Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Remote area power supply'
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Janon, Akraphon, and s2113730@student rmit edu au. "Wind-hydrogen energy systems for remote area power supply." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100329.094605.
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Wind-hydrogen systems for remote area power supply are an early niche application of sustainable hydrogen energy. Optimal direct coupling between a wind turbine and an electrolyser stack is essential for maximum electrical energy transfer and hydrogen production. In addition, system costs need to be minimised if wind-hydrogen systems are to become competitive. This paper investigates achieving near maximum power transfer between a fixed pitched variable-speed wind turbine and a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser without the need for intervening voltage converters and maximum power point tracking electronics. The approach investigated involves direct coupling of the wind turbine with suitably configured generator coils to an optimal series-parallel configuration of PEM electrolyser cells so that the I-V characteristics of both the wind turbine and electrolyser stack are closely matched for maximum power transfer. A procedure for finding these optimal con figurations and hence maximising hydrogen production from the system is described. For the case of an Air 403 400 W wind turbine located at a typical coastal site in south-eastern Australia and directly coupled to an optimally configured 400 W stack of PEM electrolysers, it is estimated that up to 95% of the maximum achievable energy can be transferred to the electrolyser over an annual period. The results of an extended experiment to test this theoretical prediction for an actual Air 403 wind turbine are reported. The implications of optimal coupling between a PEM electrolyser and an aerogenerator for the performance and overall economics of wind-energy hydrogen systems for RAPS applications are discussed.
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Pipattanasomporn, Manisa. "A Study of Remote Area Internet Access with Embedded Power Generation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30267.
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This study presents a methodology and the necessary analytical tools to evaluate the alternatives to provide Internet access with embedded power generation in remote areas. The objective is to provide a screening tool for policy makers to analyze possible telecom and power alternatives. Results from the study demonstrate the technical alternatives to providing sustainable Internet and power access. The dissertation investigates innovative telecom technologies currently available on the market, and develops a model that generates a Telecom-and-Internet access map of a region or a small country. The map illustrates the combination of technologies and their locations that can provide wide-area Internet access to cover a majority of the population at the least cost. The model then looks at the design of a small-scale power system for a remote location where grid power is unavailable or unreliable. The methodology takes into account locally available energy resources, technical and economic parameters of each power generating technology, and the trade-off among investment costs, environmental costs and system robustness. Lastly, a computer simulation is conducted to verify that the power system design has the ability to meet the demand at the level of required reliability.
A remote area of a developing country (Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts - Bangladesh) is selected as a case study. Several scenarios are simulated in order to explore the possibility of extending the reach of the Internet and electric power to the remote area, and to conceptualize pilot projects as building blocks to build a countrywide infrastructure. Since the selected area is one of the least developed and most difficult to access in Bangladesh, demonstrating that the Internet and local power access can be provided to this area can serve as a model for similar places around the world.Ph. D.
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Doddathimmaiah, Arun Kumar, and arun doddathimmaiah@rmit edu au. "Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cells in Solar - Hydrogen Systems for Remote Area Power Supply." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081128.140252.
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Remote area power supply (RAPS) is a potential early market for renewable energy - hydrogen systems because of the relatively high costs of conventional energy sources in remote regions. Solar-hydrogen RAPS systems commonly employ photovoltaic panels, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser, a storage for hydrogen gas, and a PEM fuel cell. Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cells (URFCs) use the same hardware for both electrolyser and fuel cell functions. Since both of these functions are not required simultaneously in a solar hydrogen RAPS system, URFCs based on PEM technology provide a promising opportunity for reducing the cost of the hydrogen subsystem used in renewable-energy hydrogen systems for RAPS. URFCs also have potential applications in the areas of aerospace, submarines, energy storage for central grids, and hydrogen cars. In this thesis, a general theoretical relationship between cell potential and current density of a single-cell PEM URFC operating in both fuel-cell (FC) and electrolyser (E) modes is developed using modified Butler-Volmer equations for both oxygen- and hydrogen-electrodes, and accounting for mass transport losses and saturation behaviour in both modes, membrane resistance to proton current, and membrane and electrode resistances to electron current. This theoretical relationship is used to construct a computer model based on Excel and Visual Basic to generate voltage-current (V-I) polarisation curves in both E and FC modes for URFCs with a range of membrane electrode assembly characteristics. The model is used to investigate the influence on polarisation curves of varying key parameters such charge transfer coefficients, exchange current densities, saturation currents, and membrane conductivity. A method for using the model to obtain best-fit values for electrode characteristics corresponding to an experime ntally-measured polarisation curve of a URFC is presented. The experimental component of the thesis has involved the design and construction of single PEM URFCs with an active area of 5 cm2 with a number of different catalyst types and loadings. V-I curves for all these cells have been measured and the performance of the cells compared. The computer model has then been used to obtain best-fit values for the electrode characteristics for the URFCs with single catalyst materials active in each mode on each electrode for the corresponding experimentally-measured V-I curves. Generally values have been found for exchange current densities, charge transfer coefficients, and saturation current densities that give a close fit between the empirical and theoretically-generated curves. The values found conform well to expectations based on the catalyst loadings, in partial confirmation of the validity of the modelling approach. The model thus promises to be a useful tool in identifying electrodes with materials and structures, together with optimal catalyst types and loadings that will improve URFC performance. Finally the role URFCs can play in developing cost-competitive solar- hydrogen RAPS systems is discussed, and some future directions for future URFC research and development are identified.
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Paul, Biddyut, and s3115524@student rmit edu au. "Direct-Coupling of the Photovoltaic Array and PEM Electrolyser in Solar-Hydrogen Systems for Remote Area Power Supply." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090624.141048.
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Renewable energy-hydrogen systems for remote area power supply (RAPS) constitute an early niche market for sustainable hydrogen energy. The primary objective of this research has been to investigate the possibility of direct coupling of a PV array to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser by appropriate matching of the current-voltage characteristics of both the components. The degree to which optimal matching can be achieved by direct coupling has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. A procedure for matching the maximum power point output of a PV array with the PEM electrolyser load to maximise the energy transfer between them has been presented. The key element of the matching strategy proposed is to vary the series-parallel stacking of individual cells in both the PV array and the PEM electrolyser so that the characteristic current (I) -voltage (V) curves of both the components align as closely as possible. This procedure is applied to a case study of direct coupling a PV array comprising 75 W panels (BP275) to a PEM electrolyser bank assembled from 50 W PEM electrolyser stacks (h-tec StaXX7). It was estimated theoretically that the optimal PV-electrolyser combination would yield an energy transfer of over 94% of the theoretical maximum on annual basis. This combination also gave the lowest hydrogen production cost on a lifecycle basis. An experimental test of this theoretical result for direct coupling was conducted over a period of 728 hours, with an effective direct-coupling operational time of about 467 hours (omitting the hours of zero solar radiation). Close agreement between the theoretically predicted and actual energy transfer from the PV array to the electrolyser bank in this trial was found. The difference between theoretical and experimental hydrogen production was less then 1.2%. The overall solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency was found to be 7.8%. The electrolysers were characterised before and after the direct coupling experiment, and showed a small decline in Faraday efficiency and energy efficiency. But this decline was less than the uncertainties in the measured values, so that no firm conclusions about electrolyser degradation can be drawn at this stage. Another direct-coupling experiment, using a larger scale PV-electrolyser system, that is, a 2.4 kW PV array at RMIT connected to the 'Oreion Alpha 1' stand-alone 2 kW PEM electrolyser developed by the CSIRO Energy Technology, was also successfully conducted for a period of 1519 hours (with 941 hours of effective operational time of the electrolyser). Energy-efficient direct coupling of a PV array and electrolyser as examined in this thesis promises to improve the economic viability of solar-hydrogen systems for remote power supply since the costs of an electronic coupling system employing a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and dc-to-dc converter (around US$ 700/ kW) are avoided.
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Fulhu, Miraz Mohamed. "Active human intelligence for smart grid (AHISG) : feedback control of remote power systems." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9582.
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Fuel supply issues are a major concern in remote island communities and this is an engineering field that needs to be analyzed in detail for transition to sustainable energy systems. Power generation in remote communities such as the islands of the Maldives relies on power generation systems primarily dependent on diesel generators. As a consequence, power generation is easily disrupted by factors such as the delay in transportation of diesel or rises in fuel price, which limits shipment quantity. People living in remote communities experience power outages often, but find them just as disruptive as people who are connected to national power grids. The use of renewable energy sources could help to improve this situation, however, such systems require huge initial investments. Remote power systems often operate with the help of financial support from profit-making private agencies and government funding. Therefore, investing in such hybrid systems is uncommon.
Current electrical power generation systems operating in remote communities adopt an open loop control system, where the power supplier generates power according to customer demand. In the event of generation constraints, the supplier has no choice but to limit the power supplied and this often results in power cuts. Most smart grids that are being established in developed grids adopt a closed loop feedback control system. The smart grids integrated with demand side management tools enable the power supplier to keep customers informed about their daily energy consumption. Electric utility companies use different demand response techniques to achieve peak energy demand reduction by eliciting behavior change. Their feedback information is commonly based on factors such as cost of energy, environmental concerns (carbon dioxide intensity) and the risk of black-outs due to peak loads. However, there is no information available on the significant link between the constraints in resources and the feedback to the customers. In resource-constrained power grids such as those in remote areas, there is a critical relationship between customer demand and the availability of power generation resources.
This thesis develops a feedback control strategy that can be adopted by the electrical power suppliers to manage a resource-constrained remote electric power grid such that the most essential load requirements of the customers are always met. The control design introduces a new concept of demand response called participatory demand response (PDR). PDR technique involves cooperative behavior of the entire community to achieve quality of life objectives. It proposes the idea that if customers understand the level of constraint faced by the supplier, they will voluntarily participate in managing their loads, rather than just responding to a rise in the cost of energy. Implementation of the PDR design in a mini-grid consists of four main steps. First, the end-use loads have to be characterized using energy audits, and then they have to be classified further into three different levels of essentiality. Second, the utility records have to be obtained and the hourly variation factors for the appliances have to be calculated. Third, the reference demand curves have to be generated. Finally, the operator control system has to be designed and applied to train the utility operators.
A PDR case study was conducted in the Maldives, on the island of Fenfushi. The results show that a significant reduction in energy use was achieved by implementing the PDR design on the island. The overall results from five different constraint scenarios practiced on the island showed that during medium constrained situations, load reductions varied between 4.5kW (5.8%) and 7.7kW (11.3%). A reduction of as much as 10.7kW (15%) was achieved from the community during a severely constrained situation.
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Loeser, Mathias. "Microscale biomass generation for continuous power supply to remote customers." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528152.
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Remotely located and sparsely populated areas often do not have access to an efficient grid connection for electricity supply. However, plenty of biomass is normally available in such areas. Instead of employing island solutions such as small diesel generators or large battery stacks for power provision, a flexibly operating microscale biomass power plant using locally available and renewable feedstock is not only an efficient way of providing those areas with competitive and reliable electricity, but also a step towards energy self sufficiency for a large share of areas worldwide, and towards mitigating the looming high costs of grid infrastructure upgrading and extension. A novel power plant design combining thermo chemical and biochemical biomass treatment was developed in this research. This system consists of a small scale gasifier and an anaerobic digester unit, both coupled to a gas storage system and a micro turbine as the generation unit. This design is suitable to continuously provide reliable electricity and accommodate fluctuating residential power demand, and it can be scaled to a level of around 100kWe, which is a fitting size for a group of residential customers, such as in a remote village. The project covers a review of available technology; the choice of suitable technology for such a plant and the design of the system; the set up of a detailed plant model in chemical engineering software; extensive simulation studies on the basis of load profiles to evaluate and optimise operation; and feedstock sourcing, efficiency and economic analyses. It will be shown that such a system is a feasible and economic solution for remote power supply, and that it can overcome many of the current obstacles of electrifying rural regions.
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Yee, Timothy. "Remote Area Power System (RAPS) Battery Lifecycle Cost Optimisation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8952.
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The intent of this project with Powerco was to identify the cause of premature battery failure and suggest improvements to the Remote Area Power System (RAPS), which is managed by Powerco subsidiary Basepower. An evaluation matrix was used to analyse the most beneficial solution that can be implemented in the RAPS unit.
The issues that have caused the early failure for the RAPS have been determined and improvements to the system are suggested. These have been provided to the Powerco Research and Development team for consideration.
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Elamari, Matouk M. Mh. "Optimisation of photovoltaic-powered electrolysis for hydrogen production for a remote area in Libya." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optimisation-of-photovoltaicpowered-electrolysis-for-hydrogen-production-for-a-remote-area-in-libya(c94a48c7-62b9-4d0b-86ce-f674c18c1c0c).html.
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Hydrogen is a potential future energy storage medium to supplement a variety of renewable energy sources. It can be regarded as an environmentally-friendly fuel, especially when it is extracted from water using electricity obtained from solar panels or wind turbines. The focus in this thesis is on solar energy, and the theoretical background (i.e., PSCAD computer simulation) and experimental work related to a water-splitting, hydrogen-production system are presented. The hydrogen production system was powered by a photovoltaic (PV) array using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser. The PV array and PEM electrolyser display an inherently non-linear current-voltage relationship that requires optimal matching of maximum operating power. Optimal matching between the PV system and the electrolyser is essential to maximise the transfer of electrical energy and the rate of hydrogen production. A DC/DC converter is used for power matching by shifting the PEM electrolyser I-V curve as closely as possible toward the maximum power the PV can deliver. By taking advantage of the I-V characteristics of the electrolyser (i.e., the DC/DC converter output voltage is essentially constant whereas the current increases dramatically), we demonstrated experimentally and in simulations that the hydrogen production of the PV-electrolyser system can be optimised by adjusting the duty cycle generated by the pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuit. The strategy used was to fix the duty cycle at the ratio of the PV maximum power voltage to the electrolyser operating voltage. A stand-alone PV energy system, using hydrogen as the storage medium, was designed. The system would be suitable for providing power for a family's house located in a remote area in the Libyan Sahara.
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Borchers, Mark Louis. "A decision making tool for assessing grid electrification versus stand-alone power supply options for remote users." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8291.
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Includes bibliography.The objective of this study is to compile a micro-computer based tool to aid in the evaluation of power supply options for remote sites. The options considered are stand-alone photovoltaic, diesel generation, and grid extension power supplies. The basis on which the various options are compared is the unit cost of energy expected from the system. This is determined by combining all capital costs, running costs, and other payments on a present value basis over the project lifetime. The comparison of the unit energy cost expected from each option is only meaningful if the reliability of each supply system is known. The Loss of Energy Probability of each option is therefore established to provide a common ground on which to compare these costs. •
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Gee, Anthony. "Design and assessment of a battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for remote area wind power systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577732.
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Recent advances in innovative energy storage devices such as supercapacitors have made battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems technically attractive. However the field of hybrid energy storage system control is relatively new, involving the major challenge of developing control techniques optimised for improved battery-life or other performance metrics. This thesis presents the design and analysis of an actively controlled hybrid energy storage system. Detailed information is given regarding the system implementation and dynamic controls developed as a part of the research. Novel use of the sliding-mode or hysteretic current-controlled DC/DC converter is shown to provide a versatile and robust power electronic building block for the power-control hardware implementation. Current state of the art in the field has converged around a frequency-domain approach to the overall power sharing strategy within hybrid energy storage systems employing batteries and high-power, low-energy density storage such as supercapacitors, with benefits in terms of reduced battery current maxima and an (un-quantified) increase in battery life having been reported. This research extends previous studies by considering the frequency-domain approach in further detail and providing quantitative simulation results confirming how an estimated increase in battery cycle-life of ~18% can be achieved. A systematic simulation framework used for the development and assessment of novel hybrid energy storage system control strategies is described and demonstrated in the context of a remote wind power application. The hardware design of all systems considered is described in detail and demonstrated by experiment.
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Iyiola, Samuel Oluwagbemi. "Moteino-Based Wireless Data Transfer for Environmental Monitoring." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984271/.
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Data acquisition through wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has enormous potential for scalable, distributed, real-time observations of monitored environmental parameters. Despite increasing versatility and functionalities, one critical factor that affects the operation of WSNs is limited power. WSN sensor nodes are usually battery powered, and therefore the long-term operation of the WSN greatly depends on battery capacity and the node's power consumption rate. This thesis focuses on WSN node design to reduce power consumption in order to achieve sustainable power supply. For this purpose, this thesis proposes a Moteino-based WSN node and an energy efficient duty cycle that reduces current consumption in standby mode using an enhanced watchdog timer. The nodes perform radio communication at 915 MHz, for short intervals (180ms) every 10 minutes, and consume 6.8 mA at -14dBm. For testing, the WSN node monitored a low-power combined air temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure sensor, together with a typical soil moisture sensor that consumes more power. Laboratory tests indicated average current consumption of ~30µA using these short radio transmission intervals. After transmission tests, field deployment of a star-configured network of nine of these nodes and one gateway node provides a long-term platform for testing under rigorous conditions. A webserver running on a Raspberry Pi connected serially to the gateway node provides real-time access to this WSN.
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Slack, G. "The integration of a wind turbine and hydraulic accumulator energy store with a diesel generator to supply electricity in a remote location." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356063.
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Karamanov, Anton. "Utilization of Horizontal-Axis Tidal Stream Turbines As a Main Power Supply System On Offshore Remote Oil&Gas Platforms." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263161.
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The master's thesis contains 97 pages, 29 tables, 33 figures and 43 sources of literature. The paper presents a study on increasing the efficiency of the power supply of remote offshore oil and gas facilities through the use of horizontal-axial tidal stream turbines. A general theoretical description of floating semi-submersible drilling rigs and a more detailed description of semi-submersible drilling unit 6000/200 type "Shelf" are presented. A theoretical description of various devices that transform the kinetic energy of water into electric power is also presented, and horizontal-axial tidal stream turbines are considered in more detail. The technical calculation for determining the parameters of turbines is carried out. The calculation was used for the case where one or several turbines are used. Economic analysis was carried out with different indicators, namely: the price of diesel fuel, the price of equipment, the load factor of hydro generators, the discount rate and the productivity of the drilling unit. An analysis of the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions was also carried out. Conclusions were presented on the effectiveness of the introduction of this method of energy supply.Magisteruppsatsen innehåller 97 sidor, 29 tabeller, 33 figurer och 43 litteraturkällor. I papperet presenteras en studie om att effektiviteten i kraftförsörjningen av avlägsna offshore olje- och gasanläggningar ökar genom användning av horisontella axiella tidvattenströmsturbiner. En generell teoretisk beskrivning av flytande halvdämpbara borriggar och en mer detaljerad beskrivning av semi-submersible borrningsenhet 6000/200 typ "Hylla" presenteras. En teoretisk beskrivning av olika anordningar som omvandlar den kinetiska energin hos vatten till elkraft presenteras också, och horisontella axiella tidvattenströmsturbiner behandlas mer detaljerat. Den tekniska beräkningen för att bestämma parametrarna för turbiner utförs. Beräkningen användes för det fall där en eller flera turbiner används. Ekonomisk analys utfördes med olika indikatorer, nämligen: priset på dieselbränsle, priset på utrustning, belastningsfaktorn för hydrageneratorer, diskonteringsräntan och borrningens produktivitet. En analys av minskningen av koldioxidutsläpp gjordes också. Slutsatser presenterades om effektiviteten av införandet av denna metod för energiförsörjning.
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Yap, E. H. "On the technical and econonmic feasibility of remote area hydrocarbon exploition using offshore electrical power generation and transmission (clean energy producing vessel)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445428/.
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In this thesis the author's research into the technical and economic feasibility of exploiting remote hydrocarbon reserves using Clean Energy Producing Vessel (CEPV) is documented. An opportunity for the CEPV arises because of several concurring issues the demise of UK North Sea offshore oil and gas industry residual gas reserves remaining in small pocket fields in the North Sea and elsewhere which are unconnected by gas pipeline concern over the energy gap in the UK electricity market and recent developments and knowledge in offshore electrical generation and transmission technologies for the offshore industry, primarily developed for the renewable sector. This research programme had three key challenges. Firstly, the concept of CEPV had to be firmly established by considering the current state of the UK electricity supply and demand picture the location, quality and quantity of fuel (primarily natural gas). This research undertaken by literature review led to the specification of the plant itself including identifying appropriate technologies required both offshore and onshore. Secondly, the technological issues were examined in detail including the requirement of a natural gas processing plant to extract valuable condensates the design of an offshore power station with the technological prime-mover options and solutions the generation and transmission of the electrical power and the feasibility of using C02 sequestration. Further consideration was given to the design requirements of an appropriate vessel to house the offshore power station. The approach taken was to examine the technical issues in depth by examining the 'state of the art' then selecting an appropriate solution that met the requirements and identifying particular issues such as cable riser design in greater detail. The third challenge was to assess the economic feasibility of the CEPV. The approach taken was to assess the economics of different scenarios and by making comparisons with a base case model using a discounted cash flow (DCF) model, in which an iterative solution set up to find the internal rate of return (IRR) of the project is used. This analytical method gave the predicted cost of a unit of electricity, which could then be compared against those prices charged by other electicity generators. The thesis as presented is believed to be an original idea and is considered to contribute to the expanding discussions on offshore power generation schemes. The novel contribution is by way of the specification and lies in the technical design and subsequent analysis of the CEPV.
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Halawani, Mohanad. "An iterative analytical design framework for the optimal designing of an off-grid renewable energy based hybrid smart micro-grid : a case study in a remote area - Jordan." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/40b75bc8-d237-4aaf-9668-797739f49f74.
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Creative ways of utilising renewable energy sources in electricity generation especially in remote areas and particularly in countries depending on imported energy, while increasing energy security and reducing cost of such isolated off-grid systems, is becoming an urgently needed necessity for the effective strategic planning of Energy Systems. The aim of this research project was to design and implement a new decision support framework for the optimal design of hybrid micro grids considering different types of different technologies, where the design objective is to minimize the total cost of the hybrid micro grid while at the same time satisfying the required electric demand. Results of a comprehensive literature review, of existing analytical, decision support tools and literature on HPS, has identified the gaps and the necessary conceptual parts of an analytical decision support framework. As a result this research proposes and reports an Iterative Analytical Design Framework (IADF) and its implementation for the optimal design of an Off-grid renewable energy based hybrid smart micro-grid (OGREH-SμG) with intra and inter-grid (μG2μG & μG2G) synchronization capabilities and a novel storage technique. The modelling design and simulations were based on simulations conducted using HOMER Energy and MatLab/SIMULINK, Energy Planning and Design software platforms. The design, experimental proof of concept, verification and simulation of a new storage concept incorporating Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) fuel cell is also reported. The implementation of the smart components consisting Raspberry Pi that is devised and programmed for the semi-smart energy management framework (a novel control strategy, including synchronization capabilities) of the OGREH-SμG are also detailed and reported. The hybrid μG was designed and implemented as a case study for the Bayir/Jordan area. This research has provided an alternative decision support tool to solve Renewable Energy Integration for the optimal number, type and size of components to configure the hybrid μG. In addition this research has formulated and reported a linear cost function to mathematically verify computer based simulations and fine tune the solutions in the iterative framework and concluded that such solutions converge to a correct optimal approximation when considering the properties of the problem. As a result of this investigation it has been demonstrated that, the implemented and reported OGREH-SμG design incorporates wind and sun powered generation complemented with batteries, two fuel cell units and a diesel generator is a unique approach to Utilizing indigenous renewable energy with a capability of being able to synchronize with other μ-grids is the most effective and optimal way of electrifying developing countries with fewer resources in a sustainable way, with minimum impact on the environment while also achieving reductions in GHG. The dissertation concludes with suggested extensions to this work in the future.
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Patrick, Adrian James. "An Information Systems and Communications Architecture using Power Line Carrier -and other Media for Remote Metering and other Telemetry Services in the Electricity Supply Industry." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502395.
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Pri.or to 1990, and the advent of deregulation in the UK, the Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) was a state-owned, vertically integrated monopoly. For the first time the way was opened for the introduction of competitiveness into the many and varied aspects ofthe market. This brought with it diversity and additional requirements for customer and engineering services. This new business-driven, customer-orientated environment led to the re~assessment of the utility's customer communication systems. In order to take full advantage of this new environment, an integrated communications and information systems infrastructure is required. This thesis addresses the design and development of an efficient and reliable communications system for the collection and distribution of data within the ESI. Although the communications architecture proposed focuses on meeting the requirements of a specific Regional Electricity Company, SWEB, it is generic and hence may be used in any electric utility. This architecture, based on an open systems approach, provides bearer services to existing and emerging engineering and business applications. The open system aspect permits the deferred design of system components, thereby providing maximum system flexibility and simplicity. An overview ofthe operational systems in the ESI as they existed in 1997 is given. This review considers the power engineering and distribution networks, metering and tariffs, together with SWEB's specific IT and data communication systems. There then follows a review ofthe business and technical environments in the industry, in terms ofthe potential benefits of value-added services and the emerging applications, together with a brief analysis of the post-privatisation growth ofthe telecommunications industry in the UK. A review was carried out on the media used for different communication services involving Power Line Carrier technology (PLC), Telephony, Fibre Optic Cable (FOC), Twisted Pair and Coaxial cable. These media are examined as to their suitability for data communications for the electric utility industry. Various modulation techniques including AM, FM and Spread Spectrum systems were investigated with respect to their transmission characteristics, and a comparison made ofthe modulation techniques used in PLC systems. The 1990s saw considerable interest in utility communications resulting in many trials being carried out throughout the world. A number ofthese are reviewed in this thesis in support of the proposed architecture. The cardinal factor in the design and development of any modern communication system is the compliance with internationally agreed standards and recommendations. The Open Systems Interconnection model is introduced. together with the standards, protocols and profiles particularly relevant to utility communications. The Utility Communications Architecture (UCA) profile, developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is also introduced. The programme ofwork outlined in this thesis was driven by two objectives. The first of these was the aim of utilising the considerable copper infrastructure in the ESI distribution systems for communication purposes. The second was to investigate the feasibility of the provision ofvalue-added services. The generic architecture presented here, based on powerline carrier and other media technology, clearly satisfies the first ofthe above objectives. However PLC inherently lacks the bandwidth for some ofthe value-added services considered, and this may lead slow data transfer rates for certain applications such as downloading large text, image and audio files from internet websites.The second objective was pragmatically modified to address the problems of Remote Metre Reading. To this end a protocol is proposed which requires a minimum data rate transfer thereby conserving network bandwidth.
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Radhakrishnan, Aswathnarayan. "A Study on Applying Learning Techniques to Remote Sensing Data." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586901481703797.
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Lin, Hua. "Communication Infrastructure for the Smart Grid: A Co-Simulation Based Study on Techniques to Improve the Power Transmission System Functions with Efficient Data Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29248.
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The vision of the smart grid is predicated upon pervasive use of modern digital communication techniques in today's power system. As wide area measurements and control techniques are being developed and deployed for a more resilient power system, the role of communication networks is becoming prominent. Advanced communication infrastructure provides much wider system observability and enables globally optimal control schemes. Wide area measurement and monitoring with Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) or Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) is a growing trend in this context. However, the large amount of data collected by PMUs or IEDs needs to be transferred over the data network to control centers where real-time state estimation, protection, and control decisions are made. The volume and frequency of such data transfers, and real-time delivery requirements mandate that sufficient bandwidth and proper delay characteristics must be ensured for the correct operations. Power system dynamics get influenced by the underlying communication infrastructure. Therefore, extensive integration of power system and communication infrastructure mandates that the two systems be studied as a single distributed cyber-physical system.
This dissertation proposes a global event-driven co-simulation framework, which is termed as GECO, for interconnected power system and communication network. GECO can be used as a design pattern for hybrid system simulation with continuous/discrete sub-components. An implementation of GECO is achieved by integrating two software packages: PSLF and NS2 into the framework. Besides, this dissertation proposes and studies a set of power system applications which can be only properly evaluated on a co-simulation framework like GECO, namely communication-based distance relay protection, all-PMU state estimation and PMU-based out-of-step protection. All of them take advantage of interplays between the power grid and the communication infrastructure. The GECO experiments described in this dissertation not only show the efficacy of the GECO framework, but also provide experience on how to go about using GECO in smart grid planning activities.Ph. D.
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Petrgál, Filip. "Digitálně řízený audio zesilovač ve třídě D s dálkovým ovládáním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220355.
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The contents of this thesis is design of audio power amplifier in Class D with fully digital control and remote control and is divided into two parts . The first part is devoted to the basic principles and theory of key elements of the entire amplifier. The second part consists of a complete description of the design and construction of a power amplifier, digital control with remote control, a spectrum analyzer, equalizer, preamp VU meters and complete power supply. Each proposal contains a detailed analysis of the solutions supported by simulations and software. For individual parts have been completely measured p arameters.
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Alsmo, Ludvig, and Jonathan Bärlund. "Nyttomaximering vid eleffektbrist på lokalnätet : En objektprioritering i en simuleringsansatts." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-35547.
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Målet med denna studie var att studera olika aspekter av den prioritetsordning som används för att prioritera elanvändare i svenska elnät i händelse av nationell-, regional eller lokal elbrist. Studien redogör för hur prioriteringar av olika elanvändare går till och hur nyttan av olika elnät förändras utifrån en beslutsfattares egna preferenser, vidare redovisas hur samverkan mellan olika elnät påverkar den totala nyttan som varje invånare i ett samhäller erbjuds. Objekten i ett samhälle som förekommer på ett elnät delas in i åtta prioriteringsklasser beroende av objektets funktion. Området för denna studie har varit beslutsanalys. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av resultat från tidigare studier och teorier kring beslutsanalys, med detta som grund har en simulering genomförts för att påvisa hur nyttan av ett elnät ändras då förutsättningarna ändras. Förutsättningarna har varit; total kapacitet av elektricitet till samhället, avstånd mellan samhällen och de olika objektens efterfrågan av elektricitet. Studiens resultat har påvisat att ellinjer med objekt av hög prioriteringsklass ska prioriteras före ellinjer med objekt av låg prioriteringsklass. Vidare har studien visat att det kan finnas elnät i ett samhälle vars nytta skulle kunna vara större än de elnät som förespråkas av prioritetsordningen, och att dessa kan vara disjunkta. Detta för att prioriteringsordningen ska prioritera det elnät med högprioriterade objekt, inte nödvändigtvis det elnät med störst nytta. Studie har därmed resulterat i att elnät bör prioriteras efter dess nytta och att en beslutsfattare bör vara medveten om elbristens storlek, avstånd mellan samhällen och varje objekts efterfrågan av kapacitet för att kunna fatta ett bra beslut. Gällande samverkan mellan elnät visade studien på att detta kan genomföras om avståndet mellan samhällena inte var för stort.The aim of this study was to study the Styrel concept as an approach to identify electricity users and prioritize them in the event of a power shortage on a power grid. The study has examined and investigated how the priorities of different electricity users go to, how the benefits of manual disconnection change according to the decision makers' different priorities and how interaction between different local networks affects total utility. The features of a community on a local area, also called objects, are divided into eight priority classes depending on the function of the objects. The area for this study has been decision management. The study has been conducted using results from previous studies and theories on decision analysis as the basis for constructing a simulator that simulates how the power of a power failure changes for a local area dependent on the extent of the electricity supply (capacity). The study's findings have shown that prioritization of electricity supply line with higher priority classes should be prioritized than an electricity supply line with lower priority classes. This is also the result of previous studies. On the other hand, the study has shown that the fixed asset for an electricity supply line with lower priority objects is higher than an electricity supply line with higher priority objects, but with less benefit, priority should be given to the electricity supply line of higher priority objects. This study has thus resulted in the fact that electricity supply lines should be prioritized after the benefit if a decision maker is aware of the extent of the deficiency. Current collaboration between local networks showed that this could be dependent on the factors: distance, risk profile of decision makers and change of benefit through collaboration.
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Colnago, Guilherme Piazentini. "Desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema de monitoramento em tempo real da tensão da rede com acesso remoto." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6212.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-05No Brasil, até pouco tempo atrás, a qualidade da energia elétrica estava relacionada, basicamente, com interrupções do fornecimento de energia e a certas cargas especiais da indústria. Porém, nos últimos anos, sob a direção da agência reguladora do setor, a ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), juntamente com especialistas, a área de qualidade da energia elétrica passou a receber uma atenção significativa, sendo legislada e adquirindo suas regulamentações iniciais. A área de Qualidade da Energia Elétrica passou, então, a formalmente existir e abranger um conjunto maior de fenômenos e eventos da rede elétrica. Em função dessa recente regulamentação, este trabalho apresenta o projeto de um medidor da qualidade da energia elétrica. Um dos focos do medidor é ser de baixo custo, tornando-o viável para o uso em grande escala. Este medidor é um sistema eletrônico que processa digitalmente os sinais de tensão da rede elétrica, extraindo os dados relacionados à qualidade da energia elétrica; tais dados são armazenados localmente e, posteriormente, acessados remotamente e enviados para um banco de dados, de forma que possam ser analisados.
Some years ago in Brazil the power quality was related, basically, with interruption of supplied energy and certain special loads of industry. In recent years, however, under controls of the regulating agency ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) and with specialists, the power quality area received the due attention and was legislated and acquired regulations. So, finally, the area of Power Quality was formally created and now it embraces several electrical phenomena and events. Because of the new regulations, this work presents a project of a power quality meter. One of meter s focuses is to be a low cost system and becomes able to be used in large scale. This power quality meter is an electronic system that processes the voltage signal of electrical network and extracts data related to power quality; the data are locally stored and after they are remotely accessed and transmitted to a data base to be analyzed.
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Abdullah, Jalal, and 杜名宏. "Simulation and Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Wind Diesel System for Remote Area Power Supply." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51915759956544073336.
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碩士國立中山大學
電機電力工程國際碩士學程
99
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has an area of 1.69 million square kilometers. It is the biggest oil producers in the world, and the electricity industry relies heavily on oil. The annually growth request for electricity is around 5%. The price of electricity will be expensive in the next 30 years and there could be a shortage of electricity supply. It is better to use alternative forms of energy to prolong the life of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia. To reduce dependence on oil, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is considering using alternative sources of energy including solar energy and energy wind. Since the wind speed is around 10m/s and in the summer it is full of sunshine; therefore, the renewable energy should play a more important role in future electric power supply of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A hybrid system is proposed in this thesis to study the possible power supply system in the remote areas. Wind information in Dhahran is used in simulations in order to make sure that the system is reliable and appropriate to be used in the remote areas of the country. Economic analysis is also conducted to compare the cost of the hybrid system with that of a 200 km transmission line connected from existing service area.
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Booi, Bongani Mpumelelo. "Cost effective electrical reticulation of the rural areas in Transkei at the district of Lady Frere (Nkolonga)." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2876.
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A research report submitted in partial partial compliance compliance with the requirements for the Master's Diploma in Technology: Electrical Engineering, M.L.Sultan Technikon, 1995.The purpose of this study is to investigate the most cost effective way of electrifying rural areas in the Transkei concentrating in the district of Lady Frere. One Administrative Area (A.A) was used for research. Questionnaires were send to people of this area where a like rat format was followed. For the purpose of this study, 20 families were randomly selected for investigation.
M
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Zhang, Yong-Ran, and 張詠然. "The Analysis of Power Supply Efficiency in Distribution Area of Taiwan Power Company." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rm62vn.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院經營管理學程
105
This study uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Pareto analysis to evaluate the power supply efficiency of distribution areas of Taiwan Power Company. The Pareto Chart is also applied to analyze the causes of System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI). We then rank the efficiency of business management of 24 branches, take the fixed assets for power supply as the inputs, and the electricity selling as the output, and System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) as the undesirable outputs. The average efficiencies of 24 management branches are 0.432 in 2014 and 0.431 in 2015, indicating that Taiwan Power Company still has much room to improve. Due to taking the responsibility for maximize the social welfare and stabilize electricity supply, Taiwan Power Company may not put the profit as priority. The Pareto analysis is also applied to analyze causes of incidents, in order to provide references to improve power supply stability.
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JIANG, MENG-XUN, and 蔣孟勳. "Analysis of voltage quality of microgrids and remote area power systems with renewable power generation systems." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jn8ffj.
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碩士臺北城市科技大學
機電整合研究所
107
Due to the small system capacity of microgrids and remote power systems, the capacity proportion of the regenerative power generation system installed in those systems will be higher than that installed in large power grids. Therefore, it can be predicted that the intermittent power output of the renewable energy power generation system has a greater impact on the voltage quality of the microgrids and remote power systems which have higher system impedance. This study uses Matlab/Simulink to establish microgrid model and remote area power system model that include solar power pants, wind turbines and STATCOM. In this thesis, the settings of solar irradiance, wind speed, system impedance, line faults, and wind turbine control strategies are adjusted to evaluate the effect of solar irradiance and wind speed variations on the voltage quality. The simulation results show that low system impedance, the use of the voltage regulation mode control strategy for wind turbines, and the use of STATCOM, a reactive power compensation device, can effectively improve the voltage quality during solar and wind turbulences.
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XIAO, BO-WEN, and 蕭博文. "Analysis of voltage quality impact of wind turbines applied to microgrids and remote area power systems." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/byq53z.
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碩士臺北城市科技大學
機電整合研究所
106
Due to wind speed variation, wind power generators have the characteristic of intermittent power output. Because microgrids and remote area power systems have a smaller system capacity than large power grids, the capacity proportion of wind turbines will be higher. Moreover, the system impedance of microgrids and remote area power systems is larger than that of large power grids, so, it can be estimated that the variation of wind speed will have a greater impact on voltage quality. This study uses Matlab/Simulink to establish microgrid model and remote area power system model that include wind turbines and STATCOM. In this thesis, the settings of variable wind power, system impedance, line faults, and wind turbine control strategies are adjusted to evaluate the effect of wind speed variations on the voltage quality. The simulation results show that low system impedance, the use of the voltage regulation mode control strategy for wind turbines, and the use of STATCOM, a reactive power compensation device, can effectively improve the voltage quality during wind turbulences.
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Hajat, A., D. Banks, R. Aiken, and Charlie Shackleton. "Efficacy of solar power units for small-scale businesses in a remote rural area, South Africa." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006860.
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Much work has considered the practicalities and affordability of solar systems for domestic energy supplies in remote rural areas. There is less understanding of its utility for small-scale business enterprises in such areas. We examined the patterns of use of two 12 V and one 24 V systems for small-scale enterprises housed in transportable containers. Monitoring of load shed and top of charge indicated that the 12 V systems were inadequate to meet the requirements of the enterprises. The 24 V operation performed a lot better. Despite some technical limitations the system offered a number of social, economic and environmental positives; primarily the offering of business products not otherwise available in the area, incomes to the entrepreneurs and greater connectivity with regional centres through office services such as cell-phone charging and faxing. Customers of the small-scale enterprises felt that their presence in the area saved them some money because they no longer had to travel as frequently to regional urban centres.
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Chen, Tzu-Chun, and 陳姿淳. "The Computer Switching Power Supply Competition Strategy Forms the Discussion – A Case Study of Taiwan Area C Company." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52291380859186297473.
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碩士淡江大學
國際企業學系碩士在職專班
99
This study concentrates on the current development of Computer parts Industry in Taiwan with emphasis on the relationship between business strategy formulation factors and strategies so as to assess the internal environmental factors and external environmental factors through the mission statement of target company and thus summaries the critical factors related to the strategy formulation, thereby initiating business strategies and presenting the findings to the Switching Power Supply Industry service providers. In this study, the strategy management structure suggested by Lin and Pao (2004) was adopted. Through the mission statement from the case study companies, evaluations on internal environment, industrial environment, and exterior environment had been performed. We generalize the conclusions with the explosive case study method as following： 1. With the mission statement, this study has assessed the internal and external competitive environment of the target company together with the macro environmental factors so as to summarize the business strategy formulation factor diagram. The three environmental key factors are sufficient for the target company to formulate its business strategies so as to initiate and modify its specific business strategies. 2. With the business mission statement, the optimal competition strategy must be executed by developing technologic strategy. The target company must focus on higher order products to improve profits and become leading status within industry.
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Zou, Ming-Yan, and 鄒明諺. "Impact Analysis of a Large-Scale PV Generation Integration - Case Studies in a Voltage - Sensitive Supply Area and a Remote Island in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5rsnxn.
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碩士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
102
In recent years, solar power installed capacity in Taiwan has grown dramatically. Therefore, after a large amount of solar power is integrated into the grid, the study on the impact of power system is necessary. By the end of 2013, the total solar PV installed capacity in Taiwan has reached up to 333.4MW and continues to increase dramatically. Currently the maximum solar power connection case in Taiwan is 15MW, which was applied by the Sungen Power Corp in Central Taiwan Science Park. Additionally, Penghu Island has the highest penetration of PV power in Taiwan. Therefore, this study will discuss the system impact analyses for the above-mentioned two areas, and implement scenario analysis. For example, the PV capacity is assumed to expand to more than 10 times the current PV capacity and then the impact analysis is carried out. This study adopted the Charged System Search algorithm to determine the optimal PV installed capacity at chosen buses. Its main target is to achieve the minimum transmission loss and voltage variation by interconnecting PV systems. After obtaining the optimal PV capacity at each interconnecting point, the system impact analysis is then implemented for the new system condition with a larger PV capacity. Furthermore, this research also discusses the effect of PV low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) capability on the system transient stability in order to investigate whether the PV needs to install LVRT function and provide the information to the system operator.
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Moura, Tatiana Filipa Gomes. "Wireless communication support system for environmental monitoring." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/27267.
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Poor indoor air quality in classrooms can lead to decreased students’ performance,
and affect the health and comfort of the occupants. The purpose of
this dissertation is to deploy a system for environmental monitoring support
through wireless communications technologies and long range networks.
The prototype developed allows to collect continuous measurement of temperature,
relative humidity, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), air pressure,
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Evaluations were done using LoRaWAN protocol in selected classrooms during
the winter semester at University of Aveiro. It demonstrates how to
collect, integrate, analyse, and visualize real-time air quality data collected.A má qualidade do ar no interior das salas de aula pode levar à diminuição do desempenho dos alunos, uma vez que a qualidade do ar é um factor fundamental a ser controlado para garantir a saúde e o conforto dos ocupantes. Esta dissertação tem como objectivo desenvolver um sistema de suporte à monitorização ambiental através de tecnologias de comunicação sem fios e de redes de longo alcance. O protótipo desenvolvido permite recolher medições contínuas de temperatura, humidade relativa, Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis (VOC), pressão do ar, oxigénio e dióxido de carbono. Foram realizados testes em salas de aulas selecionadas durante o semestre de inverno na Universidade de Aveiro usando o protocolo LoRaWAN. É demonstrado como recolher, integrar, analisar e visualizar em tempo real os dados obtidos.
Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
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Elshazly, Amr. "Performance enhancement techniques for low power digital phase locked loops." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31116.
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Desire for low-power, high performance computing has been at core of the symbiotic union between digital circuits and CMOS scaling. While digital circuit performance improves with device scaling, analog circuits have not gained these benefits. As a result, it has become necessary to leverage increased digital circuit performance to mitigate analog circuit deficiencies in nanometer scale CMOS in order to realize world class analog solutions.
In this thesis, both circuit and system enhancement techniques to improve performance of clock generators are discussed. The following techniques were developed: (1) A digital PLL that employs an adaptive and highly efficient way to cancel the effect of supply noise, (2) a supply regulated DPLL that uses low power regulator and improves supply noise rejection, (3) a digital multiplying DLL that obviates the need for high-resolution TDC while achieving sub-picosecond jitter and excellent supply noise immunity, and (4) a high resolution TDC based on a switched ring oscillator, are presented. Measured results obtained from the prototype chips are presented to illustrate the proposed design techniques.Graduation date: 2013
Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from July 16, 2012 - July 16, 2014