Journal articles on the topic 'Religious Attendance'

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1

Kim, Jibum, Tom W. Smith, and Jeong-han Kang. "Religious Affiliation, Religious Service Attendance, and Mortality." Journal of Religion and Health 54, no. 6 (June 18, 2014): 2052–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9902-7.

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2

Kim, Young-Il, and W. Bradford Wilcox. "Religious Identity, Religious Attendance, and Parental Control." Review of Religious Research 56, no. 4 (March 29, 2014): 555–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13644-014-0167-0.

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3

PRESSER, STANLEY, and MARK CHAVES. "Is Religious Service Attendance Declining?" Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 46, no. 3 (September 2007): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2007.00367.x.

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4

Kim, Young-Il, and Sung Joon Jang. "Religious Service Attendance and Volunteering." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 46, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 395–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016655619.

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Despite methodological advances in studying the relationship between religious attendance and volunteering, its dynamic nature still needs to be elucidated. We apply growth curve modeling to examine whether trajectories of religious attendance and volunteering are related to each other over a 15-year period in a nationally representative sample from the Americans’ Changing Lives data (1986-2002). Multivariate results showed that the rates of change in religious attendance and volunteering were positively related, and excluding religious volunteering did not alter the finding. It was also found that the initial level of religious attendance was positively associated with the rate of increase in volunteer hours over the period. Mediation analyses revealed that participation in voluntary associations explained the dynamic relationships between religious attendance and volunteering. These results provide evidence that involvement in organized religion and volunteering are dual activities that change together over the adult life course.
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5

Cadge, Wendy, and Elaine Howard Ecklund. "Religious Service Attendance Among Immigrants." American Behavioral Scientist 49, no. 11 (July 2006): 1574–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764206288455.

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6

Hill, Terrence D., Sunshine M. Rote, Christopher G. Ellison, and Amy M. Burdette. "Religious Attendance and Biological Functioning." Journal of Aging and Health 26, no. 5 (April 14, 2014): 766–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314529333.

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7

Levin, Jeffrey S., and Kyriakos S. Markides. "Religious Attendance and Subjective Health." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 25, no. 1 (March 1986): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1386061.

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8

Kvande, Marianne Nilsen, Christian Andreas Klöckner, and Michael E. Nielsen. "Church Attendance and Religious Experience." SAGE Open 5, no. 4 (October 30, 2015): 215824401561287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244015612876.

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9

Weeden, Jason, Adam B. Cohen, and Douglas T. Kenrick. "Religious attendance as reproductive support." Evolution and Human Behavior 29, no. 5 (September 2008): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.004.

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10

KOENIG, HAROLD G., and DAVID B. LARSON. "Use of Hospital Services, Religious Attendance, and Religious Affiliation." Southern Medical Journal 91, no. 10 (October 1998): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199810000-00006.

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11

King, Dana E., and William S. Pearson. "Religious Attendance and Continuity of Care." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 33, no. 4 (December 2003): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/f5dy-5gab-k298-emek.

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12

VanderWeele, Tyler J. "Causal effects of religious service attendance?" Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 52, no. 11 (September 27, 2017): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1434-5.

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13

de Oliveira, Lívio Luiz Soares, and Renan Xavier Cortes. "Faith and religious attendance in Brazil." Rationality and Society 28, no. 3 (June 16, 2016): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463116653718.

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14

Krieger, Nancy. "Religious Service Attendance and Suicide Rates." JAMA Psychiatry 74, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2744.

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15

Schleifer, Cyrus, and Mark Chaves. "Family Formation and Religious Service Attendance." Sociological Methods & Research 46, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124114526376.

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The positive relationship between family formation and regular weekly religious service attendance is well established, but cross-sectional data make it difficult to be confident that this relationship is causal. Moreover, if the relationship is causal, cross-sectional data make it difficult to disentangle the effects of three distinct family-formation events: marrying, having a child, and having a child who reaches school age. We use three waves of the new General Social Survey panel data to disentangle these separate potential effects. Using random-, fixed-, and hybrid-effect models, we show that, although in cross-section marriage and children predict attendance across individuals, neither leads to increased attendance when looking at individuals who change over time. Having a child who becomes school aged is the only family-formation event that remains associated with increased attendance among individuals who change over time. This suggests that the relationships between marriage and attending and between having a first child (or, for that matter, having several children) and attending are spurious, causal in the other direction, or indirect (since marrying and having a first child make it more likely that one will eventually have a school-age child). Adding a school-age child in the household is the only family-formation event that directly leads to increased attendance.
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16

Guo, Chao, Natalie J. Webb, Rikki Abzug, and Laura R. A. Peck. "Religious Affiliation, Religious Attendance, and Participation in Social Change Organizations." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 42, no. 1 (February 2013): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764012473385.

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17

Orr, Joanna, Katy Tobin, Daniel Carey, Rose Anne Kenny, and Christine McGarrigle. "Religious Attendance, Religious Importance, and the Pathways to Depressive Symptoms in Men and Women Aged 50 and Over Living in Ireland." Research on Aging 41, no. 9 (July 22, 2019): 891–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027519860270.

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Objectives: We aimed to explore the relationship between religiosity and depressive symptoms longitudinally. Method: We used four waves (2009–2016) of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to create growth curve models (GCM) of depressive symptoms and religious attendance/importance in a sample aged 50+ in Ireland and structural models to assess the longitudinal associations between religious attendance/importance and depressive symptoms. We tested whether this relationship was mediated by social connectedness. Results: GCM showed that higher religious attendance at baseline was associated with lower baseline depressive symptoms, while higher religious importance was associated with higher baseline depressive symptoms. Social connectedness partially mediated the baseline associations between religious attendance and lower depressive symptoms. There were no associations between religious factors and the development of depressive symptoms over time. Discussion: This study found that the relationship between religion and depressive symptoms is complex, and any protective effect was driven by religious attendance.
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18

Hall, D. E. "Religious Attendance: More Cost-Effective Than Lipitor?" Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.19.2.103.

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19

Mann, J. R., and W. Larimore. "Impact of Religious Attendance on Life Expectancy." Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.19.4.429.

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20

Denberg, T. "Religious Attendance: More Cost-Effective Than Lipitor?" Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.19.4.430.

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21

Brown, Qiana L., Sabriya L. Linton, Paul T. Harrell, Brent Edward Mancha, Pierre K. Alexandre, Kuan-Fu Chen, and William W. Eaton. "The Influence of Religious Attendance on Smoking." Substance Use & Misuse 49, no. 11 (May 14, 2014): 1392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2014.912224.

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22

Ballenger, J. C. "Religious Attendance: More Cost-Effective Than Lipitor?" Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health 2007 (January 2007): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70560-7.

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23

Burdette, Amy M., Janet Weeks, Terrence D. Hill, and Isaac W. Eberstein. "Maternal religious attendance and low birth weight." Social Science & Medicine 74, no. 12 (June 2012): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.021.

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24

VanderWeele, Tyler J., Shanshan Li, and Ichiro Kawachi. "Religious Service Attendance and Suicide Rates—Reply." JAMA Psychiatry 74, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2780.

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25

Rote, Sunshine, Terrence D. Hill, and Christopher G. Ellison. "Religious Attendance and Loneliness in Later Life." Gerontologist 53, no. 1 (May 3, 2012): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns063.

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26

Hill, T., P. Vaghela, C. G. Ellison, and S. Rote. "PROCESSES LINKING RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE AND TELOMERE LENGTH." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2407.

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27

Voas, David, Ingrid Storm, and David Voas. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Religious Service Attendance." Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 25, no. 02 (February 10, 2017): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1890-7008-2012-02-02.

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28

Koenig, Harold G., Harvey Jay Cohen, Linda K. George, Judith C. Hays, David B. Larson, and Dan G. Blazer. "Attendance at Religious Services, Interleukin-6, and other Biological Parameters of Immune Function in Older Adults." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 27, no. 3 (September 1997): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/40nf-q9y2-0gg7-4wh6.

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Objective: First, to examine and explain the relationship between religious service attendance and plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and second, to examine the relationship between religious attendance and other immune-system regulators and inflammatory substances. Methods: During the third in-person interview (1992) of the Establishment of Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) project, Duke site, 1718 subjects age sixty-five or over had blood drawn for analysis of immune regulators and inflammatory factors, including IL-6 measurements. IL-6 was examined both as a continuous variable and at a cutoff of 5 pg/ml. Information on attendance at religious services was available from the 1992 interview and two prior interviews (1986 and 1989). Results: Religious attendance was inversely related to high IL-6 levels (> 5 pg/ml), but not to IL-6 measured as a continuous variable. Bivariate analyses revealed that high religious attendance in 1989 predicted a lower proportion of subjects with high IL-6 in 1992 (beta −.10, p = .01). High religious attendance in 1992 also predicted a lower proportion of subjects with high IL-6 levels in 1992 (beta −.14, p = .0005). When age, sex, race, education, chronic illnesses, and physical functioning were controlled, 1989 religious attendance weakened as a predictor of high IL-6 (beta −.07, p = .10), but 1992 religious attendance retained its effect (beta = −.10, p = .02). When religious attenders were compared to non- attenders, they were only about one-half as likely to have IL-6 levels greater than 5 ng/ml (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40–0.84, p < .005). Religious attendance was also related to lower levels of the immune-inflammatory markers alpha-2 globulin, fibrin d-dimers, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and lymphocytes. While controlling for covariates weakened most of these relationships, adjusting analyses for depression and negative life events had little effect. Conclusions: There is a weak relationship between religious attendance and high IL-6 levels that could not be explained by other covariates, depression, or negative life events. This finding provides some support for the hypothesis that older adults who frequently attend religious services have healthier immune systems, although mechanism of effect remains unknown.
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29

Groen, Sanne, and Paul Vermeer. "Understanding Religious Disaffiliation: Parental Values and Religious Transmission over Two Generations of Dutch Parents." Journal of Empirical Theology 26, no. 1 (2013): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341253.

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Abstract Religious disaffiliation, a major phenomenon in the Netherlands, is predominantly a generational matter. Each successive birth cohort is less involved in institutional religion than the previous one. Parents do not seem to pass on a lasting religious commitment to their offspring, which might indicate an overall shift in parental values from conformity to autonomy. In this article we use panel data to test the assumption and to compare parenting goals and their effects on the offspring’s church attendance over two generations of parents. Our research question is: To what extent is the intergenerational transmission of religious commitment affected by a change in parental values from an emphasis on conformity to an emphasis on autonomy? Results show that while there is indeed a shift in parental values from conformity to autonomy, this barely affects the offspring’s church attendance — which is determined, rather, by the parents’ church attendance, irrespective of the goals they pursue.
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30

King, Dana E., Arch G. Mainous, Terrence E. Steyer, and William Pearson. "The Relationship between Attendance at Religious Services and Cardiovascular Inflammatory Markers." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 31, no. 4 (December 2001): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/f4mp-klye-ved4-3ldd.

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Objective: Previous studies have shown an association between attendance at religious services and health, particularly cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Little research has focused on religious attendance and physiological markers of cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between religious attendance and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular risk. Method: Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized United States adults aged 40 and over derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III 1988–1994 ( n = 10,059). The main outcome measures were the inflammatory system markers C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count. Results: 40.8 percent of the population attended religious services 40 or more times in the previous year while 22.4 percent attended services less than 40 times and 36.8 percent attended no religious services at all. Non-attenders of religious services were more likely than attenders to have elevated white blood cell counts ( p = .001), highly elevated C-reactive protein ( p = .02), and elevated fibronogen ( p = .05). After adjusting for demographic variables, health status, and BMI, the association between religious attendance and cardiovascular markers remained. Once current smoking was added to the model the independent effect of religious attendance dropped below conventional confidence limits. Conclusions: These findings suggest that people who have attended religious services in the previous year are less likely to have elevated levels of certain inflammatory markers, however, current smoking has significant shared variance with religious attendance.
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31

Wood, Michael Lee. "Visualizing Change in Ordinal Measures: Religious Attendance in the United States (1972–2018)." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802311990006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119900064.

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The figure plots self-reports of religious attendance using data from the General Social Survey (1972–2018), contributing to current debates about how religiosity is changing in the United States by clearly showing the relative increase or decrease of each level of religious attendance over time. The main new insight is that the observed decline in religious attendance in the United States has been driven primarily by a large increase in people reporting never attending religious services and a corresponding decrease in people reporting weekly attendance, rather than uniform changes across different levels. Some categories, such as attendance once a month, have seen virtually no change. More generally, the figure may be used as a template for plotting other ordinal measures over time, such as political attitudes or ideology.
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32

Hill, Terrence D., Dawn C. Carr, Amy M. Burdette, and Benjamin Dowd-Arrow. "Life-Course Religious Attendance and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life." Research on Aging 42, no. 7-8 (April 8, 2020): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027520917059.

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Although several studies suggest that religious attendance is associated with better cognitive functioning in later life, researchers have generally failed to connect with any established life-course perspectives or theories of cognitive aging. Building on previous work, we examine the effects of life-course religious attendance on a range of cognitive functioning outcomes. We employ data from the religious life histories module of the 2016 Health and Retirement Study, a subsample of 516 adults aged 65 and older. Our key findings demonstrate that older adults who attended religious services for more of their life course tend to exhibit poorer working memory and mental status and better self-rated memory than older adults who attended less often. We contribute to previous research by reconceptualizing religious attendance as a cumulative life-course exposure, exploring the effects of religious attendance net of secular social engagement, and examining a wider range of cognitive functioning outcomes.
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33

Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Alessandra L. G. Lucchetti, Mario F. P. Peres, Alexander Moreira-Almeida, and Harold G. Koenig. "Religiousness, Health, and Depression in Older Adults from a Brazilian Military Setting." ISRN Psychiatry 2012 (August 9, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/940747.

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This study aims to analyze the association between religious attendance, self-reported religiousness, depression, and several health factors in 170 older adults from a Brazilian outpatient setting. A comprehensive assessment was conducted including sociodemographic characteristics, religious attendance, self-reported religiousness, functional status, depression, pain, hospitalization, and mental status. After adjusting for sociodemographics, (a) higher self-reported religiousness was associated with lower prevalence of smoking, less depressive symptoms, and less hospitalization and (b) higher religious attendance was only associated with less depressive symptoms. Religiousness seems to play a role in depression, smoking, and hospitalization in older adults from a Brazilian outpatient setting. Self-reported religiousness was associated with more health characteristics than religious attendance.
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34

Jiang, Liang. "Does Religious Attendance Increase Immigrant Political Participation?: A Case Study in Australia." Politics and Religion 10, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 440–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000049.

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AbstractThe relationship between religion and immigrant political participation has not been rigorously investigated in the literature set in Australia. In this study, I test whether religious attendance influences electoral and non-electoral participation among immigrants. Drawing on data from the 2013 Australian Election Study, I demonstrate that the impact of religious attendance on political participation may be overstated. I find that religious attendance is not significantly related to electoral and non-electoral participation among immigrants in Australia. This result may relate to three factors: the ability of religious attendance to affect immigrants’ key political resources; competition between religious and secular organizations; and the political salience of particular religious denominations within the Australian context. This study does not provide the much sought-after empirical confirmation to associational theories of political participation, but instead sounds a note of caution about the universal applicability of such theories.
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35

McPhail, Brian. "Religious Heterogamy and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion: A Cross-National Analysis." Religions 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10020109.

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This study examines the effect of religious heterogamy on the transmission of religion from one generation to the next. Using data from 37 countries in the 2008 Religion III Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), I conduct a cross-national analysis of the relationship between parents’ religious heterogamy and their adult childrens’ religious lives. By estimating fixed effects regression models, I adjust for national-level confounders to examine patterns of association between having interreligious parents during childhood and level of adult religiosity as measured by self-rated religiousness, belief in God, and frequencies of religious attendance and prayer. The results indicate that having religiously heterogamous parents or parents with dissimilar religious attendance patterns are both associated with lower overall religiosity in respondents. Parents’ religious attendance, however, mediates the relationship when each parent has a different religion. Having one unaffiliated parent is associated with lower religiosity regardless of parents’ levels of religious attendance. The negative impact of parents’ religious heterogamy on religious inheritance is independent of national-level factors and has implications for anticipating changes in the religious landscapes of societies characterized by religious diversity and growing numbers of interreligious marriages.
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36

Idler, Ellen. "Equal Protection? Differential Effects of Religious Attendance on Black-White Older Adult Mortality." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1271.

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Abstract Social determinants of later life population health are “the circumstances in which we are born, grow up, live, work, and age” usually identified as power and status determinants: income, wealth, and education. Although rarely considered a social determinant of health, religious social ties are a familiar “circumstance” for many older persons, and there is considerable evidence linking religious attendance to all-cause mortality. There are race differences in both religiosity and mortality patterns: Black Americans show higher levels of both religious attendance and mortality compared with white Americans. This raises the question of equal protection of religious attendance: Is the protective effect of religious attendance on mortality weaker, stronger, or the same for whites and African Americans? The analysis employs 10-year longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, 2004-2014 (N=18,346). In stratified models, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and health, African Americans have a hazard ratio (HR) for frequent attendance at services that is more protective than for whites: .48 (95%CI: .35, .67) compared with .61 (95%CI: .53, .70). Health behaviors mediate 19% of the effect for blacks and 26% for whites; other social ties mediate 12.5% of the effect for blacks and 7% for whites. An interaction test shows a more protective effect of frequent attendance for blacks compared with whites (p&lt;.000). Religious attendance may be more beneficial for African Americans who are multiply disadvantaged with respect to other social determinants of health. The mediation patterns also suggest that the mechanisms of effect for blacks and whites may differ.
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37

Hill, Terrence D., Christopher Ellison, and Lauren Hale. "RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE AND SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN OLDER MEXICAN AMERICANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1939.

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Abstract Although numerous studies have shown that religious involvement is associated with better health across the life course, researchers have virtually ignored possible links between religious involvement and sleep-related outcomes. Building on previous work, we tested whether religious attendance was inversely associated with sleep disturbance among older Mexican Americans. We also assessed whether depressive symptoms could mediate or explain any of the inverse association between religious attendance and sleep disturbance. Relevant hypotheses were tested using ordinary least squares regression and conditional process mediation analysis of cross-sectional data collected from the original cohort of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE). The baseline H-EPESE (1993-1994) included a probability sample of 3,050 Mexican Americans ages 65 and older. Due to missing data on our focal variables, our final analytic sample included 2,323 respondents. Regression models show that religious attendance is inversely associated with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance, even with adjustments for smoking, drinking, body mass, chronic disease, mobility, marital status, living arrangements, family engagement, secular group participation, social support, age, gender, immigrant status, language proficiency, education, household income, and religious affiliation. Mediation analyses also indicate that depressive symptoms fully mediate the association between religious attendance and sleep disturbance. These findings contribute to previous work by showing that regular religious attendance may protect against sleep disturbance by promoting mental health in an understudied population of older Mexican Americans. The importance of religious involvement is supported by the fact that secular group participation was unrelated to sleep disturbance.
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38

Farmer, Antoinette Y., and Kristen M. Brown. "Parental Religious Service Attendance and Adolescent Substance Use." Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought 32, no. 1 (January 2013): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2013.749135.

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39

Gautier, Mary L. "Church Attendance and Religious Belief in Postcommunist Societies." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 36, no. 2 (June 1997): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1387559.

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40

Smith, Ian, and John W. Sawkins. "The economics of regional variation in religious attendance." Applied Economics 35, no. 14 (September 20, 2003): 1577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0003684032000129363.

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41

Das, Aniruddha, and Stephanie Nairn. "Religious Attendance and Physiological Problems in Late Life." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 71, no. 2 (August 5, 2014): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu089.

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42

Bradley, Christopher S., Terrence D. Hill, Amy M. Burdette, Krysia N. Mossakowski, and Robert J. Johnson. "Religious Attendance and Social Support: Integration or Selection?" Review of Religious Research 62, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13644-019-00392-z.

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43

Ploch, Donald R., and Donald W. Hastings. "Effects of Parental Church Attendance, Current Family Status, and Religious Salience on Church Attendance." Review of Religious Research 39, no. 4 (June 1998): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3512441.

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44

Bolzendahl, Catherine, Landon Schnabel, and Rottem Sagi. "Religion and Democratic Citizenship: A Multilevel Examination." Politics and Religion 12, no. 4 (March 19, 2019): 577–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048319000087.

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AbstractWe conduct a multilevel examination of the relationship between religiosity and democratic citizenship norms and behaviors using International Social Survey Program data. We analyze how democratic engagement varies according to individual and national average religious involvement in 28 predominantly-Christian democracies. We find that (1) individual-level religious attendance is positively linked to both what people say (norms) and what they do (participation); (2) nations with higher aggregate national attendance participate less politically; and (3) the relationship between individual-level religious engagement and citizenship varies by national religious context. More specifically, individual religious attendance matters more where it is more distinctive (i.e., in more secular countries). Individual-level religious participation is generally conducive to citizenship, but its impact is context-dependent.
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45

Permani, Risti. "The presence of religious organisations, religious attendance and earnings: Evidence from Indonesia." Journal of Socio-Economics 40, no. 3 (May 2011): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2011.01.006.

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46

Button, Tanya M. M., Michael C. Stallings, Soo Hyun Rhee, Robin P. Corley, and John K. Hewitt. "The Etiology of Stability and Change in Religious Values and Religious Attendance." Behavior Genetics 41, no. 2 (August 15, 2010): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-010-9388-3.

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47

Hermann, Anthony, and Robert Fuller. "Trait Narcissism and Contemporary Religious Trends." Archive for the Psychology of Religion 39, no. 2 (July 2017): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15736121-12341339.

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In a large sample of adult Americans, we examined trait narcissism among those who identify as nonreligious, traditionally religious, or “spiritual but not religious” (SBNR). Our study reveals that: 1) those who identify as traditionally religious and those who identify as SBNR exhibit fairly similar levels of narcissism; 2) contrary to conventional wisdom, nonreligious Americans are lower in narcissism than religious/spiritual Americans (with nonreligious individuals particularly lower in the NPI subscales of self-absorption/self-admiration); and 3) higher levels of church attendance are not associated with lower NPI scores, though higher levels of church attendance are associated with higher NPI scores in SBNR individuals.
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48

Trinkaus, John. "Drop-in Chapel Attendance: An Informal Look." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3 (December 1994): 1193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3.1193.

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It is reported that about 40% of the people in the United States attend scheduled weekly religious services. An informal inquiry of attendance at other than scheduled services implies that religious devotion may well be lower than that percentage suggests.
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49

Kraal, A. Zarina, Neika Sharifian, Afsara B. Zaheed, Ketlyne Sol, and Laura B. Zahodne. "Dimensions of Religious Involvement Represent Positive Pathways in Cognitive Aging." Research on Aging 41, no. 9 (July 14, 2019): 868–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027519862745.

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Older Black and Hispanic adults report more religious involvement, and religious involvement has been linked to better cognition. This study examined which aspects of religious involvement are associated with better longitudinal episodic memory and whether religious involvement offsets racial and ethnic inequalities in episodic memory. Using Health and Retirement Study data ( N = 16,069), latent growth curves estimated independent indirect pathways between race and ethnicity and 6-year memory trajectories through religious attendance, private prayer, and religious belief, controlling for nonreligious social participation, depressive symptoms, chronic health diseases, age, education, and wealth. Negative direct effects of Black race and Hispanic ethnicity on memory were partially offset by positive indirect pathways through more private prayer and religious attendance. While results were significant for memory intercept and not subsequent memory change, religious attendance and private prayer were independently associated with better cognitive health among diverse older adults. Findings may inform culturally relevant intervention development to promote successful aging and reduce older adults’ cognitive morbidity.
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50

Hill, Terrence D., Amy M. Burdette, Mark Regnerus, and Ronald J. Angel. "Religious Involvement and Attitudes Toward Parenting Among Low-Income Urban Women." Journal of Family Issues 29, no. 7 (January 4, 2008): 882–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07311949.

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The authors employ data from the Welfare, Children, and Families project, a probability sample of 2,402 low-income women with children living in low-income neighborhoods in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio, to test whether religious attendance is associated with parental satisfaction, perceived parental demands, and parental distress over 2 years. They also consider three potential mediators of the association between religious attendance and attitudes toward parenting: social support, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Results show that women who frequently attend religious services report greater parental satisfaction, perceive fewer parental demands, and report less parental distress than do women who attend less frequently. The authors also find that the mediators under study help to partially explain the relationship between religious attendance and attitudes toward parenting.
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