slightly affected by GDP per capita. Meanwhile, the long-run electricity supply behaviour in the Shire of Esperance based on the diesel power plant and the wind farm energy system is still dominated by the diesel power plant in the 50 year simulation period. The important policy designs which can avoid future financial problems for the utility relate to pricing policy for diesel fuel and the financial policy of the supply systems.
In the case study of Teratak Village, the simulation results indicate that electricity demand growth is affected by both the economy of the local communities and the electricity price in the 50 year simulation period. The electricity price remains unchanged for any policy design because the front end investment of the photovoltaic power plant mainly influences the electricity production costs. The behaviour of the electricity supply systems, which are based on combinations of photovoltaic and micro hydro power plant, can satisfy the projected electricity demand until the year 2014. The implementation of policies on energy mix, load management and rate relief can avoid any electricity shortage and improve the electricity supply behaviour in Teratak Village.
Further evaluations from the two case studies indicate that implementing deregulation on electricity price (which allows the electricity price to equal the allowed electricity price) will help the utility's ability to invest in new generating capacity and solve the financial problems of the utility. These policies need to be considered in order to reduce the electricity production costs for decentralised power plants in remote areas. On the other hand, the inclusion of environmental externalities for each power plant will increase the competitiveness of the power plant based on renewable energy sources by providing lower electricity production costs in the long-term in comparison with the fossil fuel fired power plants.
The system dynamic model developed provides a very useful tool for assessing the sustainability of the future electricity supply in remote areas. Based on the two case studies, it was possible to implement this model for two very different situations in order to assess the impact of policy designs for improving the future behaviour of the remote area electricity supply. The model could be used to identify potential future problems in the existing supply systems. It was then used to assess the feasibility of alternative solutions that could be taken to satisfy the projected electricity demand based on the technological and financial options of the power plants and the availability of local renewable energy sources. With regard to local energy used for generating electricity, the model could suggest the best energy mix decisions for the electricity supply system in supporting the long-term electricity demand behaviour and qualitatively assess a set of policy designs proposed to improve the sustainability of this supply system.
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Shoeb, Md Asaduzzaman. "Optimal operation and control of remote area microgrids." Thesis, Shoeb, Md Asaduzzaman ORCID: 0000-0002-6653-107X (2019) Optimal operation and control of remote area microgrids. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/54118/.
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Microgrid (MG) is a promising approach to proliferate distributed energy resources for electrification in remote areas. Remote area MGs usually operate as standalone systems and are supplied by a combination of conventional fossil fuel-based generators, renewable energy resources and energy storage systems. Irrespective of all considerations at the planning and design stage, such MGs are always prone to the uncertainties of their demand variation and the generation of their non-dispatchable renewable sources. Such events can cause voltage or frequency violation in the MG. This thesis has focused on developing proper operational and control techniques for such MGs. First, an effective management technique has been proposed and developed that can retain the voltage and frequency of the MGs within a predefined desired region, at least cost, using a multilayer scheme. If a violation is detected, the proposed technique will aim to define the most optimal generation level of dispatchable sources, MG’s best network configuration and engagement level of the supportive actions such as exchanging power with neighbouring MGs, utilising energy storages, demand response and renewable energy curtailment (if and when available). The technical, reliability and environmental aspects of the MG are considered within the proposed technique along with the operational cost. The determined optimal control variables will then be sent to the local controllers to apply proper arrangements in the system to retain the voltage or frequency within the desired range. On the other hand, some techniques are available in the literature that can predict the uncertainties of demand and renewable energy sources a few minutes ahead. Using such techniques, the voltage or frequency violation can also be predicted in short-horizon and prevented with the introduction of a suitable preventive controller. Hence, this thesis has then proposed and developed a look-ahead controller that uses the short-horizon prediction data of demand and renewable generation to determine any prospective voltage or frequency violation. Another alternative is temporarily coupling the adjacent MGs to support each other and form a system of coupled MGs. Thus, the thesis has then proposed and developed a suitable technique to form systems of coupled MGs while preserving the voltage and frequency of each MG and reassuring the optimal performance of all MGs. The proposed optimisation approach tries to solve the voltage or frequency problem by coupling the MGs when the local actions, such as energy storages, are inadequate or cost-ineffective. Another technique has also been proposed and developed that can readjust the dispatch of the suitable generation units, between the optimisations, to support small changes in load. To this end, the potential field concept is used by the loads to select suitable generation units to make the decision very quickly. The decision is made based on different criteria, such as cost, reliability, emission, and power loss. This process requires low computational efforts and can be done instantly. Besides, a periodic optimisation is performed by the MG’s central controller to retune the whole system and reconfirm the optimal operation. The performance of the developed techniques has been demonstrated and validated through extensive numerical analyses in MATLAB®.
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McDermid, Gregory. "Remote Sensing for Large-Area, Multi-Jurisdictional Habitat Mapping." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/977.
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A framework designed to guide the effective use of remote sensing in large-area, multi-jurisdictional habitat mapping studies has been developed. Based on hierarchy theory and the remote sensing scene model, the approach advocates (i) identifying the key physical attributes operating on the landscape; (ii) selecting a series of suitable remote sensing data whose spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal characteristics correspond to the attributes of interest; and (iii) applying an intelligent succession of scale-sensitive data processing techniques that are capable of delivering the desired information. The approach differs substantially from the single-map, classification-based strategies that have largely dominated the wildlife literature, and is designed to deliver a sophisticated, multi-layer information base that is capable of supporting a variety of management objectives. The framework was implemented in the creation of a multi-layer database composed of land cover, crown closure, species composition, and leaf area index (LAI) phenology over more than 100,000 km2 in west-central Alberta. Generated through a combination of object-oriented classification, conventional regression, and generalized linear models, the products represent a high-quality, flexible information base constructed over an exceptionally challenging multi-jurisdictional environment. A quantitative comparison with two alternative large-area information sources—the Alberta Vegetation Inventory and a conventional classification-based land-cover map—showed that the thesis database had the highest map quality and was best capable of explaining both individual—and population-level resource selection by grizzly bears.
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Janon, Akraphon, and s2113730@student rmit edu au. "Wind-hydrogen energy systems for remote area power supply." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100329.094605.
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Wind-hydrogen systems for remote area power supply are an early niche application of sustainable hydrogen energy. Optimal direct coupling between a wind turbine and an electrolyser stack is essential for maximum electrical energy transfer and hydrogen production. In addition, system costs need to be minimised if wind-hydrogen systems are to become competitive. This paper investigates achieving near maximum power transfer between a fixed pitched variable-speed wind turbine and a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser without the need for intervening voltage converters and maximum power point tracking electronics. The approach investigated involves direct coupling of the wind turbine with suitably configured generator coils to an optimal series-parallel configuration of PEM electrolyser cells so that the I-V characteristics of both the wind turbine and electrolyser stack are closely matched for maximum power transfer. A procedure for finding these optimal con figurations and hence maximising hydrogen production from the system is described. For the case of an Air 403 400 W wind turbine located at a typical coastal site in south-eastern Australia and directly coupled to an optimally configured 400 W stack of PEM electrolysers, it is estimated that up to 95% of the maximum achievable energy can be transferred to the electrolyser over an annual period. The results of an extended experiment to test this theoretical prediction for an actual Air 403 wind turbine are reported. The implications of optimal coupling between a PEM electrolyser and an aerogenerator for the performance and overall economics of wind-energy hydrogen systems for RAPS applications are discussed.
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Yee, Timothy. "Remote Area Power System (RAPS) Battery Lifecycle Cost Optimisation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8952.
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The intent of this project with Powerco was to identify the cause of premature battery failure and suggest improvements to the Remote Area Power System (RAPS), which is managed by Powerco subsidiary Basepower. An evaluation matrix was used to analyse the most beneficial solution that can be implemented in the RAPS unit.
The issues that have caused the early failure for the RAPS have been determined and improvements to the system are suggested. These have been provided to the Powerco Research and Development team for consideration.
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Weyant, Emily, Nakia J. Woodward, Rachel R. Walden, Rick L. Wallace, and Kelly R. Loyd. "Promoting Consumer Health Materials at Remote Area Medical Clinics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8823.
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Marks, Alan Stephen. "Remote sensing of the regolith, Shoalwater Bay area, Queensland." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140068.
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Knipe, Phillip John. "Electromagnetic radiation emissions from remote area power supply systems." Thesis, Knipe, Phillip John (2002) Electromagnetic radiation emissions from remote area power supply systems. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/23798/.
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There has been growing concern about the potential link between various health effects, such as cancer and chronic exposure to low level Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR).
A report on residential exposure to 50 / 60 Hz electromagnetic radiation, published by the United Kingdom’s National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB) found:
“that there is some epidemiological evidence that prolonged exposure to higher levels of power frequency magnetic fields is associated with a small risk of leukaemia in children (AGNIR, 2001).”
The report concluded that: “heavy exposures of 0.4μT (4 mG) or more are associated with a doubling of the risk of leukaemia in children under fifteen years of age. The evidence is, however, not conclusive (AGNIR, 2001).”
Even though there has been no conclusive scientific evidence that there is a direct relationship between cancer and chronic exposure to low level EMR there is sufficient evidence to justify minimising exposure levels.
Regions of particular interest in the electromagnetic spectrum are the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) 50 - 60 Hz, Very Low Frequency (VLF) 10 - 100 kHz and Radio Frequency (RF) 100 kHz - 300 GHz bands.
Remote area power supply (RAPS) systems are becoming increasingly prevalent. These systems tend to use renewable energy sources and their associated technology rather than the conventual power supply systems. Recently some concerns have been raised about the levels of EMR being emitted from these new forms of technology. Some of the inverters transforming the generated direct current (dc) to alternating current (ac) have produced significant levels of EMR. These devices are often located close to living areas and therefore increase the hazards to residents.
While the main aim of these systems is to replace non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, they should also be designed to minimise the doses of EMR to which users are exposed.
This type of technology is still immature, and innovations are occurring rapidly. While there is currently no proven link between exposure to EMR and health effects, various concerns have been raised and the design and production of renewable energy technology that has reduced or very low emissions of EMR has obvious advantages.
This thesis examines the various frequencies of EMR produced by typical remote area power supply systems (RAPS). The strengths of these fields are measured using various types of monitoring equipment and the health hazards examined.
This research was conducted on a range of RAPS equipment including diesel generators and inverters. Fields were measured at various orientations as a function of distance from the sources. Even though no levels above the current health standards were found some magnetic fields above the 4 mG mark were measured. This level has been identified as a possible action level for chronic exposure to EMR. The analysis of these results enables the qualitative assessment of the hazards associated with RAPS systems. This leads to a set of recommendations to health authorities on sensible measures to be adopted to minimise the hazards to the users of these systems.
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Fletcher, Serena. "Residential remote area power supply system monitoring and analysis." Thesis, Fletcher, Serena (1999) Residential remote area power supply system monitoring and analysis. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40932/.
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The objective of this thesis was to design, develop, test and install a monitoring system for a residential renewable energy remote area power supply (RAPS) system. In doing so, the aim was to address the lack of availability of reliable, accurate and continuously monitored data for residential remote area power supply (RAPS) systems. A comprehensive database of monitored data for renewable energy RAPS systems, such as the one monitored for this thesis, will provide a basis for improving the understanding of the operation of these systems. This information may prove useful to system designers, equipment suppliers, system owners, potential system buyers, researchers, the Government and the public in general.
The project will also provide feedback to the Office of Energy on the performance of a selected renewable energy RAPS system under the Wes tern Australian Government's Renewable Energy RAPS Rebate Scheme, in particular, the contribution of the renewable energy component of the system.
The data collected in monitoring projects, such as this one, can be used to validate the accuracy of computer simulation programs. The lack of reliable monitored data has inhibited the validation of such simulation programs under field conditions. The aim in this thesis was to use the data collected to validate the accuracy of the RAPSIM simulation program.
The residential hybrid PV RAPS system at Mundabullangana Station, Port Hedland, was selected for monitoring for a period of two years. This thesis details the design, development, testing and installation of a monitoring system for the RAPS system. At the time of submission of this thesis, approximately six weeks of high quality data was obtained.
The monitored data allowed the RAPS system operational performance to be analysed in detail, and to be verified against the estimated performance provided by the designers of the system. The preliminary monitored results showed a close agreement with the estimated values.
The data was also used to validate the RAPSIM simulation program. The results indicated a good correlation between the simulated and monitored daily profiles, and a reasonable to good comparison between the average daily system parameters.
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Cramer, Jennifer H. "Nursing practice in a remote area : an ethnographic study." Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/32.
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The solitary position of nurses who practise in geographically isolated communities to provide direct health care to a predominantly Aboriginal population characterises nursing in remote areas. Munoz & Mann (1982) described this practice as unique. The uniqueness of this practice, however, has remained shrouded in superficial descriptions featuring service delivery at a one or two-nurse-post, the physical distance of nursing posts from hospital facilities and the autonomy with which nursing is performed. Only glimpses of the reality of nursing practice in a remote area have been revealed through the study of the educational needs of remote area nurses (Munoz & Mann 1982, Cameron-Traub 1987, Philp 1988, Kreger 1991a, Bell, Chang & Daly 1995). A key problem is the lack of a systematic description and detailed analysis of nursing as it is practised in a remote area.The purpose of this study was to explore, describe and analyse nursing practice in a remote area. The research was undertaken at Warburton, an isolated community mainly inhabited by the Ngaanyatjarra people in the Central Desert of Western Australia. An ethnographic design was chosen for this exploratory inquiry into the social and cultural pattern of everyday nursing practice. In a pre-entry study a suitable setting and informants were found. Fieldwork was conducted at the Warburton nursing post by the researcher and involved living on site for a year. Data gathering techniques were participant observation together with interviewing, collection of pertinent documents and the daily chronological recording of fieldnotes, memos and a personal journal. Data analysis was performed concurrently with data gathering. The process followed the Developmental Research Sequence Method by Spradley (1980). Through a cyclical process of data collection and analysis the domains, taxonomies and componential variables in the culture of remote area nursing practice emerged.Amorphous practice was the overall theme revealed in the underlying cultural patterns that shaped the practice of nursing in the remote area. The term amorphous practice is defined as the changeable nature of practice from nurse to nurse, from situation to situation, from time to time. This was observed in the recurrent differences between nurses in their knowledge, abilities and attitudes as well as in the variability between nurses in their management of client care. Contributors to the phenomenon of amorphous practice were found in three distinct, but inter-related, tributary themes termed detachment, diffusion and beyond the nursing domain. Detachment explained the nurses' feelings of separateness from the usual professional and organisational structures needed for the enactment of nursing. Diffusion encapsulated the broad spread of the nurses' role in remote area practice. Beyond the nursing domain described an unregulated practice considered to be outside the responsibilities of nursing care. The substantive theory of amorphous practice provided a detailed description of how nursing was practised in the remote area. It also explained why it was so different from nursing as it is generally understood by the profession.
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Cramer, Jennifer H. "Nursing practice in a remote area : an ethnographic study." Curtin University of Technology, School of Nursing, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11936.
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The solitary position of nurses who practise in geographically isolated communities to provide direct health care to a predominantly Aboriginal population characterises nursing in remote areas. Munoz & Mann (1982) described this practice as unique. The uniqueness of this practice, however, has remained shrouded in superficial descriptions featuring service delivery at a one or two-nurse-post, the physical distance of nursing posts from hospital facilities and the autonomy with which nursing is performed. Only glimpses of the reality of nursing practice in a remote area have been revealed through the study of the educational needs of remote area nurses (Munoz & Mann 1982, Cameron-Traub 1987, Philp 1988, Kreger 1991a, Bell, Chang & Daly 1995). A key problem is the lack of a systematic description and detailed analysis of nursing as it is practised in a remote area.The purpose of this study was to explore, describe and analyse nursing practice in a remote area. The research was undertaken at Warburton, an isolated community mainly inhabited by the Ngaanyatjarra people in the Central Desert of Western Australia. An ethnographic design was chosen for this exploratory inquiry into the social and cultural pattern of everyday nursing practice. In a pre-entry study a suitable setting and informants were found. Fieldwork was conducted at the Warburton nursing post by the researcher and involved living on site for a year. Data gathering techniques were participant observation together with interviewing, collection of pertinent documents and the daily chronological recording of fieldnotes, memos and a personal journal. Data analysis was performed concurrently with data gathering. The process followed the Developmental Research Sequence Method by Spradley (1980). Through a cyclical process of data collection and analysis the domains, taxonomies and componential variables in the ++culture of remote area nursing practice emerged.Amorphous practice was the overall theme revealed in the underlying cultural patterns that shaped the practice of nursing in the remote area. The term amorphous practice is defined as the changeable nature of practice from nurse to nurse, from situation to situation, from time to time. This was observed in the recurrent differences between nurses in their knowledge, abilities and attitudes as well as in the variability between nurses in their management of client care. Contributors to the phenomenon of amorphous practice were found in three distinct, but inter-related, tributary themes termed detachment, diffusion and beyond the nursing domain. Detachment explained the nurses' feelings of separateness from the usual professional and organisational structures needed for the enactment of nursing. Diffusion encapsulated the broad spread of the nurses' role in remote area practice. Beyond the nursing domain described an unregulated practice considered to be outside the responsibilities of nursing care. The substantive theory of amorphous practice provided a detailed description of how nursing was practised in the remote area. It also explained why it was so different from nursing as it is generally understood by the profession.
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Whittaker, Sarah. "Coping with the role of being a remote area medic in a high threat area." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604353.
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Research has well established the role of social support in coping with stressful and traumatic events, but has yet to examine how individuals cope with such events when social support is not available. In order to examine this question, research needed to indentify a naturally occurring, isolated group, who are exposed to stressful and traumatic events. The relatively recent expansion of remote medicine provided this opportunity. Remote Area Medics (RAM) are an occupational group who work autonomously to provide medical services in remote sites and thus their experiences include both professional and social isolation. In addition, RAMs share commonalities with paramedics and groups deployed to high threat areas, which suggests they could be exposed to similar experiences that are known to increase risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and common mental health difficulties. Therefore RAMs provided this study the opportunity to explore how individuals cope with stressful and traumatic events when social support is not available. In addition, the inference that RAMs are at increased risk of PTSD and common mental health difficulties has yet to be researched, and therefore this study also explored the stressors and psychological impact associated with working as a RAM. The lived experiences of six RAMs working in Iraq were explored by conducting interviews and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three master themes emerged: the experience of, and coping with being remote; a different medic in a different culture; and the need to be heard, understood and validated. The analyses revealed a number of stressors unique to remote medicine and evidence that RAM could be at increased risk of depression. The study highlights the concept of virtual support as a way of coping with stressful and traumatic events when social support is no available. The concept and potential wider application of virtual support is discussed.
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Wallace, Rick L., Nakia J. Woodward, Emily Weyant, Kelly R. Loyd, and Rachel R. Walden. "The Evolution of Library Services at Remote Area Medical Clinics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8825.
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Fagelson, Marc A., and K. McCreery. "Audiology Services at Remote Area Medical Expeditions in Southern Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1679.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Audiology Services at Remote Area Medical Expeditions in Southern Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1963.
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This presentation summarizes the preparation for, and execution of, audiology series provided by East Tennessee State University's Audiology, Program at Remote Area Medical (RAM) expeditiors in the Southern Appalachian region. In 2010 and 2012, ETSU audiology faculty and students evaluatd 281 patients and subsequently fit 178 hearing aids.
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Cooper, Robert C. "Remote application support in a multi level environment /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FCooper.pdf.
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Jones, Phillip J. "Cooperative area surveillance strategies using multiple unmanned systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28134.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. George Vachtsevanos; Committee Member: Ayanna Howard; Committee Member: Dr. Thomas Michaels; Committee Member: Eric Johnson; Committee Member: Linda Wills.
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Marco, David Bryan. "Autonomous control of underwater vehicles and local area maneuvering." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA322339.
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Dissertation (Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.Dissertation supervisor(s): Anthony Healey. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 341-345). Also available online.
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Johnson, Ryan L. "Airborne remote sensing of forest leaf area index in mountainous terrain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49131.pdf.
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Johnson, Ryan L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Airborne remote sensing of forest leaf area index in mountainous terrain." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2000, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/90.
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Leaf area index (LAI) provides forestry information that is important for regional scale ecological models and in studies of global change. This research examines the effects of mountainous terrain on the radiometric properties of multispectral CASI imagery in estimating ground-based optical measurements of LAI, obtained using the TRAC and LAI- 2000 systems. Field and image data were acquired summer 1998 in Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada. To account for the influence of terrain a new modified approach using the Li and Strahler Geometric Optical Mutual Shadowing (GOMS) model in 'multiple forward mode' (MFM) was developed. This new methodology was evaluated against four traditional radiometric corrections used in comination with spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and NDVI. The MFM approach provided the best overall predictions of LAI measured with ground-based optical instruments, followed by terrain normalized SMA, SMA without terrain normalization and NDVI.xiv, 151 leaves : ill. (some col.), map ; 29 cm.
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Pipattanasomporn, Manisa. "A Study of Remote Area Internet Access with Embedded Power Generation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30267.
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This study presents a methodology and the necessary analytical tools to evaluate the alternatives to provide Internet access with embedded power generation in remote areas. The objective is to provide a screening tool for policy makers to analyze possible telecom and power alternatives. Results from the study demonstrate the technical alternatives to providing sustainable Internet and power access. The dissertation investigates innovative telecom technologies currently available on the market, and develops a model that generates a Telecom-and-Internet access map of a region or a small country. The map illustrates the combination of technologies and their locations that can provide wide-area Internet access to cover a majority of the population at the least cost. The model then looks at the design of a small-scale power system for a remote location where grid power is unavailable or unreliable. The methodology takes into account locally available energy resources, technical and economic parameters of each power generating technology, and the trade-off among investment costs, environmental costs and system robustness. Lastly, a computer simulation is conducted to verify that the power system design has the ability to meet the demand at the level of required reliability.
A remote area of a developing country (Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts - Bangladesh) is selected as a case study. Several scenarios are simulated in order to explore the possibility of extending the reach of the Internet and electric power to the remote area, and to conceptualize pilot projects as building blocks to build a countrywide infrastructure. Since the selected area is one of the least developed and most difficult to access in Bangladesh, demonstrating that the Internet and local power access can be provided to this area can serve as a model for similar places around the world.Ph. D.
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Belden, Deborah Jeanne. "Geomorphological mapping of the K2 area, Pakistan using GIS and remote sensing." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112008-121208/.
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Roberts, Emyr Gordon. "Deprivation in a remote rural area : a case study in mid-Wales." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334828.
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Fagelson, Marc A., and Katie McCreery. "Barriers to Hearing Healthcare in Appalachia and the Remote Area Medical Experience." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1958.
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Lim, Alexander Alamil. "Simulation and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic system for remote area applications." Thesis, Lim, Alexander Alamil (1993) Simulation and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic system for remote area applications. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53029/.
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The main objective of the work described in this thesis is to simulate and evaluate the performance of a transportable photovoltaic system, the Solar Pack, that is currently deployed to serve the Aboriginal communities in several remote areas of Australia and which could possibly be adopted in many developing countries. This study also addresses the necessary meteorological and PV system parameters and methods needed to predict the Solar Pack's energy output.
Realizing the fact that the diffuse and/or direct beam components of the global radiation are very seldom measured, especially in many developing countries, a correlation model is developed to estimate the hourly diffuse fraction in terms of the measured hourly global irradiance and clearness index for Perth, Western Australia. Half-hourly diffuse and global irradiation data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology were integrated and used in the development of a linear model. The validity of the model is tested against similar well-known models and actual meteorological data and found to perform better statistically in terms of the root mean square error, mean bias error and absolute mean percentage error. The diffuse or direct irradiance values estimated using the model agree quite well with the measured values with slight underestimation particularly for times of day with high clearness index values. Overestimation is observed for low to intermediate clearness index values. This tends to indicate that the model could be further improved if other predictive parameters such as information on the air mass or solar altitude is incorporated in the model.
The computer simulation program, PVFORM, is used to predict the hourly plane of array insolation and the Solar Pack PV performance characteristics. The result of a mean bias error test (MBE = +0.16) on the comparison between the measured and estimated plane of array (POA) insolation indicates that PVFORM tends to slightly overestimate the POA insolation particularly during the summer months. Slight underestimation is observed for the winter months of June and July. The average overall accuracy of PVFORM in estimating the POA insolation based on the mean percentage error test is 4.31%.
The correlation model developed in this study to estimate the hourly diffuse fraction of the global radiation is also used to generate the hourly direct radiation values as required by the PVFORM insolation model. A mean percentage error of 4.99% is obtained for 1991-1992 period. The results indicated that the correlation model can also be employed to generate direct radiation values that can be used as inputs by the PVFORM insolation model.
The measured hourly performance of the Solar Pack PV system is compared with that predicted by the PVFORM simulation program. Initial results show that the simulated values overestimated the measured values of PV energy. A high mean percent error of 71.75% was obtained. This was found to be due to the cutting-off function of the voltage controller which isolates the main PV array of the Solar Pack when the battery voltage reaches about 28 volts. The introduction of additional load has greatly reduced the difference between the measured and estimated PV energy where the mean percent error decreased to 10.53%. Overestimation, however, is still observed based on the mean bias test and this is primarily due to the absence of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) on the Solar Pack. The PVFORM simulation program operates on the assumption that the PV system being simulated is maximum power-tracked. Other factors that cause these discrepancies are investigated. When the PVFORM dc power calculation code was modified to include of the effect of the cutting-off function of the electronic controller, the average overall accuracy of PVFORM in estimating PV energy was found to be 4.3%.
The installation of a maximum power point tracker in 1993 reversed the comparative trend between the measured and estimated values. The mean bias error test shows that the PV energy underestimation is more pronounced during the summer months. The observed trend in the energy estimation tends to indicate that for a PV system which is maximum power-tracked, the PVFORM simulation program would provide slightly lower values than those measured particularly during the summer months.
Sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the effect of increasing the ambient temperature on the calculated PV energy. It was found that a 1°C change in ambient temperature would result in average 0.39% variation in calculated PV energy.
PVFORM's use of the battery state of charge (SOC) to describe the distribution of energy of the Solar Pack PV system is investigated. Possible incompatibilities between the SOC usage and Solar Pack system control are addressed. This has important implications for predicting the reliability and effectiveness of the PV system being simulated.
The application of the loss of load hours (LOLH) and loss of module hours (LOMH) parameters based on the PVFORM-calculated SOC values and the measured PV energy and battery voltage indicated that the reliability and availability of the Solar Pack cannot be accurately described in this way.
Due to the daily and seasonal variation in the POA insolation, the Solar Pack is found to provide an average of 3 - 8 kWh/day of PV energy. The minimum and maximum amount of energy occurring during the months of June and January, respectively. Calculation of the loss of load hours based on the measured hourly battery voltage indicated that a reliability of 100% is attained by the Solar Pack for the duration of this study. The average daily conversion efficiency of the Solar Pack with and without the MPPT is determined to be 8% and 8.6%, respectively.
This study shows that much of the energy produced by Solar Pack is dumped and there is a need for proper load management. Facilities that would allow intermittent operation should be added so that the system can be kept fully loaded.
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Rodriguez, de Ornelas Edna Patricia 1958. "Digital analysis applied to mineral exploration at the Puerto Libertad area, Sonora, Mexico." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278249.
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Digital analysis of thematic mapper images and digital elevation model (DEM) of the Puerto Libertad area, emphasized a NE-E structural pattern and a less evident N-S structural trend. These structures may correspond to the distensive mechanisms of the opening of the Gulf of California. Also, semicircular structures in the area were recognized. These are associated to plutonic bodies or local volcanic centers. Exploration targets are most likely to occur in the last type of structures. Analysis included multispectral ratios of bands 5/7 and 5/1 to enhance lithologic discrimination and alteration zones especially hydroxyl-bearing and ferric iron alterations. Principal component analysis to enhance spectral data was also performed. Images revealed new lithologic subdivisions in units previously mapped. Analysis of DEM data and gradient operators from the first principal component image were analyzed to extract textural information.
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Sundlie, Paul. "An Integer-Based Approach for Back Projection of Wide Area Imagery." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1335540912.
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Zhang, Shasha. "Device aggregation with data networking : Implementing a Personal Area Network." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91681.
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Technology is advancing rapidly and intelligent devices are becoming affordable and wireless infrastructure is becoming pervasive. Personal information technology appliances have become part of our life, via cellular phones, PDAs, Bluetooth headsets, handheld keyboards, GPS, and digital cameras. In the future, new intelligent devices will be invented as technology evolves. However, because multiple devices provide similar (but different) functionality it is complex for the average user to choose a single device. Moreover, today it is hard to configure, administer, and use several different appliances together. In order to be utilized in an effective manner and in an accessible way, personal devices should be aggregated, i.e., connected together via a local area network so that they can appear to the user as if they were a single device. This paper introduces a connection model based on device aggregation to realize shared state, the behavior of a shared appliance, and with the superset of the individual device functionality. Such an aggregated logical device might even exhibit functions which a user would have a very hard time realizing by manually combining devices. This will facilitate the user’s control over their appliances (build of different devices), but acting as one device. The project was a joint effort with David Sabaté Mogica. We developed such a system based on Dynamic Host Client protocol (DHCP) and Service Location Protocol (SLP) for service discovery and Virtual Network Computing (VNC) for remote desktop control. The system builds on a laboratory network environment. This thesis concerns the implementation and evaluation of service discovery. The Remote desktop control was researched and implemented separately and will be reported separately. Service discovery between two computers has been implemented using a custom program developed for a PDA. However, at present the PDA only sends a DA request packet with DHCP. However, service discovery has been successfully tested between two computers. This provided an important base for the programming on PDA and the future development of a similar program for a cellular phone.Den snabba tekniska utvecklingen ger våra apparater mer och mer intelligens, priset på avancerade produkter är överkomligt och trådlösa infrastrukturer binder samman allt fler produkter. Tekniska produkter har blivit en del av vår vardag: Mobiltelefon, PDA-er, trådlösa hörlurar och tangentbord med blåtandsradio, GPS och digitalkameror. I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen kommer hela tiden nya intelligenta och kommunicerande produkter. Man kan hitta liknande funktioner i olika produkter, och det är svårt för den vanlige användaren att välja den optimala produkten. Dessutom har de avancerade produkterna många parametrar att ställa in, och att använda olika produkter tillsammans kräver att användaren är djupt insatt i tekniken. Genom att aggregera, koppla ihop, produkterna i ett lokalt nätverk, kan deras funktioner användas effektivt och göras bättre tillgängliga genom att de för användaren ser ut som om de tillhör en enda produkt. Denna avhandling introducerar en kommunikationsmodell baserad på produktaggregering genom delade gemensamma tillstånd och reaktioner hos de ingående produkterna, med tillägg av respektive produkters särskilda funktioner. En sådant logiskt produktaggregat kan också fås att utföra funktioner som användaren annars skulle ha väldigt svårt att realisera genom att manuellt kombinera de nödvändiga produktfunktionerna. Det underlättar alltså användningen av systemet (byggt av flera olika produkter), som fungerar som om det vore en enda produkt. Projektet har genomförts tillsammans med David Sabaté Mogica. Vi har utvecklat ett system för produktaggregering baserat på Dynamic Host Client protocol (DHCP) och Service Location Protocol (SLP) för att identifiera tillgängliga fuktioner och Virtual Network Computing (VNC) för ”remote desktop control”. Systemet är byggt i ett laboratorienät. Avhandlingen fokuserar på hur identifiering av tillgängliga funktioner och tjänster genomförs och utvärderas. ”Remote desktop control” utvecklades och infördes separat och kommer att rapporteras separat. Ömsesidig identifiering av funktioner mellan två datorer har genomförts med ett program utvecklat speciellt för en PDA. Hittils sänder emellertid PDA’n bara ett DA-frågepaket med DHCP. Den ömsesidiga funktionsidentifieringen är dock testad och fungerar mellan två datorer vilket gav den nödvändiga grunden för programmeringen av PDA’n och för framtida utveckling av liknande program för mobiltelefoner.
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Uddqvist, Anette, and Ida Roberthson. "Improvement of sampling system for Remote Explosive Scent Tracing." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4226.
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Remote Explosives Scent Tracing (REST) is the concept of bringing the mine field to Mine Detection Dogs or Rats, instead of vice versa. This is done by collecting air or dust from minefields, and taking these samples to a laboratory environment, where they are subsequently analysed by the detection animals.
REST has previously proven to be very fast and cost effective, but one of the issues facing the method is that there is yet no reliable tool for sampling dust. In earlier sampling units, air has been collected in filters. However, the concentration of scents related to mines has been seen to be a million times higher in dust particles than in air sampled from above the ground. The aim of this project was to evaluate and improve a dust sampling prototype constructed in the beginning of 2010. The project was initiated in cooperation with the GICHD (Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian demining), and carried out in cooperation with APOPO (Anti-Personnel Landmines Detection Product Development).
During this project, information was gathered on the samplers that have previously been used for REST. A new prototype was made in Trondheim in cooperation with NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology). With this new sampler prototype, tests were made in a laboratory environment at NTNU as well as at APOPO’s test mine field in Morogoro, Tanzania. Several obstacles were faced, such as difficulties to test and evaluate the sampler during the rainy season, insufficient air supply for the prototype, and issues with the laboratory equipment in Morogoro. Due to this, the number of tests performed and the number of repetitions of each test was not as high as would have been desired.
The results of the information gathering and the tests are presented in this report, and the knowledge and experience gained resulted in several suggestions for improvements for the sampler prototype. A suggestion for a grid design that would cover the entire mouth piece, with a built-in distance to the suction inlet, in order to avoid both clogging of the grid and that too much dust is sucked in if the mouth piece touches the ground and a fully adjustable sampling unit. Several other recommendations are given that would reduce cross contamination risks and improve ergonomics and other aspects of the sampler prototype.
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Doddathimmaiah, Arun Kumar, and arun doddathimmaiah@rmit edu au. "Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cells in Solar - Hydrogen Systems for Remote Area Power Supply." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081128.140252.
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Remote area power supply (RAPS) is a potential early market for renewable energy - hydrogen systems because of the relatively high costs of conventional energy sources in remote regions. Solar-hydrogen RAPS systems commonly employ photovoltaic panels, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser, a storage for hydrogen gas, and a PEM fuel cell. Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cells (URFCs) use the same hardware for both electrolyser and fuel cell functions. Since both of these functions are not required simultaneously in a solar hydrogen RAPS system, URFCs based on PEM technology provide a promising opportunity for reducing the cost of the hydrogen subsystem used in renewable-energy hydrogen systems for RAPS. URFCs also have potential applications in the areas of aerospace, submarines, energy storage for central grids, and hydrogen cars. In this thesis, a general theoretical relationship between cell potential and current density of a single-cell PEM URFC operating in both fuel-cell (FC) and electrolyser (E) modes is developed using modified Butler-Volmer equations for both oxygen- and hydrogen-electrodes, and accounting for mass transport losses and saturation behaviour in both modes, membrane resistance to proton current, and membrane and electrode resistances to electron current. This theoretical relationship is used to construct a computer model based on Excel and Visual Basic to generate voltage-current (V-I) polarisation curves in both E and FC modes for URFCs with a range of membrane electrode assembly characteristics. The model is used to investigate the influence on polarisation curves of varying key parameters such charge transfer coefficients, exchange current densities, saturation currents, and membrane conductivity. A method for using the model to obtain best-fit values for electrode characteristics corresponding to an experime ntally-measured polarisation curve of a URFC is presented. The experimental component of the thesis has involved the design and construction of single PEM URFCs with an active area of 5 cm2 with a number of different catalyst types and loadings. V-I curves for all these cells have been measured and the performance of the cells compared. The computer model has then been used to obtain best-fit values for the electrode characteristics for the URFCs with single catalyst materials active in each mode on each electrode for the corresponding experimentally-measured V-I curves. Generally values have been found for exchange current densities, charge transfer coefficients, and saturation current densities that give a close fit between the empirical and theoretically-generated curves. The values found conform well to expectations based on the catalyst loadings, in partial confirmation of the validity of the modelling approach. The model thus promises to be a useful tool in identifying electrodes with materials and structures, together with optimal catalyst types and loadings that will improve URFC performance. Finally the role URFCs can play in developing cost-competitive solar- hydrogen RAPS systems is discussed, and some future directions for future URFC research and development are identified.
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Bowyer, P. "Estimating leaf area index in savanna vegetation using remote sensing and inverse modelling." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2234/.
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Leaf area index (LAI), defined as the one sided green leaf area per unit ground area, is a key parameter in ecosystem process models. Owing to the large area of the earth's surface that they occupy, savanna ecosystems represent the third largest terrestrial carbon sink. There is considerable uncertainty however, as to the functioning of these ecosystems, particularly as they respond to land cover changes. Consequently, ecosystem process models constitute one of the best methods available for investigating the effect this may have on terrestrial carbon cycling. If these models are to be used over large areas however, they need to be parameterised. This thesis develops a methodology to estimate LAI in savanna ecosystems, using remotely sensed earth observation (EO) data, laboratory bidirectional reflectance measurements (BRDF), physically based canopy reflectance models (CRMs), and artificial neural networks (ANN). First, the scattering behaviour of Kalahari soils was characterised, by making laboratory BRDF measurements. Soils were shown to be highly non-Lambertian. These measurements were then used to parameterise three different CRMs. Modelled reflectances were assessed with respect to Landsat ETM+ and Terra-MODIS reflectances. Results showed that a 1-D turbid medium provided the closest fit to the measurements. A series of model sensitivity analyses (SA) were performed, and it was shown that reflectance in the red and shortwave infrared displayed greatest sensitivity to LAI, sensitivity in the near-infrared was negligible. Model inversions were performed with ANN and different waveband combinations, and LAI was estimated. The results showed that LAI could be estimated with high accuracy, an RMSE of 0.3 1, and 0.18, from ETM+ and MODIS measurements, respectively. These results were promising, and with further improvements to models, coupled with more accurate input data, will see the use of EO data play an increasingly important role in understanding the functioning of these savanna ecosystems.
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Thapa, Kiran. "CONTRIBUTIONS OF OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING TO PERMAFROST MAPPING IN DONNELLY TRAINING AREA, ALASKA." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2764.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OFKiran Thapa, for the Master of Science degree in Geography and Environmental Resources, presented on April 8, 2020, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale.TITLE: CONTRIBUTIONS OF OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING TO PERMAFROST MAPPING IN DONNELLY TRAINING AREA, ALASKA MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Guangxing Wang Permafrost occupies about a quarter of the northern hemisphere land with 25.5 million ha. Global warming and anthropogenic activities affect the dynamics of permafrost. Snow and permafrost, in turn, serve as an indicator of climate change and human activity disturbance. The dynamics of permafrost are often estimated using interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) methods. However, acquiring and processing InSAR images is costly and computation intensive. Due to various spectral variables and indices available from optical images, Landsat satellite images that are free-downloadable provide the potential for studying and monitoring changes of permafrost. The overall objective of this study was to explore the use of optical images as a cost-effective method to map permafrost in Donnelly Training Area (DTA) - an installation located in Alaska. First, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images from January 2014 to December 2018 were used to calculate various remote sensing variables. The variables included Land Surface Temperature (LST), albedo, Soil Moisture index (SMI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Water index (NDWI), Simple Ratio (SR), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Triangular Vegetation Index(TVI), Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI), and Active Layer Thickness (ALT). Moreover, elevation, slope, and aspect were obtained from a digital elevation model (DEM). The variables were used to estimate the probabilities of permafrost presence (POP) for DTA. The logistic and linear models were respectively selected and optimized based on logistic and linear stepwise regression for the estimation of and ALT. A total of 414 field observations that were collected from 1994 to 2012 were utilized for validation of models.The results showed that the POP in DTA was significantly affected by all the factors except aspect and EVI. The factor that was most correlated with ln((1-POP)/POP) was elevation, then NDVI, albedo, ALT, LST, NDWI, NDSI, slope, TVI, RSR, SMI, NDBI, SR, SAVI, NBR and VARI. A total of six prediction models were obtained. The elevation, NDVI, LST, TVI, ALT, SLOPE, RSR, SMI, NBR, and NDSI were finally chosen in the best model 5.6 with the smallest relative root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). The albedo used in previous studies was excluded in the final model, implying that the albedo was not critical to the prediction of POP. In addition to the previously used elevation, NDVI and SMI, other predictors including LST, TVI, ALT, SLOPE, RSR, NBR, and NDSI could not be ignored in the prediction of POP. The model generated reasonable spatial distribution of POP in which POP had greater values in the east, northeast, north, and northwest parts and smaller in the south and southwest parts. Except for NDVI, NDWI, NDSI, aspect, and RSR, moreover, all other predictors showed significant contributions to the prediction of ALT. The SMI, ELEVATION, SAVI, NDBI, SLOPE, LST, SR, EVI, VARI, and TVI were finally selected in the best model 5.14 with the smallest relative RMSE and AIC. The ALT highly varied over the study area with the spatial patterns inversely consistent with those of POP.The results are essential for the governments, policymakers, and other concerned stakeholders to estimate the degradation of permafrost in DTA and minimize the risk of policy decision-making for land use management and planning. This study will help to understand the global climate change, changing ecosystems, increasing concentration in the atmosphere, and human activity-induced disturbance.
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Herbig, Christopher Fred. "Use of OpenSSH support for remote login to a multilevel secure system." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FHerbig.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.Thesis Advisor(s): Cynthia E. Irvine, Thuy D. Nguyen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-202). Also available online.
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Donovan, Anne, and n/a. "In a nutshell, it's the very basics: remote area nurses' constructions of primary health care." Griffith University. School of Nursing and Midwifery, 1997. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050901.104302.
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This study explores the constructions of primary health care held by remote area nurses working in indigenous communities without resident medical practitioners, in the Northern Territory. Primary health care is increasingly permeating health policy in Australia, and nurses in remote areas are responsible for its implementation. The study investigates past and present discussions of the meaning of the concept of primary health care to begin to identify the major forces which have problematically impacted on its evolution and interpretation. It traces the threads which emerge from these forces through the more recent developments of health promotion and new pubflc health to explore the discourses and strategies they have produced, and which overtly and covertly influence the implementation of primary health care. Remote area nurses are individually interviewed and their discussions analysed to explore the constructions of primary health care which they hold. The analysis also explores some of the ways in which these constructions may have come to exist, the evident impact of current discourses, and the absence of effective support in the further development of these constructions. The remote area nurses' discussions display a view of primary health care as the most basic of health services, focussed on personal hygiene and the individual's responsibility in prevention of illness, operated through encounters which offer opportunities for education and basic curative care. While several of the nurses indicate discomfort with the paternalistic nature of such a service, none are aware of ways in which they might resolve their concerns about it. The study briefly explores positive approaches towards the democratization of health care, and examines the support needed by remote area nurses if primary health care is to be effectively implemented by them.
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Donovan, Anne. "In a nutshell, it's the very basics: remote area nurses' constructions of primary health care." Thesis, Griffith University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365211.
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This study explores the constructions of primary health care held by remote area nurses working in indigenous communities without resident medical practitioners, in the Northern Territory. Primary health care is increasingly permeating health policy in Australia, and nurses in remote areas are responsible for its implementation. The study investigates past and present discussions of the meaning of the concept of primary health care to begin to identify the major forces which have problematically impacted on its evolution and interpretation. It traces the threads which emerge from these forces through the more recent developments of health promotion and new pubflc health to explore the discourses and strategies they have produced, and which overtly and covertly influence the implementation of primary health care. Remote area nurses are individually interviewed and their discussions analysed to explore the constructions of primary health care which they hold. The analysis also explores some of the ways in which these constructions may have come to exist, the evident impact of current discourses, and the absence of effective support in the further development of these constructions. The remote area nurses' discussions display a view of primary health care as the most basic of health services, focussed on personal hygiene and the individual's responsibility in prevention of illness, operated through encounters which offer opportunities for education and basic curative care. While several of the nurses indicate discomfort with the paternalistic nature of such a service, none are aware of ways in which they might resolve their concerns about it. The study briefly explores positive approaches towards the democratization of health care, and examines the support needed by remote area nurses if primary health care is to be effectively implemented by them.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Barker, McKayla, Angela Chrisman, Mason Johnson, Matthew Gouge, and Emily K. Flores. "I.M.P.A.C.T. of Interprofessional Student Teams at a Remote Area Medical Clinic in Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/26.
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Introduction: Remote Area Medical (RAM), a non-profit organization serving underserved populations, partnered with East Tennessee State University to provide a unique learning opportunity for student volunteers at a clinic in rural Appalachia. Interprofessional student teams were established with undergraduate and graduate students in multiple professions. This study examined the impact on attitudes of students who participated and the impact of student teams on the event, hypothesizing that a positive impact would be seen on both. COVID-19 adjustments made were also evaluated.
Methods: Surveys of student participants were conducted electronically utilizing REDCap before and after participation in the event. Surveys included demographic questions, validated surveys, and open-ended questions. Demographic questions gauged personal background, level of education, and history of interprofessional education or events. The previously validated surveys utilized were the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Scale-Revised (ICAAS-R) and the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised Instrument Version 2 (SPICE-R2). Quantitative data was analyzed with SPSS version 25. Qualitative data was analyzed with deductive coding. Interventions were tallied by student teams during the event.
Results: Eighty-nine students participated logging 1,213 interventions and 84 completed portions of the survey (94% response rate). ICAAS-R (n=79) displayed mean increases from 4.19 out of 5 in the pre-survey to 4.58 in the post-survey (p
Conclusion: Statistically significant quantitative findings and qualitative themes supported the hypothesis that working in interprofessional teams at a RAM event would positively impact student attitudes towards interprofessional practice, and that student teams would have a positive impact on the event. COVID-19 adjustments made were well perceived. Findings can be summarized with the I.M.P.A.C.T. neumonic.
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Weyant, Emily C., Nakia J. Woodward, Rachel R. Walden, and Rick L. Wallace. "Reflections on a Decade of Promoting Consumer Health Resources at Remote Area Medical Clinics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8675.
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Librarians at the East Tennessee State University (ETSU) Quillen College of Medicine Library have provided consumer health outreach services to rural and underserved populations at Remote Area Medical (RAM) clinics since 2009. These outreach services heavily depend upon and promote consumer health websites and National Library of Medicine (NLM) resources in order to reach the largest number of people at the lowest possible cost. This article will provide a brief overview of RAM clinics in Wise, VA, and Gray, TN, served by ETSU librarians for years. Additionally, this article will discuss the evolution of ETSU QCoM librarian outreach initiatives relating to these clinics over the past decade. This article includes a list of online consumer health resources used to support these initiatives as well as a list of most commonly addressed consumer health topics.
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Walden, Rachel R., Rick L. Wallace, and Nakia J. Woodward. "Best Practices for Medical Relief Clinics: Lessons Learned from Partnering with Remote Area Medical." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8836.
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May, David Z. "A MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING INVESTIGATION OF LEAF AREA INDEX AT BLACK ROCK FOREST, NY." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1157569101.
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Cassidy, Kelly Michela. "Use of Remote Sensing for Cover Type Interpretation Over the Ray Roberts Reservoir Area." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798144/.
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As part of a pre-impoundment study for the Ray Roberts Reservoir Area, Landsat-5 multi-spectral scanner (MSS) imagery was used for cover type interpretation. This research was concerned with analysis techniques for MSS images and a comparison of results obtained using computer assisted interpretatin of MSS images and a comparison of results obtained using computer assisted interpretation of MSS images with those obtained using manual interpretation of false color infrared (CIR) photographs.
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Elamari, Matouk M. Mh. "Optimisation of photovoltaic-powered electrolysis for hydrogen production for a remote area in Libya." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optimisation-of-photovoltaicpowered-electrolysis-for-hydrogen-production-for-a-remote-area-in-libya(c94a48c7-62b9-4d0b-86ce-f674c18c1c0c).html.
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Hydrogen is a potential future energy storage medium to supplement a variety of renewable energy sources. It can be regarded as an environmentally-friendly fuel, especially when it is extracted from water using electricity obtained from solar panels or wind turbines. The focus in this thesis is on solar energy, and the theoretical background (i.e., PSCAD computer simulation) and experimental work related to a water-splitting, hydrogen-production system are presented. The hydrogen production system was powered by a photovoltaic (PV) array using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser. The PV array and PEM electrolyser display an inherently non-linear current-voltage relationship that requires optimal matching of maximum operating power. Optimal matching between the PV system and the electrolyser is essential to maximise the transfer of electrical energy and the rate of hydrogen production. A DC/DC converter is used for power matching by shifting the PEM electrolyser I-V curve as closely as possible toward the maximum power the PV can deliver. By taking advantage of the I-V characteristics of the electrolyser (i.e., the DC/DC converter output voltage is essentially constant whereas the current increases dramatically), we demonstrated experimentally and in simulations that the hydrogen production of the PV-electrolyser system can be optimised by adjusting the duty cycle generated by the pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuit. The strategy used was to fix the duty cycle at the ratio of the PV maximum power voltage to the electrolyser operating voltage. A stand-alone PV energy system, using hydrogen as the storage medium, was designed. The system would be suitable for providing power for a family's house located in a remote area in the Libyan Sahara.
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Jennings, Stephanie. "Development and application of a computerised design tool for remote area power supply systems." Thesis, Jennings, Stephanie (1996) Development and application of a computerised design tool for remote area power supply systems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52362/.
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Good design of renewable energy electrical systems is essential to the acceptance of this new technology for widespread use. The systems need to be convincing to consumers in terms of performance reliability and cost-effectiveness, when compared to the traditional options of grid extension or a diesel generator. Essential to the selection of a good design is a thorough design approach.
The purpose behind this work was to develop a software package that could guide the user in the design process for renewable power systems. The software, known as RESSAD (Renewable Energy System Simulation And Design), had at its core a simulation model, known as RESIM (Renewable Energy SEMulation). The model predicts the performance of renewable standalone and renewable diesel hybrid systems. A system simulation model can be easily misused if there is not a good understanding of the site’s renewable resources and load trends, prior to any simulation, and if the implications of simulation results are not understood. Therefore, to enhance the usefulness of RESIM, a range of design tools were developed for use prior to, and after the simulation.
The design tools provide a series of steps that lead to the selection of an initial system design. Industry experience was utilised to establish guiding principles for sound, economical system design. These principles were offered to the user in the form of conclusions on the renewable resource and its relationship to the load, and recommendations for both the system type and the size of components.
A broad user group was envisaged for this software, and so the software is user-friendly for the inexperienced designer, while still offering some sophisticated control features. The software also had to be reliable in its predictions and suggestions. This leads to a compromise between model complexity, to ensure sufficient accuracy, and user-friendliness, which entails a minimum number of input data, that are readily available.
Validation of RESIM was carried out to establish the level of accuracy that could be achieved with the model. Monitored data from both renewable standalone and hybrid systems were used in the validation process and a comparison was made with another simulation program, PVFORM, in order to further assess the PV model incorporated in RESIM. A need was identified for more reliable monitored data for such validation purposes.
Case studies were conducted to test the usefulness of the software, including the design tools. Renewable systems were sized and simulated for three different load ranges at seven Australian locations and the most economical designs were investigated with further simulations. The conclusions from these studies supported this approach in system design, and showed the need for further work to identify design principles, especially for the larger systems meeting loads over 20kWh/day.
Economic indicators, such as the net present cost, are the final outcome from the software and viewed as the key determinants of final system design. The validation process indicated the simulation accuracy of RESIM for renewable hybrid systems ranged from 2.5 to 15.5% for diesel operating hours per day and 6.1 to 8.7% for daily fuel consumption. Applying the worst errors to these parameters in the case studies produced errors in the net present cost of 8% for diesel/ inverter systems and under 2.5% for small renewable hybrid systems.
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Dhar, Tushar. "Communications network technologies for monitoring and control of power supply systems in remote areas." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Shakespeare, Louise. "Lymphoedema in a remote and rural area : an investigation into the prevalence of lymphoedema and its effect on daily living and quality of life in a remote and rural area in the far north of Scotland." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2012. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/lymphoedema-in-a-remote-and-rural-area(86565f97-7da4-490a-9d74-a76d3d5a64e2).html.
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Background to the study: The long term maintenance of lymphoedema depends on a daily regime of these physical therapies, which lend themselves to self-management by those with the condition (Lymphoedema Framework, 2006). It has been widely recognised in the literature for many years, e.g. Rose et al (1991) to Fu (2010), that achieving a reduction in volume of the lymphoedema and ensuring the ongoing maintenance of the condition is dependent upon knowledgeable healthcare professionals and patients, who are aware of the importance of self care and self management in the long term maintenance of the condition. The challenges for effective lymphoedema management may be exacerbated when the person lives in a very remote and rural area. It has been recognised by policymakers that sparsely populated and geographically remote areas need different healthcare solutions as many of the healthcare policies designed for urban areas are not applicable or sustainable in these areas (British Medical Association, 2005). Estimating the prevalence of the condition and considering the experience of a sample of people with lymphoedema who live in a very remote and rural area will contribute to the knowledge of the requirements for a lymphoedema service to be effective in such an area. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of lymphoedema/chronic oedema and to investigate the characteristics of the condition in a very remote and rural area of Scotland and to explore the experience of a sample of people living with the condition in that area. Methods: A mixed methods research strategy was used. An initial survey of GP practices was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of lymphoedema/chronic oedema and to generate a sample for the other two stages of the study. A postal questionnaire was used to collect quantitative and qualitative information from the initial sample, and to generate a smaller sample to participate in individual semi-structured qualitative interviews exploring the experience of living with and self-managing lymphoedema/chronic oedema in a very remote and rural area in the north of Scotland. Results: The estimated prevalence rate, based on GP report, was higher than that noted in prevalence studies in large urban areas. Based on questionnaire responses, 53% of participants stated their lymphoedema made no difference to how they felt about themselves. However, interviews revealed that frustration and anger was present despite acceptance of the situation; in particular, lack of information and effective treatment was a source of frustration. Many of the sample effectively self-managed their condition, based on their own commonsense experience. However, this resort to commonsense measures seemed to be as result of an apparent lack of awareness and intervention from health care professionals. Conclusions: The findings suggest that early recognition and even minimal support from a knowledgeable source at that early stage could help to maintain the lymphoedema and reduce the need for specialist treatments. Suggestions for the ways of improving early recognition of the condition and access to self-management support in a very remote and rural area are offered.
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Ghodieh, Mustafa Mohammad. "An evaluation of satellite remote sensing for crop area estimation in the West Bank, Palestine." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4547/.
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This thesis investigates the use of field and satellite data for crop area estimation in the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine. The satellite data were obtained by the SPOT HRV on 19 May 1994. The satellite data were geometrically corrected to the Palestine Grid using 1: 50,000 Israeli topographic maps. The study investigated the ability of SPOT HRV data to produce accurate crop area estimation of the northern part of the West Bank that is characterised with small field sizes and complex physical environment. A land cover classification scheme appropriate to the study area was designed. Twenty-three land cover classes were produced from the SPOT HRV classification. Land cover classes were developed to produce thematic land use classes. The classification accuracy obtained from SPOT HRV image classification was 81%. Classification results were assessed by using the known land use information obtained from the field during the training stage and the field sampling survey. The study area was divided into five strata and the field survey was conducted by applying a stratified random sampling methodology. Seventy three 1 km(^2) sample units were randomly chosen and surveyed by the author using maps, aerial photographs, satellite photographs, a questionnaire, camera photographs, and sketches. The field area measurements were taken and the final hectarage estimates were obtained for each crop type. The SPOT HRV and the field data were combined in regression analysis using a double sampling method and a hectarage estimate was produced for each crop in the study area. The results obtained showed that the regression estimator was more efficient than the field estimator and a gain in precision was achieved. The results were analysed on stratum and crop type basis. Remote sensing and thematic agricultural perspectives were used in the analysis. Results of the study suggest that it is possible to improve image classification accuracy by using better spatial and spectral resolution imagery and the integration of remote sensing data with agricultural data using the Geographical Information Systems (GIS).
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Vinh, Sean, Rebecca Maloney, Addison Lawson, and Emily K. Flores. "Impact of Interprofessional Healthcare Student Teams at a Remote Area Medical Event in Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/79.
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Interprofessional collaboration in healthcare is vital to the nation’s health and interprofessional education is of significant interest in the current academic climate and practice environment. Remote Area Medical is a non-profit healthcare organization that partners with community hosts to provide dental, vision, and medical services to medically underserved patients in remote areas of the United States and abroad. RAM mobile clinics have served over 785,000 people since their founding in 1985, providing vital healthcare services free of charge through the volunteer services of healthcare professionals. RAM mobile clinics provide an excellent opportunity for interprofessional collaboration and interprofessional education as learners partner with volunteer professionals to serve the community. The RAM mobile clinic in Gray, Tennessee was first established in 2017 and implemented the innovate utilization of undergraduate and graduate health professional students from the East Tennessee State University Academic Health Sciences Center in student teams. Interprofessional student teams along with precepting faculty are flexible in location and services offered to best serve the needs of the mobile clinic at any given time. Interprofessional student teams work to improve patient utilization of services offered at the event and assist with medication histories and health screens while growing student interprofessional patient care skills in the process. The objective of this research is to describe the impact of interprofessional student teams on patient care at the Gray, Tennessee RAM mobile clinic during the first two years. Data was collected from the years 2017 and 2018 by the student volunteer coordinator then analyzed by student researchers. The interprofessional student teams consisted of 87 student volunteers that were training in Clinical and Rehabilitative Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Public Health, or Pharmacy over the course of the three-day mobile clinic in 2017 and 109 different student volunteers in 2018. Student teams were precepted by interprofessional faculty and logged 2,332 interventions in 2017 and 1,130 interventions in 2018. The top two interventions in 2017 were Medication Histories and Blood Glucose Screens while the top two interventions in 2018 were Medication Histories and Health Screens. Variation in number of interventions logged and type of interventions logged can be explained by event characteristics that differed between the two years. Student participants commented positively on their engagement with one another and discussions they had to better understand each other’s professions between patient encounters. This research attempts to demonstrate that the impact of interprofessional student teams at a RAM mobile clinic is worth the investment of faculty resources in planning and execution to engage student learning while benefitting the patient population being served. This research also provided a hypothesis for additional research to be conducted around the 2019 Gray, Tennessee RAM mobile clinic.
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Cheok, Kenneth K. L. "The use of artificial neural networks in the control of remote area power supply systems." Thesis, Cheok, Kenneth K.L. (1998) The use of artificial neural networks in the control of remote area power supply systems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52365/.
Full textAbstract:
Remote Area Power Supply systems, or (RAPS), are increasingly being used to supply energy to remote areas not connected to the utility grid. Technological advances in recent years have made the inclusion of photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries and inverters a more cost effective option to the traditionally used diesel generator systems. In RAPS the use of such renewables involves a large initial capital cost. Frequent mismatch between the changing load demand and renewable supply may result in low system efficiency and wastage of renewables. For renewables to prove viable the operation of the system must maximise the use of the renewable component. Such an optimisation problem requires accurate short term forecasts of the load, together with the solar and wind resource.
This thesis describes a novel method of incorporating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to provide load forecasts to optimise the operation of larger hybrid RAPS systems. The key inputs to the ANN are investigated and identified for short term load forecasting. The forecasts are then compared to traditional statistical methods of load forecasting. The ANN is modified to make it adaptive to seasonal data and used to forecast the load for up to 24 hours ahead in three RAPS systems in Western Australia over a one year period. The accuracies of the ANN forecasts are analysed for each location.
A new predictive control strategy, known as the Predictive Control Strategy, is developed to improve the operation of a parallel hybrid RAPS system. An existing RAPS simulation model, RESIM, which utilises conventional control, is modified by incorporating predictive control algorithms into its structure. Initially, perfect forecasts of the load and weather are applied in a hypothetical operating environment created by RESIM. The system control actions and component performances are compared to the simulation results using a conventional control strategy without forecasts. The perfect simulation forecasts may be used to determine the theoretical upper limit of the benefits of the performance and cost savings that may be possible using such predictive control methods.
The ANN is then incorporated into the simulation model to provide the load forecasts. The control actions of this predictive control strategy are subsequently analysed by simulating over one year of data from two of the three locations, Yalgoo and Gascoyne Junction, and comparing the results to the conventional approach.
The results of the work in this thesis indicate that, compared to an equivalent RAPS system using conventional control, the Predictive Control has a potential to decrease operating costs of the diesel generator, while incurring a penalty in the form of increased battery replacement costs. However, an appropriately sized RAPS system using conventional control is shown to be very efficient in itself, and the benefits gained using this predictive approach are modest. Application of a life cycle cost methodology and a cost sensitivity analysis show that the overall economic benefit of such a predictive approach is dependent largely on the cost values used for the diesel fuel and battery components of the RAPS system.
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Hreinsson, Einar Örn. "Assimilation of snow covered area into a hydrologic model." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1777.
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Accurate knowledge of water content in seasonal snow can be helpful for water resource management. In this study, a distributed temperature index snow model based on temperature and precipitation as forcing data, is used to estimate snow storage in the Jollie catchment approximately 20km east of the main divide of the central Southern Alps, New Zealand. The main objective is to apply a frequently used assimilation method, the ensemble Kalman square root filter, to assimilate remotely sensed snow covered area into the model and evaluate the impacts of this approach on simulations of snow water equivalent. A 250m resolution remotely sensed data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), specifically tuned to the study location was used. Temperature and precipitation were given on a 0.055 latitude/longitude grid. Precipitation was perturbed as input into the model, generating 100 ensemble members, which represented model error. Only observations of snow covered area that had less that 25% cloud cover classification were used in the assimilation precess. The error in the snow covered area observations was assumed to be 0.1 and grow linearly with cloud cover fraction up to 1 for a totally cloud covered pixel. As the model was not calibrated, two withholding experiments were conducted, in which observations withheld from the assimilation process were compared to the results. Two model states were updated in the assimilation, the total snow accumulation state variable and the total snow melt state variable. The results of this study indicate that the model underestimates snow storage at the end of winter and/or does not detect snow fall events during the ablation period. The assimilation method only affected simulated snow covered area and snow storage during the ablation period. That corresponded to higher correlation between modelled snow cover area and the updated state variables. Withholding experiments show good agreement between observations and simulated snow covered area. This study successfully applied the ensemble Kalman square root filter and showed its applicability for New Zealand conditions.