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Journal articles on the topic 'Relaxation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Bury, Peter, Peter Hockicko, and Miroslav Jamnický. "Transport and Relaxation Study of Ionic Phosphate Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.111.

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Dynamic processes in glassy materials with ionic conductivity are extremely important since the ion transport significantly affects their practical performance. Conductivity measurement and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy are powerful techniques that reflect the essential features of the transport and relaxational dynamics of the mobile ions that encounter different kinds of site and ionic hopping motion connected with charge mobility. Acoustic spectroscopy is another technique for the study of relaxations in glasses. In this contribution the acoustic and electrical relaxation processes are

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2

Suzuki, Yasuhito, Takahito Kano, Tsuyoshi Tomii, Nagisa Tsuji, and Akikazu Matsumoto. "Relaxation and Amorphous Structure of Polymers Containing Rigid Fumarate Segments." Polymers 14, no. 22 (2022): 4876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224876.

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The physical properties of polymers are significantly affected by relaxation processes. Recently, we reported that poly(diethyl fumarate) (PDEF) shows two thermal anomalies on DSC measurement, despite the fact that it is a homopolymer. We attribute these two relaxations α relaxation and β relaxation, respectively. In this study, we investigate the two relaxations of fumarate-containing polymers by DSC, solid-state NMR, and X-ray scattering. The two relaxations are present even in a copolymer of diethyl fumarate and ethyl acrylate with fumarate segments of 30%. We used poly(methyl methacrylate)

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3

Toda, Noboru. "Hemolysate Inhibits Cerebral Artery Relaxation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 8, no. 1 (1988): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.7.

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In helical strips of dog middle cerebral arteries partially contracted with prostaglandin (PG) F2α, relaxations induced by angiotensin-II, possibly mediated by PGI2, and those induced by PGH2 were reversed to a contraction or markedly reduced by treatment with hemolysate, which, however, attenuated the PGI2-induced relaxation only slightly. The relaxant response of human middle cerebral arterial strips to PGH2 was also suppressed by hemolysate. Dog and monkey middle cerebral arteries responded to transmural electrical stimulation and nicotine with transient relaxations, which were quite suscep

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4

Haruyama, Osami, and Sadao Yamada. "Density and Enthalpy Relaxation Behavior in a Bulk Pd₄₀Ni₄₀P₂₀ Metallic Glass." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1283.

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The kinetics of structural relaxation in a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass was investigated by the volume relaxation due to density experiments and the enthalpy relaxation due to specific heat experiments. A two-step relaxation process was found in the volume relaxation, while the enthalpy relaxation seemed to be one-step relaxation process with a spectrum of relaxation times. First-step volume relaxation only in as-quenched glass was the process with a spread of relaxation times at lower relaxing temperature, while a Debye-type relaxation behavior was observed at higher temperature near Tg an

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Chen, Jianyu, Shuai Ren, Zhe Chen та ін. "Unveiling Irreversible β-Relaxations in Metallic Glasses via Electrical Resistivity". Metals 15, № 2 (2025): 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020196.

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Dynamic relaxations play an important role in understanding the nature of glass. The conventional methods to explore dynamic relaxations rely on the measurement of mechanical and thermic properties, while new methods that may provide a new perspective to probe dynamic relaxation are desperately required. Here, we show that the β-relaxation of metallic glasses (MGs) can be unveiled by electrical resistivity (ER). Irreversible β-relaxation leads to an increment in electrical resistivity, which can be fitted by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation well. In contrast, the ER results of the initia

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6

Holloway, R. H., R. Penagini, and A. C. Ireland. "Criteria for objective definition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 268, no. 1 (1995): G128—G133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.1.g128.

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We developed and evaluated objective manometric criteria that define transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. In 23 normal subjects and 9 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, systematic analysis of swallow-induced LES relaxation showed that dry swallows preceded LES relaxation by a median of 1.4 s. The relaxation rate was always > 1 mmHg/s, the relaxation nadir always occurred within 7 s, and the duration of relaxation was < 9 s. During concurrent esophageal manometry and pH monitoring, 104 reflux episodes associated with a LES pressure fall that was not related t

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7

Kumar-Krishnan, Siva, Evgen Prokhorov, and Gabriel Luna-Barcenas. "Molecular relaxation in Chitosan films in GHz frequency range." MRS Proceedings 1613 (2014): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.162.

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ABSTRACTThe molecular relaxations behavior of chitosan (CS) films in the wide frequency range of 0.1-3x109 Hz (by using three different impedance analyzers) have been investigated in the temperature range of -100C to 120°C using Dielectric Spectroscopy (DS). Additionally to the low frequency molecular relaxations such as α and β relaxations, for the first time, high frequency (1-3 GHz) relaxation process has been observed in the chitosan films. This relaxation exhibits Arrhenius-type dependence in the temperature range of -100 C to 54°C with negative activation energy -2.7 kJ/mol. At temperatu

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8

Guo, Jin Quan, Wu Zhou Meng, Fei Li, and Li Xin Wang. "Creep Prediction From Stress Relaxation Coupled With Equivalent Relaxation Rate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1382.

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Several stress relaxation and creep tests of high temperature material are performed. According to the characteristics of stress relaxations and the superposition equation of diffusion and Maxwell equations of two stages, equivalent relaxation time and equivalent relaxation rate are proposed. Considering equivalent relaxation rate as the creep rate under constant stress, the relaxation-creep conversion model is built up and presented. Then the steady-state creep curve and creep rate are calculated. The results show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. It

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9

Hashimoto, M., L. A. Close, Y. Ishida, and R. J. Paul. "Dependence of endothelium-mediated relaxation on oxygen and metabolism in porcine coronary arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 1 (1993): H299—H306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.1.h299.

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Hypoxia has major effects on endothelium-dependent relaxation. To further understand the underlying mechanism(s), we investigated the O2 dependence of the endothelium-dependent relaxations elicited by ionophore A-23187 or agonists substance P (SP) or thrombin (TB) in porcine coronary arteries. A-23187 elicits an endothelium-dependent relaxation of KCl- or U-46619-induced contractures that can be described in terms of a rapid and slow phase. The duration of the relaxation was dose dependent. SP (10 nM) and TB (0.1 U/ml) also elicited endothelium-dependent relaxations that were rapid but transie

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10

Nagao, T., and P. M. Vanhoutte. "Hyperpolarization contributes to endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine in femoral veins of rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 4 (1991): H1034—H1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.4.h1034.

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The contribution of membrane hyperpolarization to endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by acetylcholine was investigated in the femoral vein of the rat using a microelectrode technique and isometric tension recordings. Acetylcholine caused endothelium-dependent relaxations and hyperpolarization in tissues contracted with norepinephrine. The relaxation was sustained during a prolonged exposure to acetylcholine (less than or equal to 10 min). In contrast, the hyperpolarization declined with time. In the presence of nitro-L-arginine, a blocker of nitric oxide synthesis, the relaxation became

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11

Yu, Peng, Cheng Fang, and Brian Williams. "Resolving Uncontrollable Conditional Temporal Problems Using Continuous Relaxations." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 24 (May 11, 2014): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v24i1.13623.

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Uncertainty is commonly encountered in temporal scheduling and planning problems, and can often lead to over-constrained situations. Previous relaxation algorithms for over-constrained temporal problems only work with requirement constraints, whose outcomes can be controlled by the agents. When applied to uncontrollable durations, these algorithms may only satisfy a subset of the random outcomes and hence their relaxations may fail during execution. In this paper, we present a new relaxation algorithm, Conflict-Directed Relaxation with Uncertainty (CDRU), which generates relaxations that resto

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12

Ristaniemi, Aapo, Dristi Regmi, Diponkor Mondal, et al. "Structure, composition and fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic properties of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 174 (2021): 20200737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0737.

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Tissue-level stress-relaxation of ligaments and tendons in the toe region is characterized by fast and long-term relaxations and an increase in relaxation magnitude with strain. Characterizing the compositional and structural origins of these phenomena helps in the understanding of mechanisms of ligament and tendon function and adaptation in health and disease. A three-step tensile stress-relaxation test was conducted on dumbbell-shaped pieces of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon (PT) ( n = 10 knees). Their mechanical behaviour was characterized by a fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic

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13

Suzuki, Shigeru, and Alfred Seeger. "Effect of Purity on Dislocation-Induced Relaxations in Molybdenum Single Crystals." Defect and Diffusion Forum 363 (May 2015): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.363.106.

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Dislocation-induced relaxations in different molybdenum single crystals were investigated by means of low-frequency internal friction measurements in the temperature range of 20–600 K. The results indicated that the appearance of the dislocation-induced relaxations strongly depends on the purity of the molybdenum, although the intrinsic dislocation relaxations appeared at about 100 K and 450 K in the high-purity molybdenum. The molybdenum containing a small amount of carbon did not exhibit the intrinsic dislocation relaxations but rather revealed a modulus increase due to the dislocation pinni

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14

Zhao, Binshan, Liping Wen, Li Xu, Xiujian Zhao, and Baoshun Liu. "The Effect of Cu(II) Nanoparticle Decoration on the Electron Relaxations and Gaseous Photocatalytic Oxidations of Nanocrystalline TiO2." Catalysts 13, no. 3 (2023): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030550.

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A photocatalytic effect arises from the electron relaxation of semiconductors. Directing the electron relaxation toward photocatalytic reactions is the focus of photocatalytic studies. Co-catalyst decoration is a main way to modulate the electron relaxation, and the Cu(II) nanoparticles have been widely studied as an important co-catalyst. However, the detailed mechanism is still not well known. The current study is devoted to investigating the effect of the Cu(II) nanoparticle decoration on the electron relaxations for TiO2 through in situ photochromism and photoconductances, based on which t

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15

Kohjitani, Atsushi, Takuya Miyawaki, Makoto Funahashi, Hitoshi Higuchi, Ryuji Matsuo, and Masahiko Shimada. "Ketamine and Midazolam Differentially Inhibit Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation in Rabbits." Anesthesiology 98, no. 2 (2003): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200302000-00026.

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Background The authors previously reported that ketamine and midazolam inhibited nitric oxide-mediated nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation nitric oxide-3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway modulation. The mechanisms inhibiting the NANC relaxation by ketamine and midazolam were investigated. Methods The isometric tension of circular distal esophageal muscle strips from Japanese White rabbits was examined. NANC relaxation was induced by KCl (30 mm) in the presence of atropine (3 x 10(-6) m) and guanethidine (3 x 10(-6) m). Nitric oxide synthase

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16

Laureckienė, Ginta, and Rimvydas Milašius. "Behaviour of Long-Lasting Stress Relaxation of Various Types of Yarns." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 4 (2017): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2017-0017.

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Abstract The main goal of this researcher is estimating of the possibility of long-lasting (even until 200,000 s) stress relaxation by empirical investigation, which was performed for a few thousands of seconds. The empirical investigations of longlasting stress relaxation of different types of yarns (multifilament polyester, cotton and woollen) at different levels of elongation, i.e. at 3%, 5%, 7% and 10%, were carried out. The method of long-lasting relaxation behaviour prediction by the break-point of relaxation rate as well as the linear dependence of second part of relaxation were used. I

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17

Tripodo, Antonio, Francesco Puosi, Marco Malvaldi, Simone Capaccioli, and Dino Leporini. "Coincident Correlation between Vibrational Dynamics and Primary Relaxation of Polymers with Strong or Weak Johari-Goldstein Relaxation." Polymers 12, no. 4 (2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040761.

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The correlation between the vibrational dynamics, as sensed by the Debye-Waller factor, and the primary relaxation in the presence of secondary Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation, has been investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. Two melts of polymer chains with different bond length, resulting in rather different strength of the JG relaxation are studied. We focus on the bond-orientation correlation function, exhibiting higher JG sensitivity with respect to alternatives provided by torsional autocorrelation function and intermediate scattering function. We find that, even if changin

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18

Kalia, Sapna, J. K. Sharma, and Vandana Sharma. "Study of Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Liquid Crystal Copolyester Vectra-A by Thermally Stimulated Discharge Current Technique." ISRN Polymer Science 2013 (March 27, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/590682.

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The dielectric relaxation behavior of thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester of 73% of p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (HBA) and 27% of 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid (HNA) (Vectra-A) at poling temperature 80°C has been studied using thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique in the temperature range from 15°C to 250°C. The TSD currents were obtained for different polarizing fields ranging from 3.8 kV/cm to 19.2 kV/cm. TSD current spectra in the temperature range from 15°C to 250°C show three current maxima around 25°C, 110°C, and 220°C. The maxima around 25°C and 110°C correspond to cha

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19

Hatano, Y., K. Mizumoto, T. Yoshiyama, M. Yamamoto, and H. Iranami. "Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation of isolated rat aorta induced by caffeine." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 5 (1995): H1679—H1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.5.h1679.

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Caffeine (10(-4)-10(-3) M) induced concentration-dependent relaxations of phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings with endothelium. Endothelial denudation significantly, but only partially, attenuated caffeine-induced relaxation. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine, oxyhemoglobin, and methylene blue attenuated the relaxations to an extent similar to endothelial denudation. Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) contents of aortic strips with endothelium increased significantly after exposure to caffeine (10(-3) M). Endothelial denudat

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20

Kroigaard, Christel, Thomas Dalsgaard, and Ulf Simonsen. "Mechanisms underlying epithelium-dependent relaxation in rat bronchioles: analogy to EDHF-type relaxation in rat pulmonary arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 298, no. 4 (2010): L531—L542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00220.2009.

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This study investigated the mechanisms underlying epithelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EpDHF)-type relaxation in rat bronchioles. Immunohistochemistry was performed, and rat bronchioles and pulmonary arteries were mounted in microvascular myographs for functional studies. An opener of small (SKCa) and intermediate (IKCa)-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, NS309 (6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime) was used to induce EpDHF-type relaxation. IKCa and SKCa3 positive immunoreactions were observed mainly in the epithelium and endothelium of bronchioles and arteries, respec

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MEVISSEN, MARTIN, and MASAKAZU KOJIMA. "SDP RELAXATIONS FOR QUADRATIC OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS DERIVED FROM POLYNOMIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 27, no. 01 (2010): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595910002533.

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Based on the convergent sequence of SDP relaxations for a multivariate polynomial optimization problem (POP) by Lasserre (2006), Waki et al. (2006) constructed a sequence of sparse SDP relaxations to solve sparse POPs efficiently. Nevertheless, the size of the sparse SDP relaxation is the major obstacle in order to solve POPs of higher degree. This paper proposes an approach to transform general POPs to quadratic optimization problems (QOPs), which allows to reduce the size of the SDP relaxation substantially. We introduce different heuristics resulting in equivalent QOPs and show how sparsity

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22

Najibi, S., C. L. Cowan, J. J. Palacino, and R. A. Cohen. "Enhanced role of potassium channels in relaxations to acetylcholine in hypercholesterolemic rabbit carotid artery." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 5 (1994): H2061—H2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.5.h2061.

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The effect of hypercholesterolemia for 10 wk on endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine was studied in isolated rings of rabbit carotid artery and abdominal aorta contracted with phenylephrine or elevated potassium. In these arteries obtained from hypercholesterolemic rabbits, endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were not significantly different from those of normal rabbits. In normal and hypercholesterolemic arteries, partial relaxation persisted in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which blocked acetylcholine-induced increases in arterial gua

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Diederich, D., J. Skopec, A. Diederich, and F. X. Dai. "Endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric resistance arteries of diabetic rats: role of free radicals." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 3 (1994): H1153—H1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.3.h1153.

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Diabetes was induced in rats by an injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Endothelium-dependent relaxations in mesenteric resistance arteries (luminal diameter 210 +/- 20 microns) of control and diabetic rats were compared in myographs. Acetylcholine induced endothelium-dependent relaxations that were mediated by nitric oxide (EDNO). EDNO-mediated relaxations were impaired in diabetic arteries; concentrations of acetylcholine required to produce 50% relaxation (ED50) of activated arteries were 5 nM in control and 13.5 nM in arteries from diabetic rats studied after 6 wk (P < 0.05). The imp

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Maryam Sribayani, Donny Tri Wahyudi, Sulidah Sulidah, Ana Damayanti, and Darni Darni. "Relaksasi Benson Terhadap Kecemasan Pasien Lansia Dengan Katarak Di RSUD dr. H. Jusuf SK." NAJ : Nursing Applied Journal 2, no. 1 (2024): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.57213/naj.v2i1.238.

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Cataract patients may experience anxiety due to a decrease in the sense of vision of the eye. coupled with surgery to overcome cataracts can increase anxiety in patients. Relaxation is an alternative to reducing anxiety. Relaxation is often used to describe a pleasant exercise with relaxation techniques used. One of the relaxations that can be used is Benson relaxation, which is a relaxation approach that involves patient trust. This study aims to analyze the benson relaxation of elderly patients with cataracts at RSUD dr. H Jusuf SK. The research method is quasi-experiment design one group pr

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Shahin, W., J. A. Murray, E. Clark, and J. L. Conklin. "Role of cGMP as a mediator of nerve-induced motor functions of the opossum esophagus." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, no. 3 (2000): G567—G574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.3.g567.

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Stimulation of esophageal nerves produces biphasic relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and an off response of circular esophageal muscle. Previously, we proposed that cGMP mediates nerve-induced hyperpolarization of circular LES muscle but not LES relaxation. These experiments explore whether cGMP mediates LES relaxation or the off response. Strips of muscle from the opossum esophagus and LES were connected to force-displacement transducers, placed in tissue baths containing oxygenated Krebs solution at 37°C, and stimulated by an electrical field. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3- a]qu

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Yang, L. Q., B. Huang, J. Yi та ін. "Influence of magnetic interaction on configurational-entropy-suppressed β-relaxations in FeNi-based metallic glasses". AIP Advances 12, № 6 (2022): 065304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088052.

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In this article, we studied the effect of magnetic interaction on β-relaxations of FexNi72−xSi4.8B19.2Nb4 (x = 0, 10, 30, 50, 72) metallic glasses (MGs). It is found that, with the substitution of Fe by Ni, the β-relaxation changes from a shoulder to an excess wing, suggesting an entropic effect on the suppression of β-relaxation. A peak caused by ferromagnetic transformation appears in the loss modulus curve of Fe30Ni42Si4.8B19.2Nb4 MG with suppressed β-relaxation, which is sensitive to stress and strain. In addition, the β-relaxation can be further varied by annealing under a transverse or l

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Eguchi, Daihiko, and Zvonimir S. Katusic. "Inhibitory effect of valves on endothelium-dependent relaxations to calcium ionophore in canine saphenous vein." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 2 (2001): H892—H898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.h892.

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The present study was designed to evaluate endothelium-dependent relaxation to the calcium ionophore A-23187 in isolated canine saphenous veins. Isometric force recordings and cGMP measurements using isolated veins with and without valves were performed. During contractions to U-46619 (3 × 10−7 M), endothelium-dependent relaxations to A-23187 (10−9–10−6 M) were significantly reduced in rings with valves compared with rings without valves. Endothelial removal abolished A-23187-induced relaxation. Relaxations to forskolin (FK; 10−8–10−5 M) and diethylaminodiazen-1-ium-1,2-dionate; DEA-NONOate, 1

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Oliveira, L. C., H. A. Gomide, and R. S. L. Rade. "Primary creep behaviour of polyester resins from multiple relaxation curves." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, no. 12 (2003): 1301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603322769947.

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Typical primary creep behaviour of a viscoelastoplastic material is shown when varying the temperature and the time rate of strain (of a previous tension). The creep behaviour is obtained from the tension test with multiple relaxations, where a numerical procedure is used in order to obtain creep curves from a series of relaxation curves. This test methodology allows interrelated tension, relaxation and creep behaviours to be obtained from one single test. The materials tested are proportional to the weight mixtures of rigid/flexible polyester resins with hardeners, generally used as model mat

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Ivanov, Ivan T., and Boyana K. Paarvanova. "Role of Plasma Membrane at Dielectric Relaxations and Intermembrane Interaction in Human Erythrocytes." Membranes 13, no. 7 (2023): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070658.

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Dielectric relaxations at 1.4 MHz (βsp) and 9 MHz (γ1sp) on the erythrocyte spectrin network were studied by dielectric spectroscopy using dense suspensions of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghost membranes, subjected to extraction with up to 0.2% volume Triton-X-100. The step-wise extraction of up to 60% of membrane lipids preserved γ1sp and gradually removed βsp-relaxation. On increasing the concentration up to 100 mM of NaCl at either side of erythrocyte plasma membranes, the βsp-relaxation was linearly enhanced, while the strength of γ1sp-relaxation remained unchanged. In media with NaCl bet

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SHARMA, R. R. K., and A. MURALIDHAR. "A NEW FORMULATION AND RELAXATION OF THE SIMPLE PLANT LOCATION PROBLEM." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 26, no. 01 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595909002122.

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In this paper a new formulation of the simple plant location problem (SPLP) is given that uses the style of Sharma and Sharma (European Journal of Operational Research, 122(3), 37–48). When the integer restrictions are relaxed, it results in a new relaxation of SPLP that is different from the already well known "strong" and "weak" relaxation of SPLP. It is shown that the bound given by the new relaxation is worse than the bound given by "strong relaxation" of SPLP. However, a numerical example illustrates that the bound given by the new relaxation can at times be better than the bound given by

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Das, Chinmay, and Daniel J. Read. "A tube model for predicting the stress and dielectric relaxations of polydisperse linear polymers." Journal of Rheology 67, no. 3 (2023): 693–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000605.

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We present an algorithm to predict the linear relaxation spectra for linear polymers of fully general and arbitrary polydispersity. As is common in the tube theory descriptions of linear polymers, we assume that the stress relaxation is affected by both the constraint release and tube escape modes, but unlike most existing descriptions we consider how these two modes of relaxation affect each other. We argue that the proper description for relaxation in an arbitrary blend of linear polymers requires consideration of multiple embedded tubes affecting the different relaxation pathways; we propos

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Peng, Si-Xu, Yudong Cheng, Julian Pries, Shuai Wei, Hai-Bin Yu та Matthias Wuttig. "Uncovering β-relaxations in amorphous phase-change materials". Science Advances 6, № 2 (2020): eaay6726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6726.

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Relaxation processes are decisive for many physical properties of amorphous materials. For amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs) used in nonvolatile memories, relaxation processes are, however, difficult to characterize because of the lack of bulk samples. Here, instead of bulk samples, we use powder mechanical spectroscopy for powder samples to detect the prominent excess wings—a characteristic feature of β-relaxations—in a series of amorphous PCMs at temperatures below glass transitions. By contrast, β-relaxations are vanishingly small in amorphous chalcogenides of similar composition, whi

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Williams, S. P., G. W. Dorn, and R. M. Rapoport. "Prostaglandin I2 mediates contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 267, no. 2 (1994): H796—H803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.2.h796.

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Prostaglandin (PG) I2 elicits a biphasic concentration-response curve in rat aorta: lower concentrations elicit relaxation, whereas at higher concentrations, the relaxation is reversed. The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the nature of the receptors that mediate these effects and 2) whether the relaxant efficacy of PGI2 is decreased at higher PGI2 concentrations by PGI2-induced contraction. PGI2 (1 microM), the stable PGI2 analogue carbacyclin (1 microM), and PGE1 (3 microM) induced maximal relaxations of 55, 40, and 63%, respectively, of norepinephrine-contracted aorta, whereas hi

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Setiyono, Agus, Yeni Kartika Sari, and Yohanes Kusuma Pribadi. "The Effect of Benson Relaxation on Anxiety Levels In Major Surgical Preoperative Patients in the Dahlia Room Mardi Waluyo Blitar Hospital." Health Gate 1, no. 4 (2023): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.70111/hg1404.

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Surgery can cause excessive fear and anxiety and can lead to complications. To reduce anxiety, non-pharmacological techniques is Benson Relaxation Therapi which is carried out by deep breathing and accompanied by beliefs held by the patient to achieve a relaxed state. Population on this research is preoperative major surgery patients. Sampling technique with Purposive Sampling 22 respondent. This research method : Quasy Experimental with One Group Pre-Test Post-Test, using questionnaire sheets, Standard Operating Procedures of Benson’s Relaxations, and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test analysis. The pur

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Setiyono, Agus, Yeni Kartika Sari, and Yohanes Kusuma Pribadi. "The Effect of Benson Relaxation on Anxiety Levels In Major Surgical Preoperative Patients in the Dahlia Room Mardi Waluyo Blitar Hospital." Health Gate 1, no. 4 (2023): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/hg1404.

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Surgery can cause excessive fear and anxiety and can lead to complications. To reduce anxiety, non-pharmacological techniques is Benson Relaxation Therapi which is carried out by deep breathing and accompanied by beliefs held by the patient to achieve a relaxed state. Population on this research is preoperative major surgery patients. Sampling technique with Purposive Sampling 22 respondent. This research method : Quasy Experimental with One Group Pre-Test Post-Test, using questionnaire sheets, Standard Operating Procedures of Benson’s Relaxations, and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test analysis. The pur

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Ohhashi, T., and N. Takahashi. "Acetylcholine-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from lymphatic endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 4 (1991): H1172—H1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.4.h1172.

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Ring segments of dog thoracic ducts precontracted with a high concentration of norepinephrine (NE) relaxed in a concentration-dependent manner in response to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Pretreatment with atropine inhibited the ACh-induced relaxation in a competitive manner. The Schild plot showed a slope of 1.1 +/- 0.2 and a pA2 value of 10.4 +/- 0.4 (n = 6 ring segments). Removal of endothelium caused a complete inhibition of the ACh-induced relaxations in precontracted dog thoracic ducts. ACh, which failed to relax precontraction of the ring segment when mounted separa

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Kähönen, Mika, Kirsi Karjala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, et al. "Influence of chronic ethanol consumption on arterial tone in young and aged rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 276, no. 2 (1999): H464—H471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.2.h464.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of long-term ethanol consumption on arterial responses in vitro in young and aged rats. Therefore, Wistar rats (ages 3 and 29 mo, respectively) were allocated to six groups: control-young, sucrose-young, ethanol-young, control-aged, sucrose-aged, and ethanol-aged. The ethanol-fed groups were given 25% ethanol by intragastric gavage three times a day 4 days a week. Responses of mesenteric arterial rings were examined in standard organ chambers after 5 treatment weeks. In norepinephrine-precontracted arterial rings, endothelium-dependent relaxatio

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Suh, Daewoong, and Reinhold H. Dauskardt. "Mechanical Relaxation Time Scales in a Zr–Ti–Ni–Cu–Be Bulk Metallic Glass." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 6 (2002): 1254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0188.

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The relaxation time scales in a commercial-grade Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glass were examined using transient and dynamic mechanical experiments. The viscoelastic and sub-Tg relaxations were well described by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts relaxation function. A large activation energy (4.0 eV) and small nonexponentiality parameter (approximately 0.5) were observed for viscoelastic relaxation above Tg consistent with the cooperative nature of atomic movements leading ultimately to viscous flow. Conversely, a small activation energy (0.1 eV) and large nonexponentiality

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Decressain, R., and L. Carpentier. "Influence of the preparation method (thermal quench, ball-milling, dehydration and freeze-drying) on the dynamical properties of glassy trehalose." Physica Scripta 99, no. 7 (2024): 075965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad5115.

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Abstract Dielectric relaxation measurements have been performed on the glassy states of trehalose reached using different routes of amorphisation: thermal quench of the liquid state, milling of the anhydrous crystalline form, freeze-drying and dehydration of the dihydrate crystalline form. This study has revealed that all the glassy states are characterized by two relaxation processes respectively attributed to the slow Johari-Goldstein mode and to fast secondary intramolecular relaxations. These sub-Tg secondary relaxations are however strikingly different in the four glassy states revealing

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Masuda, Hitoshi, Toshihiko Tsujii, Tetsuo Okuno, Kazunori Kihara, Moritaka Goto, and Hiroshi Azuma. "Accumulated endogenous NOS inhibitors, decreased NOS activity, and impaired cavernosal relaxation with ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 282, no. 6 (2002): R1730—R1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00277.2001.

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We examined whether endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis are involved in the impaired cavernosal relaxation with ischemia in rabbits. Two weeks after cavernosal ischemia caused by partial vessel occlusion, endothelium-dependent and electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced neurogenic NO-mediated relaxations, but not sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation, were significantly impaired in the isolated corpus cavernosum. The Ca2+-dependent NO synthase (NOS) activity and the basal and stimulated cGMP productions with carbachol or EFS were significantly decreased after ischem

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Yetik-Anacak, Gunay, Tian Xia, Christiana Dimitropoulou, Richard C. Venema, and John D. Catravas. "Effects of hsp90 binding inhibitors on sGC-mediated vascular relaxation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 1 (2006): H260—H268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01027.2005.

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Vascular soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) exists in multimeric complexes with endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). Whereas disruption of hsp90-eNOS complexes clearly attenuates eNOS-dependent vascular relaxation, the contribution of sGC-hsp90 complexes to eNOS- or NO donor-dependent relaxations remains unclear. Isolated rat thoracic aortic rings were preincubated with structurally diverse hsp90 binding inhibitors, radicicol (RA) or geldanamycin (GA), or vehicle for 0.5, 1, or 15 h. Preconstricted vessels were exposed to ACh, 8-bromo-cGMP (8-BrcGMP), f

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Yi, Xiu-Yu, Kathryn M. Gauthier, Lijie Cui, Kasem Nithipatikom, John R. Falck та William B. Campbell. "Metabolism of adrenic acid to vasodilatory 1α,1β-dihomo-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by bovine coronary arteries". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292, № 5 (2007): H2265—H2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00947.2006.

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Adrenic acid (docosatetraenoic acid), an abundant fatty acid in the vasculature, is produced by a two-carbon chain elongation of arachidonic acid. Despite its abundance and similarity to arachidonic acid, little is known about its role in the regulation of vascular tone. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of bovine coronary artery and endothelial cell lysates revealed arachidonic acid concentrations of 2.06 ± 0.01 and 6.18 ± 0.60 μg/mg protein and adrenic acid concentrations of 0.29 ± 0.01 and 1.56 ± 0.16 μg/mg protein, respectively. In bovine coronary arterial rings preconstricted

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ChongNak Son. "Relaxation Techniques, Relaxation Theories, and Relaxation States." Korean Journal of Health Psychology 17, no. 4 (2012): 793–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.4.003.

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Ishiguchi, Tadashi, Toku Takahashi, Hidekazu Itoh, and Chung Owyang. "Nitrergic and purinergic regulation of the rat pylorus." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, no. 4 (2000): G740—G747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.4.g740.

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The role of nitric oxide (NO) and ATP in the regulation of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory transmission in the pylorus remains unclear. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine, electric field stimulation induced NANC relaxations in a frequency-dependent manner (1–20 Hz) in the rat pylorus. NANC relaxations were significantly inhibited by N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 10−4 M). P2Xpurinoceptor antagonist pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid (PPADS; 3 × 10−5 M) and P2Y purinoceptor antagonist reactive blue 2 (2 × 10−5 M) had no effect on NANC rel

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Cheng, Zhongjian, Xiaohua Jiang, Warren D. Kruger, et al. "Hyperhomocysteinemia impairs endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor–mediated vasorelaxation in transgenic cystathionine beta synthase–deficient mice." Blood 118, no. 7 (2011): 1998–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-01-333310.

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Abstract Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED), but the mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of HHcy-induced ED in microvasculature in our newly established mouse model of severe HHcy (plasma total homocysteine, 169.5μM). We found that severe HHcy impaired nitric oxide (NO)– and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)–mediated, endothelium-dependent relaxations of small mesenteric arteries (SMAs). Endothelium-independent and prostacyclin-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations were not changed. A

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HAMILTON, C. A., G. BERG, K. MCARTHUR, J. L. REID, and A. F. DOMINICZAK. "Does potassium channel opening contribute to endothelium-dependent relaxation in human internal thoracic artery?" Clinical Science 96, no. 6 (1999): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0960631.

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Opening of potassium channels can cause hyperpolarization and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the contribution of potassium channel activation to vasorelaxation in internal thoracic artery taken from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Relaxations to carbachol and sodium nitroprusside were studied in isolated rings of internal thoracic artery in the absence and presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and potassium channel blockers. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitors Nω-nitro-⌊-arginine methyl ester and NG-monometh

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Wang, Na, Xuebang Wu та C. S. Liu. "Opposite Effects of SiO2 Nanoparticles on the Local α and Larger-Scale α’ Segmental Relaxation Dynamics of PMMA Nanocomposites". Polymers 11, № 6 (2019): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11060979.

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The segmental relaxation dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica (PMMA/SiO2) nanocomposites with different compositions ( ϕ SiO 2 ) near and above the glass transition temperature were investigated by mechanical spectroscopy. At ϕ SiO 2 ≤ 0.5%, the α peak temperature hardly changes with ϕ SiO 2 , but that of α’ relaxation composed of Rouse and sub-Rouse modes decreases by 15 °C due to the increase of free volume. At ϕ SiO 2 ≥ 0.7%, both α and α’ relaxations shift to high temperatures because of the steric hindrance introduced by nanoparticle agglomeration. On the other hand, with increasi

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Sukcharoen, Kijvanish, Nitikorn Noraphaiphipaksa, Anat Hasap, and Chaosuan Kanchanomai. "Experimental and Numerical Evaluations of Localized Stress Relaxation for Vulcanized Rubber." Polymers 14, no. 5 (2022): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050873.

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Vulcanized rubbers are commonly used to provide the energy absorption under compressive deformation from other engineering components. However, if a constant compressive deformation is maintained on rubber, the load response is not constant but decreases with time; i.e., the stress relaxation. A decrease in force response with time of rubber can be experimentally evaluated by the stress relaxation test. In the present work, the localized stress of vulcanized rubber during a compressive stress relaxation test (i.e., ASTM D6147) was evaluated. Hyperelastic behavior was assumed during rapid appli

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Dingwell, Donald B., and Sharon L. Webb. "Relaxation in silicate melts." European Journal of Mineralogy 2, no. 4 (1990): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2/4/0427.

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Mearin, Fermín, and Juan-R. Malagelada. "Complete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation observed in some achalasia patients is functionally inadequate." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 278, no. 3 (2000): G376—G383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.3.g376.

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Generally accepted manometric criteria for the diagnosis of achalasia are absent peristalsis and incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. However, in some patients with otherwise typical features of achalasia, esophageal manometry shows complete LES relaxation during swallowing. To establish whether such apparently complete LES relaxations are functionally adequate, we quantified changes in resistance to flow at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) during wet swallowing. We studied seven achalasia patients with manometrically complete (>80%) LES relaxation, eight achalasia pati

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