Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relevant logic'
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1
Ishtiaq, Samin. "A relevant analysis of natural deduction." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246668.
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2
Zaverucha, Gerson. "A nonmonotonic multi-agent logic of belief : a Modal Defeasible Relevant approach." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46629.
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3
Slater, Andrew, and andrew slater@csl anu edu au. "Investigations into Satisfiability Search." The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040310.103258.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation we investigate theoretical aspects of some practical approaches used
in solving and understanding search problems. We concentrate on the Satisfiability
problem, which is a strong representative from search problem domains. The work develops
general theoretical foundations to investigate some practical aspects of satisfiability
search. This results in a better understanding of the fundamental mechanics for search
algorithm construction and behaviour. A theory of choice or branching heuristics is
presented, accompanied by results showing a correspondence of both parameterisations and
performance when the method is compared to previous empirically motivated branching
techniques. The logical foundations of the backtracking mechanism are explored alongside formulations for reasoning in relevant logics which results in the development of a
malleable backtracking mechanism that subsumes other intelligent backtracking proof
construction techniques and allows the incorporation of proof rearrangement strategies.
Moreover, empirical tests show that relevant backtracking outperforms all other forms of
intelligent backtracking search tree construction methods. An investigation into
modelling and generating world problem instances justifies a modularised problem model proposal which is used experimentally to highlight the practicability of search algorithms
for the proposed model and related domains.
4
Dam, Mads F. "Relevance logic and concurrent composition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/414.
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Compositionality, i.e. that properties of composite systems are deduced in terms of those of their immediate constituents, is crucial to the tractability and practical usefulness of program logics. A general technique for obtaining this for parallel composition appeals to a relativisation of properties with respect to properties of parallel environments. This induces a notion of consequence on properties which will in general be a relevant one. Based on this observation we suggest using modal or temporal extensions of relevance logics to build compositional logics for processes. We investigate the general model theory of propositional relevance logic and introduce a notion of model based on semilattices with an inf-preserving binary operation. We present a number of correspondence and completeness results, investigate the relationship to Sylvan and Meyer's ternary model, and present concrete models based on Milner's SCCS. To account for dynamic behaviour a modal extension of linear logic is introduced, interpreted over models extended by prefixing in the style of CCS/SCCS. We show a variety of characterisation results, relating models to processes under testing preorders, and obtain completeness results, first for the general algebraically based interpretations and next for the process-based ones giving, for the latter, procedures for deciding validity and satisfiability of formulas. From a computational point of view the processes considered are unacceptably weak in that they lack a suitable notion of external, or controllable, choice. To remedy this we consider indexed modal models under weak preorders, generalising notions of process equivalence such as testing and failures equivalence. We give characterisations of these in terms of modal logic and axiomatise the logics obtained. Relevant extensions of these logics are introduced, interpreted over model classes on which a parallel composition is defined. We axiomatise the logics obtained, giving decision procedures as before, and conclude by specialising the results to testing equivalence and synchronous parallel composition.
5
Cosijn, Erica. "Relevance judgements in information retrieval." Thesis, Pretoria [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192005-145624/.
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6
Ferrar, Madeleine. "The logic of the ludicrous : a pragmatic study of humour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317896/.
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This thesis represents an attempt to show how recent research in pragmatic theory can contribute to our understanding of humour. Two inferential theories have been selected: speech act theory and relevance theory. In addition, I have looked at the modification of the speech act model proposed by Leech. An exposition of each theory is followed by an account of how these theories can be applied to humour. Some research into humour has already been carried out using the speech act model. This is described and evaluated. For Leech's extension of that model, and for the relevance-theoretic model, there is virtually no existing research on which to draw. Consequently, both the application of these theories to humour, and their evaluation thereof, are my own. Speech act accounts of humour are based on the notion that humorous utterances are unconventional and unpredictable. One way of exploiting our expectations, and thereby creating a condo effect, it is argued, is to violate the norms of conversation (that is to say, Grice's maxims and Searle's conditions). This analysis is found to be insufficient, on its own, to distinguish between the humorous and the non-humorous utterance. I will show how the unpredictable, unconventional remark can be used to create a number of different effects, some humorous, some nonhumorous. Maxim violation is thus seen to be inadequate, both as a descriptive and as an explanatory tool. Relevance theory constitutes a radical departure from the whole maxim-based framework. Adopting this approach to the analysis of verbal humour, I will try to find out exactly what is going on in our minds when we interpret humorously intended utterances. I will identify the various processes which I believe are employed in the appreciation of verbal jokes, and will conclude that these processes are not unique to humour. In spite of this, I will claim that there is a sense in which verbal humour can be said to be unique.
7
Wannenburg, Johann Joubert. "On the algebra of relevance logics." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60869.
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After recalling some prerequisites from universal algebra in Chapter 1, we
recount in Chapter 2 the general theory of deductive (logical) systems. As
working examples, we consider the exponential-free fragment CLL of linear
logic and some of its extensions, notably the relevance logic Rt and its fragment
R (which lacks a sentential `truth' constant t of Rt). In Chapter 2,
we focus on what it means for two deductive systems to be equivalent (in
the sense of abstract algebraic logic). To be algebraizable is to be equivalent
to the equational consequence relation j=K of some class K of pure
algebras. This phenomenon, rst investigated in [11], is explored in detail
in Chapter 3, and nearly all of the well-known algebraization results for
familiar logics can be viewed as instances of it. For example, CLL is algebraized
by the variety of involutive residuated lattices. The algebraization
of stronger logics is then a matter of restriction. In particular, Rt corresponds
in this way to the variety DMM of De Morgan monoids, which is
studied in Chapter 4. Moreover, the subvarieties of DMM algebraize the
axiomatic extensions of Rt.
The lattice of axiomatic extensions of Rt is naturally of logical interest,
but our perspective allows us to view its structure through an entirely algebraic
lens: it is interchangeable with the subvariety lattice of DMM. The
latter is susceptible to the methods of universal algebra. Exploiting this
fact in Chapter 5, we determine (and axiomatize) the minimal subvarieties
of DMM, of which, as it happens, there are just four. It follows immediately
that Rt has just four maximal consistent axiomatic extensions; they are described
transparently. These results do not appear to be in the published
literature of relevance logic (perhaps for philosophical reasons relating to
the status of the constant t).
The new ndings of Chapter 5 allow us to give, in Chapter 6, a simpler
proof of a theorem of K. Swirydowicz [59], describing the upper part of the
lattice of axiomatic extensions of R. Among the many potential applications
of this result, we explain one that was obtained recently in [52]: the
logic R has no structurally complete axiomatic consistent extension, except
for classical propositional logic.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
MSc
Unrestricted
8
Wannenburg, Johann Joubert. "Varieties of De Morgan Monoids." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75178.
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De Morgan monoids are algebraic structures that model certain non-classical logics. The variety DMM of all De Morgan monoids models the relevance logic Rt (so-named because it blocks the derivation of true conclusions from irrelevant premises). The so-called subvarieties and subquasivarieties of DMM model the strengthenings of Rt by new logical axioms, or new inference rules, respectively. Meta-logical problems concerning these stronger systems amount to structural problems about (classes of) De Morgan monoids, and the methods of universal algebra can be exploited to solve them. Until now, this strategy was under-developed in the case of Rt and DMM.
The thesis contributes in several ways to the filling of this gap. First, a new structure theorem for irreducible De Morgan monoids is proved; it leads to representation theorems for the algebras in several interesting subvarieties of DMM. These in turn help us to analyse the lower part of the lattice of all subvarieties of DMM. This lattice has four atoms, i.e., DMM has just four minimal subvarieties. We describe in detail the second layer of this lattice, i.e., the covers of the four atoms. Within certain subvarieties of DMM, our description amounts to an explicit list of all the covers. We also prove that there are just 68 minimal quasivarieties of De Morgan monoids.
Thereafter, we use these insights to identify strengthenings of Rt with certain desirable meta-logical features. In each case, we work with the algebraic counterpart of a meta-logical property. For example, we identify precisely the varieties of De Morgan monoids having the joint embedding property (any two nontrivial members both embed into some third member), and we establish convenient sufficient conditions for epimorphisms to be surjective in a subvariety of DMM. The joint embedding property means that the corresponding logic is determined by a single set of truth tables. Epimorphisms are related to 'implicit definitions'. (For instance, in a ring, the multiplicative inverse of an element is implicitly defined, because it is either uniquely determined or non-existent.) The logical meaning of epimorphism-surjectivity is, roughly speaking, that suitable implicit definitions can be made explicit in the corresponding logical syntax.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (CoE-MaSS)
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
PhD
Unrestricted
9
Rebecca, Schmidt. "The Power of Algorithms : The Use of Algorithmic Logic and Human Curation at The Guardian." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120371.
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Algorithms are part of most online activities but act largely in the background and remain hidden to the general public. They are programmed pieces of software that are designed to consume massive amounts of data and progress it into easy consumable pieces of information. Furthermore, that software is able to draw connections between pieces of information and filter it based on relevance or other criteria. What these criteria are and what they are based on often remains a well-kept secret. Companies such as Facebook, Google, Twitter and Netflix all use algorithms to make sense of the ever-increasing amount of Data and suggest posts, movies or search results. With more and more people getting their news stories trough social media platforms and search engines, algorithms play an important role in the way we receive news. That lead to the questions of what power algorithms have over the news we see and what power they have over news organisations and journalism. To answer these broad questions, it was decided to focus on one large news organisations and examine what role algorithms play. The news organisation chosen for this research was The Guardian. In order to investigate these how and if algorithms are used, interviews with eight experts working at The Guardian were conducted. The informants were developers, engineers, product managers, editors and journalists in order to get a broader spectrum of possible frames in place. So as to analyse the interviews, tables were created to understand the way algorithms in relation to the institution of The Guardian and the power of editors were framed by the interviewees. One of the results that could be observed through the interviews and analysis was that algorithms will play an increasingly large role in The Guardian and possibly share their influence with editors. It can also be found that technology and news organisations will become more and more intertwined and data from users will be collected and analysed. The last part of the thesis discusses the impact of the results in a broader context and what further research can be done.
10
Rellstab, Daniel H. "Charles S. Peirce' Theorie natürlicher Sprache und ihre Relevanz für die Linguistik : Logik, Semantik, Pragmatik /." Tübingen : Narr, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2896939&prov=M&dok%5Fvar=1&dok%5Fext=htm.
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11
Petratos, Panagiotis. "A heuristic information retrieval study : an investigation of methods for enhanced searching of distributed data objects exploiting bidirectional relevance feedback." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/319931.
Full textAbstract:
The primary aim of this research is to investigate methods of improving the effectiveness of current information retrieval systems. This aim can be achieved by accomplishing numerous supporting objectives. A foundational objective is to introduce a novel bidirectional, symmetrical fuzzy logic theory which may prove valuable to information retrieval, including internet searches of distributed data objects. A further objective is to design, implement and apply the novel theory to an experimental information retrieval system called ANACALYPSE, which automatically computes the relevance of a large number of unseen documents from expert relevance feedback on a small number of documents read. A further objective is to define a methodology used in this work as an experimental information retrieval framework consisting of multiple tables including various formulae which anow a plethora of syntheses of similarity functions, ternl weights, relative term frequencies, document weights, bidirectional relevance feedback and history adjusted term weights. The evaluation of bidirectional relevance feedback reveals a better correspondence between system ranking of documents and users' preferences than feedback free system ranking. The assessment of similarity functions reveals that the Cosine and Jaccard functions perform significantly better than the DotProduct and Overlap functions. The evaluation of history tracking of the documents visited from a root page reveals better system ranking of documents than tracking free information retrieval. The assessment of stemming reveals that system information retrieval performance remains unaffected, while stop word removal does not appear to be beneficial and can sometimes be harmful. The overall evaluation of the experimental information retrieval system in comparison to a leading edge commercial information retrieval system and also in comparison to the expert's golden standard of judged relevance according to established statistical correlation methods reveal enhanced system information retrieval effectiveness.
12
Kalkan, Ekrem. "Demand Estimation, Relevant Market Definition And Identification Of Market Power In Turkish Beverage Industry." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611636/index.pdf.
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This dissertation aims to contribute to the field of economics of competition policy by analyzing the demand structure and the market power in the Turkish beverage industry and in the cola market in particular. First, a demand system for the beverage products has been estimated by using a multi-stage linearized Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Using the own-price elasticity of cola in a SSNIP test (Small but Significant Non-Transitory Increase in Price), it is shown that cola market consists of a distinct relevant product market. Then, the demand elasticities of cola products at brand and package level have been estimated by the simple and nested logit models. Finally, the estimated demand elasticities of cola products have been used in measuring the degree of market power and predicting the effects of a hypothetical merger between Pepsi and Cola Turca by using a merger simulation technique. The results show that all cola suppliers have large price-cost margins for most of their products. Prices of the merging parties increase in average by 15 - 21% after the merger. The merger also causes the market price to increase by 16- 22% and consumer surplus to decrease by nearly 5% in average. Finally, depending on these results, the thesis recommends a stricter merger control criterion than dominance criterion for competition policy in Turkey.
13
Singla, Meenu. "Occurrence and Relevance of Trans-kingdom RNAi against Phytopathogenic Bacteria." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS375.pdf.
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Nous avons généré et caractérisé des lignées transgéniques d'Arabidopsis exprimant des petits ARN artificiels dirigés contre des gènes de virulence de Pto DC3000. Nous avons constaté que ces petits ARN exprimés par les plantes d’Arabidopsis étaient capables de réprimer l'expression des gènes bactériens cibles au cours de l'infection. Ce phénomène d’extinction de gène antibactérienne (AGS) était associé à une diminution de la pathogénèse bactérienne, également observée lors de l'application externe de petits ARN dérivés des plantes correspondantes sur des feuilles sauvages d'Arabidopsis et de tomate. De plus, nous avons découvert que ces espèces de petits ARN de plantes étaient responsables à la fois de l'AGS et de la suppression de la pathogenèse. Cela implique que la bactérie Gram-négative Pto DC3000 est capable d’internaliser, de manière passive et/ou active, des petits ARN malgré la présence d'une paroi cellulaire comprenant une structure complexe à double membrane, à savoir les membranes interne et externe de la bactérie. De plus, nous avons découvert que les petits ARN apoplastiques fonctionnels étaient soit intégrés dans des vésicules extracellulaires (EV), soit présent dans l’espace extracellulaire sous une forme libre. Ce travail de thèse révèle donc un tout un nouveau phénomène de régulation trans-règne entre un hôte eucaryote et un agent pathogène procaryote et a permis de faire avancer de manière significative nos connaissances dans les domaines de la biologie de l’ARN, de la microbiologie et des interactions hôte-bactérieWe first generated and characterized Arabidopsis-based transgenic systems expressing artificial small RNAs directed against key virulence-associated genes from Pto DC3000. Interestingly, we found that these Arabidopsis-encoded small RNAs were competent in repressing the expression of the targeted virulence factors during infection. This Antibacterial Gene Silencing (AGS) phenomenon was associated with a reduced bacterial pathogenesis, which was also observed upon external application of corresponding plant-derived small RNAs onto wild-type Arabidopsis and tomato leaves prior to infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these plant small RNA species were causal for both AGS and pathogenesis suppression. This implies that the Gram-negative bacterium Pto DC3000 is capable of taking-up –passively and/or actively– small RNAs despite the presence of a cell wall comprising an intricate double membrane structure, namely the bacterial inner and outer membranes. In addition, we discovered that apoplastic small RNAs, which are competent for AGS, were either embedded into Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) or presumably in a free form. The latter small RNA species have not yet been reported and were referred to as Extracellular Free Small RNAs (efsRNAs). Overall, this thesis work unveils a novel phenomenon of trans-kingdom regulation between a eukaryotic host and a prokaryotic pathogen
14
Taylor, James Tanfield. "HOL Metatheory of Relevant Implication Syntax and Semantics." Thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/268767.
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We mechanise two Hilbert systems, a Natural Deduction system, the Routley-Meyer semantics, and the Cover semantics for the Relevant Logic R in HOL4. We also show equivalence results between one of the Hilbert Systems and the other Hilbert system and the Natural Deduction system. We also show soundness and completeness results between the one of the Hilbert Systems and the two Semantic systems, thereby producing machine checked proofs of all of these results.
15
Riche, Jacques M. "Decidability, complexity and automated reasoning in relevant logic." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/138550.
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Slater, Andrew. "Investigations into Satisfiability Search." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48193.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation we investigate theoretical aspects of some practical approaches used in solving and understanding search problems. We concentrate on the Satisfiability problem, which is a strong representative from search problem domains. The work develops general theoretical foundations to investigate some practical aspects of satisfiability search. This results in a better understanding of the fundamental mechanics for search algorithm construction and behaviour. A theory of choice or branching heuristics is presented, accompanied by results showing a correspondence of both parameterisations and performance when the method is compared to previous empirically motivated branching techniques. The logical foundations of the backtracking mechanism are explored alongside formulations for reasoning in relevant logics which results in the development of a malleable backtracking mechanism that subsumes other intelligent backtracking proof construction techniques and allows the incorporation of proof rearrangement strategies. Moreover, empirical tests show that relevant backtracking outperforms all other forms of intelligent backtracking search tree construction methods. An investigation into modelling and generating world problem instances justifies a modularised problem model proposal which is used experimentally to highlight the practicability of search algorithms for the proposed model and related domains.
17
Fuhrmann, André. "Relevant logics, modal logics and theory change." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10318.
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This thesis is a contribution to applied relevant logics. In Part One relevant logics are presented proof-theoretically
and semantically. These logics are then extended to modal logics. Completeness proofs for all of the logics presented
in Part One are provided. In Part Two, the logics of Part One are applied to certain problems in philosophical logic
and Artificial Intelligence. Deontic and epistemic logics based on relevant logics are presented in chapter three and
chapter four contains an extensive investigation of the logic of theory change (or database updating).
18
Mansur, Mostofa Nazmul. "The paradoxes of material implication /." 2005.
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19
Tulenheimo, Tero. "Independence-Friendly Modal Logic. Studies in its Expressive Power and Theoretical Relevance." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856495.
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The doctoral dissertation introduces independence-friendly (IF) modal logic as an extension of standard modal logic. Making use of the notion of uniform strategy, a game-theoretical interpretation of IF modal logic is formulated. It is shown that under this interpretation, IF modal logic has greater expressive power than standard modal logic, and can be translated into first-order logic. However, when restricted to a simple tense-logical setting (evaluation over strict linear orders), its expressive power coincides with standard tense logic. The syntax of IF modal logic can be modified to allow independence of modal operators from conjunctions and disjunctions. It is shown that the resulting modal logic can no longer be translated into first-order logic. Two further interpretations of the language of IF modal logic are given, one in terms of backwards-looking operators, the other algebraic. The dissertation contains an extensive discussion of tenses in linguis- tics, and explains how the 'backwards-looking operators' interpretation of IF tense logic makes it possible to formally distinguish between two types of independence appearing in connection with tense evaluation. It is argued that the linguistic critique against scope theories of tense becomes less appealing when this distinction is made.
20
Trucco, Francisco Carlos. "Verificación de lógicas modales dinámicas en Coq." Bachelor's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/14648.
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Tesis (Lic. en Ciencias de la Computación)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, 2019.Los lenguajes modales son lenguajes adecuados para describir propiedades de grafos dirigidos con nodos etiquetados. Estas estructuras aparecen en una gran variedad de problemas de diversas áreas del conocimiento. Como consecuencia de esto, existe una gran variedad de lógicas modales. En la práctica cada vez que se define una nueva lógica modal, muchos teoremas deben ser demostrados y revisados nuevamente para esta nueva lógica. Este proceso, además de resultar tedioso, es propenso a errores. Afortunadamente, la tarea de realizar demostraciones complejas ha comenzado cada vez más a ser asistida por herramientas computacionales. En este trabajo, formalizamos y verificamos en el asistente de demostraciones Coq un teorema de invarianza bajo bisimulación de ciertas lógicas modales con operadores dinámicos capaces de modificar la relación de accesibilidad.
Modal languages are adequate languages to describe properties of labelled directed graphs. These structures appear in a wide variety of problems from different areas of knowledge. As a consequence, there exist a great number of modal logics. In practice, every time a new modal logic is defined, many theorems must be proved and peer-reviewed again for this new logic. This process, besides being tedious, is error-prone. Fortunately, the task of writing complex proofs has increasingly begun to be assisted by computational tools. In this work, we formalize and verify an invariance under bisimulation result in the proof assistant Coq for a particular family of dynamic modal logics that change the accessibility relation of a model.
Fil: Trucco, Francisco Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.
21
Dohutia, Poonam. "Thinking the Impossible: Counterfactual Conditionals, Impossible Cases, and Thought Experiments." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4220.
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In this thesis I present an account of the formal semantics of counterfactuals that systematically deals with impossible antecedents. This, in turn, allows us to gain a richer understanding of what makes certain thought experiments informative in spite of the impossibility of the situations they consider.
In Chapter II, I argue that there are major shortcomings in the leading theories of counterfactuals. The leading theories of counterfactuals (based on classical two-valued logic) are unable to account for counterfactuals with impossible antecedents. In such accounts, everything and anything follows from an impossible antecedent.
In Chapter III, I examine some crucial notions such as conceivability, imaginability, and possibility. Herein I argue that there is a distinction to be made between the notions of conceiving and imagining. Conceivability, it turns out, is a sufficient condition for being a case. Recent literature on the semantics for relevance logic have made some use of the notion of a “state”, which differs from a world in that contradictions are true in some states; what is not done in that literature is to clarify how the notion of a state differs from an arbitrary collection of claims. I use the notion of a case as a (modal) tool to analyze counterfactuals with impossible antecedents, one for which, unlike the notion of states, it is clear why arbitrary collections of claims do not count.
In Chapter IV, I propose a new account of counterfactuals. This involves modifying existing possible worlds accounts of counterfactuals by replacing possible worlds by the “cases” identified in Chapter III. This theory discerns counterfactuals such as: “If Dave squared the circle, he would be more famous than Gödel” which seems true, from others like: “If Dave squared the circle, the sun would explode”, which seems false.
In Chapter V I discuss one of the main pay offs of having an account of counterfactuals that deals systematically with counterfactuals with impossible antecedents. To apply the new account of counterfactual to thought experiments, first we have to transform the thought experiment in question into a series of counterfactuals. I show how this is to be done, in Chapter V. There are two advantages of such an account when we apply it to thought experiments: First, for thought experiments with impossible scenarios, our new account can explain how such thought experiments can still be informative. Secondly, for thought experiments like the Chinese Room, where it is not clear whether there is a subtle impossibility in the scenario or not, this new account with its continuous treatment of possible and impossible cases makes clear why the debate about such thought experiments looks the way it does. The crucial question is not whether there is such an impossibility, but what is the "nearest" situation in which there is a Chinese Room (whether it is impossible or not) and what we would say there (about the intentionality of the room). On traditional accounts, it becomes paramount to deal with the possibility question, because if it is an impossible scenario the lessons we learn are very different from the ones we learn if it is possible. There are no available theories of thought experiments that account for thought experiments with impossible/incomplete scenarios. With the new account of counterfactual and by applying it to thought experiments we over come this difficulty.
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Lokham, Kamraitip, and 甘萊蒂. "Clinical relevance of anterior gradient protein 2 with canine mammary gland malignancies." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5541012%22.&searchmode=basic.
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碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
107
Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) is a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) member with a function in the control of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. AGR2 has been reported to be highly expressed and plays a pro-oncogenic role in a variety of human cancers, including estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. Using proteomics approaches, we previously identified canine AGR2 overexpressed in canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs) and in hyperplastic mammary gland tissues, compared to normal tissues. In this study, we performed immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses to validate AGR2 expression in canine MGT tissues using 42 specimens collected from 16 MGT dogs. Results demonstrate that AGR2 is highly expressed in malignant MGT tissues (n = 18) and in hyperplastic tissues (n = 8) compared with normal mammary gland tissues (n = 11; p ＜ 0.0001 and p = 0.0046, respectively). Moreover, AGR2 protein levels in early-stage malignant MGT (n = 9) are significantly higher compared with the normal tissues (p = 0.0016). Immunohistochemistry further confirms that AGR2 is highly expressed in MGT tissues compared with adjacent normal counterparts (p ＜ 0.0001). Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis of ERα protein levels in canine MGT tissues reveals a correlation between AGR2 and ERα expression in MGT tissues (r2 = 0.3041, p = 0.0177). We also validated AGR2 protein expression in canine MGT cells, where AGR2 is mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum as reported in human cells. In summary, this study demonstrates a clinical relevance of AGR2 in canine MGTs and suggests that ERα-mediated signaling may be involved in the regulation of AGR2 expression.
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Lin, Tzu-Hsiang, and 林子翔. "The Impact of Government Subsidies on the Value-Relevance of Financial Informationin Chinese Listed Firms." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5385011%22.&searchmode=basic.
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碩士國立中興大學
會計學研究所
107
Previous studies have focused on whether government subsidies have an impact on value-relevance. Therefore, this paper uses Ohlson''s (1995) evaluation method as the basis model for this study which analyze the listed firms of Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2003 to 2016. Our destination is to test the impact of government subsidies on the value-relevance. In addition, we distinguish the government subsidies in three ways: related to assets or not, tax-related or not, and central-related or not. To further explore their impact on value-relevance. We find that more government subsidies received, the investors will reduce their reliance on the announcement of earnings per share information, and the book value of shareholders'' equity will be taken into account.
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Scheckle, Linda Ann. "The relevance of the speech act theory to Buzani Kubawo." Diss., 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17671.
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Austin's Speech Act Theory is a valuable tool for the
analysis of a literary text. In interaction, the intentionand
purpose-success of linguistic communication can be gauged
by establishing whether participants have met felicity
conditions and have respected maxims. When the Co-operative
Principle is ignored, special effects are achieved and
receivers can only make sense of utterances through
implicature and inferences based on background knowledge and
mutual contextual beliefs.
In the drama, Buzani kubawo, characters interact on four
levels of time in space and place. They reveal themselves
and convey theme through their speech and actions. Conflict
is entrenched by lines of force drawn between opposing
characters and between sub-worlds contrasted. Cohesion,
determined by plot structure, and form, expressed on the
endophoric and exophoric levels, give meaning to the drama.
The micro-analysis of the wedding scene illustrates how
communication can misfire should the playwright allow it!African Languages
M.A. (African languages)
25
Jiang, Jia-Rong, and 江嘉容. "The Moderated Effect of Product Relevance on the Impact of Personality Congruence Between Cosmetic Brand and Internet Celebrity on the Effectiveness of Endorsement." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5402011%22.&searchmode=basic.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
行銷學系所
107
This study investigates the sub-brands of the top five global cosmetic polyclinic sold in Taiwan (13 brands), applying the data in social media, and use text exploration and machine learning to find out the traits of suitable internet celebrities and the indicators of endorsement effect. First, the quantitative data of endorsement effect was acquired from the sponsored videos of these 13 sub-brands on YouTube (139 videos), and transformed into binary values by five methods (average, median, k-mean, hierarchical cluster analysis method for clustering ward''s method, hierarchical cluster analysis method for clustering between groups). At the same time, we also have the list of internet celebrities (20 people). Second, the data of the personality congruence between cosmetic brand and internet celebrity was transformed from their separate brand personality which were acquired from comments of Facebook fans page, and than we also have the two of brand concept. At last, to explore the effect of product relevance on the impact of brand congruence between cosmetic brand and internet celebrity on the effectiveness of endorsement, we analyzed the neural network model for the data of personality congruence, endorsement effect, and product relevance. The result confirms the importance of the brand-celebrity personality congruence and the product relevance to the effectiveness of endorsement theoretically. Through the neural network model, we discovered like and comment as the endorsement indicators are better than unlike and subscribe, and this can be inferred that the brand personality congruence affects on the interactive endorsement effect. Furthermore, the grouping method will change the proportion of the binary values, which in turn affects the prediction rate of the neural network model among different methods. After comparing the brand concept with subscribe, the popular celebrity with excitement and competence was discovered. Moreover, sincerity is better than ruggedness.