Journal articles: 'Relief agencies'

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Odigwe, Chibuzo. "Agencies scale up African relief." BMJ 331, no. 7514 (August 18, 2005): 422.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7514.422-a.

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Cullinan, Tim. "The problems of medical relief agencies." Lancet 357, no. 9257 (March 2001): 713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04142-8.

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Zarocostas, John. "Aid agencies escalate Gaza relief effort." Lancet 397, no. 10290 (June 2021): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01283-6.

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Loewenberg, Sam. "Multiple crises overwhelm emergency food relief agencies." Lancet 384, no. 9942 (August 2014): 482–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61323-4.

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Zaracostas, John. "Aid agencies provide medical relief in Kenya." BMJ 336, no. 7635 (January 10, 2008): 63.1–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39455.593148.db.

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Voelker, Rebecca. "Relief Agencies Face Crisis of a Lifetime." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 8 (August 24, 1994): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03520080013004.

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Voelker, R. "Relief agencies face crisis of a lifetime." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 8 (August 24, 1994): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.272.8.575.

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Dorr, Donal. "Catholic Relief, Development Agencies and Deus Caritas Est." Journal of Catholic Social Thought 9, no. 2 (2012): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcathsoc20129221.

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Adams, Patrick. "Relief agencies prepare for long haul in Haiti." Lancet 375, no. 9714 (February 2010): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60212-7.

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Moszynski, P. "Climate change could overwhelm relief agencies, experts warn." BMJ 338, mar23 2 (March 23, 2009): b1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1229.

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Hojati, Seyede Hadis, Mohammad Mahdi Paydar, and Hamid Mashreghi. "Organizational Reengineering for Relief Agencies based on BPR Methodology." Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (December 5, 2015): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1672.

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Nowadays, organizations conduct change projects based on reengineering processes because business processes reengineering (BPR) methodologies implement process-oriented approach. By this view governmental organizational also utilizes such methodology. One of the main practical issues of such implementation is about using BPR methodology in relief organization. On the other hand, Iran has been faced with an increase of accidents in various forms. Thus having more efficiency in relief agencies to deal with these accidents and maintain readiness in the face of threats is essential. Relief agencies should be covered by the Unexpected Disasters Center in order to carry out their missions and duties perfectly. Therefore, familiarity with the tasks of each group is inevitable. Given the foregoing, the main objective of this study is to investigate how we can develop a reengineering project based on BPR approaches in Iran relief agencies. By this we propose a new model for reengineering which has the main capabilities of general models in BPR methodology. In addition, we show the prerequisites of implementing new model in Iran Unexpected Disasters Center.

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Vance, Jonathan F. "Canadian Relief Agencies and Prisoners of War, 1939-45." Journal of Canadian Studies 31, no. 2 (May 1996): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.31.2.133.

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Piotrowski, Chris, and Terry Armstrong. "Satisfaction with Relief Agencies during Hurricanes Erin and Opal." Psychological Reports 82, no. 2 (April 1998): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.413.

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From a larger study, ratings of satisfaction with disaster relief agencies in the aftermath of Hurricanes Erin and Opal showed high satisfaction from services provided by the American Red Cross/Salvation Army and somewhat lower ratings for the Federal Emergency Management Agency from 167 residents and business owners in the Florida Panhandle.

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Clarke, B. A., J. L. Crompton, and R. Luff. "A physico-chemical water treatment system for relief agencies." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 157, no. 4 (December 2004): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.2004.157.4.211.

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Roberts, Hannah. "US law agencies target “high prescribers” of pain relief." Lancet 388, no. 10039 (July 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30938-2.

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BREWIS, GEORGINA. "‘Fill Full the Mouth of Famine’: Voluntary Action in Famine Relief in India 1896–1901." Modern Asian Studies 44, no. 4 (February 4, 2010): 887–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0999031x.

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AbstractThis paper considers non-governmental famine relief in India during 1896–1898 and 1899–1901. It details the efforts of a broad spectrum of middle-class Indians, Christian missionaries, British non-officials and off-duty civil servants who were drawn into voluntary service on semi-official committees which were responsible for distributing record sums raised through international appeals. It also explores the extension of relief work by independent agencies in the 1890s. The paper considers evolving British attitudes to indigenous relief methods and the sometimes fraught relations between government and voluntary agencies. It suggests that voluntary famine relief activities during the 1890s mark a transition from traditional religious philanthropy to organised social service. Voluntary relief at this time differed from earlier responses to famine hunger because it was marked by fundraising, co-operation with other agencies and the personal service of volunteers. In conclusion, it is shown that participation in relief in the 1890s inspired a new generation of educated Indians to channel their nationalism into practical social service after 1900.

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Farer, Tom. "Two Cheers for Humanitarianism." Ethics & International Affairs 26, no. 3 (2012): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679412000330.

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Over the last two decades a spate of books, led by the ones cited in this essay, have illuminated and debated the bristly questions confronting contemporary “humanitarianism.” The definitional or, one might say, foundational question is whether the adjective “humanitarian” should be limited to only those independent agencies that are engaged (without reference to a political context) in the impartial delivery of emergency relief to all those in existential need—or, in the unique case of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), engaged in monitoring the application of the Geneva Conventions to armed conflict. An answer in the affirmative could be considered the “classic” position of the humanitarian, and one still championed by the ICRC. Today, however, many NGOs, such as CARE, OXFAM, and Catholic Relief Services, which certainly regard themselves as humanitarian agencies, engage in a broad range of rehabilitative and developmental activities and continue to deliver emergency relief, and they are prepared to do so under circumstances where their work has conspicuous political implications. The same is true of such UN agencies as UNICEF, UNHCR, and the World Food Programme, which are not infrequently involved in complex peace operations that have clear political goals as specified by the Security Council. Further, well-known humanitarian activists and writers, notably Bernard Kouchner and Samantha Power, also reject the ICRC's definitional canon. The unsettled boundaries of what properly constitutes humanitarianism brings a number of difficult questions to the surface, including: •Should relief be provided even if it could prolong a conflict, or could indirectly assist a belligerent, or possibly identify the relief giver with a government's political ends? And should the nature of those ends influence relief efforts?•Should relief agencies also assist in addressing the causes of humanitarian emergencies by joining in efforts to resolve a conflict, foster economic development, rebuild state institutions, and strengthen the protection of human rights?•Should such agencies accept funds from governments where governments specify how the funds are to be used?•Where necessary, should they advocate armed intervention to protect their personnel as well as the recipients of their aid?•In terms of the way they organize and structure themselves, should nonprofit agencies dedicated to humanitarian relief follow private-sector models?•Can organizations dedicated to the effective provision of emergency relief pursue that end without creating a culture of dependence, without discouraging local initiative, and without violating the liberal “right” to participate in life-shaping decisions?•Finally, how does humanitarianism relate to human rights, the other leading expression of what I would call “the humanitarian impulse”?

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Watts, Jonathan. "North Korea's stance unravels years of work by relief agencies." Lancet 361, no. 9359 (March 2003): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12675-x.

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Angeletti, MSW, PhD, Michelle A. "Breastfeeding support in emergencies: Policy implications for humanitarian relief agencies." Journal of Emergency Management 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2009.0085.

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While breastfeeding provides numerous benefits to infants and young children, these benefits are especially evident during and after emergencies. This article describes the benefits of breastfeeding in emergencies and provides guidelines that can be implemented by humanitarian relief agencies to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding.

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Lewis, Browne. "Disaster Relief: Restricting and Regulating Public Health Interventions." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, S2 (2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12265.

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The information contained in this teaching module and the accompanying PowerPoint slides is appropriate for use in a survey public health law course or seminar. The purpose of this lesson is two-fold. The first objective is to provide law students with an overview of the authority public health agencies have to set and enforce policies necessary to keep the population healthy. The second objective is to inform law students about the legal constraints courts have placed upon the actions of those agencies. The module ends with a project designed to give law students the opportunity to apply the law to a “real world” situation.

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Burkle, Frederick M. "Complex, Humanitarian Emergencies: II. Medical Liaison and Training." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041650.

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AbstractIn complex, humanitarian emergencies, professional liaison roles are just one of many that evolve from the coordination of United Nations agencies, the International Committee of the Red Cross, international and national non-governmental relief organizations, and coalition military forces. Liaison is crucial to the humanitarian relief process. Decision makers benefit from liaisons' professional experience, their knowledge of the characteristics, missions, and capabilities of each major participant in the relief process, and in their ability to coordinate and clarify professional issues in meeting the goals of a mission. Medical liaison roles develop from the awareness that complex emergencies primarily are catastrophic public-health emergencies. Unfortunately, education and training of the medical liaison currently are ill-defined. However, limited experience suggests that skills should be broadly based in principles of disaster epidemiology, assessment and management, knowledge of contributing relief resources, agencies and the military, and international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions.

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Zarocostas, J. "Expulsion of 13 relief agencies from Darfur could devastate health care." BMJ 338, mar10 1 (March 10, 2009): b985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b985.

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Ozen, Merve, and Ananth Krishnamurthy. "Evaluating relief center designs for disaster relief distribution." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-03-2017-0012.

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Purpose Relief item distribution to victims is a key activity during disaster response. Currently many humanitarian organizations follow simple guidelines based on experience to assess need and distribute relief supplies. However, the interviews with practitioners suggest a problem in efficiency in relief distribution efforts. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model and solution methodology that can estimate relief center (RC) performance, measured by waiting time for victims and throughput, for any RC design and analyze the impact of key design decisions on these performance measures. Design/methodology/approach Interviews with practitioners and current practice guidelines are used to understand relief distribution and a queuing network model is used to represent the relief distribution. Finally, the model is applied to data from the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Findings The findings identify that dissipating congestion created by crowds, varying item assignment decisions to points of distribution, limiting the physical RC capacity to control congestion and using triage queue to balance distribution times, are effective strategies that can improve RC performance. Research limitations/implications This research bases the RC designs on Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines and assumes a certain area and volunteer availability. Originality/value This paper contributes to humanitarian logistics by discussing useful insights that can impact how relief agencies set up and operate RCs. It also contributes to the queuing literature by deriving analytic solutions for the steady state probabilities of finite capacity, state dependent queues with blocking.

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Fox, Jodette M., and Stuart C. Carr. "Internet technology and poverty relief." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 12 (2000): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025754340000050x.

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AbstractUnlike their television counterparts, website fund-raising advertisements designed by international aid agencies do not have to be compressed into short grabs and bites. This means that website technology might be used to convey relatively abstract, situational attributions for poverty, which are known to increase charitable donations. Seventy undergraduates from Australia's Northern Territory University viewed a simulated aid agency website containing varying degrees of textual and visual information about these situational causes of poverty; completed the situational attributions-focused Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire (CTWPQ); and reported their intentions to donate money to the simulated aid organisation's poverty relief projects. Consistent with attribution theory, both situational attributions made about poverty and charitable donation intentions were optimised when the website contained an optimal amount of (textual and visual) information on the situational causes of poverty. These preliminary findings suggest how Internet technology can be applied to raise dollar donations, as well as increasing tolerance within diverse regions like the South Pacific.

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El Saghir, Nagi S., Enrique Soto Pérez de Celis, Johny E. Fares, and Richard Sullivan. "Cancer Care for Refugees and Displaced Populations: Middle East Conflicts and Global Natural Disasters." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 38 (May 2018): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_201365.

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Conflicts and natural disasters can cause major disruptions to people’s lives. Media and news agencies usually focus on immediate consequences of these events, including loss of life and injuries, environmental and property destruction, and relief efforts. In this article, we will examine the effects of conflicts (focusing on in the Middle East) and global natural disasters on patients already diagnosed with cancer and on those who are diagnosed with cancer during and in the immediate aftermath of these events. We will review the limited literature, provide situational analysis, and discuss medical relief efforts, governmental readiness, and the role of United Nations agencies and international nongovernmental organizations. We will also discuss treatment of patients with cancer in the context of prolonged displacements and limited resources.

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Sayigh, Yezid. "Agencies of Coercion: Armies and Internal Security Forces." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 3 (July 26, 2011): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000572.

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The readiness of army commanders in Egypt and Tunisia to counter the internal security agencies deployed by their own governments against civilian protestors in early 2011 proved decisive in bringing down presidents-for-life Husni Mubarak and Zayn al-ʿAbidin bin ʿAli. This brings into sharp relief questions about how to approach and assess the various coercive agencies of the state. Should we regard them as different branches of a single coercive apparatus, through which the state seeks to exercise a monopoly on the legitimate means of violence? Or should we see them as manifestations of more fragmented political institutions and social forces and consequently as performing distinct, and potentially divergent, functions in constantly evolving relation to each other?

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Lohnes, Joshua, and Bradley Wilson. "Bailing out the food banks? Hunger relief, food waste, and crisis in Central Appalachia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 2 (November 23, 2017): 350–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17742154.

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In 2015, West Virginia’s flagship food bank confronted a financial crisis that threatened to cut off the supply of emergency food to some 600 agencies serving 300,000 people a month. Focusing on this crisis, we explore the evolution of charitable food networks across the United States with a particular focus on the role of food banking within agro-industrial supply chains. Drawing on a three year institutional ethnography of West Virginia’s food banking economy, we analyze the transition from producer to buyer driven supply chains in a network that is dependent on charitable giving and affective labor to process surplus foods and revalue obsolete corporate inventories. We argue that food banks and their affiliate agencies have become key institutions within a vast food destruction network increasingly serving the needs of large food firms. While food banks and their affiliate agencies provide tax relief for food corporations and offer a highly efficient vent for state subsidized and corporate food waste, they are primarily funded by community-based organizations who are themselves stretched thin by economic crises within their own locales. The entrenchment and evolution of the food waste qua hunger relief circuit is producing new tensions in a network that is conflicted over whom they are ultimately working for, and sheds light on the paradox of hunger relief in the 21st-century.

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Gossler, Timo, Ioanna Falagara Sigala, Tina Wakolbinger, and Renate Buber. "Applying the Delphi method to determine best practices for outsourcing logistics in disaster relief." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 9, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 438–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-06-2018-0044.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine best practices of aid agencies for outsourcing logistics to commercial logistics service providers (LSPs) in disaster relief. Moreover, it evaluates the application of the Delphi method for research in humanitarian logistics. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a two-round Delphi study with 31 experts from aid agencies and a complementary full-day focus group with 12 experts from aid agencies and LSPs. Findings The study revealed 12 best practices for outsourcing logistics in disaster relief and a compilation of more than 100 activities for putting these practices into action. Experts consider a proper balance between efficiency and compliance, a detailed contract and a detailed service request most important. Additionally, the Delphi method was found to be a promising technique for research on humanitarian logistics. Research limitations/implications By critically examining the Delphi method, this study establishes the basis for a wider application of the technique in the field of humanitarian logistics. Furthermore, it can help to prioritize future research as the ranking of practices reflects the priorities of practitioners. Practical implications The paper provides guidance to practitioners at aid agencies in charge of outsourcing logistics. Originality/value This research is one of the first in the field of humanitarian logistics to apply the Delphi method. Moreover, it addresses the lack of literature dealing with approaches for building successful cross-sectoral partnerships.

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Green, D. "(A98) Animal Relief Coalition of Haiti (ARCH): A Collaborative Approach to Animal Relief and Recovery." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001002.

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BackgroundFollowing the devastating earthquake in Haiti last January, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) and the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) developed the Animal Relief Coalition of Haiti (ARCH). 19 animal welfare agencies from around the world joined IFAW and WSPA to provide a $1.04M managed fund to the Minstery of Agriculture, Natural Rescources, and Rural Development (MARNDR).Discussion and ObservationsThe relief and recovery efforts were based around six objectives: 1. Mobile veterinary clinic 2. Public Outreach emphasizing disaster preparedness, disease prevention, and animal welfare 3. Educational outreach to include an animal welfare curriculum for school-aged children 4. Cold-chain: to provide solar-powered refer/freezer units in remote sections of Haiti to keep vaccines cold 5. Dog and cat survey in Port-au-Prince 6. Rebuilding of the National Laboratory The purpose of this presentation will be to discuss how ARCH was developed and Best Practices and Lessons Learned from a collaborative approach to animal relief and recovery.

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Chan, BS, SM PIH, MBBS, DDM, DFM, Emily Ying Yang. "Why are older peoples’ health needs forgotten post-natural disaster relief in developing countries? A healthcare provider survey of 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan earthquake." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2009.0016.

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Although older people may be recognized as a vulnerable group post-natural disasters, their particular needs are rarely met by the providers of emergency services. Studies about older people’s health needs post disasters in the South East Asia Tsunami, Kashmir, Pakistan, China, and United States has revealed the lack of concern for older people’s health needs. Recent study of older people’s health needs post the Kashmir Pakistan earthquake (2005) found older peoples’ health needs were masked within the general population.This survey study examines the providers’ perceptions of older people’s vulnerabilities post-2005 Pakistan earthquake. It aims to understand the awareness of geriatric issues and issues related to current service provision/planning for older people’s health needs post disasters. Specifically, service delivery patterns will be compared among different relief agencies.Cross-sectional, structured stakeholder interviews were conducted within a 2 weeks period in February 2006, 4 months post-earthquake in Pakistan-administrated Kashmir. Health/medical relief agencies of three different types of organizational nature: international nongovernmental organization (INGO), national organization, and local/community group were solicited to participate in the study. Descriptive analysis was conducted.Important issues identified include the need to sensitize relief and health workers about older people’s health needs post disaster, the development of relevant clinical guidelines for chronic disease management postdisaster in developing countries and the advocacy of building in geriatric related components in natural disaster medical relief programs.To effectively address the vulnerability of older people, it is important for governments, relief agencies, and local partners to include and address these issues during their relief operations and policy planning.

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Allen, Lai Yu-Hung. "Organizational Collaborative Capacities in Disaster Management: Evidence from the Taiwan Red Cross Organization." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 4 (2011): 446–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x597279.

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Abstract In the post disaster situation, relief organizations are expected to learn and adjust their capacity to collaborate with other major players such as nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and local workers. In other words, effective responses to disasters require capacity for collaboration on the part of emergency response agencies; however in disaster affected area, not every relief organization is equally capable of doing so. The capacity for organizations to collaborate with others in and after a disaster does not occur spontaneously or in a vacuum. Since organizational collaborative capacity is essential in disaster relief, it is imperative to present empirical evidence regarding organizational collaborative capacity. The purpose of this paper is to develop a working theory of what characteristics an emergency response organization needs in order to develop collaborative capacity. We analyze collaborative capacities by examining two events: the 2004 Asian Tsunami and the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. This piece argues that collaborative capacity, defined by purpose, structure communication and resources, is a requisite for collaboration in a post disaster situation. The implications for practitioners and scholars in post disaster society are discussed.

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Schmidt, Patrick. "Pursuing Regulatory Relief: Strategic Participation and Litigation in U.S. OSHA Rulemaking." Business and Politics 4, no. 1 (April 2002): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1031.

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Administrative agencies in the United States have developed highly formalized and complex processes for public participation in rulemaking, especially in areas of social regulation such as the environment and workplace safety and health. This case study considers the significance of participation in formal rulemaking processes by connecting the quality of participation to the strategic possibilities in litigation between private interests and regulatory agencies. Specifically, the strategic possibilities of the leading interest groups engaged in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's major “Lockout/Tagout” rulemaking illustrate how legal resources are created through the development of evidence and claims in hearings. Written and oral presentations, apparently aimed directly at persuading the agency, indirectly affect agency deliberations by increasing the possibility that courts will constrain agency decisionmaking, thus creating opportunities for negotiated alternatives. The case ultimately serves as a paradigmatic example of how bargaining arises at the micro level of policy systems that are infused with broader legal structures.

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Coles, John B., Jing Zhang, and Jun Zhuang. "Partner selection in disaster relief: Partnership formation in the presence of incompatible agencies." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 27 (March 2018): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.041.

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Sasson, Tehila. "From Empire to Humanity: The Russian Famine and the Imperial Origins of International Humanitarianism." Journal of British Studies 55, no. 3 (June 10, 2016): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2016.57.

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AbstractThis article investigates the imperial origins of international humanitarianism in the British and international relief mission to Russia during the famine of 1921–1922. The famine triggered the first large-scale international humanitarian mission beyond the scope of the European and American empires. Imperial expertise and knowledge became central to the British as well as international humanitarian response to relieve hungry Russia. From international coordination to national campaigns, British politicians and voluntary aid workers relied on imperial tools and thought. The British involvement in the relief mission to Russia thus provides a fresh perspective on the development of internationalist and nationalist humanitarian projects in the interwar period and their relationship to imperial legacies. Through humanitarian aid, Britain assumed a new role on a global stage. By retooling imperial expertise, humanitarian ethics became part of a project of global governance. Furthermore, with the advice of former colonial experts, a “mixed economy” of voluntary and state aid underlay the collaboration between voluntary and international agencies throughout the famine and after. The history of famine relief provides a case study in the emergence of humanitarian governance in the twentieth century.

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Bullock, Charles S., Eric M. Wilk, and Charles M. Lamb. "Bureaucratic Effectiveness and Civil Rights Enforcement." State and Local Government Review 49, no. 2 (June 2017): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x17730107.

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This article compares federal, state, and local civil rights agencies’ effectiveness in enforcing the Fair Housing Act. Two factors primarily define effective enforcement: whether agencies’ conciliation efforts are more likely to lead to agreements between the parties involved in complaints and whether agencies are more likely to provide remedies to complainants in cases in which there is cause to believe discrimination occurred. The analysis shows that state and local agencies are generally more effective than the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) both at conciliating complaints and at providing remedies. HUD does appear to be more effective than state and local agencies in terms of the dollar amount of monetary relief awarded when successful conciliations occur, but HUD’s remedial effectiveness disappears after controlling for the likelihood of successful conciliations.

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Peng, Lin, and Fengshi Wu. "Building Up Alliances and Breaking Down the State Monopoly: The Rise of Non-Governmental Disaster Relief in China." China Quarterly 234 (April 10, 2018): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741017001333.

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AbstractThis paper explores the emergence of a highly networked and capable non-governmental organization (NGO) community in disaster relief in China. It provides a review of the growth of non-governmental actors in the relief field since the 2000s and examines the most important platforms and networks in the field, focusing on their strategies of maintaining a broad-based partnership, developing their own capacity, and enhancing overall inter-organizational connectivity. With an in-depth look at a successful joint non-governmental relief operation in Lushan in 2013, the paper also explicates how NGOs can break the state monopoly over disaster information management, public donations and relief operations. This research finds that during crisis times, non-governmental actors carry out relief missions effectively in parallel with state agencies. The rise of non-governmental disaster relief sheds light on one of many trajectories of civil society development in China where social autonomy is earned by innovation, public support and improved capacity.

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Ahsan, Nabeela, and Sandra Tullio-Pow. "Functional clothing for natural disaster survivors." Disaster Prevention and Management 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2013-0004.

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Purpose – Natural disasters, occurring with increasing frequency are mobilizing humanitarian agencies to provide relief response. Current protocols that rely heavily on donated clothing as clothing aid are neither effective nor efficient. The purpose of this paper is to investigate survivors’ clothing needs during the relief phase of a natural disaster in order that current protocol might be improved. The focus is on clothing use from the perspectives of survivors who will wear it, relief workers and aid agencies that will disperse it. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study included needs analysis focus groups with survivors, interviews with relief aid workers and senior humanitarian agency administrators. All respondents were residents of and/or impacted by the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Questions focused on relief aid protocol, clothing needs and mandatory requirements for a design solution. Findings – Data gathered revealed a myriad of design priorities and participants emphasized that garments be culturally and climatically appropriate and universal in design. Based on these criteria, a prototype (named Survival Plus) was created using the Functional, Expressive and Aesthetic design framework as proposed by Lamb and Kallal (1992). Research limitations/implications – Further research may be undertaken to field test proposed Survival Plus prototype to evaluate the design and subsequent findings be incorporated in its design. Originality/value – Academic knowledge about this aspect of disaster management and response is scarce. This participatory study of clothing needs of survivors is of particular benefit to emergency preparedness initiatives and humanitarian aid providers in their delivery of clothing aid.

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Ab Malik, Mazrul Hisyam, Emi Normalina Omar, and Siti Noorsuriani Maon. "Humanitarian Logistics: A Disaster Relief Operations Framework During Pandemic Covid-19 in Achieving Healthy Communities." ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v6i2.11114.

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High levels of coordination, cooperation, and collaboration between involved aid providers are needed for efficient logistics processes. In the immediate response phase, coordination, cooperation, and collaboration are firstly required when non-governmental organizations (NGOs) assess the beneficiaries’ needs by sending field assessment and coordination teams into the disaster area. The question is, how to respond to the natural disaster in the most efficient manner to minimize the loss and maximize the efficiency of the rescue mission. This research explores the Malaysian scenario of humanitarian logistics as well as the challenges in collaborations between government agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) during disaster relief operations in Malaysia. Thus, this study used past literature to proposed a conceptual framework and identified two factors namely, trust and coordination as the key factors in the successful humanitarian logistics framework. In addition, the role of NGOs during a disaster is also important to reduce the burden on government agencies in managing the humanitarian aid distribution process. Collaboration between government and NGOs is pursued in the mitigation and long-term recovery phases, where decisions are taken with particular caution, and NGOs’ strategies are adjusted to others without time pressure. The most important driver for successful collaboration is trust. Coordination provisions will increase trust between agencies involved in disaster relief operations. Therefore, building trust between parties involved in certain task or disaster relief activities can be enhanced by adding up a contract agreement to ensure both parties will work efficiently and coordinate with the job and minimize the risk that could occur.

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Burke, R. L. "(A328) Food and Water Risk Assessments during Disaster Operations." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003128.

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Although the exact burden of foodborne disease is unknown, diarrheal diseases kill approximately 2.2 million people annually. Even in developed countries foodborne illness is estimated to affect over 20% of the population annually. During natural disasters existing food safety and security measures may be damaged and mission priorities during emergencies may prevent inspection agencies from conducting normal inspections and enforcing government regulations. This breakdown in the food safety infrastructure may lead to increases in foodborne diseases within the local population and relief workers. The risk in this latter group is possibly magnified by their immunologic naïveness to local pathogens and an outbreak among relief workers can severely impact support operations, interfere with the aid delivery, and may result in the loss of life. In addition to natural disease transmission, there is the potential for terrorist organizations to target relief workers through deliberate contamination of the food and water supplies. Consequently, relief agencies should consider both food safety and security during disaster operations. A Food and Water Risk Assessment (FWRA) is a tool for identifying potential high risk food items and practices in local food sources and facilities and examines the overall food operation, the food facilities and equipment, water potability, cleaning and sanitation, pest control, employee health and sanitation, food security, and the source of the food items. The FWRA identifies risk items and provides mitigative control measures designed to reduce the residual risk to acceptable levels and minimize potential disruption of mission operations. Although the ultimate goal is protecting the health of the relief workers, the FWRA can also be used as a tool to improve the food safety practices of local food facilities and suppliers which will in turn help to reduce the incidence of foodborne disease among the local population during the disaster relief operations and beyond.

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Shears, P., and T. Lusty. "Communicable Disease Epidemiology following Migration: Studies from the African Famine." International Migration Review 21, no. 3 (September 1987): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100318.

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Few epidemiological studies have been undertaken of morbidity and mortality due to communicable disease in mass migration. This article reviews data from refugee displacement areas in north-east Africa. Risk factors to increase morbidity and mortality include breakdown of health services, movement to new ecological zones, malnutrition, and crowding and poor sanitation in relief camps. Highest mortalities are recorded in chidren below five years, the principal causes being measles, gastro-enteritis, chest infections and malaria. The greatest morbidity and mortality occurs after arrival in relief camps, and could be reduced by epidemiologically based, selective health programs. This article stresses the importance of regional level coordination between relief agencies and the need for an effective disease surveillance system.

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Slim, Hugo. "Relief agencies and moral standing in war: Principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and solidarity1." Development in Practice 7, no. 4 (November 1997): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614529754134.

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Benini, Aldo A., and Janet K. Bradford Benini. "Computer simulation of humanitarian scenarios: tools for training and field management in relief agencies." International Journal of Public Administration 22, no. 5 (January 1999): 637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699908525399.

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Clarke, B. A., and A. Steele. "Water treatment systems for relief agencies: The on-going search for the ‘Silver Bullet’." Desalination 248, no. 1-3 (November 2009): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.039.

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ELLIS, MARK. "T. J. Woofter Jr. and Government Social Science Research During the New Deal, World War II, and the Cold War." Journal of Policy History 32, no. 3 (July 2020): 241–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030620000081.

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AbstractThe work of southern sociologist Thomas Jackson Woofter Jr. (1893–1972) is frequently cited by American historians, but his contribution to government policy on agriculture in the New Deal, Social Security in the 1940s, and demography in the Cold War remains underappreciated. He left the University of North Carolina to direct government research on rural relief in the 1930s, Social Security enhancement during and after World War II, and foreign population and manpower projections during the Cold War. Contributing to the delivery of essential programs in key agencies, he participated in internal and external debates over policy and social attitudes between 1930 and 1960. Woofter worked for the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Works Progress Administration, the Farm Security Agency, the Federal Security Agency, and the Central Intelligence Agency, improving data-gathering and assisting transitions in federal policymaking. This article assesses his role in those agencies, using official records, other primary materials, and secondary sources.

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Bradt, David A., and Christina M. Drummond. "Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Health Status in Displaced Populations—An Evolution toward Standardized Minimum Essential Data Sets." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, no. 4 (December 2002): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000479.

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AbstractRapid epidemiological assessment (REA) has evolved over the past 30 years into an essential tool of disaster management. Small area survey and sampling methods are the major application. While REA is protocol driven, needs assessment of displaced populations remains highly non-standardized. The United Nations and other international organizations continue to call for the development of standardized instruments for post-disaster needs assessment.This study examines REA protocols from leading agencies in humanitarian health assistance across an evaluation criteria of best-practice attributes. Analysis of inconsistencies and deficits leads to the derivation of a Minimum Essential Data Set (MEDS) proposed for use by relief agencies in post-disaster REA of health status in displaced populations. This data set lends itself to initial assessment, ongoing monitoring, and evaluation of relief efforts. It is expected that the task of rapid epidemiological assessment, and more generally, the professional practice of post-disaster health coordination, will be enhanced by development, acceptance, and use of standardized Minimum Essential Data Sets (MEDS).

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Bradt, David A., and Christina M. Drummond. "Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Health Status in Displaced Populations—An Evolution toward Standardized Minimum Essential Data Sets." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, no. 4 (December 2002): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000935.

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AbstractRapid epidemiological assessment (REA) has evolved over the past 30 years into an essential tool of disaster management. Small area survey and sampling methods are the major application. While REA is protocol driven, needs assessment of displaced populations remains highly non-standardized. The United Nations and other international organizations continue to call for the development of standardized instruments for post-disaster needs assessment.This study examines REA protocols from leading agencies in humanitarian health assistance across an evaluation criteria of best-practice attributes. Analysis of inconsistencies and deficits leads to the derivation of a Minimum Essential Data Set (MEDS) proposed for use by relief agencies in post-disaster REA of health status in displaced populations. This data set lends itself to initial assessment, ongoing monitoring, and evaluation of relief efforts. It is expected that the task of rapid epidemiological assessment, and more generally, the professional practice of post-disaster health coordination, will be enhanced by development, acceptance, and use of standardized Minimum Essential Data Sets (MEDS).

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Kanbara, Sakiko, Nlandu Roger Ngatu (Corresponding author), Tara Pokhrel T, Apsara Pandey, Chandrakara Sharma, Hyeon J. Lee, Shoko Miyagawa, Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Sayumi Nojima, and Nursing Association of Nepal (NAN). "The 2015 Nepal Earthquake Disaster: Is the Threat of Occurrence of Communicable Disease Epidemic Over?" International Journal of Indonesian National Nurses Association (IJINNA) 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32944/ijinna.v1i1.32.

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This opinion paper highlights the state of public health assessment in evacuation centers following the 2015 Nepal earthquake. It also suggests an approach to reinforce risk assessment and surveillance of communicable diseases (CD) in remote Nepalese districts. A short surveillance research was conducted on outbreaks of infectious diseases in Nepal in the post-2015 earthquake in evacuation centers in Kathmandu and Dhading districts. In collaboration with the Nursing Association of Nepal (NAN), the researchers have established a monitoring and surveillance system, named ‘EpiNurse’ program, in remote Nepalese districts. Periodic shelter to shelter visits, CD risk assessment and relief needs inventory in local communities are implemented, whereas health events with a potential to cause a CD outbreak are being reported to governmental agencies and health clusters involved in post-disaster relief in Nepal. Several cases of diarrheal diseases were identi fied in Nepalese districts after the 2015 earthquake, suggesting the existence of potential risk for the occurrence of new CD epidemics. Onsite risk assessment and monitoring of the effectiveness of actions and interventions implemented, as well as improvement of risk communication between relief agencies should be expanded to less resourced districts to reduce the risk of CD outbreak occurrence.

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Malla, Shrijan Bahadur, Ranjan Kumar Dahal, and Shuichi Hasegawa. "Local level Disaster Response in Nepal: Investigating the Government Agencies." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 22 (December 15, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v22i0.33410.

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Effect of local level disaster response is always questionable in Nepal. It is because the capacity of local responding bodies' i.e. local administration, elected representatives and security forces is deficit. Overlooking own role and responsibility by public service offices such as health, water supply, road network, rural development, communication, education has overburdened the responsibility of CDO during disaster response and eroded the effectiveness of cluster approach. Similarly, over-reliance on security forces from relief and rescue to rehabilitation and reconstruction have also garnered lethargy amongst civil administration and public service offices wearing away their capacity. For that reason, it is utmost important that the prevailing tendency should be altered and derailed local level response mechanism should be brought into the right track.

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Malla, Shrijan Bahadur, Ranjan Kumar Dahal, and Shuichi Hasegawa. "Local level Disaster Response in Nepal: Investigating the Government Agencies." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 22 (December 15, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v22i0.33410.

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Effect of local level disaster response is always questionable in Nepal. It is because the capacity of local responding bodies' i.e. local administration, elected representatives and security forces is deficit. Overlooking own role and responsibility by public service offices such as health, water supply, road network, rural development, communication, education has overburdened the responsibility of CDO during disaster response and eroded the effectiveness of cluster approach. Similarly, over-reliance on security forces from relief and rescue to rehabilitation and reconstruction have also garnered lethargy amongst civil administration and public service offices wearing away their capacity. For that reason, it is utmost important that the prevailing tendency should be altered and derailed local level response mechanism should be brought into the right track.

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Heaslip, Graham, and Elizabeth Barber. "Using the military in disaster relief: systemising challenges and opportunities." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 4, no. 1 (May 6, 2014): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-03-2013-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a greater understanding of the challenges of civil military logistical cooperation, coordination and collaboration in humanitarian relief logistics. Design/methodology/approach – Systematic literature review of academic journals. Findings – This paper has four main findings. First, a categorisation of humanitarian logistics literature is achieved through a systematic review. Second, a classification of military involvement in humanitarian relief logistics is presented. Third, the research substantiated systematic differences in the kinds of military cooperation not only due to stage of operations but also depending upon whether the disaster is “natural” or “manmade”. Fourth, the research identifies the challenges of civil military logistical cooperation, coordination and collaboration and posits recommendations to overcome the identified challenges. Research limitations/implications – This paper represents an exploratory study and provides the basis for further research on cooperation, coordination and collaboration between military and civilian agencies in humanitarian operations. The paper sets a research agenda for academics. Practical implications – This paper is the first to offer practical guidance to military commanders and managers of humanitarian agencies on solutions and recommendations to overcome the challenges to civil military logistical cooperation/coordination in humanitarian operations. Originality/value – The area of civil military logistical cooperation/coordination has received limited consideration within the humanitarian aid logistics literature to date. This paper is designed to redress this shortfall. As a result, it is hoped that it will act as a catalyst for further research and to widen and deepen the resultant debate with a view to improving the outcome for those affected by current and future disasters.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Relief agencies'

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