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Rahimi, Masoumeh, Haochen Liu, Isidro Durazo Cardenas, Andrew Starr, Amanda Hall, and Robert Anderson. "A Review on Technologies for Localisation and Navigation in Autonomous Railway Maintenance Systems." Sensors 22, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114185.
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Smart maintenance is essential to achieving a safe and reliable railway, but traditional maintenance deployment is costly and heavily human-involved. Ineffective job execution or failure in preventive maintenance can lead to railway service disruption and unsafe operations. The deployment of robotic and autonomous systems was proposed to conduct these maintenance tasks with higher accuracy and reliability. In order for these systems to be capable of detecting rail flaws along millions of mileages they must register their location with higher accuracy. A prerequisite of an autonomous vehicle is its possessing a high degree of accuracy in terms of its positional awareness. This paper first reviews the importance and demands of preventive maintenance in railway networks and the related techniques. Furthermore, this paper investigates the strategies, techniques, architecture, and references used by different systems to resolve the location along the railway network. Additionally, this paper discusses the advantages and applicability of on-board-based and infrastructure-based sensing, respectively. Finally, this paper analyses the uncertainties which contribute to a vehicle’s position error and influence on positioning accuracy and reliability with corresponding technique solutions. This study therefore provides an overall direction for the development of further autonomous track-based system designs and methods to deal with the challenges faced in the railway network.
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Dinmohammadi, Fateme. "A risk-based modelling approach to maintenance optimization of railway rolling stock." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 25, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 272–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-11-2016-0070.
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Purpose Railway transport maintenance plays an important role in delivering safe, reliable and competitive transport services. An appropriate maintenance strategy not only reduces the assets’ lifecycle cost, but also will ensure high standards of safety and comfort for rail passengers and workers. In recent years, the majority of studies have been focused on the application of risk-based tools and techniques to maintenance decision making of railway infrastructure assets (such as tracks, bridges, etc.). The purpose of this paper is to present a risk-based modeling approach for the inspection and maintenance optimization of railway rolling stock components. Design/methodology/approach All the “potential failure modes and root causes” related to rolling stock systems are identified from an extensive literature review followed by an expert’s panel assessment. The failure causes are categorized into six groups of electrical faults, structural damages, functional failures, degradation, human errors and natural (external) hazards. Stochastic models are then proposed to estimate the likelihood (probability) of occurrence of a failure in the rolling stock system. The consequences of failures are also modeled by an “inflated cost function” that involves safety-related costs, corrective maintenance and renewal (M&R) costs, the penalty charges due to train delays or service interruptions as well as the costs associated with loss of reputation (or loss of fares) in the case of trip cancellation. Lastly, a time-varying risk-cost function is formulated to determine the optimal frequency of preventive inspection and maintenance actions for rolling stock components. Findings For the purpose of clearly illustrating the proposed risk-based inspection and maintenance modeling methodology, a case study of the Class 380 train’s pantograph system from a Scottish train operating company is provided. The results indicate that the proposed model has a substantial potential to reduce the M&R costs while ensuring a higher level of safety and service quality compared to the currently used inspection methodologies. Practical implications The railway rolling stocks should be regularly inspected and maintained so as to ensure network availability and reliability, passenger safety and comfort, and operations efficiency. Despite the best efforts of the maintenance staff, it is reported that a considerable amount of maintenance resources (e.g. budget, time, manpower) is wasted due to insufficiency or inefficiency of current periodic M&R interventions. The model presented in this paper helps the maintenance engineers to assess the current maintenance practices and propose or initiate improvement actions when needed. Originality/value There are few studies investigating the application of risk-based tools and techniques to inspection and maintenance decision making of railway rolling stock components. This paper presents a modeling approach aimed at planning the preventive repair and maintenance interventions for rolling stock components based on risk measures. The author’s model is also capable of incorporating real measurement information gathered at each inspection epoch to update future inspection plans.
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Consilvio, A., M. Iorani, V. Iovane, M. Sciutto, and G. Sciutto. "Real-time monitoring of the longitudinal strain of Continuous Welded Rail for safety improvement." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 10 (December 4, 2019): 1238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719890166.
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Continuous welded rail maintenance plays a significant role in ensuring high levels of rail traffic and safety. Temperature variations, excessive alignment defects, decreased fastening system resistance and train braking (always in the same stretches and in the same direction) may result in rail buckling or rail breaks. The current traditional monitoring systems and procedures for continuous welded rail consist of programmed discontinuous diagnostic surveys that require personnel intervention on site. Moreover, these traditional systems often imply destructive and invasive operations on the track that may lead to interruption of railway operations. This paper proposes a Rail Strain Monitoring System (RSMS) that performs a real-time rail strain monitoring and allows rail inspection without personnel on site. Using strain gauges and temperature sensors, placed on the rail in specific measurement points, the proposed Rail Strain Monitoring System performs a multi-parameter check by measuring, at the same time, the temperature, the rail strain and the neutral temperature of the rail. The paper describes the mode of operation of the Rail Strain Monitoring System, the calibration procedure and the results from the field, and highlights the advantages of this system in comparison to other traditional monitoring systems. The safety improvement that can be achieved with the application of the Rail Strain Monitoring System is analysed. In particular, the reliability of the system is evaluated and compared to the human error probability in the traditional manual inspections. Finally, the reduction of derailment risk and related economic damages is estimated.
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Ciszewski, Tomasz, Waldemar Nowakowski, and Zbigniew Łukasik. "A fault tree analysis-based method of railway traffic control systems safety assessment (Metoda oceny bezpieczeństwa systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym z wykorzystaniem FTA)." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 128 (March 1, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0902.
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Railway traffic control and signaling systems are safety-related, and thus it is crucial to provide them with an appropriate level of safety. Technological development has led to an increase in the functionality and reliability of these systems, taking into account the high safety requirements. Therefore, the operations involving the design, construction, and maintenance of railway traffic control and signaling systems should include a safety analysis. The safety analysis of railway traffic and signaling systems assumes that a primary event may cause a series of intermediate events, which then may lead to a disaster causing significant material losses and fatalities. Due to the random nature of the occurrences of the adverse events (failures, human errors), the probabilistic methods are often used to estimate risk. One of the risk assessment methods is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The authors of the paper conducted a qualitative safety analysis of level crossing protection systems using the FTA method. The requirements for the level crossing protection system were described, which we then used to write out FTA diagrams. The specific technical and quality requirements for railway traffic control and signaling systems result from the need to ensure a high safety level. Risk assessment is a required step in the evaluation of the safety and reliability of these systems. The authors of the paper applied the FTA method to the safety assessment of the level crossing protection system. The obtained results should be helpful in the process of design new railway traffic control and signaling systems. Systemy sterowania ruchem kolejowym są systemami związanymi z bezpieczeństwem, a tym samym bardzo ważnym aspektem jest dążenie do zapewnienia przez nie odpowiednie-go poziomu bezpieczeństwa. Wraz z rozwojem technologicznym następował wzrost funkcjonalności i niezawodności tych systemów, przy uwzględnieniu wysokich wymagań w odniesieniu do bezpieczeństwa. Dlatego też, działania polegające na projektowaniu, konstruowaniu i utrzymaniu systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym powinny uwzględniać analizę bezpieczeństwa. W takiej analizie zakłada się, że zdarzenie pierwotne może wywołać ciąg zdarzeń wtórnych, które następnie mogą doprowadzić do katastrofy, niosącej ze sobą duże straty materialne i śmierć ludzi. Ze względu na losowy charakter występowania zdarzeń niepożądanych (uszkodzenie, błąd ludzki), często przy szacowaniu ryzyka wykorzystuje się w opis probabilistyczny. Jedną z metod szacowania ryzyka jest metoda FTA (Fault Tree Analysis). Autorzy artykuły przy wykorzystaniu metody FTA przeprowadzili analizę jakościową bezpieczeństwa przejazdów kolejowych wyposażonych w systemy zabezpieczenia. Opisano wymagania dla systemu zabezpieczenia przejazdu, które następnie posłużyły do zbudowania drzew FTA. Specyficzne wymagania techniczne i jakościowe dla systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym wynikają z konieczności zapewnienia wysokiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa. W celu oceny bezpieczeństwa i niezawodności tych systemów, musimy podejmować działania w zakresie oceny ryzyka. Autorzy publikacji zastosowali metodę FTA do oceny bezpieczeństwa systemu zabezpieczenia przejazdu. Uzyskane wyniki mogą być pomocne w procesie konstruowania nowych systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym. null
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Janota, Aleš, Rastislav Pirník, Juraj Ždánsky, and Peter Nagy. "Human Factor Analysis of the Railway Traffic Operators." Machines 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10090820.
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The human factor is an essential aspect of the operability and safety of many technical systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of human errors in the railway domain. The subject of human reliability analysis is the behavior of operators of station-signaling systems responsible for rail traffic management. We use a technique for human-error rate prediction as the 1st generation human reliability analysis to deal with task analyses, error identification and representation, and the quantification of human error probabilities. The paper contributes to the comparison of three technologically different railway traffic control systems, having different degrees of automation—from the manually operated (electro-mechanical), through semi-automated (relay-based) to almost fully automated (computer-based) station-signaling systems. We observe the frequency of individual operations performed in time intervals and calculate human error probability and human success probability values for each operation. Thus, we can analyze human reliability and compare the workload of operators working with control systems of different degrees of automation.
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Manuilov, N. I. "HUMAN FACTOR INFLUENCE ON TRAIN BRAKE EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-3-19.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article considers the human factor influence on trouble-free operation of brake equipment of trains. The study was carried out by an analytical method, based on the statistics of equipment failures, assessment of implementation of the current rules for railway rolling stock maintenance. The problem of the lack of an effective device for diagnosing the brake network of a train, which would provide control over its integrity and density in the course of traffic and during stops, is revealed. At the same time, it is also necessary to reduce time for measuring density of the brake network, the train to automate this process. Keywords: railway, traffic safety, braking equipment, train brake network density, reliability, human factor.
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Franciosi, Chiara, Valentina Di Pasquale, Raffaele Iannone, and Salvatore Miranda. "A taxonomy of performance shaping factors for human reliability analysis in industrial maintenance." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2702.
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Purpose: Human factors play an inevitable role in maintenance activities, and the occurrence of Human Errors (HEs) affects system reliability and safety, equipment performance and economic results. The high HE rate increased researchers’ attention towards Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) and HE assessment approaches. In these approaches, various environmental and individual factors influence the performance of maintenance operators affecting Human Error Probability (HEP) with a consequent variability in the success of intervention. However, a deep analysis of such factors in the maintenance field, often called Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs), is still missing. This has led the authors to systematically evaluate the literature on Human Error in Maintenance (HEM) and on the PSFs, in order to provide a shared PSF taxonomy.Design/methodology/approach: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify and select peer-reviewed papers that provided evidence on the relationship between maintenance activities and human performance. The obtained results provided a wide overview in the field of interest, shedding light on three main research areas of investigation: methodologies for human error analysis in maintenance, performance shaping factors and maintenance error consequences. In particular, papers belonging to the area of PSFs were analysed in-depth in order to identify and classify the PSFs, with the aim of achieving the PSF taxonomy for maintenance activities. The effects of each PSF on human reliability were defined and detailed.Findings: A total of 63 studies were selected and then analysed through a systematic methodology. 46% of these studies presented a qualitative/quantitative assessment of PSFs through application in different maintenance activities. Starting from the findings of the aforementioned papers, a PSF taxonomy specific for maintenance activities was proposed. This taxonomy represents an important contribution for researchers and practitioners towards the improvement of HRA methods and their applications in industrial maintenance.Originality/value: The analysis outlines the relevance of considering HEM because different error types occur during the maintenance process with non-negligible effects on the system. Despite a growing interest in HE assessment in maintenance, a deep analysis of PSFs in this field and a shared PSF taxonomy are missing. This paper fills the gap in the literature with the creation of a PSF taxonomy in industrial maintenance. The proposed taxonomy is a valuable contribution for growing the awareness of researchers and practitioners about factors influencing maintainers’ performance.
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Wulandari, Aditya Praswuri. "ANALISIS HUMAN RELIABILITY PADA OPERATOR MAINTENANCE MESIN UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HUMAN ERROR DENGAN METODE SPAR-H DI PT. TJOKRO PUTRA PERKASA." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v6i3.2017.269-277.
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Operator have considerable contribution in the operation of the system trough its role in the completion of their work. Therefore it is important to know the operator’s reliability (human reliability). The levels of human reliability is determined by calculating the potential in making mistakes, known as human error. Human error is influenced by the inadequate system design, the working bad situation, the high complexity of the work, the characteristics of human behaviour, the mental and physical fatigue, the working environment and organizational policies. The main objective of this study was to analyze the reliability of the human operators to control the occurance of human error. This study was an observational with cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on 14 of operators maintenance machine in PT. Tjokro Putraperkasa. Data were collected by means of interview and observation. Data were obtained using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Standardized Plant Analysis Risk Human Reliability Assessment (SPAR-H). The result showed that most (80%) of the operators did not wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), possible were widely found in preventive maintenance machine bubut, the high score (HEP= 0,0477) of human unreliability was found in operators working intruction in machine bubut, hobbing and CNC, as whole the system reliability was still low, and the majority (80%) of operators were still unreliable in doing their job.Keywords:human error, human reliability, SPAR-H.
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Sheikhalishahi, Mohammad, Liliane Pintelon, and Ali Azadeh. "Human factors in maintenance: a review." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 22, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-12-2015-0064.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review current literature analyzing human factors in maintenance, and areas in need of further research are suggested. Design/methodology/approach – The review applies a novel framework for systematically categorizing human factors in maintenance into three major categories: human error/reliability calculation, workplace design/macro-ergonomics and human resource management. The framework further incorporates two well-known human factor frameworks, i.e., the Swiss Cheese model and the ergonomic domains framework. Findings – Human factors in maintenance is a pressing problem. The framework yields important insights regarding the influence of human factors in maintenance decision making. By incorporating various approaches, a robust framework for analyzing human factors in maintenance is derived. Originality/value – The framework assists decision makers and maintenance practitioners to evaluate the influence of human factors from different perspectives, e.g. human error, macro-ergonomics, work planning and human performance. Moreover, the review addresses an important subject in maintenance decision making more so in view of few human error reviews in maintenance literature.
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Huang, Chao-Hui, Chun-Ho Wang, and Guan-Liang Chen. "Multiobjective Multistate System Preventive Maintenance Model with Human Reliability." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2021 (July 14, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6623810.
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Modern equipment is designed to operate under deteriorating performance conditions resulting from internal ageing and/or external environmental impacts influencing downstream maintenance. This study focuses on the development of a multistate system (MSS) that considers a human reliability factor associated with maintenance personnel—a condition-based multiobjective MSS preventive maintenance model (MSSPMM). The study assumes that no more than one maintenance activity is performed to achieve the most appropriate preventive maintenance (PM) strategy and easy implementation and to reduce maintenance error due to human reliability. The MSS performance based on mean system unavailability and total maintenance cost is evaluated using a stochastic model approach, and then, the MSSPMM is used for optimisation. A customised version of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III is employed to ensure efficient solution of the PM model with human reliability—which is considered a constrained multiobjective combinatorial optimisation problem. The optimised solutions are determined from the nondominated Pareto frontier comprising the diversified PM alternatives. A helicopter power transmission system is used as an example to illustrate the efficacy and applicability of the proposed approach through sensitivity analyses with relevant parameters.
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Nkosi, Mfundo, Kapil Gupta, and Madindwa Mashinini. "Causes and Impact of Human Error in Maintenance of Mechanical Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 312 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031205001.
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The concept of minimizing human error in maintenance is progressively gaining attention in various industries. The incorporation of human factors when solving engineering problems, particularly in maintenance, can no longer be ignored where high standards of performance are expected. The journey of improving maintenance performance through the reduction of human error begins with the understanding of causes and impact of human error in maintenance. This paper evaluates previous scholarly writings on human errors, to specifically establish the causes and impact of human error in maintenance. This study relies predominantly on the existing literature on human error in maintenance derived from published and unpublished research. The primary findings emerging from the research exhibit a number of key factors that cause a human error in maintenance such as poor management and supervision, organizational culture, incompetence, poorly written procedures, poor communication, time pressure, plant and environmental conditions, poor work design and many more. The literature review also revealed that human errors have a negative impact on safety, reliability, productivity and efficiency of the equipment. It was further discovered that equipment failures leading to accidents, incidents, loss of life and economic losses are the major effects of human error. Human error in mechanical systems’ maintenance is a serious problem which needs adequate attention in order to develop corrective and preventive measures. This review paper serves as a basis for maintenance practitioners and interested parties to develop corrective and preventive measures for minimizing human error in the maintenance of mechanical systems.
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Singh, Sarbjeet, Rupesh Kumar, and Uday Kumar. "Applying human factor analysis tools to a railway brake and wheel maintenance facility." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-03-2013-0009.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate three techniques to extract human factor information from specific railway maintenance tasks. It describes the techniques and shows how these tools can be applied to identify improvements in maintenance practices and workflow. Design/methodology/approach – Three case studies were conducted on single group of technicians (n=19) at a railway maintenance workshop in Luleå, Sweden. Case study I examined the posture of the technicians while they were changing the brake shoes of freight wagons; the study employed the Standard Nordic Questionnaire and a videotape using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS). Case study II looked at maintenance repair times required to change the wheel axle on freight wagons at the workshop. A video filming method suggested by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was used to measure actual maintenance time. Finally, case study III considered the technicians’ (n=19) perception of work demands, their control over the work and their social support while performing maintenance tasks (brake shoe and wheel axle maintenance); to this end, the case study used a demand control support questionnaire. Findings – In the first case study, the Standard Nordic Questionnaire confirmed that technicians at this particular railway vehicle maintenance workshop suffer from back and shoulder pain. The Ovako Working Posture Analysis showed that 21 percent of the working time required to fit the brake wedge and cotter pin fits into two OWAS categories: category 3, where “change is required as soon as possible,” and category 4, where “change is required immediately”. Problems stem from poor workplace layout, incorrect posture and inaccessibility of tools and components. In the second study, the video analysis indicated that the working time to change the wheel axle of a freight wagon is greatly affected by poor workplace layout. The third case study showed that the technicians have lower “psychological demands” (mean=13), “higher control over work” (mean=16) and “high social support” (mean=22). Practical implications – The objective of this study was to apply knowledge about human factors to the functional relationships between maintenance personnel, tasks and the working environment to improve safety. If the workplace layout, working posture, maintenance manuals and accessibility of tools are poorly planned, maintenance performance can be adversely affected. The results of this study should assist maintenance management to design new policies and guidelines for improving the work environment. Originality/value – Three case studies were conducted at a railway maintenance workshop in Luleå, Sweden, to collect data on how human factors affect various railway maintenance tasks.
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Zhao, Zhonghao, Boping Xiao, Naichao Wang, Xiaoyuan Yan, and Lin Ma. "Selective Maintenance Optimization for a Multi-State System Considering Human Reliability." Symmetry 11, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11050652.
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In an actual industrial or military operations environment, a multi-state system (MSS) consisting of multi-state components often needs to perform multiple missions in succession. To improve the probability of the system successfully completing the next mission, all the maintenance activities need to be performed during maintenance breaks between any two consecutive missions under limited maintenance resources. In such case, selective maintenance is a widely used maintenance policy. As a typical discrete mathematics problem, selective maintenance has received widespread attention. In this work, a selective maintenance model considering human reliability for multi-component systems is investigated. Each maintenance worker can be in one of multiple discrete working levels due to their human error probability (HEP). The state of components after maintenance is assumed to be random and follow an identified probability distribution. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a human reliability model and a method to determine the state distribution of components after maintenance. The objective of selective maintenance scheduling is to find the maintenance action with the optimal reliability for each component in a maintenance break subject to constraints of time and cost. In place of an enumerative method, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to solve the complicated optimization problem taking human reliability into account. The results show the importance of considering human reliability in selective maintenance scheduling for an MSS.
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Quiroga, L. M., and E. Schnieder. "Monte Carlo simulation of railway track geometry deterioration and restoration." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 226, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x11418422.
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Travelling safely and comfortably on high-speed railway lines requires excellent conditions of the whole railway infrastructure in general and of the railway track geometry in particular. The maintenance process required to achieve such excellent conditions is complex and expensive, demanding a large amount of both human and technical resources. In this framework, choosing the right maintenance strategy becomes a critical issue. A reliable simulation of the railway geometry ageing process would offer a great advantage for the optimization of planning and scheduling of maintenance activities. A fundamental requirement for such simulation is a statistical model describing the behaviour of the railway track geometry deterioration as well as the effects of maintenance activities. The French railway operator SNCF has been periodically measuring the geometrical characteristics of its high-speed network since its commissioning (i.e. for more than 20 years now). These records are an excellent data source to achieve a sound statistical description of the process. In this paper a new system identification method to obtain such simulations is presented. The proposed method uses a grey-box model: a model structure and its constraints are specified basing on previous knowledge of the process to be identified, and then the set of parameter values which best fits the signal measurements is searched. As previous knowledge indicates that the process is non-linear, parameter values are searched by means of the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, an iterative technique that finds a local minimum of a function that is expressed as the sum of squares of non-linear functions. Furthermore, the presented model is extended in order to analyse the effect of the variation of factors influencing the ageing process (e.g. operational speed). Finally, the method is applied and validated with real data of a French high-speed TGV line.
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Ogmen, Akide Cerci, and Ismail Ekmekci. "HEART Hybrid Methods for Assessing Human Reliability in Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant Process." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710838.
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The assessment of human reliability is crucial in serious processes and operations, such as planned maintenance, unplanned maintenance, and troubleshooting in a coal-fired thermal power plant, as the nature of these processes poses significant threats. When the literature is examined, the evaluation of human reliability in any type of power plant, especially coal-fired thermal power plants, is limited. In order to fill this gap, we systematically assessed human reliability in an accident that occurred during a repair of a tube failure in a boiler in a coal-fired thermal power plant. The HEART (human error assessment and reduction technique) method was used in a hybrid way alongside the fuzzy AHP and SWARA (step weight assessment ratio analysis) methods. Although the HEART method is a practical, understandable, and easy-to-implement human reliability assessment method, the APOE (assessment of the proportion effect) value depends on the decision of a single decision maker. This study aimed to eliminate this deficiency and compare human error possibilities using HEART–fuzzy AHP and HEART–SWARA methods. This hybrid method can be used in the operation of all coal-fired thermal power plants and provides practical contributions to minimize human error.
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Emami-Mehrgani, Behnam, Sylvie Nadeau, and Jean-Pierre Kenné. "Optimal lockout/tagout, preventive maintenance, human error and production policies of manufacturing systems with passive redundancy." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 20, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-10-2012-0035.
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Purpose – The analysis of the optimal production and preventive maintenance with lockout/tagout planning problem for a manufacturing system is presented in this paper. The considered manufacturing system consists of two non-identical machines in passive redundancy producing one type of part. These machines are subject to random breakdowns and repairs. The purpose of this paper is to minimize production, inventory, backlog and maintenance costs over an infinite planning horizon; in addition, it aims to verify the influence of human reliability on the inventory levels for illustrating the importance of human error during the maintenance and lockout/tagout activities. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is different compared to other research projects on preventive maintenance and lockout/tagout. The influence of human error on lockout/tagout as well as on preventive maintenance activities are presented in this paper. The preventive maintenance policy depends on the machine age. For the considered manufacturing system the optimality conditions are provided, and numerical methods are used to obtain machine age-dependent optimal control policies (production and preventive maintenance rates with lockout/tagout). Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. The system capacity is described by a finite-state Markov chain. Findings – The proposed model taking into account the preventive maintenance activities with lockout/tagout and human error jointly, instead of taking into account separately. It verifies the influence of human error during preventive maintenance and lockout/tagout activities on the optimal safety stock levels using an extension of the hedging point structure. Practical implications – The model proposed in this paper might be extended to manufacturing systems, but a number of conditions must be met to make effective use of it. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is to consider the preventive maintenance activities with lockout/tagout and human error simultaneously. The control policy is obtained in order to find the solution for the considered manufacturing system. This paper also brings a new vision on the importance of human reliability during preventive maintenance and lockout/tagout activities.
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Kwon, Hwi-Jin, Seung-Il Lee, Ju-Hyung Park, and Chul-Su Kim. "Design of Augmented Reality Training Content for Railway Vehicle Maintenance Focusing on the Axle-Mounted Disc Brake System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 9090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199090.
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Light maintenance training for electric multiple-unit components of the organization of railway operations is generally conducted using maintenance manuals and work videos, following the guidelines of each organization. These manuals are in the form of booklets, complicated and inconvenient for maintenance operators to carry. Therefore, training content that visualizes maintenance procedures in a three-dimensions (3D) space is necessary to overcome the drawbacks of booklet-type training. In this study, we developed augmented reality (AR)-based training content for railway vehicle maintenance to increase training efficiency. Providing warning signs for risky procedures reduces human error, and transparency control makes trainees check the product hierarchy. A virtual experience based on the maintenance manual is provided to improve maintenance proficiency. An axle-mounted disc brake system maintenance manual is implemented in AR to reflect the requirements of maintenance operators. The convenience of this tool is improved by loading the AR content on a mobile device. Two methods of verification were used: the system usability scale (SUS) survey and training efficiency evaluation. The resulting SUS grade was B (excellent), and the training efficiency improved by 34%.
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Singh, Sarbjeet, and Rupesh Kumar. "Evaluation of Human Error Probability of Disc Brake Unit Assembly and Wheel Set Maintenance of Railway Bogie." Procedia Manufacturing 3 (2015): 3041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.849.
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Poliński, Janusz. "Diagnostics of Track Infrastructure as Part of the Digitisation of Russian Railways." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, no. 188 (September 2020): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1886e.
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Technical diagnostics is an integral part of the railway maintenance process. Through timely maintenance, in addition to ensuring the safety, functional and technical reliability of the infrastructure, maintenance costs are reduced and downtime losses, due to failures or premature repair requests, are eliminated or reduced. The track infrastructure diagnostic tools have evolved. This is related to, among others, the miniaturisation of instruments, reading accuracy during motion, as well as upgraded measurement automation and result analysis. Currently, data obtained from multifunctional diagnostic tools is the basis for the developed Russian railway infrastructure maintenance and operation digital model. The strategic development of mobile diagnostic labs is the gradual transition to solutions with advanced digital analysis, supported by artificial intelligence, monitoring and forecasting. The article presents the development of mobile labs for the railroad infrastructure condition diagnosis up to the current solutions, in which measurements take place without human intervention and the obtained information is transmitted in real time to the analysis and decision centres. Keywords: rail transport, measuring wagons, digitisation of railways, Russian railways
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Singh, Sarbjeet, Rupesh Kumar, and Uday Kumar. "Modelling factors affecting human operator failure probability in railway maintenance tasks: an ISM-based analysis." International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 6, no. 2 (April 16, 2014): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-014-0255-0.
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DHILLON, B. S. "MEDICAL EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY: A REVIEW, ANALYSIS METHODS AND IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 18, no. 04 (August 2011): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539311004317.
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This paper presents facts and figures, directly or indirectly, related to medical equipment reliability and reviews various important aspects, directly or indirectly, concerned with medical equipment reliability including classifications of medical devices/equipment, human error in medical equipment, useful guidelines for reliability and other professionals to improve medical equipment reliability, and medical equipment maintenance. A number of methods considered useful for performing medical equipment reliability analysis are also presented. Useful sources and organizations for obtaining medical equipment failure-related data are listed.
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Aju kumar, V. N., and O. P. Gandhi. "Quantification of human error in maintenance using graph theory and matrix approach." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 27, no. 8 (March 30, 2011): 1145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.1202.
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Asadzadeh, S. M., and A. Azadeh. "An integrated systemic model for optimization of condition-based maintenance with human error." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 124 (April 2014): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.11.008.
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Hololobova, O. O., S. Y. Buriak, V. I. Havryliuk, R. V. R. V. Markul, A. M. Afanasov, and D. S. Bilukhin. "Determination of the Origin of Failures in the Operation of the Automatic Locomotive Signaling." Science and Transport Progress, no. 6(96) (December 20, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2021/257914.
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Purpose. The safety of the transportation process in railway transport and its continuous operation to a large extent depend on the reliability of the means of railway automation and communication. In this case, special role in ensuring the efficient and safe operation of railways belongs to the systems of interval control of the train movement, as well as automatic locomotive signaling in conjunction with the systems of monitoring the driver's vigilance and automatic train stop. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is a detailed analysis of the operation reliability of these systems, in order to be able to correct service techniques and improve operational work, based on the information received. Methodology. To prevent halting and failures in the operation of automatic locomotive signaling devices, it was analyzed the failure statistics of all devices of railway automatics, which can lead to disturbances in its work. It was identified the most responsible devices, whose control will greatly affect the system performance and increase the reliability of the work as a whole. Findings. Analysis of statistical data showed that the main causes of malfunctions in the automatic locomotive signaling system are the failure of the decoder, locomotive filter and amplifier, and the main reason for the malfunction is equipment wear. Originality. The results of the work aimed at increasing the efficiency and reliability of the operation of the railway equipment are continuously implemented in the operational work, automating a large number of technological processes and improving the failure rate performance. However, ignoring this, the analysis of the operation of devices on the railways for the period 2013–2017 showed that a significant part of the reasons for the deterioration of the reliability of all systems of railway automation and separately considered locomotive alarm system accrue to the human factor, embodied in violations of the technology of work and non-compliance with the requirements of technological maps and manuals, as well as poor repair and inspection of devices in repair and technological areas. Practical value. The analysis showed that the issue of improving both the systems themselves and the devices of railway automatics, as well as the methods of their inspection, operation and maintenance, will increase the level of safety and reliability of transportations.
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Ng, Yang Siong Robson, and Hamad Rashid. "Enhancing human performance reliability in aircraft pushback operations." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 485–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the aircraft pushback operations to predict and manage human errors, particularly those associated with the complex team work of carrying out the pushback operation. This should improve air ramp operations reliability. Design/methodology/approach The study applied the human reliability assessment “Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach” that involved a total of 60 semi-structured interviews with practicing experts. Past ramp accident reports were also reviewed to provide more in-depth insights to the problem. Findings Some of the key performance reliability-degrading errors identified relate to some frequent critical technical inabilities within the team of headset operator and tug driver, as well as the vulnerable intra-team communications. Several best practices were similarly identified. Practical implications Based on its findings, this study proposes a new technological concept that can help enhancing safety of aircraft pushback operations. This should enhance reliability of aircraft ground handling and improve aircraft availability. It also provided a generic methodological approach to improve safety-critical operations within high-risk industries. Social implications This study responses to the increasing trend in ramp accidents worldwide. Originality/value The research conducted to date in this area is still quite limited compared to that of flight and aircraft maintenance safety. The relevant existing studies focus more on ramp safety holistically, and do not go into the details of how safety and reliability of a ramp operation can be improved. The current paper aims at filling this gap.
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Zhou, Jian-Lan, and Yi Lei. "A slim integrated with empirical study and network analysis for human error assessment in the railway driving process." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 204 (December 2020): 107148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107148.
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Shafique, Rahman, Hafeez-Ur-Rehman Siddiqui, Furqan Rustam, Saleem Ullah, Muhammad Abubakar Siddique, Ernesto Lee, Imran Ashraf, and Sandra Dudley. "A Novel Approach to Railway Track Faults Detection Using Acoustic Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 6221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186221.
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Regular inspection of railway track health is crucial for maintaining safe and reliable train operations. Factors, such as cracks, ballast issues, rail discontinuity, loose nuts and bolts, burnt wheels, superelevation, and misalignment developed on the rails due to non-maintenance, pre-emptive investigations and delayed detection, pose a grave danger and threats to the safe operation of rail transport. The traditional procedure of manually inspecting the rail track using a railway cart is both inefficient and prone to human error and biases. In a country like Pakistan where train accidents have taken many lives, it is not unusual to automate such approaches to avoid such accidents and save countless lives. This study aims at enhancing the traditional railway cart system to address these issues by introducing an automatic railway track fault detection system using acoustic analysis. In this regard, this study makes two important contributions: data collection on Pakistan railway tracks using acoustic signals and the application of various classification techniques to the collected data. Initially, three types of tracks are considered, including normal track, wheel burnt and superelevation, due to their common occurrence. Several well-known machine learning algorithms are applied such as support vector machines, logistic regression, random forest and decision tree classifier, in addition to deep learning models like multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural networks. Results suggest that acoustic data can help determine the track faults successfully. Results indicate that the best results are obtained by RF and DT with an accuracy of 97%.
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Islam, Rabiul, Faisal Khan, Rouzbeh Abbassi, and Vikram Garaniya. "Human error assessment during maintenance operations of marine systems – What are the effective environmental factors?" Safety Science 107 (August 2018): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.04.011.
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Bemment, Samuel D., Roger M. Goodall, Roger Dixon, and Christopher P. Ward. "Improving the reliability and availability of railway track switching by analysing historical failure data and introducing functionally redundant subsystems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 5 (September 13, 2017): 1407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717727879.
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Track switches are safety critical assets that not only provide flexibility to rail networks but also present single points of failure. Switch failures within dense-traffic passenger rail systems cause a disproportionate level of delay. Subsystem redundancy is one of a number of approaches, which can be used to ensure an appropriate safety integrity and/or operational reliability level, successfully adopted by, for example, the aeronautical and nuclear industries. This paper models the adoption of a functional redundancy approach to the functional subsystems of traditional railway track switching arrangements in order to evaluate the potential increase in the reliability and availability of switches. The paper makes three main contributions. First, 2P-Weibull failure distributions for each functional subsystem of each common category of points operating equipment are established using a timeline and iterative maximum likelihood estimation approach, based on almost 40,000 sampled failure events over 74,800 years of continuous operation. Second, these results are used as baselines in a reliability block diagram approach to model engineering fault tolerance, through subsystem redundancy, into existing switching systems. Third, the reliability block diagrams are used with a Monte-Carlo simulation approach in order to model the availability of redundantly engineered track switches over expected asset lifetimes. Results show a significant improvement in the reliability and availability of switches; unscheduled downtime reduces by an order of magnitude across all powered switch types, whilst significant increases in the whole-system reliability are demonstrated. Hence, switch designs utilising a functional redundancy approach are well worth further investigation. However, it is also established that as equipment failures are engineered out, switch reliability/availability can be seen to plateau as the dominant contributor to unreliability becomes human error.
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Noroozi, Alireza, Nima Khakzad, Faisal Khan, Scott MacKinnon, and Rouzbeh Abbassi. "The role of human error in risk analysis: Application to pre- and post-maintenance procedures of process facilities." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 119 (November 2013): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.06.038.
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Ge, Zhexue, Yi Zhang, Fang Wang, Fang Wang, and Yongmin Yang. "Virtual–real fusion maintainability verification based on adaptive weighting and truncated spot method." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2022): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.4.14.
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Maintainability is an important general quality characteristic of products. Insufficient maintainability will lead to long maintenance time and high maintenance cost, thus affecting the availability of products. Maintainability verification is an important means to ensure maintainability meets design requirements. However, the cost of traditional real maintainability verification method is very high, and the virtual maintenance method has insufficient verification accuracy due to the lack of large maintenance force feedback when the human body is moving. In order to reduce the evaluation error and test sample size, the paper conducts maintainability verification based on the mixed physical and virtual maintainability test scenarios. Aiming at the problem that traditional methods are difficult to deal with the real test information and synchronous virtual simulation information in the test process, this study proposes a virtual–real fusion maintainability evaluation algorithm based on adaptive weighting and truncated SPOT (Sequential Posterior Odd Test) method. It can weigh real test information and virtual human simulation information adaptively to obtain a virtual–real fusion maintainability test sample. Then, the SPOT method is used to evaluate the maintainability of small samples. The adjustment of valve clearance, replacement of air filter element and replacement of starting motor maintenance tasks of ship engine are taken as examples for demonstration. The virtual–real fusion and virtual maintainability verification methods are respectively used for verification, and compared with the physical maintenance scenario constructed by 3D printing, indicating that the accuracy of virtual–real fusion maintainability test verification is 89%, while the virtual maintainability verification is only 33%.
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Rodríguez-Padial, Néstor, Marta M. Marín, and Rosario Domingo. "Assisted-Driven Design of Customized Maintenance Plans for Industrial Plants." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 7144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147144.
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Current production systems that respond to market demands with high rates of production change and customization use complex systems. These systems are machines with a high capacity for communication, sensing and self-diagnosis, although they are susceptible to failures, breakdowns and a loss of reliability. The amount of data they provide as a productive system and, individually, as a machine can be treated to improve customized maintenance plans. The objective of this work, with an operational scope, is to collect and exploit the knowledge acquired in the industrial plant on failures and breakdowns based on its historical data. The acquisition of the aforementioned data is channeled through the human intellectual capital of the work groups formed for this purpose. Once this knowledge is acquired and available in a worksheet format according to the Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) methodology, it is implemented using Case-Based Reasoning algorithms in a Java application developed for this purpose to carry out the process of RCM, accessing a base of similar cases that can be adapted. This operational definition allows for the control of the maintenance function of an industrial plant in the short term, with a weekly horizon, to design a maintenance plan adjusted to the reality of the plant in its current operating context, which may differ greatly from the originally projected plan or from any other plan caused by new production requirements. This new plan designed as such will apply changes to the equipment, which make up the production system, as a consequence of the adaptation to the changing market demand. As a result, a computer application has been designed, implemented and validated that allows, through the incorporation of RCM cases already successfully carried out on the productive system of the plant, for the development of a customized maintenance plan through an assistant, which, in a conductive way, guides the plant maintenance engineer through their design process, minimizing human error and design time and leveraging existing intellectual capital.
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Zhang, Qiuliang, Zhike Zhang, Zhihui Wang, and Dong Yang. "Transceiver Decoupling of Multivariate Symmetric Hybrid Precoding Based on 5G." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 26, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1646952.
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Mobile Internet will promote the continuous change of human interaction, leading to an increase in mobile traffic, so the demand for network bandwidth and data volume is rising rapidly, which is also one of the problems that 5G needs to solve. The mobile communication network of the railway system has the characteristics of high-speed user mobility, large-scale group mobility of users, high certainty of user mobile lines, and high QoS requirements for dispatching information. In order to improve the transmission reliability requirements of the railway system for wireless communication, a quick search method algorithm based on GMCS model to encode the number of each subinterval is proposed. Hybrid precoding is designed according to multivariate symmetry rules. The target beam is designed according to the GMCS model, and the hierarchical training beam is designed to minimize the mean square error between the training beam and the target beam as the objective function. Then, the fast search model based on beam overlap is extended to NLoS to solve the problem of misjudgment caused by multipath. In the simulation experiment, it proves that the search success rate of the research in this paper is 10% higher than that of the traditional algorithm. It improves the search speed and has obvious advantages in complexity. It can provide a dynamic reliable conversion mechanism for the railway communication environment, reduce the transmission power of the base station, and optimize the actual effect of uplink and downlink service requirements.
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Tong, Guoqiang, Xinbo Qian, and Yilai Liu. "Prognostics and Predictive Maintenance Optimization Based on Combination BP-RBF-GRNN Neural Network Model and Proportional Hazard Model." Journal of Sensors 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8655669.
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Owning to the advantage of keeping the operating environment safe, high reliability, and low production cost, predictive maintenance has been widely used in industry and academia. Predictive maintenance based on degeneration state mainly studies the degeneration prediction. However, on account of the error of the sensor and human, condition monitoring data may not directly reflect the true degeneration. The degeneration model with dynamic explanatory covariates which is named as proportional hazard model is proposed to deal with the semi-observed monitoring condition. And the degeneration prediction mainly adopts a single prediction model, which leads to low prediction accuracy. A combination forecasting model can effectively solve the above problem. Compared to the traditional prediction method, the neural network model can use the “black box” characteristic to indirectly construct the degeneration model without complex mathematical derivation. Therefore, we propose a combination BP-RBF-GRNN neural network model which is applied to improve the degeneration prediction with dynamic covariate. Based on the above two aspects, a predictive maintenance optimization framework based on the proportional hazard model and BP-RBF-GRNN neural network model is proposed to improve maintenance efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. The simulation results of thrust ball bearing show that the proposed method can effectively improve the degeneration prediction accuracy and reduce the maintenance cost rate to a certain extent.
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Boboc, Andrei, Ancuţa Rotaru, Vasile Boboc, and Gupinath Bhandari. "An Approach to Identify the Impact of Human Intervention on Major Defects in Road Design, Construction and Maintenance." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.327.
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The need to build and run roads offering structural integrity led to great advances in the fields of material sciences and fracture mechanics, but construction defects occur to either the new roads or the old ones. There are generally four categories of construction defects referring to roads: construction deficiencies, design deficiencies, material deficiencies, and subsurface deficiencies, but it is not uncommon for a design deficiency to link on to construction deficiencies in the structure.The paper aims to emphasise that people think different about hazard and safety especially when they build roads. Differently put, roads rely more heavily on their makers and users to limit both the occurrence and impact of human error in construction and maintenance on the one hand and to rectify and rehabilitate on the other hand to improve the safety performance of road transport systems and keep accidents from occurring.The paper aims to provide information about the defects occurred in the road construction and maintenance affecting human safety bringing forward practical examples. Moreover, it examines the materials widely implemented in the road construction from the viewpoint of their technological restraints and possible deficiencies. It also analyses some of the methods used on fields about how they might positively influence the road reliability and the human security implicitly.
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Krainiuk, O., Yu Buts, V. Barbachyn, P. Lotsman, and D. Kalchenko. "INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF REMOTE METHODS FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE HUMAN BODY." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 164 (October 1, 2021): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-4-164-197-202.
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The aim of the work is to increase the reliability of remote methods of measuring the surface temperature of the human body. Common use of non-contact infrared (IR) devices for temperature screening. But it is important to pay attention to the accuracy of these systems to identify visitors or staff with an infectious disease. The following areas of improvement of metrological characteristics of non-contact devices for measuring human body temperature in a pandemic are identified: 15 cm, the presence in the equipment of a calibrated thermostable source of radiation, called the absolute black body (APT). An effective method of providing the most accurate measurements of skin surface temperature is associated with the use of "baseline sampling". To implement this method, a thermal imager measures the temperature of a specially selected group of perfectly healthy people, with whom the temperature of all others is compared. As a result of the conducted research the requirements to carrying out measurements of body temperature by IR thermometers for reception of reliable results are substantiated and offers on maintenance of these requirements for the purpose of increase of collective safety are put forward. It was found that the lack of calibration when measuring the body temperature of 50 university visitors with an IR thermometer is the cause of gross systematic error, which needs to be corrected by correcting. To increase the reliability of measurements, it is necessary to develop and test a simple and effective method of calibrating IR thermometers, suitable in normal operating conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the IR thermometer before the measurements, which eliminates the systematic measurement error. The practical significance of the study is to determine the optimal conditions for the use of the device for non-contact temperature screening in a pandemic. The results of the work will be useful both for further study of increasing the reliability of the results of remote temperature measurement, and may be useful in the learning process.
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Aust, Jonas, and Dirk Pons. "Assessment of Aircraft Engine Blade Inspection Performance Using Attribute Agreement Analysis." Safety 8, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety8020023.
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Background—Visual inspection is an important element of aircraft engine maintenance to assure flight safety. Predominantly performed by human operators, those maintenance activities are prone to human error. While false negatives imply a risk to aviation safety, false positives can lead to increased maintenance cost. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the human performance in visual inspection of aero engine blades, specifically the operators’ consistency, accuracy, and reproducibility, as well as the system reliability. Methods—Photographs of 26 blades were presented to 50 industry practitioners of three skill levels to assess their performance. Each image was shown to each operator twice in random order, leading to N = 2600 observations. The data were statistically analysed using Attribute Agreement Analysis (AAA) and Kappa analysis. Results—The results show that operators were on average 82.5% consistent with their serviceability decision, while achieving an inspection accuracy of 67.7%. The operators’ reproducibility was 15.4%, as was the accuracy of all operators with the ground truth. Subsequently, the false-positive and false-negative rates were analysed separately to the overall inspection accuracy, showing that 20 operators (40%) achieved acceptable performances, thus meeting the required standard. Conclusions—In aviation maintenance the false-negative rate of <5% as per Aerospace Standard AS13100 is arguably the single most important metric since it determines the safety outcomes. The results of this study show acceptable false-negative performance in 60% of appraisers. Thus, there is the desirability to seek ways to improve the performance. Some suggestions are given in this regard.
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Pazukha, A. A. "Artificial Intelligence for Safe Maintenance, Operation and Repair Technologies for Power Supply Devices of JSC «Russian Railways»." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 6 (June 2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-6-46-51.
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Automation of the technological processes is rapidly improving with the emergence and development of the artificial intelligence. More complex applications and platforms are being developed to better analyze the production process. Artificial intelligence and robotics are becoming efficient and priority tools for removing employees from the hazardous areas, minimizing the influence of the human factor, preventing, and predicting industrial injuries, automating production, improving labor productivity and quality of work. Artificial intelligence tools used in the world practice and wearable protective devices that serve to minimize industrial injuries and increase labor productivity are considered. The analysis of statistical data on injuries to the personnel of JSC «Russian Railways» during maintenance, operation and repair of power supply devices is presented. Further development and implementation of the artificial intelligence, the latest methods, and technical means of protecting railway personnel from electric shock injury is becoming an urgent task. The article considers video surveillance system «DOZOR» used in the RZD holding, which contributes to strengthening labor and technological discipline at production facilities, enhancing occupational safety, improving the quality of work- places preparation, and performing technological operations. It also allows you to assess professional competence and identify gaps in the theoretical and practical knowledge of the employees. It is proposed to introduce a computer vision device into «DOZOR» video surveillance system, which will ensure compliance with the requirements of the occupational safety rules and regulations in real time. It will also make it possible to promptly inform the employee and his managers about all the violations at a particular workplace for taking timely measures on preventing accidents and injury to the personnel.
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Njike, Achille N., Robert Pellerin, and Jean Pierre Kenne. "Maintenance/production planning with interactive feedback of product quality." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 17, no. 3 (August 16, 2011): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552511111157399.
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PurposeThis paper seeks to develop an optimal stochastic control model where interactive feedback consists of the quantity of flawless and defective products. The main objective of this study is to minimize the expected discounted overall cost due to maintenance activities, inventory holding and backlogs.Design/methodology/approachThe model differs from similar research projects in that, instead of age‐dependent machine failure, it considers only defective products as feedback into the optimal model for maintenance and production planning. In this paper a near optimal control policy of the system through numerical techniques is obtained.FindingsIn this paper, a new model in which the system's retroaction is the quantity of defective products is presented, considering that defective products are a consequence of global manufacturing system deterioration. Instead of taking into account machine failure and human error separately, it considers a defect in product as being the consequence of a combined failure; this consideration allows one to be more realistic by merging all failure parameters into a single one. A new stochastic control model, which focuses on defective products, inventory, and backlog, has been developed.Research limitations/implicationsThis approach extended the concept of hedging point policy to the quantity of defective products combined with preventive and corrective maintenance strategies. The control policy obtained has a bang bang structure and is completely known for given parameters.Originality/valueThe integration of maintenance and production strategies has been mainly focused on the machine. Many research projects have been focusing on the age when dealing with machine failure. It is considered as the main target of the cost reduction in maintenance engineering departments. The originality of this paper is the taking into account of all operational failures into the same optimization model. It brings a value added to high level of maintenance and for operation managers who need to consider all failure parameters before taking decisions related to cost.
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Grum, Bojan Bojan. "Impact of facilities maintenance on user satisfaction." Facilities 35, no. 7/8 (May 3, 2017): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2016-0034.
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PurposeThis paper aims to focus on how participants link the degree of satisfaction regarding the living conditions and the level of maintenance of facilities. The authors were interested in cross-cultural comparison between Slovenia and Serbia. Design/methodology/approachThe main instrument for measuring the participants’ level of satisfaction is a questionnaire formed by the authors. The study of the questionnaire was conducted in two phases. Statistical analysis of the first phase covering factor analysis of the questionnaire and analysis of the reliability of the questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha) in the second phase, descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used. The study involved 1,006 Slovenian and 385 Serbian participants. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance. FindingsThe results show that the Slovenian and Serbian participants express a statistically significant difference in the degree of satisfaction regarding the level of maintenance of the living environment, namely, with regard to the location of the real estate, the size of housing units, central heating and a sense of social belonging to the neighborhood. The overall picture shows that Slovenian participants have a considerably higher degree of satisfaction regarding the living conditions in the neighborhood and regarding the level of maintaining facilities than Serbian participations. Research limitations/implicationsThese are potential risks of error arising from the use of assumptions, limited sample size and data from the secondary resources. Practical implicationsThe results show that the law must clearly define the obligations of professional managers who will have to hold licenses to manage buildings. The residential community could be put into receivership if it is not organized in compliance with the law until it is regulated. That leads to efficient and streamlined maintenance costs and results in a better-quality living environment where users expect to reflect a higher degree of sense of security, a sense of social belonging to the neighborhood and consequently a higher degree of satisfaction. Social implicationsIn this study, the authors were interested in how the participants link the level of satisfaction with the living conditions and the level of facilities maintenance. In doing so, the authors were also interested in living environment parameters, such as location, size, illumination, noise and old apartments, old neighborhoods, internet access, central heating and a sense of security in the neighborhood, a sense of social belonging and a sense of living environment and suitable economic status. Originality/valueThe major contributions of this paper are as follows: the law must clearly define the obligations of professional managers who will have to hold a license to manage the building. The adoption of the “Facilities Maintenance Law” helped promote the overall legal and economic climate in the country, which led to the increase of investments in all areas of economic and social life, as well as to a higher level of residential “well-being” (sense of security, sense of social belonging to the neighborhood and consequently a higher level of satisfaction).
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Losert, Thomas, Martin Schlager, and Wilfried Elmenreich. "Fault-Tolerant Compensation of the Propagation Delay for Hard Real-Time Systems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 4 (July 20, 2005): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0346.
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In control systems the jitter is a relevant problem since the majority of theoretical results for analysis and design of time-invariant systems do not apply for time-variant systems. Reducing the jitter increases the stability of the closed control-loop thus leading to enhanced reliability. This paper presents a general model that can be applied to bus topologies as well as to star topologies. Based on this model an algorithm is presented that allows to improve the precision of a set of distributed clocks by measuring the propagation delay of the communication lines in a fault-tolerant way and compensating the jitter introduced by the propagation delay. Some fault-tolerant architectures already provide means for coping with propagation delays but require manually entering the values in a configuration-tool. With this algorithm the system supports this error-prone task by providing validity checks for the entered values or measuring these values automatically thus rendering this maintenance step obsolete.
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Santoso, Sigit, Roziq Himawan, Johnny Situmorang, Tulis Jojok Suryono, and Edison Edison. "REACTOR OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS BASED ON UN-INTENDED REACTOR TRIP DATA." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 21, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2019.21.2.5300.
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To enhance the safety and reliability of a new reactor, human factors should be integrated into its design process. The experimental power reactor (RDE) currently being developed in Indonesia needs to include human factors in the design process. One approach to incorporate human factors into design is by considering reactor operational experience data. This paper reviews and analyses the operational experience data of RSG-GAS reactor. The operational experience data of RSG-GAS reactor with 40,435 hours of total operation time spanning from 2003 to 2013 was used as a base in the study. In depth analysis on human factors was applied to the primary cooling system using Human Factors Analysis and Classification System-HFACS method. An amount of 289 un-intended trips were found in the observation data period. Most of un-intended trip were caused by external factors (38%). A review on the primary and secondary cooling system operational data showed that 3.11% of un-intended reactor trip occurrence causes were associated with human failure. Most suspected human failure/human error corresponds to the pump maintenance task which is classified as A action category. Analysis on the cooling system based on HFACS showed that the challenges to the human factors are related to unsafe acts, preconditions of unsafe acts, and unsafe supervision. The result reaffirm that human factors should be treated appropriately in the design of reactor equipment and operation procedure as well.Keywords: reactor operation experience, research reactor, human factors, reactor trip
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Balfe, Nora, Sarah Sharples, and John R. Wilson. "Understanding Is Key: An Analysis of Factors Pertaining to Trust in a Real-World Automation System." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 477–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818761256.
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Objective: This paper aims to explore the role of factors pertaining to trust in real-world automation systems through the application of observational methods in a case study from the railway sector. Background: Trust in automation is widely acknowledged as an important mediator of automation use, but the majority of the research on automation trust is based on laboratory work. In contrast, this work explored trust in a real-world setting. Method: Experienced rail operators in four signaling centers were observed for 90 min, and their activities were coded into five mutually exclusive categories. Their observed activities were analyzed in relation to their reported trust levels, collected via a questionnaire. Results: The results showed clear differences in activity, even when circumstances on the workstations were very similar, and significant differences in some trust dimensions were found between groups exhibiting different levels of intervention and time not involved with signaling. Conclusion: Although the empirical, lab-based studies in the literature have consistently found that reliability and competence of the automation are the most important aspects of trust development, understanding of the automation emerged as the strongest dimension in this study. The implications are that development and maintenance of trust in real-world, safety-critical automation systems may be distinct from artificial laboratory automation. Application: The findings have important implications for emerging automation concepts in diverse industries including highly automated vehicles and Internet of things.
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Ram, Mangey, and Amit Kumar. "Paper mill plant performance evaluation with power supply in standby mode." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 32, no. 4 (April 7, 2015): 400–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-04-2014-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of paper mill plant, which is a very key factor in improving its production. A number of safety challenges can be successfully fixed for a paper mill to continue to make further improvements in reliability, safety and economics. Many incidents in the paper mill plants are frequently caused by human error and equipment failure. Many of the incidents are generally based on poor managerial strategies. These types of errors could have been prevented if safety instructions had been correctly followed and supported in the maintenance system. Design/methodology/approach – A paper mill plant mainly consists four sections namely the head box, wire part, press part and dryer. All these four parts are connected in series configuration. The authors have developed a mathematical model for the plant in which power supply is in standby mode. The designed system can fail in five ways, i.e. by the failure of head box failure, wire part failure, press part failure, dryer failure and power (electricity) failure. So to make proper functioning of paper machine and no interruption in power supply, the authors have considered that power supply is in standby mode. Findings – Using the supplementary variable technique, the Laplace transformations and Markov process theory, the reliability indices of the paper mill plant model are determined. Originality/value – In the present paper, the authors have developed a mathematical model based on a paper plant machine.
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Elling, M. G. M. "Veilig Werken Volgens Geschreven Procedures." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 28 (January 1, 1987): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.28.12ell.
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Research in the field of written procedures (in an industrial context) has moved along two lines: regulating the performance of operators, especially in nuclear power plants, and creating effective technical manuals. The quality of such texts has remained a problem, perhaps because research has generally concentrated on superficial text features and task analysis, thereby neglecting the actual use (or non-use) of documents in working situations and the wider interests the organisation has in writing down procedures. A more promising strategy, along the lines of a distinction made by Rasmussen, is to concentrate on the relation between written procedures and the appropriate levels of human performance: skill based, rule based or knowledge based. In a case study (procedures for railway-track maintenance with uninterrupted train service), users described their problems with the written procedures as "lack of clarity", alluding to deficiencies in content and presentation. Further analysis revealed the following more specific problems: - unclear presentation: not designed as a job performance aid, awkward phraseology, unfit for easy reference; - too many detailed procedures; - unclear working situation: users often felt compelled to choose between following the procedures to the letter and accomplishing the jobs on schedule; - resistance to the predominating "control directing" function of the procedures, to the detriment of their "action directing" function; - lack of motivation, as a result of not having been involved in the drawing up of the procedures. The procedures had been conceived by the organisation on a rule based level. Due to the modus operandi of the human cognitive system, however, actual application of the procedures often takes place on a skill based level. Accordingly, it was decided to rewrite the procedures to a skill based level, i.e. to write very explicit instructions, specifying the actions to be taken by workers at every level in the organisation. From the present study it can be concluded that the usability of safety-related written instructions is not determined predominantly by their contents and their presentation, but also by at least the following factors: organisational context (working conditions, administrative control, safety policies); task involved; risk perception; feasible level of human functioning; frequency of error types; ergonomic possibilities; motivation of the users; knowledge and experience of the users.
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Singh, Sarbjeet, Arnab Majumdar, and Miltos Kyriakidis. "Incorporating Human Reliability Analysis to enhance Maintenance Audits: The Case of Rail Bogie Maintenance." International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management 8, no. 3 (November 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/ijphm.2017.v8i3.2668.
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Human errors occurring during railway maintenance activities can significantly reduce the availability of equipment. Identification of potential human errors, their causes and prediction of the associated probabilities are important stages in order to manage such errors. This paper investigates the probability of human error during the maintenance of railway bogies. A case study examines technicians performing maintenance on the disc brake assembly unit, wheel set, and bogie frame under various error producing conditions in a railway maintenance workshop in Luleå, Sweden. The Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) is employed to determine the probability of human error occurring during each of the maintenance tasks, while fault tree analysis is used to define the potential errors throughout the maintenance process. The probability of a technician committing an error during the maintenance of the disc brake assembly, wheel set, and bogie frame is found to be 0.20, 0.039 and 0.021 respectively, with the human error probability (HEP) for the entire bogie 0.24. Time pressure, ability to detect and perceive problems, over-riding information, the need to make decisions and mismatches between the operator and designer’s model turn out to be major contributors to human error. These findings can help maintenance management personnel to better understand the error producing conditions that may lead to errors and in turn serve as an input to modify policies and guidelines for railway maintenance tasks.
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Sholihin, Mohammad, Hermanto Dwiatmoko, and Djoko Septanto. "Curved Treatment in Km 2 + 2/400 Manggarai - Jatinegara Cross." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia (Indonesian Railway Journal) 4, no. 1 (March 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v4i1.124.
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Curves number 2 and 18 on Manggarai - Jatinegara cross are part of cross in DAOP (Operation Area) 1 Jakarta area. The reliability of an arch in its role in the operation of the railway is important even be a major factor. Therefore, perfection in care is absolute and a major requirement of a condition where the arch can be said to be reliable. But not all arches have the same elevation value as the calculated result. Thus it required an analysis of the level of care arch the arch reliability. From the results of secondary and primary data analysis then obtained data related to the condition of curve number 2 and 18 cross Manggarai - Jatinegara still not good in terms of changes in arrows and rail elevation. Calculation and analysis of data used dilihiat in terms of curved geometry conditions that is curved radius, transverse arch, rail elevation, ideal curve graph conditions and human resources managers. After analyzing the data and then compared with the existing standard, the implementation of curved treatment has been said to be only just not maximal, it can be suggested that it needs to be maintained treatment of the curve condition continues with the inspection in accordance with the provisions and immediately repaired the curved geometry is lacking, Arch back to normal and do maintenance by using the MTT machine at the time of treatment at night so that the implementation of the treatment is more suitable as expected and also did not happen trial and error.
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Tavakoli, Mehdi, and Mehdi Nafar. "Human reliability analysis in maintenance team of power transmission system protection." Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 5, no. 1 (November 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41601-020-00176-6.
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AbstractThe requirement for reliable electrical energy supply increases continuously because of its vital role in our lives. However, events due to various factors in the power grid can cause energy supply to be interrupted. One of these factors is human error and thus human reliability analysis is a serious element in the industry. The first step is to identify the roots of human error, on which there has been limited research in this area. In this paper, the potential and actual causes of human error in maintenance teams of power transmission system protection are identified and predicted within a framework of human factors analysis and classification system method. Then, human error factors are ranked to help improve human reliability. The proposed method is implemented in the Fars Electricity Maintenance Company.
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Papic, Ljubisa. "HUMAN FACTOR INFLUENCE ON SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS." Safety Engineering 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.7562/se2015.5.01.05.
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The method of cause-effect diagram is used in the subject investigation to detect and systematize human factors (human errors) that affect the results performing for the mining machines maintenance operation, i.e. sources that cause a maintenance problem. Event Tree Analysis is used as additional method in regard to cause-effect diagram. This method described certain logical events which come from primary initial event – error of maintainer. Event tree is in the subject investigation developed in order to find modes for mitigation waste (injury), rather than prevent waste. Key words: Human factor, maintenance operation, human error cause, "Swiss chese" model, event tree, human reliability prediction.
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Bicen, Samet, Cagatay Kandemir, and Metin Celik. "A Human Reliability Analysis to Crankshaft Overhauling in Dry-Docking of a General Cargo Ship." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, August 20, 2020, 147509022094833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090220948338.
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This study conducts a practical application of shipboard operation human reliability analysis (SOHRA) to a crankshaft overhauling operation of a general cargo ship at dry-docking period. The SOHRA approach includes error producing condition (EPC) and general task type (GTT) parameters to consistently calculate the human error probability (HEP) values of operation steps. In this case, a comprehensive overhauling of main engine was planned at shipyard since the ship has experienced a catastrophic failure. An onboard survey to ship engine room is conducted to monitor the operational conditions. The targeted operation, involves disassembly, maintenance, and reassembly stages, is monitored based on 39 sub-tasks. According to the initial findings, immediate recovery actions are suggested to eliminate critical safety issues in a timely manner. Moreover, an extended discussion through long-term safety recommendations are also provided. The results revealed from case study illustrates that HEP values in maintenance operations are sensitive to ship operating conditions. The proposed approach is found very useful by company executives to support ship technical superintendents in critical operation monitoring. The further study is considered to develop mobile application of SOHRA specific to maintenance operations onboard ships.