Academic literature on the topic 'Religion in literature'

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Journal articles on the topic "Religion in literature"

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Bhatt, Rushiraj. "Religion and literature in India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2013/4.

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Arroyo, Ciriaco Moron. "Literature, Religion, Theology." South Central Review 9, no. 1 (1992): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189386.

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Rives, J. B. "LITERATURE AND RELIGION." Classical Review 50, no. 1 (April 2000): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/50.1.106.

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Garrusi, Behshid, and Nouzar Nakhaee. "Religion and Smoking: A Review of Recent Literature." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 43, no. 3 (April 2012): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.43.3.g.

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Tobacco smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are a major threat to human health worldwide. The effort to prevent tobacco use should be regarded as an important public health strategy. Given the significance of religion and spirituality in the daily life of more than 90% of the world's population, the relationship of religion and smoking should be seen as a critical research area. Religions are many and varied, but most value human well-being highly and so do not approve of tobacco use, even though they do not prohibit it entirely. In recent years, researchers have shown more interest in the subject of religion and health, including drug and tobacco use. Differences of focus and methodology notwithstanding, most studies have ascertained a deterrent role for religion as regards tobacco use, and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the negative relationship between religion or spirituality and smoking. Many of the studies, however, suffer from shortcomings that need to be acknowledged and addressed, such as using nonstandard data-gathering tools, lack of a unified definition of religion or spirituality, and paucity of research in non-Christian and developing countries. Finally, the cross-sectional nature of many of the studies makes the meaningful interpretation of findings difficult.
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S, Stalin. "Emerging Religious Trends through the Ages." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (May 11, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s15.

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All religious movement have become a social movement in the country. These movements play a major role in monarchy to democracy. Religion had major impacts on the community. These permeate into the literature and shows its reflection in the community. Religions get progressed and travels parallel through the literature and its transformation. Similarly, the purpose of the religious literature has been changed through times. Doctrines, rites of worship, existence of tradition are seen common in all religions. But some religious literatures have sung to inimical of other religions. It is necessary to look comparatively from Sangam literature period that how the religious literature have undergone change and how purpose and course of cult are written in the texts. Religions such as Jainism, Buddhism, vaishnavism, saivam, Christianity and Islam are also explored. Finally, it is possible to find out that in each period religious beliefs and hatreds have travelled into the literature along with the worships and divinity.it is also possible to learn about generality, philosophy and charitable works done by individuals through the religion. It is established that the gods were sung from ancient to modern genres and earlier religious conflict did not have major impact on contemporary literature.
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Silva, Luiz Cláudio Barroca da. "DOSSIÊ RELIGIÃO E LITERATURA "Dossier Religion and Literature"." PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP 5, no. 10 (December 30, 2014): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.25247/paralellus.2014.v5n10.p157-160.

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A revista Paralellus tem o prazer em disponibilizar aos seus leitores o seu mais novo número – “Religião e Literatura”. Além das seções já conhecidas pelo público leitor, Dossiê e Temática Livre, compartilhamos nesse número a seção Comunicação.V. 5, n. 10, jul./dez. 2014.
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Jandrianto Patandianan. "Paradigma Agama Resmi di Indonesia Terhadap Eksistensi Keberadaan Penganut Agama Leluhur." Journal of Creative Student Research 2, no. 3 (June 7, 2024): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jcsr-politama.v2i3.3850.

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The purpose of this article is to show the existence of ancestral religions from the perspective of official religions in Indonesia. There are six religions that are officially recognized in Indonesia, apart from the official religion, there are also religions or beliefs that are not officially recognized (tribal religions or ancestral religions). This reality then presents many pros and cons, especially for those who adhere to the official religion. Therefore, this article will explain the paradigm of official religions in Indonesia, regarding ancestral religions in Indonesia. In collecting data using qualitative methods, literature study was carried out from various literature and records related to ancestral religions and also their relationship to official religions in Indonesia. So from all of this we get an idea of ​​the existence of official religions and ancestral religions in Indonesia. Keywords: religion, ancestors, Indonesia
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Tracy Fessenden. "Religion, Literature, and Method." Early American Literature 45, no. 1 (2010): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eal.0.0094.

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Batson, E. Beatrice. "Review: Literature and Religion." Christianity & Literature 35, no. 1 (December 1985): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833318503500107.

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Escudero Baztán, Juan Manuel. "Saint Teresa: Between Literature and Religion." Scripta Theologica 47, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/006.47.2.397-417.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Religion in literature"

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Garay, Gotzone. "The literature review of Penan religion." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436022.

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Brown, Timothy A. "Secret religion : surrealism in the new era of religion." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Short, Richard Graham. "Religion in Cicero." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10590.

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This study describes the religious content of the Ciceronian corpus and reappraises Cicero’s religious stance. Chapter 1 develops a working definition of religion in terms of interested supernatural agents, briefly situating it within the historiography of religion. Support for this definition from scholars in a range of academic disciplines is demonstrated. It is then engaged in Chapter 2 as a tool with which to locate and classify religious material in the Ciceronian corpus, approaching the texts genre by genre and indicating certain difficulties encountered when seeking to divide the religious from the non-religious. Religion in Cicero now defined, Chapter 3 considers the limitations in scope and methodology of previous research on the topic, arguing that these limitations call for a new approach but also suggest how it should proceed. The corpus must be considered as a whole, with twin objectives: to describe and account for conflicting religious viewpoints within and between individual works, and to establish whether a coherent authorial religious position exists. Cicero generally presents religion as beneficial to society, but never expressly sets out to elucidate the reasoning behind this recurrent proposition or collects in one place those beliefs and practices that are repeatedly advocated. Chapter 4 combines disparate Ciceronian material to show how social utility is thought to accrue and how it is predicated upon a surprisingly large and specific body of religious doctrine. This doctrine amounts to a dominant religious ideology; its operation in practice and its substantial resemblance to Roman orthodoxy are illustrated in Chapter 5, a case study on Cicero’s use of religious rhetoric in connection with the Catilinarian conspiracy. Chapter 6 details the similarities and many conflicts between the dominant religious ideology and the religious viewpoints of the Stoics, Epicureans and Philonian Academics as each school is portrayed by Cicero. Finally, Chapter 7 argues that a coherent authorial attitude to religion is present, which maps closely onto the dominant religious ideology and is characterized by a consistent and spirited endorsement of traditional Roman religion in full awareness of competing rational arguments from Greek philosophy. Some possible explanations for this attitude conclude the study.
The Classics
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Lagapa, Jason S. "Inarticulate prayers: Irony and religion in late twentieth-century poetry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280295.

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Inarticulate Prayers: Irony and Religion in Late Twentieth-Century Poetry examines irony and its implications for religious belief within texts ranging from the New York School Poets to the Language Poets and, in Caribbean literature, within the poems of Derek Walcott and Kamau Brathwaite. Taking Jacques Derrida's distinction between deconstruction and negative theology as a point of departure, I argue that contemporary poets employ ironic language to articulate an ambivalent, and skeptical, system of belief. In "How to Avoid Speaking: Denials," Derrida contrasts his theory of differance--as a fundamentally negative and critical mode of inquiry--with negative theology, which ultimately affirms God's being after a process of negation. My study asserts that contemporary poets, in accord with principles of negative theology, engage in inarticulate, self-canceling and negative utterances that nevertheless affirm the possibility of belief and enlightenment. By postulating the affinity between contemporary poets and the apophatic tradition, I explain how the work of these poets, despite often being dismissed as arid exercises in poststructuralist thought, productively draws on linguistic theories and also advances beyond the "negativity" of such theories. Moreover, as it intervenes in recent debates over the absence of a spiritual dimension to contemporary poetry, my dissertation opens new perspectives through which to theorize postmodern literature. Demonstrating that experiments in language and form are driven by an ironic stance towards belief, authorship and literary tradition, Inarticulate Prayers ultimately redefines contemporary lyric and narrative poetry and asserts negation, inarticulateness, and contradiction as determining characteristics of postmodern writing.
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Weimer, David E. "Protestant Institutionalism: Religion, Literature, and Society After the State Church." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493395.

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Even as the Church of England lost ground to political dissent and New England gradually disestablished its state churches early in the nineteenth century, writers on both sides of the debates about church establishments maintained their belief in religion’s role as a moral guide for individuals and the state. “Protestant Institutionalism” argues that writers—from Herman Melville and Harriet Beecher Stowe to George Eliot and Elizabeth Gaskell—imagined through literature the institutions that would produce a religiously sound society as established churches began to lose their authority. Drawing on novels and poems as well as sermons and tracts about how religion might exist apart from the state, I argue that these authors both understood society in terms of institutions and also used their literature to imagine the institutions—such as family, denomination, and nation—that would provide society with a stable foundation. This institutional thinking about society escapes any literary history that accepts Protestant individualism as a given. In fact, although the US and England maintained different relationships between church and state, British authors often looked to US authors for help imagining the society that new forms of religion might produce precisely in terms of these institutions. In the context of disestablishment we can see how the literature of the nineteenth century—and nineteenth-century novels in particular—was about more than the fate of the individual in society. In fact, to different degrees for each author, individual development actually relies on the proper understanding of the individual’s relationship to institutions and the role those institutions play in supporting society
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Martinelli, Deena A. "Fundamentalist Christian literature and the perception of womanhood /." View abstract, 1999. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1533.html.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1999.
Thesis advisor: Dr Norton Mezvinsky. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [79-82]).
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Platt, Verity J. "Epiphany and representation in Graeco-Roman culture : art, literature, religion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422525.

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Ellis, Matthew Ryan. "William Wordsworth: Religion and Spirituality." Thesis, Boston College, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/358.

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Thesis advisor: John L. Mahoney
An exploration of the spirituality present in seleceted poems of William Wordsworth. Occasionally reference his personal relationship to and influence of the Anglican Church, but is a study of the way he developed his own spirituality, not an argument for or against his classification as a "Christian poet."
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2005
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: English
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Twakkal, Abd Alfatah. "Ka'b al-Ahbar and the Isra'iliyyat in the Tafsir literature." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18763.

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This thesis seeks to analyse several traditions found in the tafsir works of Ibn Kathir and al-Tabari that relate to Ka'b al-Ahbar and the isra'iliyyat. The purpose of the study is to examine how Ka'b al-Ahbar, an early Jewish convert to Islam, was viewed by his contemporaries, most significantly the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad, while considering the complex relationship that exists between Ka'b, the isra'iliyyat and those Companions most famous for narrating them. By examining the relationship between Ka'b and the Companions, including those who were not known to narrate isra'iliyyat, this study will also serve to establish a guideline of what can possibly be attributed to the former regarding his character, sincerity and trustworthiness from his contemporaries, thereby providing a sounder basis for accepting or rejecting critical traits or descriptors that were subsequently ascribed to him by later scholars, especially during the 20th century. Finally, this thesis aims to demonstrate the various factors that need to be taken into account when analyzing those traditions involving Ka'b and/or his sayings as found in the tafsir texts, factors that should equally be considered when approaching such traditions as found in other genres of Islamic literature.
Cette thèse a pour objet d'analyser un certain nombre de traditions reliées à Ka'b al-Ahbar et aux isra'iliyyat que l'on retrouve dans les ouvrages de tafsir d'Ibn Kathir et d'al-Tabari. Le but de cette étude est d'examiner comment Ka'b al-Ahbar, un des premiers juifs convertis à l'islam, était perçu par ses contemporains notamment les Compagnons du Prophète Muhammad, tout en considérant la relation complexe existant entre Ka'b, les isra'iliyyat et les Compagnons les mieux connus pour avoir relaté ces traditions. En examinant la relation entre Ka'b et les Compagnons, incluant ceux qui n'étaient pas connus pour avoir relaté des isra'iliyyat, cette étude servira aussi d'indication de ce que l'on peut dire de Ka'b relatif à son caractère, sa sincérité et son honnêteté par l'intermédiaire de ces contemporains. Ce travail fournira aux chercheurs une base plus solide permettant d'accepter ou de rejeter des descriptions ou des traits critiques lui ayant été attribués par des savants plus récents, surtout durant le 20e siècle. Enfin, cette thèse cherche à démontrer les divers facteurs qui doivent être pris en compte dans l'analyse des traditions ayant trait à Ka'b et/ou ses dires qui se trouvent dans les textes de tafsir, facteurs devant également être considérés lorsque l'on aborde de telles traditions dans d'autres genres littéraires islamiques.
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Thompson, Mary-Anne Carey. "Future tense : an analysis of science fiction as secular apocalyptic literature." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15880.

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Bibliography: leaves 208-219.
Religious apocalyptic literature appears to have been written in response to a situation of crisis in which the believers found themselves. It is the catalyst which provided the energy which the society needed in order to withstand that crisis, and it did this by radically inverting the dimensions which make up a worldview, that is the dimensions of time and space, and the classification of groups, so that it reflects the possibility of a new order, a new heaven and a new earth. Since the nineteenth century, the Western world has seen itself in a constant state of crisis in terms of the rapid secularisation, industrialisation and urbanisation, and it would seem that the notion of an apocalypse is still relevant. But religious visions of the apocalypse do not seem to have relevance to the largely secular society they would have been addressing. Something new, immediate and drastic was needed, which would supply the society with the energy to withstand the crisis of a secular world. Science fiction as a literary genre arose in the late nineteenth century, and it would seem as if the new social situation generated a new symbolic vocabulary for ancient apocalyptic themes, in other words, science fiction appeared as an imaginative literary genre of mythic, apocalyptic dimensions to address this situation. In the same way as religious visions of the apocalypse, science fiction inverts the components of a worldview so that a new social order, a new heaven and a new earth are seen as possible. In order to explore this theme, science fiction is examined in the light of radical inversion of accepted worldviews, and the genre is divided into three historical periods in order to understand the conditions under which it was written, as well as the content of the material involved. These periods are: 1. Apocalypses of Expectation and Hope. The late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century; the beginnings of the genre in the crisis of rapid industrialisation, secularisation and urbanisation, using the works of Jules Verne and H G Wells. 2. Apocalypses of Irony and Despair. The nineteen twenties to the end of the Second World War; the crises of the two World Wars on a complacent world, using the works of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell. 3. Apocalypses of Destruction and Redemption. The nineteen fifties to the present; the crisis of nuclear power and thinking machines, using the works of Frank Herbert and Isaac Asimov. Also examined are the quasi-religious nature of science fiction, apocalypse as a cleansing agent of the universe, and the myths of noble survivors of post-apocalyptic literature and films. In the light of the above, it can be understood why science fiction can be seen as the functional equivalent to religious apocalyptic myth, but relevant to the largely secular Western world of the twentieth century.
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Books on the topic "Religion in literature"

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1945-, Comstock Gary David, Stemmeler Michael L. 1955-, Cabezón José Ignacio 1956-, and American Academy of Religion. Gay Men's Issues in Religion Group., eds. Religion, homosexuality, and literature. Las Colinas, Tex: Monument Press, 1992.

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Anidjar, Gil. Semites: Race, religion, literature. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2008.

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1945-, Norman Buford, and French Literature Conference (25th : 1997 : Columbia, S.C.), eds. Religion and French literature. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1998.

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1802-1865, Wiseman Nicholas Patrick, ed. Essays on religion and literature. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, 1986.

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Babbitt, Irving. On literature, cultures, and religion. Edited by Panichas George Andrew. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2005.

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Robert, Detweiler, and Jasper David, eds. Religion and literature: A reader. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 2000.

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Langley, Myrtle. Religion. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.

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Langley, Myrtle. Religion. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2005.

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Macdonald, Fiona. Religion. Broomall, Pa: Mason Crest, 2003.

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Jasper, David. The Study of Literature and Religion. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230380004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Religion in literature"

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Prickett, Stephen. "Literature and Religion." In The Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion, 69–90. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405168748.ch4.

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Wedd, Mary. "Literature and Religion." In A Companion to Romanticism, 67–77. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405165396.ch6.

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Plunkett, John, Ana Parejo Vadillo, Regenia Gagnier, Angelique Richardson, Rick Rylance, and Paul Young. "Religion and Belief." In Victorian Literature, 98–122. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-35701-3_5.

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Hamilton, Donna B. "Religion." In A Concise Companion to English Renaissance Literature, 32–53. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470696149.ch2.

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Lewis, Pericles. "Religion." In A Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture, 19–28. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996331.ch3.

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Harrison, Thomas. "Greek Religion and Literature." In A Companion to Greek Religion, 371–84. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996911.ch25.

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von Glasenapp, Gabriele. "Religion and Children's Literature." In The Routledge Companion to Children's Literature and Culture, 267–78. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003214953-26.

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Wade, Erik. "Religion and Trans Literature." In The Routledge Handbook of Trans Literature, 51–61. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003365938-6.

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Sagi, Avi. "DCM in Rabbinic Literature." In Morality and Religion, 25–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82242-2_3.

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Cheney, Matt Bryant. "Religion." In The Routledge Companion to Literature of the U.S. South, 103–6. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003009924-27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Religion in literature"

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Wibawa, Setya Chendra, Yuni Sri Rahayu, Tri Wrahatnolo, Vindy, Harco Leslie Hendric Spits Warnars, and Kiyota Hashimoto. "Literature Review of Religion Video Game." In 2019 International Congress on Applied Information Technology (AIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ait49014.2019.9144964.

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Gani, A., Kamran Asat Irsyady, and Ferry Muhammadsyah Siregar. "Religion, Education, and Pluralism." In 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.001.

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"Influence of Religion and Vedic Literature in Indian English Literature." In Nov. 20-22, 2017 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). URST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/urst.iah1117017.

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Bence-Kiss, Krisztina, and Orsolya Szigeti. "Exploratory Analysis of the Promotional Activities of Krishna-Conscious Communities in Europe." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.181.

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Marketing religions have been studied frequently in the past decades, however, there are still areas less covered by the literature. Kr­ishna-conscious communities are considered as one of the most successful new religious movements is terms of marketing in the past decades. This re­search studies the promotion tools applied by the Krishna-conscious com­munities in Europe with the involvement of seven rural communities in six countries, where quantitative research was carried out to discover the initial means of encountering the religion and the exposure to the different promo­tion tools applied in the further phases of communication. The research re­sults have shown that traditional tools of promoting Krishna Consciousness still have huge importance when people meet the religion for the first time, but in keeping longer term contact, media may be applied efficiently as well, but there is still space for improvement in the promotion tool portfolio
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Bte Rahmat, Hadijah. "Love, Faith, Religion and Colonialization: Cultural Insight in Soul of Archipelago Literature." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Language, Literature, and Education (ICLLE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclle-18.2018.2.

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Olshefski, Christopher. "Reckoning With Religion in Award-Winning Young Adult Literature From 2012 to 2021." In 2023 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2010576.

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Yu, Yishan. "Through the Lens of Gender Conflict Theory: Female Element in Tibetan Literature and Religion." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.500.

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Edi, R. N., Heru Juabdin Sada, W. Anggraini, and Elfrida Nur Safitri. "Study of literature determination of the new moon (Hilal) based on astronomy and religion." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE TEGAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES 2022: Applied Science Research Post-Covid-19 Pandemic. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0200952.

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Heiser, Michael S. "A Biblical Scholar’s Perspective on People Outside the Garden." In Annual Meetings of the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature. Peaceful Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54739/3gp6.

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Cootsona, Greg. "Four Questions for the Genealogical Adam and Eve." In Annual Meetings of the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature. Peaceful Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54739/twxr.

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Reports on the topic "Religion in literature"

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Ruprah, Inder J., and Camilo Pecha. Religion as an Unemployment Insurance and the Basis of Support for Public Safety Nets: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011699.

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This paper explores the role of religion in mitigating the degree to whichunemployment reduces subjective well-being and it examines its support of social programs. The paper goes beyond existing literature in three ways: It extends existing literature to Latin America and Caribbean countries; it explicitly includes analysis of two confounders (social capital and personal traits) ignored in existing literature; and it moves beyond correlation by using the propensity score method to tease out a causal relation between religion and well-being. We find that religion acts as a buffer: Unemployed religious people are relatively happier than are nonreligious unemployed people. However, in contrast with the existing literature, we find that religious people are relatively more supportive of public social policy.
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Idris, Iffat. Promotion of Freedom of Religion or Belief. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.036.

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Freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a fundamental human right. However, the general global trend in recent years is towards increased FoRB violations by both government and non-government actors. Notable exceptions are Sudan and Uzbekistan, which have shown significant improvement in promoting FoRB, while smaller-scale positive developments have been seen in a number of other countries. The international community is increasingly focusing on FoRB. External actors can help promote FoRB through monitoring and reporting, applying external pressure on governments (and to a lesser extent non-government entities), and through constructive engagement with both government and non-government actors. The literature gives recommendations for how each of these approaches can be effectively applied. This review is largely based on grey (and some academic) literature as well as recent media reports. The evidence base was limited by the fact that so few countries have shown FoRB improvements, but there was wider literature on the role that external actors can play. The available literature was often gender blind (typically only referring to women and girls in relation to FoRB violations) and made negligible reference to persons with disabilities.
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Avis, William. Role of Faith and Belief in Environmental Engagement and Action in MENA Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.086.

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This helpdesk report provides a critical review of the literature on the role of faith and religious values in environmental engagement and action. Contemporary studies have examined the relationship between religion and climate change including the ongoing “greening” process of religions. The review focuses on the responses of the Islamic faith in the MENA region to climate-related issues. MENA is considered one of the region’s most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The rapid review drawing from empirical findings notes that religious organizations have great potential in the protection of the environment. Religious organizations possess resources and infrastructure to positively impact the conversation on climate change. While the review acknowledges the important role that religion plays in environmental engagement, there is still no unified perception of climate change among members of the Islamic faith. There are those who believe that there are other more urgent issues such as radicalism, terrorism, democracy, and human rights. The review notes that the shared challenge of climate change can provide a mechanism to bring together faiths to discuss, share teachings, and agree on common action.
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Birchall, Jenny. Intersectionality and Responses to Covid-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.003.

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There is a small but growing body of literature that discusses the benefits, challenges and opportunities of intersectional responses to the socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a strong body of evidence pointing to the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 borne by women, who have suffered record job losses, been expected to take on even greater unpaid care burdens and home schooling responsibilities, and faced a “shadow pandemic” of violence against women and girls. However, gender inequalities cannot be discussed in isolation from other inequalities. Emerging literature stresses the importance of a Covid-19 recovery plan that addresses how gender intersects with class, race, disability, age, sexual orientation, geography, immigration status and religion or belief, and other factors such as employment, housing (and homelessness) and environmental and political stressors.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.

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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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6

Behrman, Jere R., Miguel Székely, and Suzanne Duryea. Schooling Investments and Aggregate Conditions: A Household Survey-Based Approach for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010768.

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Schooling is a major factor in economic development. There is extensive empirical literature on what determines schooling attainment. But most of this literature uses micro data to explore connections between schooling attainment and family background and experiences, local markets, local schools and other community characteristics. These studies generally have not linked schooling attainment closely to changes in aggregate economic conditions. This paper uses a new high quality data set for 18 Latin American and Caribbean countries to assess the effects of macro conditions on schooling attainment. Household survey data are used to construct a quasi panel with information on attainment for birth cohorts born between 1930 and 1970, which is merged with country-specific aggregate data. We use the data to document schooling progress in Latin America and estimate multivariate relations for schooling attainment by birth cohorts as related to sets of variables for macroeconomic stability, factor endowments, demographic developments, institutions and culture and religion. These estimates are used to decompose the change in schooling progress by decade, and to explore the causes of the slowdown in schooling accumulation in the region since the 1980s debt crisis.
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Oosterhoff, Pauline, and Raudah M. Yunus. The Effects of Social Assistance Interventions on Gender, Familial and Household Relations Among Refugees and Displaced Populations: A Review of the Literature on Interventions in Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.011.

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This literature review aims to explore the evidence on the effects of social assistance on gender, familial, and household relations and power dynamics among refugees and (internally) displaced populations in Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon. It examines the findings from an intersectional gender perspective allowing the authors to build on the knowledge of ‘what works’ in interventions in general and hopefully improve gender equality and social inclusion. Out of 1,564 papers initially identified and screened, 22 were included in the final stage. A question that emerged as the papers were analysed was whether the arduous work of targeting individuals was efficient or necessary, given that the available evidence suggests that beneficiaries generally tend to share their stipend with other family members for the collective good. Most studies tended to conflate gender with women and girls – making distinctions between widowed, married, unmarried and divorced women – but ignoring other dimensions such as class, health status, religion, ethnicity, education, prior work experience, political affiliation, and civil participation. Many programmes and research fail to disaggregate data. Social assistance programmes focus on individuals and households, with little attention to the wider context and overall conflict. Most studies paid negligible attention to familial infrastructures and strategies for sustainable interventions. Access to, and use of, cash transfers are part of broader familial strategies to mobilise or increase resources including, for example, (male) migration in pursuit of remittances, or (female) dependency on ‘community charity’. Short-term cash transfers can, in some circumstances, disrupt individuals’ and families’ access to more sustainable income or ‘charity’. Thus, important questions are raised about the purpose of social assistance: does it aim to preserve or transform families through targeting?
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Iffat, Idris. Use of Online Space in Pakistan Targeting Women, Religious Minorities, Activists and Voices of Dissent. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.071.

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There is ample evidence that online hate speech in Pakistan is directed against women, religious minorities, journalists, voices of dissent and activists. The targeting of many of these groups is an expansion online of the traditional hostility and abuse they face offline. However, the internet has made such abuse easier and online hate speech is growing as internet use rises in the country. Those responsible vary somewhat: women and religious minorities are typically targeted by religio-political parties and their followers, while journalists and activists are often targeted by government/the military. In all cases, online hate speech can have a serious offline impact, including physical violence, and restrictions on people’s freedom/ability to work/post online. This review, looking at online hate speech in Pakistan in relation to particular groups, draws largely on reports by think-tanks/NGOs as well as media articles and blogs. Relatively little academic literature was found on the subject, but grey literature was quite extensive, especially on certain religious minorities (Ahmadis) and women.
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Carter, Becky. Analysing Intersecting Social Inequalities in Crisis Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.003.

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Analysis of intersecting social inequalities is key to effective, inclusive interventions in crisis settings. Gender equality and social inclusion analytical frameworks provide key research questions and participatory methodologies which seek to understand: Who is excluded? How are they excluded? Why are they excluded? What can be done to address this and support greater inclusion? There is a focus on underlying power dynamics, drivers of marginalisation, and entry points for external support. This rapid review presents a summary of relevant analytical frameworks and good practice for analysing intersecting social inequalities in crisis settings. The focus is on how to undertake contextual analysis of the vulnerabilities and needs of people in crises that are shaped by overlapping and compounding social inequalities, arising from discrimination based on gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression and sex characteristics, ethnicity and religion (among other identifiers). The review draws on and presents prior research that identified relevant analytical frameworks, learning and key resources on how to undertake this type of analysis, through a rapid literature search and input by key experts. It summarises a range of frameworks relevant for analysing intersecting social inequalities in crisis settings, developed for various development, humanitarian and peacebuilding objectives. It was harder to find published learning from undertaking this analysis that focuses specifically on crisis settings, but it was possible to draw findings from some individual case studies as well as relevant summaries of learning presented in the analytical frameworks and other guidance materials.
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Dabrowski, Anna, and Pru Mitchell. Effects of remote learning on mental health and socialisation. Literature Review. Australian Council for Educational Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-682-6.

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This literature review focuses on the effects of remote learning on mental health, including acute mental health issues and possible ongoing implications for student wellbeing and socialisation. It provides an overview of some of the challenges that can impact on the mental health and relationships of young people, many of which have accelerated or become more complex during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the light of concern about rising antisocial behaviour and extremism there is a focus on socialisation and self-regulation on return to school post-pandemic. In the face of limited Australian research on these topics, the review takes a global focus and includes experiences from other countries as evidenced in the emerging research literature. Based on these findings the review offers advice to school leaders regarding the self-regulatory behaviours of students on return to school after periods of remote learning, and addresses social and emotional considerations as students transition back to school. It also considers ways in which schools can promote wellbeing and respond to mental health concerns as a way to address and prevent antisocial behaviours, recognise manifestations in extremism (including religious fundamentalism), and challenge a general rise in extremist views.
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