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1
W. Arnold, G., and J. R. Weeldenburg. "The effects of isolation, habitat fragmentation and degradation by livestock grazing on the use by birds of patches of Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodland in the wheatbelt of Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980155.
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The numbers of species, and the frequency of occurrence of individual species, in patches of Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodland in remnants of native vegetation in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia were recorded over a year. These values were examined in relation to the structural characteristics of the patches and the biogeographic attributes of the remnants (i.e., size and various indices of isolation from other native vegetation). There were five patches in large remnants (>100 ha) and 24 patches in small remnants (0.5?27.0 ha). Most of the small remnants were grazed by livestock and had lost much or all of the shrub understorey. The Galah Cacatua roseicapilla and Port Lincoln Ringnecked Parrot Platycercus zonarius were found in all patches, but the remaining large species of birds (Australian Raven Corvus coronoides,Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigroregularis, Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes, and Yellow-throated Miner Manorina flavigula) were found more frequently in patches in small remnants. Conversely, with the exception of the Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus, small passerine species were found less frequently in patches in small remnants. Remnant size was significantly negatively correlated with frequency of occurrence of six of the eight common large species, indicating that these species concentrated in patches in small remnants, and significantly positively correlated with frequency of occurrence of two of four small passerine species. Having taken out the effect of remnant area, a stepwise regression procedure was used to see whether other biogeographic attributes of the remnants or habitat structure in the patches influenced the frequency of occurrence of individual species and species richness. As area of native vegetation within a 5 km radius increased so did the frequency of occurrence of the Galah and Port Lincoln Parrot, indicating that local numbers of the species affects their presence. Of the large birds only the Yellowthroated Miner was influenced by patch structural attributes whereas all species of small passerines showed responses to various structural attributes of the patches. Frequency of occurrence of the Striated Pardalote and the number of species of small passerines in a patch decreased with increasing distance to the nearest native vegatation. Overall frequency of occurence of small passerines increased with the number of linear strips of native vegetation linked to a remnant. In this study a majority of the small remnants were too small to support resident birds. The Gimlet patches, if used, would be part of a home range. Loss of the shrub understorey through grazing and loss of canopy cover through tree deaths had a significant impact on numbers of species of small passerines using the Gimlet patches. The conservation value of the patches in small remnants would be enhanced by increasing remnant size and by the linking of remnants to nearby native vegetation.
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Angelo, M. S., J. F. C. Santos, W. J. B. Corradi, and F. F. S. Maia. "Investigating dynamical properties of evolved Galactic open clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 624 (April 2019): A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832702.
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Context. The stellar content of Galactic open clusters is gradually depleted during their evolution as a result of internal relaxation and external interactions. The final residues of the long-term evolution of open clusters are called open cluster remnants. These are sparsely populated structures that can barely be distinguished from the field. Aims. We aimed to characterise and compare the dynamical states of a set of 16 objects catalogued as remnants or remnant candidates. We employed parameters that are intimately associated with the dynamical evolution: age, limiting radius, stellar mass, and velocity dispersion. The sample also includes 7 objects that are catalogued as dynamically evolved open clusters for comparison purposes. Methods. We used photometric data from the 2MASS catalogue, proper motions and parallaxes from the Gaia DR2 catalogue, and a decontamination algorithm that was applied to the three-dimensional astrometric space of proper motions and parallaxes (μα, μδ, ϖ) for stars in the objects’ areas. The luminosity and mass functions and total masses for most open cluster remnants are derived here for the first time. Our analysis used predictions of N-body simulations to estimate the initial number of stars of the remnants from their dissolution timescales. Results. The investigated open cluster remnants present masses (M) and velocity dispersions (σv) within well-defined ranges: M between ∼10−40 M⊙ and σv between ∼1−7 km s−1. Some objects in the remnant sample have a limiting radius Rlim ≲ 2 pc, which means that they are more compact than the investigated open clusters; other remnants have Rlim between ∼2−7 pc, which is comparable to the open clusters. We suggest that cluster NGC 2180 (previously classified as an open cluster) is entering a remnant evolutionary stage. In general, our clusters show signals of depletion of low-mass stars. This confirms their dynamically evolved states. Conclusions. We conclude that the open cluster remnants we studied are in fact remnants of initially very populous open clusters (N0 ∼ 103−104 stars). The outcome of the long-term evolution is to bring the final residues of the open clusters to dynamical states that are similar to each other, thus masking out the memory of the initial formation conditions of star clusters.
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Petre, R. "X-Ray Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnants." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 145 (1996): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100008216.
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X-ray spectroscopy can provide vital information about the progenitors and environments of supernova remnants. Plasma diagnostics and spectral modelling can be used to infer the energy of the remnant, the density and composition of the surrounding medium, and the degree of equilibrium in the shock heated gas. A new generation of X-ray spectrometers, the first of which was the Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT), has improved our ability to make precise measurements of X-ray line fluxes and energies. We summarize the results obtained from the BBXRT mission. These include a definitive measurement of the Fe K line centroid in the Tycho remnant, production of the first narrow-band X-ray maps (of Puppis A) and the first measurement of an electron-ion equipartition timescales in evolved remnants.
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Siegel, Jared, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Kari A. Frank, and David N. Burrows. "Can the Fe K-alpha Line Reliably Predict Supernova Remnant Progenitors?" Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2305.
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Abstract The centroid energy of the Fe Kα line has been used to identify the progenitors of supernova remnants (SNRs). These investigations generally considered the energy of the centroid derived from the spectrum of the entire remnant. Here we use XMM-Newton data to investigate the Fe Kα centroid in 6 SNRs: 3C 397, N132D, W49B, DEM L71, 1E 0102.2-7219, and Kes 73. In Kes 73 and 1E 0102.2-7219, we fail to detect any Fe Kα emission. We report a tentative first detection of Fe Kα emission in SNR DEM L71 with a centroid energy consistent with its Type Ia designation. In the remaining remnants, the spatial and spectral sensitivity is sufficient to investigate spatial variations of the Fe Kα centroid. We find in N132D and W49B that the centroids in different regions are consistent with those derived from the overall spectrum, although not necessarily with the remnant type identified via other means. However, in SNR 3C 397, we find statistically significant variation in the centroid of up to 100 eV, aligning with the variation in the density structure around the remnant. These variations span the intermediate space between centroid energies signifying core-collapse (CC) and Type Ia remnants. Shifting the dividing line downwards by 50 eV can place all the centroids in the CC region, but contradicts the remnant type obtained via other means. Our results show that caution must be used when employing the Fe Kα centroid of the entire remnant as the sole diagnostic for typing a remnant.
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Berkmann, Sven, Sven Schlaffer, and Michael Buchfelder. "Tumor shrinkage after transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 119, no. 6 (December 2013): 1447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.8.jns13790.
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Object Volume reduction of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas has been described, for example, after radiotherapy and pituitary tumor apoplexy. Even when considerable remnants remain after surgery, spontaneous shrinkage and relief of mass lesion symptoms can sometimes occur. The aim of this study was to assess shrinkage of tumor residues after transsphenoidal surgery and to identify predictors of tumor shrinkage. Methods A total of 140 patients with postoperative remnants of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, were included in this study. All patients underwent transsphenoidal procedures with guidance by 1.5-T intraoperative MRI. The intraoperative images of remnants were compared with images taken at 3 months and at 1 year after surgery. The possible predictors analyzed were age; sex; preoperative and intraoperative tumor dimensions; tumor growth pattern; endocrinological, ophthalmological, and histological characteristics; and history of previous pituitary surgery. For statistical analyses, the Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multivariate regression table analysis were used. Results Follow-up imaging 3 months after surgery showed tumor remnant shrinkage of 0.5 ± 0.6 cm3 for 70 (50%) patients. This reduction was 89% ± 20% of the residual volume depicted by intraoperative MRI. In 45 (64%) patients, the remnants disappeared completely. Age, sex, and preoperative tumor volume did not significantly differ between the shrinkage and no-shrinkage groups. Positive predictors for postoperative shrinkage were cystic tumor growth (p = 0.02), additional resection of tumor remnants guided by intraoperative MRI (p = 0.04), smaller tumor volume (p = 0.04), and smaller craniocaudal tumor diameter of remnants (p = 0.0014). Negative predictors were growth into the cavernous sinus (p = 0.009), history of previous pituitary surgery (p = 0.0006) and tumor recurrence (p = 0.04), and preoperative panhypopituitarism (p = 0.04). Multivariate regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between tumor shrinkage and smaller tumor remnants (p < 0.0001) and no history of previous pituitary surgery (p = 0.003). No spontaneous change in tumor remnant volume was detected between 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. During a mean follow-up time of 2.7 years, 1 (2%) patient with postoperative tumor shrinkage had to undergo another operation because of tumor progression. Conclusions Spontaneous volume reduction of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma remnants can occur within 3 months after surgery. Predictors of shrinkage are smaller tumor remnant volume and no history of previous pituitary surgery.
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Spinelli, Andrea, Fausto Zamparini, Alessio Buonavoglia, Paolo Pisi, Maria Giovanna Gandolfi, and Carlo Prati. "Reciprocating System for Secondary Root Canal Treatment of Oval Canals: CBCT, X-rays for Remnant Detection and Their Identification with ESEM and EDX." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 11671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211671.
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Aim of the study: to evaluate root filling remnants after secondary root canal treatments (SRCTs) of oval-shaped canals with X-rays and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The SRCTs were performed using reciprocating NiTi instruments. Methods: Single-rooted teeth (N = 64) were randomly treated with Reciproc Blue (RB) and filled with AH Plus/single cone (SC group) or AH Plus/Guttafusion (GF group). After seven days of storage in HBSS (Hanks balanced salt solution), Gates Glidden burs #2/3 and RB #25 and #40 were used for the SRCTs. The time to complete the procedure was measured. X-rays and CBCT were used to calculate, respectively, the area and the volume occupied by the remnants in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of each canal. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used for qualitative evaluation and morphology composition of the remnants in sectioned roots. A statistical analysis was performed using Sigma Plot (version 13, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The study was designed according to PRILE guidelines. Results: After the SRCTs, the middle thirds of the root canals showed the presence of remnants in both groups, as demonstrated by X-rays and CBCT. The GF group showed a statistically significant higher volume of remnants than the SC Group only in the middle third. The ESEM supported by the EDX revealed the remnant composition by the detection of trace elements of sealer and gutta-percha in all root canals. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the middle third of root canals is a critical region where remnants were packed and spread in the buccal-lingual sides of canals. ESEM-EDX detected a fine layer of filling remnants in all root thirds, suggesting a larger canal contamination than the X-rays and CBCT examinations revealed.
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Rocha, CFD, HG Bergallo, M. Van Sluys, MAS Alves, and CE Jamel. "The remnants of restinga habitats in the brazilian Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: habitat loss and risk of disappearance." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 2 (May 2007): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000200011.
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"Restingas" (herbaceous/shrubby coastal sand-dune habitats) used to cover most of Rio de Janeiro State coast, and have suffered extensive degradation over the last five centuries. Using satellite images and field work, we identified the remaining restingas in the State, recording the factors that might cause their degradation. We used two mosaics of Landsat 7 scenes (spatial resolution 15 and 30 m) to map and evaluate preliminarly the remaining areas and conservation status. Each remnant area was checked in the field, degraded areas within it were mapped and subtracted from the remnants. We identified 21 restinga remnants totalling 105,285 ha. The largest and smallest restinga remnants were Jurubatiba (25,141 ha) and Itaipu (23 ha), respectively. We identified 14 causes of degradation. The most important were vegetation removal for housing developments, establishment of exotic plant species, change of original substrate, and selective removal of species of economic importance for the horticultural industry. All restingas had disturbed parts under strong pressure due to human activities. Due to intense habitat loss, and occurrence of endemic/threatened vertebrate species in restinga habitats, we strongly indicate the implementation of new conservation units to protect these fragile remnants. This habitat is steadily decreasing and most remnants lack legal protection. Therefore, under the current human pressure most of this unique habitat is likely to be lost from the State within the next few years.
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Sultan, F., D. Lagrange, X. Le Liepvre, and S. Griglio. "Chylomicron-remnant uptake by freshly isolated hepatocytes. Effect of heparin and of hepatic triacylglycerol lipase." Biochemical Journal 258, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2580587.
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Chylomicron remnants labelled biologically with [3H]cholesterol were efficiently taken up by freshly isolated hepatocytes during a 3 h incubation in Krebs bicarbonate medium. Their [3H]cholesteryl ester was hydrolysed (74% net hydrolysis), and 0.1 mM-chloroquine could partially inhibit this hydrolysis, provided that hepatocytes were first preincubated for 2 h 30 min at 37 degrees C. This hydrolysis was also measured in preincubated cells with remnants double-labelled (3H and 14C) on their free cholesterol moiety; [3H]cholesterol arising from [3H]cholesteryl ester hydrolysis was recovered in the free [3H]cholesterol pool. A dose-response study showed saturation of remnant uptake at 180 micrograms of remnant protein/10(7) cells. Heparin (10 units/ml) increased remnant uptake by 63% (P less than 0.01), [3H]cholesteryl ester accumulation in the cell pellet by 110% (P less than 0.025) and hepatic lipase activity secreted in the medium by 2.4-fold (P less than 0.01) and by 3.3-fold (P less than 0.01) at the end of the preincubation and incubation periods respectively. Addition of 100 munits of semi-purified hepatic lipase preparation/flask stimulated remnant uptake by 44-69%, and [3H]cholesteryl ester accumulation in the presence of chloroquine by 2.1-fold (P less than 0.025). When hepatic lipase was incubated solely with the remnants, it decreased their triacylglycerol and phospholipid contents by 24% and 26% respectively. Thus freshly isolated hepatocytes may be used to study chylomicron-remnant uptake. Hepatic lipase, which seems to underly the stimulating effect of heparin, facilitates remnant uptake in vitro, and this could be mediated by at least one (or both) of its hydrolytic properties.
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Michael, Konstantinos, Anastasia Hadjiconstanti, Antonis Lontos, George Demosthenous, Savvas Frangos, and Yiannis Parpottas. "A Neck-Thyroid Phantom with Small Sizes of Thyroid Remnants for Postsurgical I-123 and I-131 SPECT/CT Imaging." Life 13, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13040961.
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Post-surgical I-123 and I-131 SPECT/CT imaging can provide information on the presence and sizes of thyroid remnants and/or metastasis for an accurate re-staging of disease to apply an individualized radioiodine therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a neck–thyroid phantom with small sizes of thyroid remnants to be utilized for the optimization of post-surgical SPECT/CT imaging. 3D printing and molding techniques were used to develop the hollow human-shaped and -sized phantom which enclosed the trachea, esophagus, cervical spine, clavicle, and multiple detachable sections with different sizes of thyroid remnant in clinically relevant positions. CT images were acquired to evaluate the morphology of the phantom and the sizes of remnants. Triple-energy window scattered and attenuation corrected SPECT images were acquired for this phantom and for a modified RS-542 commercial solid neck–thyroid phantom. The response and sensitivity of the SPECT modality for different administered I-123 and I-131 activities within the equal-size remnants of both phantoms were calculated. When we compared the phantoms, using the same radiopharmaceutical and similar activities, we found that the measured sensitivities were comparable. In all cases, the I-123 counting rate was higher than the I-131 one. This phantom with capabilities to insert different small sizes of remnants and simulate different background-to-remnants activity ratios can be utilized to evaluate postsurgical thyroid SPECT/CT imaging procedures.
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J. Grey, Merilyn, Michael F. Clarke, and Richard H. Loyn. "Influence of the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala on avian diversity and abundance in remnant Grey Box woodland." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 1 (1998): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980055.
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The abundance of an aggressive Australian honeyeater, the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala, was reduced at four small (<8 ha) Grey Box Eucalyptus microcarpa woodland remnants by experimental removal. The diversity and abundance of small insectivorous and nectarivorous birds increased at three of the four sites (relative to matching control sites) over the twelve months following the removal of the Noisy Miners. The one exception occurred at a pair of sites where eucalypts began flowering at one site and finished at the other during the Noisy Miner removal period. These results, taken together with those from three earlier experiments where the abundance of Noisy Miners was reduced in Mugga Ironbark E. Sideroxylon woodland remnants, demonstrate that Noisy Miners affect avian diversity and abundance by aggressive exclusion of other species. In five out of seven experiments, Noisy Miners did not reinvade the small woodland remnants during the ensuing twelve months. When Noisy Miner abundance was reduced, increased populations of small insectivorous and nectarivorous birds used small degraded woodland remnants. Colonizing populations of small birds have the potential to reduce insect infestations and may assist in the recovery of dieback-affected woodland remnants. Research is continuing to test this hypothesis. Reducing the abundance of Noisy Miners in remnant eucalypt woodlands may also be a useful, short-term measure, which could assist in the recovery of threatened or endangered bird species.
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O'Loughlin, Thea, Luke S. O'Loughlin, Damian R. Michael, Jeffrey T. Wood, Helen P. Waudby, Phillip Falcke, and David B. Lindenmayer. "The importance of travelling stock reserves for maintaining high-quality threatened temperate woodlands." Australian Journal of Botany 65, no. 7 (2017): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17114.
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Travelling stock reserves (TSRs) are thought to represent some of the highest-quality and least degraded remnants of threatened temperate woodland in south-eastern Australia. These public reserves have not had the same high levels of grazing pressure and other disturbances as woodland remnants on private land. Thus, TSRs are expected to be important for the protection of biodiversity in heavily cleared and modified landscapes. We tested the hypothesis that land tenure had significant effects on the quality of woodlands by comparing vegetation structural attributes between TSRs and remnant vegetation used for primary production purposes. Vegetation attributes were monitored in 155 permanent plots over 5 years in remnant temperate woodland sites in the Riverina bioregion of New South Wales. Overall, TSRs supported higher native plant species richness and were characterised by higher ground cover of native shrubs and less cover of exotic plant species than agricultural production areas. We found land tenure had significant effects on some vegetation attributes demonstrated to be important for threatened fauna. We attribute these results to TSRs having a history of lower grazing pressure compared with remnants managed for agricultural production. Our study provides empirical evidence to support the high conservation value of TSRs in formerly woodland-dominated, but now extensively cleared agricultural landscapes.
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Whittall-Garcia, Laura Patricia, Farnoosh Naderinabi, Dafna D. Gladman, Murray Urowitz, Zahi Touma, Ana Konvalinka, and Joan Wither. "Circulating neutrophil extracellular trap remnants as a biomarker to predict outcomes in lupus nephritis." Lupus Science & Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 2024): e001038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2023-001038.
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ObjectiveTo determine if the serum levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) remnants (Elastase-DNA and HMGB1-DNA complexes) at the time of a lupus nephritis (LN) flare predict renal outcomes in the following 24 months.MethodsThis was a retrospective study performed in prospectively followed cohorts. The study included two cohorts: an exploratory cohort to assess the association between NET remnant levels and the presence of active LN, and a separate LN cohort to determine the utility of NET remnants to predict renal outcomes over the subsequent 24 months.ResultsNinety-two individuals were included in the exploratory cohort (49 active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 23 inactive SLE and 20 healthy controls (HC)). NET remnants were significantly higher in patients with SLE patients compared with HC (p<0.0001 for both complexes) and those with active LN (36%) had significantly higher levels of NET remnants compared with active SLE without LN (Elastase-DNA: p=0.03; HMGB1-DNA: p=0.02). The LN cohort included 109 active LN patients. Patients with proliferative LN had significantly higher levels of NET remnants than non-proliferative LN (Elastase-DNA: p<0.0001; HMGB1-DNA: p=0.0003). Patients with higher baseline levels of NET remnants had higher odds of not achieving complete remission (Elastase-DNA: OR 2.34, p=0.007; HMGB1-DNA: OR 2.61, p=0.009) and of progressing to severe renal impairment (Elastase-DNA: OR 2.84, p=0.006; HMGB1-DNA: OR 2.04, p=0.02) at 24 months after the flare.ConclusionsElastase-DNA and HMGB1-DNA complexes predict renal outcomes, suggesting they could be used to identify patients requiring more aggressive therapy at flare onset.
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Fakhry Attalla et al., Raky. "Investigation of Pineapple Remnants Used in Fish Aqua Feeds." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.213363.
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Ploegstra, Jeffrey T., Brittany de Ruyter, and Tony Jelsma. "Population Genetic Structure of Asclepias Tuberosa In Northwest Iowa: A Comparison Within and Between Remnant Prairies and Commercially Available Seed." Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 122, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17833/121-04.1.
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Isolated in scattered remnants, less than 0.1% of Iowa's original tallgrass prairie remains. The small populations remaining are at risk for reduced genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, and outbreeding depression. In light of these concerns, we used microsatellite analysis to assess the genetic structure of butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) populations on prairie remnants in northwest Iowa. We compared remnant populations with a restoration population at Dordt College in Sioux Center, Iowa, and with an Oklahoma seed source. Microsatellites identified for use in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) had sufficient polymorphism information content (PIC) across the butterfly milkweed (A. tuberosa) populations sampled (mean PIC = 0.624). The FIS values indicated a lack of inbreeding (mean FIS = −0.1455) even in the commercially expanded seed. The pairwise FST values showed a low degree of differentiation among the remnants (mean FST = 0.0453) but a moderate degree (mean FST = 0.105) of differentiation when comparing the remnants to the Dordt restoration or to seed from Oklahoma. Despite massive loss and fragmentation of the tallgrass prairie, our microsatellite analysis revealed no evidence of inbreeding in A. tuberosa. However, evidence of genetic differentiation suggests that effort should be made to preserve the diversity still present. Seed expansion efforts appear to have had minimal impact on overall genetic diversity, although the diversity in particular selectable traits may be reduced. The differences between the genetics of the propagated seed at the Dordt restoration and the Oklahoma seed when compared to native remnants support the usefulness of source-identified seed.
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Thines, Laurent, Amir R. Dehdashti, Peter Howard, Leodante Da Costa, M. Christopher Wallace, Robert A. Willinsky, Michael Tymianski, Jean-Paul Lejeune, and Ronit Agid. "Postoperative Assessment of Clipped Aneurysms With 64-Slice Computerized Tomography Angiography." Neurosurgery 67, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000374684.10920.a2.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Multidetector computerized tomography angiography (MDCTA) is now a widely accepted technique for the management of intracranial aneurysms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate its accuracy for the postoperative assessment of clipped intracranial aneurysms. METHODS We analyzed a consecutive series of 31 patients that underwent direct surgical clipping procedures of 38 aneurysms. A 64 slice MDCT scanner (Aquilion 64, Toshiba) was used and results were compared with digital subtraction angiographies (DSA). Two independent neuroradiologists analyzed the following data: examination quality, artifacts, aneurysm remnant, and patency of collateral branches. Interobserver agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. RESULTS Seventy-nine percent of the aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation. Significant artifacts were found with multiple and cobalt-alloy clips. According to DSA, remnants >2 mm were found in 21% of the cases, and 2 patients had one collateral branch occluded. Sensitivity and specificity of 64-MDCTA for the detection of aneurysm remnants were 50% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of 64-MDCTA for the detection of a significant remnant (>2 mm) and the detection of the occlusion of a collateral branch were, respectively, 67% and 100% and 50% and 100%. No relationship was found with the location, type, shape, size, or number of clips, but missed remnants tended to be larger with cobalt-alloy clips. CONCLUSIONS 64-MDCTA is a valuable technique to assess the presence of a significant postoperative remnant in single titanium clip application cases and might be useful for long-term follow-up. DSA remains the most accurate postoperative radiological examination.
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Adach-Pawelus, Karolina, and Daniel Pawelus. "Application of Hydraulic Backfill for Rockburst Prevention in the Mining Field with Remnant in the Polish Underground Copper Mines." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 3869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133869.
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In the polish underground copper mines owned by KGHM Polska Miedz S.A, various types of room and pillar mining systems are used, mainly with roof deflection, but also with dry and hydraulic backfill. One of the basic problems associated with the exploitation of copper deposits is rockburst hazard. Aa high level of rockburst hazard is caused by mining the ore at great depth in difficult geological and mining conditions, among others, in the vicinity of remnants. The main goal of this study is to investigate how hydraulic backfill improves the geomechanical situation in the mining filed and reduce rockburst risk in the vicinity of remnants. Numerical modeling was conducted for the case study of a mining field where undisturbed ore remnant, 40 m in width, was left behind. To compare the results, simulations were performed for a room and pillar mining system with roof deflection and for a room and pillar mining system with hydraulic backfill. Results of numerical analysis demonstrate that hydraulic backfill can limit rock mass deformation and disintegration in the mining field where remnants have been left. It may also reduce stress concentration inside or in the vicinity of a remnant, increase its stability, as well as prevent and reduce seismic and rockburst hazards. Hydraulic backfill as a local support stabilizes the geomechanical situation in the mining field.
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Kheirabadi, Mahdieh, Majid Azizi, Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh, and Yoshiharu Fujii. "Recent Advances in Saffron Soil Remediation: Activated Carbon and Zeolites Effects on Allelopathic Potential." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121714.
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Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a highly valuable plant. Iran provides nearly 90% of the world’s total saffron and is the biggest global producer. The allelopathic effects of saffron corm (SC) and saffron field soil (SFS) have been hypothesized to play an important role in replanting. Recently, adsorbent materials have been used to neutralize the effects of allelochemicals. These materials, including activated carbon and zeolite, have large surface areas, pore volumes, as well as tremendous adsorptive capacity and complex chemical and physical properties. In this study, three independent experiments were conducted. In the first test, the allelopathic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of SC remnant and 9-year-old SFS as well as filtered aqueous extract of soil were investigated. In the second assay, the effects of SC remnants and SFS with different ages (i.e., 4, 6, and 9 years old) in combination with adsorbents were examined on the germination and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings by the sandwich method. In the third experiment, we examined the effects of SC remnants combined with adsorbents on lettuce growth parameters. Our results showed that the allelopathic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of SC remnant were significantly superior to those of 9-year-old SFS. The aqueous extract of SC remnant reduced the root length of lettuce by 50%. The use of activated carbon and zeolites significantly decreased the observed allelopathic effect. Moreover, lettuce growth in rhizosphere soil was significantly inhibited by SC remnant and SFS extracts. The allelopathic effects of SC remnants caused a growth imbalance between the shoot and roots. Based on biochemical analyses, using the adsorbents increased the carotenoid content and chlorophyll index of lettuce by 23.33% and 5.25%, respectively. Adsorbents may play a role in treating soils contaminated by allelochemicals.
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Michael, Konstantinos, Savvas Frangos, Ioannis Iakovou, Antonis Lontos, George Demosthenous, and Yiannis Parpottas. "The Impact of Dual and Triple Energy Window Scatter Correction on I-123 Postsurgical Thyroid SPECT/CT Imaging Using a Phantom with Small Sizes of Thyroid Remnants." Life 14, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14010113.
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I-123 is preferential over I-131 for diagnostic SPECT imaging after a thyroidectomy to determine the presence and size of residual thyroid tissue for radioiodine ablation. Scattering degrades the quality of I-123 SPECT images, primarily due to the penetration of high-energy photons into the main photopeak. The objective of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the impact of two widely used window-based scatter correction techniques, the dual energy window (DEW) and triple energy window (TEW) techniques, in I-123 postsurgical SPECT/CT thyroid imaging using an anthropomorphic phantom with small sizes of remnants and anatomically correct surrounding structures. For this purpose, non-scatter-corrected, DEW and TEW scatter-corrected SPECT/CT acquisitions were performed for 0.5–10 mL remnants within a phantom, with 0.5–12.6 MBq administered activities within the remnants, and without and with background-to-remnant activity ratios of 5% and 10%. The decrease in photons, the noise and non-uniformity in the background region due to scatter correction were measured, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) from small remnants. The images were also visually evaluated by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Scatter correction decreased photons to a higher extent in larger regions than smaller regions. Larger remnants yielded higher SNR and CNR values, particularly at lower background activities. It was found from the quantitative analysis and the qualitative evaluation that TEW scatter correction performed better than DEW scatter correction, particularly at higher background activities, while no significant differences were reported at lower background activities. Scatter correction should be applied in I-123 postsurgical SPECT/CT imaging to improve the image contrast and detectability of small remnants within the background.
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Quik, Cindy, Ype van der Velde, Jasper H. J. Candel, Luc Steinbuch, Roy van Beek, and Jakob Wallinga. "Faded landscape: unravelling peat initiation and lateral expansion at one of northwest Europe's largest bog remnants." Biogeosciences 20, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 695–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-695-2023.
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Abstract. On the mainland of northwest Europe generally only remnants of former peat landscapes subsist. Due to the poor preservation of these landscapes, alternative approaches to reconstruct peat initiation and lateral expansion are needed compared to regions with intact peat cover. Here we aim (1) to find explanatory variables within a digital soil mapping approach that allow us to reconstruct the pattern of peat initiation and lateral expansion within (and potentially beyond) peat remnants, and (2) to reconstruct peat initiation ages and lateral expansion for one of the largest bog remnants of the northwest European mainland, Fochteloërveen. Basal radiocarbon dates were obtained from the peat remnant, which formed the basis for subsequent analyses. We investigated the relationship between peat initiation age and three potential covariates: (1) total thickness of organic deposits, (2) elevation of the Pleistocene mineral surface that underlies the organic deposits, and (3) a constructed variable representing groundwater-fed wetness based on elevation of the mineral surface and current hydraulic head. Significant relationships were found with covariates (1) and (3), which were then used for subsequent modelling. Our results indicate simultaneous peat initiation at several loci in Fochteloërveen during the Early Holocene and continuous lateral expansion until 900 cal BP. Lateral expansion accelerated between 5500–3500 cal BP. Our approach is spatially explicit (i.e. results in a map of peat initiation ages), and it allows for a quantitative evaluation of the prediction using the standard deviation and comparison of predictions with validation points. The applied method based on covariate (1) is only useful where remnant peat survived, whereas covariate (3) may ultimately be applied to reconstruct peat initiation ages and lateral peatland expansion beyond the limits of peat remnants.
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Jones, Janet E., Philip Mellor, and Jesper Storm. "Limits on the Missing Mass in Dark Stellar Remnants." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 117 (1987): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900150600.
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A set of comprehensive computer models for the chemical evolution of galaxies have been used to determine the limits on the amount of mass that could exist in the form of dark stellar remnants deriving from normal stellar evolutionary processes. In these models, the instantaneous recycling approximation is not assumed: stars are binned into 10 mass intervals, with different lifetimes, yields and remnant masses. The models were run using many different values for the IMF (including non-Salpeter and varying IMFs), star formation rates, yields, remnant masses, gas infall and outflow rates, primordial metalliciy and initial conditions. The Galaxy is described by a two-zone halo-disk system, where gas from the halo falls onto the disk. Elliptical galaxies are described by single-zone models.
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Borges, Guilherme Augusto, Gabriel Mancilla, Alberto Barros Siqueira, Mauricio Humberto Vancine, Milton Cezar Ribeiro, and João Carlos de Souza Maia. "The fate of vegetation remnants in the southern Amazon's largest threatened hotspot: part (I) a 33-year analysis of LULCC in the Tapajos River basin, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 10 (August 12, 2022): e448111032553. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553.
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In the present study, we evaluated the dynamics of native vegetation cover (NVC) fragmentation from 1985 to 2018 in the most threatened basin of the Rio Tapajos (TRB), a tributary of the Amazon River. The study sought to understand how land use pressures negatively impacted the remnants of the agricultural matrix and the biodiversity of local biotas. To this end, we created a sampling grid with hexagons of 50,000 hectares each, compartmentalized as follows: for the entire basin area, we used a grid of 1255 hexagons in the analyses; in the northern portion of the basin (Amazon biome), we used a grid with 965 hexagons and in the southern portion of the basin (Cerrado biome) we used a grid with 290 hexagons. In these grids, we apply six landscape ecology metrics: number, size, edge, isolation, remnants and interiority, unprecedented in landscape studies. The hexagons created were our analytical units in the study of isolation and habitat loss between forest remnants (Fo) and savannas (Sa) in the three defined Core Areas. The results showed that the fragmentation dynamics in TRB was not a single and isolated event in the three compartments analyzed, with different clusters in the studied portions. The number of remnants grew exponentially in the landscape, in the first 20 years of the study (1985- 2005), and their areas lost half their original sizes in both parts of the basin. Regardless of remnant size or typology, the edge effect was high in both small and large patches (Fo = 15% and Sa = 20%). The isolation of the remnants was greater and increasing in the northern portion of the basin, in 20 years (1985-2005), the isolation class 100 to 1000 meters increased 31% for the Fo patches, while the Sa patches increased only 11% in the southern part of the basin. The total losses of remnants (Fo+Sa) in the northern portion were 38% and 41% for the remainders of the southern portion of the basin. It is important to emphasize that this study is the largest assessment ever carried out in the entire area of an Amazon watershed, with the objective of creating a database for comparative studies with other threatened watersheds. Our analyzes showed that 60% of the TRB Plateau area was converted to planted pastures and annual crops. If the same rates of deforestation and fragmentation remain at the current level, the prognosis for 2040 will not be encouraging.
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Q. Radford, James, and Andrew F. Bennett. "Factors affecting patch occupancy by the White-browed Treecreeper Climacteris affinis in an agricultural landscape in north-west Victoria, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 3 (2006): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060195.
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The survival of habitat-dependent fauna within agricultural mosaics depends on their ability to occupy remnant habitat patches and move through the modified landscape. In north-west Victoria, Australia, less than 10% of the pre-European extent of Belah Casuarina pauper woodland remains intact due to agricultural development. The White-browed Treecreeper Climacteris affinis, is a small, insectivorous passerine that, in this region, preferentially inhabits Belah woodland. To assess the ability of C. affinis to persist in an agricultural landscape, 30 woodland sites in the Millewa landscape (34�30'S, 141�30'E) were surveyed, and patterns of patch occupancy used to examine the influence of spatial characteristics, landscape context and grazing by stock on the suitability of remnants as C. affinis habitat. Sites occupied by C. affinis were larger and less likely to be grazed by stock than vacant patches. The area-dependency of patch occupancy represents a step-threshold: C. affinis were not detected in remnants with less than 18.5 ha of Belah woodland but above this threshold, density was not correlated with patch area. Measures of patch isolation, the existence of linking linear "corridors" and tree density were not reliable indicators of patch occupancy. The presence of the species in remnants entirely surrounded by agricultural land suggests they are capable of crossing up to 450 m of cultivated land to prospect for habitat. The extensive network of linear vegetation and the numerous small remnants and scattered trees appear to facilitate movements of C. affinis in this landscape. Increasing the size of existing remnants, creating new habitat to expand the area of occupancy and maintaining landscape connectivity are priorities for the long-term management of this threatened species.
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Thabit, Budoor Mohammed, and Hanisa Hassan. "STUDY ON USAGE OF FABRIC REMNANTS ON YEMENI’S FASHION FOR WOMEN." International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia 3, no. 9 (June 10, 2020): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijham.39001.
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The big quantity of fabric remnants was thrown away in Yemen due to a lack of knowledge and competency in reusing the remnants as material for making clothes. It has become a burden to the consumers and also bad for the environment. Therefore, this research aims to understand why the seamstress in Yemen wasted a lot of remnants and the possibility of using the remnants in making innovative designs on Yemenis traditional clothing such as Abaya and Galabiah. In order to answer the objectives, the researcher applies the qualitative approach in order to describe and understand the problems stated for this study by made several interviews with Yemeni’s respondent who used to be a seamstress in Yemen, besides her personal experience when working in the workshop in Yemen. The prior objective is to recognise what was done to remnants in sewing workshops. Secondly, the researcher will be producing a design line using remnants with various techniques of embellishment to create new designs for Yemen's traditional costume of Abaya and Galabiah. The researcher hopes that through her innovation can inspire other designers or seamstress to use remnants as a source of material in making clothes. At the end of this study, the researcher found out that her Yemeni’s respondents threw away remnants because they do not have the knowledge and skill to turn remnants into fashion. Plus, they are also lazy to think of recycling remnants since they had lots of orders from clients. In the end, the researcher made a questionnaire about the final designs and they did agree that remnants can be used to make beautiful traditional Yemeni’s dress. Since remnants came from different sources, the design made is unique and one-off, which is the preference for most Yemenis. The researcher also proved that innovative and creative thinking are vital in creating designs, and hopefully it can change the perspective of Yemeni women towards the usage of remnants in fashion.
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WATTS, G. F., D. C. F. CHAN, P. H. R. BARRETT, I. J. MARTINS, and T. G. REDGRAVE. "Preliminary experience with a new stable isotope breath test for chylomicron remnant metabolism: a study in central obesity." Clinical Science 101, no. 6 (November 20, 2001): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1010683.
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We aimed to investigate the metabolism of chylomicron remnants in the postabsorptive state employing a new stable isotope breath test in centrally obese men without overt hyperlipidaemia. Groups of 12 centrally obese and 12 non-obese men of similar age and with similar plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) levels were studied. The catabolism of chylomicron remnants was measured using an intravenous injection of a remnant-like emulsion containing cholesteryl [13C]oleate. Isotopic enrichment of 13CO2 in breath was determined using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and a multi-compartmental model (SAAM II program) was used to estimate the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of the chylomicron remnant-like particles. The plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and insulin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the obese than the control subjects. The obese subjects had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) and, in particular, a decreased FCR of the remnant-like particles compared with lean subjects (0.061±0.014 and 0.201±0.048pools/h respectively; P = 0.016). In the obese group, the FCR of remnant-like particles was inversely associated with the waist/hip ratio, and with plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels. In multiple regression analysis, the waist/hip ratio was the best predictor of the FCR of the emulsion. In conclusion, this new test suggests that postabsorptive chylomicron remnant catabolism is impaired in centrally obese subjects without overt hyperlipidaemia. This defect may be due to the degree of adiposity.
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Kluiving, S. J., A. L. L. M. Verbers, and W. J. F. Thijs. "Lithological analysis of 45 presumed pingo remnants in the northern Netherlands (Friesland): substrate control and fill sequences." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 89, no. 1 (July 2010): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600000822.
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AbstractA number of 45 presumed pingo remnants have been analysed on lithological criteria while measured parameters of pingo remnants can be compared on a spatial scale. Methods used were hand augering and radiocarbon dating. Out of 45 cored sites thirty sites proved to represent pingo remnants after having tested the results according to the set of descriptive criteria. Does a difference in filling types in a spatial analysis influence the choice of early settlers in this region? Results show that two groups of pingo remnants can be distinguished by the nature of the pingo filling. Type 1 pingo remnants with predominantly peat filling are found in the lower valleys between the higher glacial till ridges. Type 2 pingo remnants with equal loam and peat filling are predominantly found on the higher glacial till ridges. Type 2 pingo remnants generally have a greater depth, are more ellipsoid in shape, and have a steeper slope angle than type 1 pingo remnants on the lower terrain. Results indicate that the substrate character influenced the development of infilling of pingo remnants. Marshy environments may have existed for a prolonged period throughout the Holocene in pingo remnants on the glacial ridges, while pingo remnants on the lower terrain are filled in by peat bogs. Landscape evolution based on the results of a distinct dataset of pingo remnants can help to solve archaeological problems of settlement issues when combined with new palaeobotanic data and high resolution dates.
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Kemery, Ricky D. "VAM INNOCULATION OF SUDEX USING PRAIRIE REMNANT SOIL." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 552a—552. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.552a.
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Soil samples collected from four remnant prairie plant communities in Indiana were used as innoculum for pot cultures of Sudan grass seedlings (Sorghum sudanense). The growth of seedlings was correlated with the quality of the prairie remnant; the less degraded sites provided innoculum which resulted in the most vigorous plant growth in culture. Sudan grass root segments were harvested and prepared for assay of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. VAM was shown to be present in innoculated samples. Results indicate that soil collected from undisturbed prairie remnants may provide a better source of VAM innoculum for larger scale production of plants which associate with VA mycorrhizae.
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Okazawa, Yu, Hirotsugu Morioka, Michitoshi Goto, Michihiro Orihata, Kazuhiro Sakamoto, and Shigeru Kobayashi. "Device used for Laparoscopic Management of Urachal Remnants at our Department." Nihon Gekakei Rengo Gakkaishi (Journal of Japanese College of Surgeons) 44, no. 4 (2019): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4030/jjcs.44.658.
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Brückner, M. "Laparoscopy for the treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome in four dogs and two cats." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 44, no. 02 (2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15654/tpk-150328.
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Summary Objective: To describe the clinical workup and laparoscopic treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs and cats. Material and methods: After confirming the diagnosis with some or all of the following tests – vaginoscopy with cytology, hormonal tests, and ultrasound – laparoscopic removal of the ovarian remnants was performed. A three-portal technique was used in the four dogs and a two-portal technique in the two cats. Results: All patients recovered well and were discharged the same day. No post-operative complications occurred in any patient. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Overall, in the hands of an experienced laparoscopic surgeon, laparoscopic removal of ovarian remnants appears to be a safe procedure in dogs and cats. In addition, laparoscopy offers the advantages of excellent visualization and a reduced morbidity for the patient. Careful case selection and complete pre-operative workup to rule out co-morbidities or underlying neoplasia are important. As with any laparoscopy the surgeon should always be prepared to convert to an open laparotomy if necessary.
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Chen, Bo, and Hong Yang. "Observation of hyaloid artery remnants in premature infants." International Eye Research 2, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ier.2021.04.05.
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AIM: To observe the hyaloid artery remnants in the eyes of premature infants. METHODS: This retrospective study recruited premature infants who consecutively attended the Tongji Hospital for retinopathy of prematurity screening from May 2018 to November 2018. The binocular indirect ophthalmoscope was used for examination. RESULTS: In total, 60 cases were pulled for data analysis. The cases were categorized as having the following condition: hyaloid artery remnants positive or hyaloid artery remnants negative. It was showed that the remnants positive group had significant lower gestational age and birth weight than those of the negative group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gender, labor presentation and retinopathy of prematurity between the two groups (P>0.05). The hyaloid artery remnants completely regressed in all the follow-up cases. The range of disappearing time of hyaloid artery remnants was 37-44wk of corrected gestational age. CONCLUSION: The hyaloid artery remnants in preterm infants are most likely to be physiological residues. Younger or lower weight premature infants will have higher positive detection rates of hyaloid artery remnants. It seems like co-existence with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has no significant association with the detection of hyaloid artery remnants. When the corrected gestational age extends over 43wk, if the hyaloid artery remnants don’t regress, there is a possibility of pathological changes, and appropriate interventions should be selected according to the severity of the lesions.
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Anderson, N. L., and R. J. Brown. "A seismic analysis of Black Creek and Wabumun salt collapse features, western Canadian sedimentary basin." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 5 (May 1991): 618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443078.
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Two Devonian salts of western Canada, those of the Black Creek member (Upper Elk Point subgroup) in northwest Alberta and those of the Wabamun group in southeastern Alberta, were widely distributed and uniformly deposited within their respective basins. Both of these salts are interbedded within predominantly carbonate sequences and both have been extensively leached. They are now preserved as discontinuous remnants of variable thickness and areal extent. These salt remnants and their associated collapse features are often associated with structural or stratigraphic traps. Structural traps typically form where reservoir facies are closed across remnant salts, stratigraphic traps often develop where reservoir facies were either preferentially deposited and/or preserved in salt collapse lows. As a result of these relationships between dissolution and hydrocarbon entrapment, the distribution (areal extent and thickness) of these salt remnants is of significant interest to the explorationist. Both the Black Creek and Wabamun salts have relatively abrupt contacts with the encasing higher velocity, higher density carbonates. Where these salts are sufficiently thick, their top and base typically generate high amplitude reflections, and lateral variations in the salt isopach can be directly determined from the seismic data. Relative salt thicknesses can also be indirectly estimated through analyses of lateral variations in the thicknesses of the encompassing carbonates, time structural drape and velocity pullup. Such seismic information about the thickness and the extent of these salts should be used together with well log control to generate subsurface distribution maps. These maps will facilitate both the delineation of prospective structural and stratigraphic play fairways and the determination of the timing of salt dissolution. In addition, an appreciation of regional salt distribution will decrease the likelihood that remnant salts will be misinterpreted as either reefs and/or faulted structures.
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Dwek, Eli. "Infrared Analysis of Supernova Remnants." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 101 (1988): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100102672.
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AbstractInfrared observations of supernova remnants obtained with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite provide new insights into the dynamics and energetics of the remnants, and into their interaction with the ambient interstellar medium. In most remnants the infrared emission arises from dust that is collisionally heated by the X-ray emitting gas. The infrared observations can therefore be used as a diagnostic for the physical conditions of the shocked gas. In particular, it is shown that all the prominent X-ray remnants in the Galaxy and in the LMC cool mainly by dust grain collisions instead of atomic processes.
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Gerganov, Venelin Miloslavov, Amir Samii, Arasch Akbarian, Lennart Stieglitz, Madjid Samii, and Rudolf Fahlbusch. "Reliability of intraoperative high-resolution 2D ultrasound as an alternative to high–field strength MR imaging for tumor resection control: a prospective comparative study." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 3 (September 2009): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.2.jns08535.
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Object Ultrasound may be a reliable but simpler alternative to intraoperative MR imaging (iMR imaging) for tumor resection control. However, its reliability in the detection of tumor remnants has not been definitely proven. The aim of the study was to compare high-field iMR imaging (1.5 T) and high-resolution 2D ultrasound in terms of tumor resection control. Methods A prospective comparative study of 26 consecutive patients was performed. The following parameters were compared: the existence of tumor remnants after presumed radical removal and the quality of the images. Tumor remnants were categorized as: detectable with both imaging modalities or visible only with 1 modality. Results Tumor remnants were detected in 21 cases (80.8%) with iMR imaging. All large remnants were demonstrated with both modalities, and their image quality was good. Two-dimensional ultrasound was not as effective in detecting remnants < 1 cm. Two remnants detected with iMR imaging were missed by ultrasound. In 2 cases suspicious signals visible only on ultrasound images were misinterpreted as remnants but turned out to be a blood clot and peritumoral parenchyma. The average time for acquisition of an ultrasound image was 2 minutes, whereas that for an iMR image was ~ 10 minutes. Neither modality resulted in any procedure-related complications or morbidity. Conclusions Intraoperative MR imaging is more precise in detecting small tumor remnants than 2D ultrasound. Nevertheless, the latter may be used as a less expensive and less time-consuming alternative that provides almost real-time feedback information. Its accuracy is highest in case of more confined, deeply located remnants. In cases of more superficially located remnants, its role is more limited.
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Andonov, Bogomil, Silviya Dimitrova, Plamen Zagorchev, and Milena Draganova-Filipova. "Sem analysis of the endodontic cavity wall after removal of restorative materials used as temporary restoration." Folia Medica 64, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.64.e68508.
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Aim: The aim of the present in vitro study was to analyze the endodontic cavity walls for presence of remnants of conventional glass ionomer cement and flowable light cure composite used as temporary restorative materials of endodontically treated teeth. The dentine surface of the access cavity was observed with scanning electron microscopy after the final removal of the temporary restoration using high-speed turbine and diamond bur or ultrasonic device and diamond tip. Materials and methods: Twenty-one extracted intact human molars were selected for this study. Endodontic access, enlargement of the coronal one third of the root canals and standard irrigation were performed. Teeth were then restored with two different materials – conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac Molar Easymix, 3M ESPE, USA) and flowable light cure composite (Vertise flow, KERR, USA) and divided in four groups according to the method of removal and type of material used for temporary restoration. One sample, positive for temporary material remnants, was used as a control group. After the removal of the restorative material, all specimens were prepared for SEM examination. Scanning Electron Microscopy (Prisma E SEM, Thermo Scientific, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) was used to examine the surface morphology of the samples. The samples were sputter-coated with gold using vacuum evaporator (JEOL JFC-1200). The images were recorded at 20 kV acceleration using various magnifications (×150, ×500, and ×1000). Results and conclusions: Remnants were detected in all specimens, regardless of the material for temporary restoration or method of removal.
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Law, Bradley S., Mark Chidel, and Trent Penman. "Do young eucalypt plantations benefit bats in an intensive agricultural landscape?" Wildlife Research 38, no. 3 (2011): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10204.
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Context Environmental benefits of timber plantations have been a major selling point for land use change from previously cleared farmland, but data concerning the response of biodiversity are scarce. Aims We investigated the use of young (4–11 years old) timber plantations by bats in comparison with other vegetation classes in a highly cleared and productive agricultural landscape in north-west New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods Initially, we recorded activity in paddocks before plantation establishment, and then four to six years after establishment. We compared activity within young eucalypt plantations with surrounding paddocks and remnant woodland. We also radio-tracked four different bat species to investigate how roosting and foraging was apportioned into different habitats. Key results The ultrasonic survey of bats found that the young plantations were typically used by 7–8 species and activity averaged 87 passes per night. Activity within plantations was similar to treeless paddocks, and approximately six times less than in small remnants. The very high activity levels and feeding buzzes in small remnants was significantly related to rich, basalt soil (which was used as a proxy for invertebrate biomass) on agricultural plains. Total activity and species richness was correlated positively with the number of remnant trees on the site, but neither plantation area nor shape influenced bat activity. Plantations were not used preferentially by radio-tracked bats at night compared with their availability in the local landscape (13–14% bat use, 17% available). No bat roosts were located within the plantations. Most bat roosts were in tree hollows, which were absent in the plantations. Decorticating bark was abundant in eucalypt plantations, but only Nyctophilus geoffroyi was observed beneath bark and only in remnant trees outside of plantations. Conclusions Young eucalypt plantations have limited value for bats, and this is comparable to previous studies on more environmentally focussed plantings. Implications The value of plantations for bats would be improved by retaining remnant trees, both in the surrounding landscape and within plantations. We also recommend varying tree densities to increase the diversity of animal species using plantations.
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Kemery, Ricky D., and Michael N. Dana. "Prairie Remnant Soil as a Source of Mycorrhizal Inoculum." HortScience 30, no. 5 (August 1995): 1015–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.5.1015.
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Soil from four native prairie remnant sites was used as inoculum in pot culture to achieve vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection of Sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf]. The prairie sites varied in their management histories and degradation levels. Sudangrass plants that became infected with VAM grew better than those grown in standard pasteurized greenhouse mix or those grown in a pasteurized greenhouse–prairie soil mix. Soil from prairie remnants may serve as a beginning source of inoculum that can be increased via Sudangrass pot culture for inoculation of prairie plant seedlings in nursery production.
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Fortin, Daniel, and Graham W. Arnold. "The Influence of Road Verges on the Use of Nearby Small Shrubland Remnants by Birds in the Central Wheatbelt of Western Australia." Wildlife Research 24, no. 6 (1997): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96081.
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In the Kellerberrin District of the Western Australian wheatbelt, about 60% of the remnants of native vegetation are smaller than 10 ha. We studied the variation in bird abundance in 13 small remnants (range 0·03–6·71 ha) of shrubland isolated in farmland by distances of 70–600 m from the nearest native vegetation, a road verge. Overall, 31 species were recorded in the remnants and nearby road verges, and species richness varied from 7 to 15 at individual sites. Regression analysis showed that the structural attributes of verges and the number of birds found in verges were more often significant predictors of variation in the number of individuals of the most common 19 species censused in remnants than were the structural attributes in the remnants themselves. The diversity of all bird species and the richness of species dependent on native vegetation decreased significantly with the distance of remnants from road verges. For a group of 10 species of small passerines, species richness, species turnover, and variation in the number of individuals between consecutive censuses all were negatively related to the distance between remnants and road verges. For five of these 10 species, there were fewer individuals in remnants than in adjacent road verges when the distance between them exceeded 110 m. However, for less-isolated remnants (≤110 m), only one species showed a significant difference in abundance. It is concluded that these small shrubland remnants are primarily used by birds moving to and from adjacent areas of native vegetation, in this case road verges. The value of small remnants of vegetation as parts of the conservation network decreases with their isolation, and is strongly linked to the use of road verges by the shrubland bird community.
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Milne, D. K., J. L. Caswell, R. F. Haynes, M. J. Kesteven, K. J. Wellington, R. S. Roger, and J. D. Bunton. "Synthesis Observations of Southern Supernova Remnants." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 6, no. 1 (1985): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000026734.
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AbstractThe synthesis telescopes at Fleurs and Molonglo have been used to map 50 supernova remnants. Additional specialized software to process the maps has been developed, and Parkes observations have been used to supply short spacing information missing from the maps.
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Pedlar, Alan. "Extragalactic Supernovae and the Starformation Rate." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 205 (2001): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900221487.
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The advantages of studying samples of supernova remnants in external galaxies will be discussed. A summary of how the remnants can be used to infer starformation rates in starburst galaxies will be given, as will the use of these remnants to probe the interstellar medium of these galaxies on parsec scales. Widefield EVN and Global VLBI measurements of remnants in the nearby starburst in M82 will be described in detail, and recent expansion velocity measurements described. The similarity between the strongest compact source in M82 and the objects recently discovered in Arp220 will be noted. The sensitivity limitations of this work will be discussed and the prospects for studies of more distant objects using Square Kilometer Array considered.
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Jovanović, Nemanja. "Case Remnants in the Bulgarian Phrasemes." Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura-Bulgarian Language and Literature 63, no. 5 (October 9, 2021): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/bel2021-5-5.cases.fras.
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This article analyzes the case remnants in Bulgarian phrasemes. As a source we used Nov frazeologichen rechnik na balgarskiya ezik (1993) by Keti Ankova-Nicheva. Where possible, a comparison has been made with phrasemes in Russian, Serbian, Old Bulgarian and Church Slavonic, which are taken from phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages. The origin of some case forms has been studied. The methods of definitional, component and comparative analysis with Slavic synthetic languages are used. The analysis of the material shows that under the influence of the Church Slavonic language, most of the phraseologies that have retained case forms belong to the sphere of religion.
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Menezes, JFS, and FAS Fernandez. "Nestedness in forest mammals is dependent on area but not on matrix type and sample size: an analysis on different fragmented landscapes." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 3 (August 2013): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000300002.
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Nestedness, the pattern in which the species of a species-poor community are a subset of species-rich communities, can provide information regarding species order of extinction, which is vital knowledge for conservation biology. We tested the hypotheses that the nestedness of mammal communities in forest remnants is influenced by sampling effort, mean remnant area, range of remnant areas, matrix type, and presence or absence of forest corridors, and compared the results with multi-taxa reviews. We used 24 published datasets to test this hypothesis and ran simple regressions for each variable. Our results provide evidence that area was the main determinant of nestedness in mammalian communities. We also found a significant effect on the range of areas as measured through area ratio. However we conclude that nestedness is not affected by sample size.
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Fryer, Chris L. "Compact Remnant Constraints on the Core-Collapse Engine." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 16, S363 (June 2020): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921322000527.
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AbstractThe convection-enhanced neutrino-driven supernova engine’s success in explaining a myriad of supernova properties has set it as the standard engine behind supernova. However, due to the success of rotationally-powered engines in explaining astrophysical transients like gamma-ray bursts, these engines have been revived as possible drivers of normal supernovae, competing with this standard engine. In this paper, these competing engines, and the constraints placed by compact remnant observations on these engines, are reviewed. We find that, with these constraints, such rotationally-powered engines can explain less than 1% of the current supernova remnants. In addition, we find that the remnant mass distribution can be used to constrain properties of the convection-enhanced neutrino-driven engine, helping astronomers understand the nature of convection in this engine.
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Seward, Frederick D. "Neutron Stars in Twelve Supernova Remnants." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 125 (1987): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900160541.
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X-ray observations of selected SNR are summarized. Five contain internal spinning neutron stars–four isolated and one in a binary system. Another seven contain central unresolved sources or bright nebulae. Observations of these nebulae, probably due to synchrotron emission, are used to estimate characteristics of the unseen pulsars.
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Broadhurst, Linda, David Bush, and Jim Begley. "Managing Genetic Diversity and Representation in Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) Seed Production Areas Used for Conservation and Restoration." Diversity 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020039.
Full textAbstract:
Landscape degradation is a major threat to global biodiversity that is being further exacerbated by climate change. Halting or reversing biodiversity decline using seed-based restoration requires tons of seed, most of which is sourced from wild populations. However, in regions where restoration is most urgent, wild seed sources are often fragmented, declining and producing seed with low genetic diversity. Seed production areas (SPAs) can help to reduce the burden of collecting native seed from remnant vegetation, improve genetic diversity in managed seed crops and contribute to species conservation. Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) is a key restoration species in south-eastern Australia but is highly fragmented and declining across much of its range. We evaluated genetic diversity, population genetic structure and relatedness in two B. marginata SPAs and the wild populations from which the SPA germplasm was sourced. We found high levels of relatedness within most remnants and that the population genetic structure was best described by three groups of trees. We suggest that SPAs are likely to be important to meet future native seed demand but that best practice protocols are required to assist land managers design and manage these resources including genetic analyses to guide the selection of germplasm.
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GOULTER, Andrew B., Michael A. AVELLA, Jonathan ELLIOTT, and Kathleen M. BOTHAM. "Chylomicron-remnant-like particles inhibit receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in pig coronary arteries." Clinical Science 103, no. 5 (October 3, 2002): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1030451.
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The influence of native and oxidized chylomicron-remnant-like particles (CMR-LPs) on endothelium-dependent relaxation in pig coronary arteries was studied. Artificial lipid particles of a size and lipid composition resembling chylomicron remnants and containing pig apolipoprotein E were used to investigate the effects of chylomicron remnants on the relaxation of isolated segments of pig coronary arteries in response to three endothelium dilators: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), bradykinin and the calcium ionophore A23187. CMR-LPs caused significant inhibition of the maximum relaxation response of the vessels to 5-HT, but not that to bradykinin or A23187 (P<0.05). In contrast, CMR-LPs that had been oxidized by incubation with 10μM CuSO4 (oxidized CMR-LPs) were found to significantly reduce maximal relaxation to bradykinin by 13% (P<0.05) and to reduce the sensitivity of the tissue to A23187 by 1.7-fold (P<0.05). In experiments in which either the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway or the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) pathway was selectively inhibited, leaving the other intact, the inhibitory effect of oxidized CMR-LPs was observed only in vessels in which the L-arginine/NO-mediated pathway was operative. Furthermore, the oxidized particles had no inhibitory effect on the relaxation of the vessel segments to the non-endothelium-dependent agonists S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine, 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine or pinacidil. These results demonstrate that CMR-LPs inhibit vascular relaxation in pig coronary arteries by an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving the L-arginine/NO pathway, but not the EDHF pathway, and provide evidence in support of a role for chylomicron remnants in the endothelial dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolaemia and atherogenesis.
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Long, Knox S. "Supernova Remnants in Nearby Spiral Galaxies." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 145 (1996): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100008204.
Full textAbstract:
Large samples of supernova remnants are needed in order to study the global distribution of supernovae in galaxies, for determining how the environment in which a SN explodes affects the appearance of a SNR, for studying abundances and abundance gradients in galaxies, for estimating SN rates, and in order to determine the energetics of SNRs and their expansion. Here we describe techniques which are currently being used to expand SNR samples in nearby spirals.
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Ramírez-Albores, Jorge E., and Marlín Pérez-Suárez. "Tropical forest remnants as shelters of avian diversity within a tourism development matrix in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i2.33410.
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Tropical forests have undergone extensive transformation because of increasing tourism development, in addition to historic clearing for agricultural and cattle grazing activities. Altogether, these activities have had an important effect on bird diversity, reducing the habitat available to many species. In this study, the role of tropical forest remnants located between different land use types was evaluated for species diversity, composition, and distribution of the bird community at Akumal region in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Point counts were used to quantify the avifauna by habitat, and Shannon´s and Simpson´s diversity index were used to determine bird diversity. Additionally, bird species were classified according to seasonality and trophic guild by type of habitat. A total of 160 species and 50 families was recorded, of which 100 species were permanent residents, 47 winter visitors and 11 transients. Mature tropical forest and tropical forest remnants had higher species richness than those of modified environments. This study supports the importance of tropical forest remnants as shelters for bird species in landscapes with tourism developments, and the relevance of these remnants to maintaining high bird diversity. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 799-813. Epub 2018 June 01.
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Ranasinghe, S., D. A. Leahy, and Wenwu Tian. "New Distances to Four Supernova Remnants." Open Physics Journal 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874843001804010001.
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Object: Distances are found for four supernova remnants without previous distance measurements. H I spectra and H I channel maps are used to determine the maximum velocity of H I absorption for the four Supernova Remnants (SNRs). Method: We examined 13CO emission spectra and channel maps to look for possible molecular gas associated with each SNR, but did not find any. Result: The resulting distances for the SNRs are 3.5 ± 0.2 kpc (G24.7+0.6), 4.7 ± 0.3 kpc (G29.6+0.1), 4.1 ± 0.5 kpc (G41.5+0.4) and 4.5 ± 0 .4 - 9.0 ± 0.4 kpc (G57.2+0.8).
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Alanbari, Mohamed, Abdul Albagdadi, and Laden Mohamed. "Estimating the Volume of Solid Waste in AL- Musayyib District up to 2026 and the Required Environmental Management Policies." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2010/v1.i4.6239.
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Solid Wastes term used to refer to non-liquid waste produced by different types of domestic activity and craft, commercial and industrial, mining and other human activities. But a non-means is relative, because sludge from the sludge treatment effluents also fall within the solid waste, and therefore more precise definition of solid waste material that is solid or semi-solid disposed of residues generated when sources are not of merit retain their value. Even if they can be valuable in another location or other circumstances.(Brenda.Platt,2007)The solid waste can be classified into the following items: 1 - Household waste: which includes all types of waste resulting from.the.housing.units. 2 -Municipal waste: The remnants of the streets and shops and government buildings and remnants of demolished buildings. 3 - Medical waste: the remnants of hospitals and medical clinics to.private.and.public. 4 - Industrial waste: a cross from products industry and are usually metal or wooden scraps of paper or ---- etc. 5 - Agricultural residues: They are remnants of agricultural crops.
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Puri, Sapna, and Adam D. Linstedt. "Capacity of the Golgi Apparatus for Biogenesis from the Endoplasmic Reticulum." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 12 (December 2003): 5011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-06-0437.
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It is unclear whether the mammalian Golgi apparatus can form de novo from the ER or whether it requires a preassembled Golgi matrix. As a test, we assayed Golgi reassembly after forced redistribution of Golgi matrix proteins into the ER. Two conditions were used. In one, ER redistribution was achieved using a combination of brefeldin A (BFA) to cause Golgi collapse and H89 to block ER export. Unlike brefeldin A alone, which leaves matrix proteins in relatively large remnant structures outside the ER, the addition of H89 to BFA-treated cells caused ER accumulation of all Golgi markers tested. In the other, clofibrate treatment induced ER redistribution of matrix and nonmatrix proteins. Significantly, Golgi reassembly after either treatment was robust, implying that the Golgi has the capacity to form de novo from the ER. Furthermore, matrix proteins reemerged from the ER with faster ER exit rates. This, together with the sensitivity of BFA remnants to ER export blockade, suggests that presence of matrix proteins in BFA remnants is due to cycling via the ER and preferential ER export rather than their stable assembly in a matrix outside the ER. In summary, the Golgi apparatus appears capable of efficient self-assembly.
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Magni, Eva, Wadim Leontiev, Sebastian Soliman, Christian Dettwiler, Christian Klein, Gabriel Krastl, Roland Weiger, and Thomas Connert. "Accuracy of the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique (FIT) for Detecting Residual Composite Remnants after Trauma Splint Removal—A Laboratory Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 10054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910054.
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Distinguishing composite remnants from tooth structure after trauma splint removal can be challenging. This study aimed to compare the Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) with conventional light illumination (CONV) in terms of accuracy and time required for the detection of composite remnants after trauma splint removal. Ten bovine tooth models containing anterior teeth from 12 to 22 with composite remnants after trauma splint removal were used. These models were examined by 10 students and 10 general dentists. Each examiner assessed the 10 models using CONV or FIT three times with an interval of 2 weeks each using a prototype fluorescence-inducing headlamp with a spectral bandwidth of (405 ± 7) nm for FIT and a dental unit lamp for CONV. The examiners charted the location of identified composite remnants, and the procedure time needed for each method was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with R 3.2.2 software with a significance level of α = 5%. FIT was more accurate and less time-consuming than CONV (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between dentists and students concerning accuracy (CONV: p = 0.26; FIT: p = 0.73). Students performed FIT significantly faster than the dentists (p < 0.001). FIT is a quick and reliable method of identifying composite remnants after trauma splint removal.