Journal articles: 'Relaxation pictures'

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Nielsen, Elinor, Ingrid Wåhlin, and Gunilla Hollman Frisman. "Evaluating Pictures of Nature and Soft Music on Anxiety and Well-Being During Elective Surgery." Open Nursing Journal 12, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874434601812010058.

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Background:Patients going through surgery being awake often have a sense of anxiety and need support to relax.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate whether looking at pictures of natural scenery could reduce anxiety and pain and increase relaxation and well-being being awake during the elective surgery.Methods:This three-arm, randomized intervention study consisted of one group viewing pictures of natural scenery, one group listening to soft instrumental music, and one control group without distraction, all adult patients (n=174). The State Trait Anxiety Inventory short form and a visual analogue scale on well-being were used as well as sedation treatment if necessary.Results:No differences related to anxiety after surgery were found among the three groups. When controlling for the effect of sedative treatment, however, patients without sedation had a lower degree of anxiety postoperatively (p=0.014). Younger patients had a higher degree of anxiety and lower degree of postoperative relaxation and well-being.Conclusion:Viewing pictures of natural scenery while being awake during elective surgery is as relaxing as listening to soft instrumental music. Offering nature scenery pictures for patients to view could be relaxing during the elective surgery.

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Ferres, Kim, Timo Schloesser, and Peter A. Gloor. "Predicting Dog Emotions Based on Posture Analysis Using DeepLabCut." Future Internet 14, no. 4 (March 22, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14040097.

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This paper describes an emotion recognition system for dogs automatically identifying the emotions anger, fear, happiness, and relaxation. It is based on a previously trained machine learning model, which uses automatic pose estimation to differentiate emotional states of canines. Towards that goal, we have compiled a picture library with full body dog pictures featuring 400 images with 100 samples each for the states “Anger”, “Fear”, “Happiness” and “Relaxation”. A new dog keypoint detection model was built using the framework DeepLabCut for animal keypoint detector training. The newly trained detector learned from a total of 13,809 annotated dog images and possesses the capability to estimate the coordinates of 24 different dog body part keypoints. Our application is able to determine a dog’s emotional state visually with an accuracy between 60% and 70%, exceeding human capability to recognize dog emotions.

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Eyetsemitan, Frank. "An Exploratory Study of the Emotion-Expressive Behaviors of “Peace,” “Contentment,” and “Annoyed/Irritated”: Implications for Dead and Living Faces." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 48, no. 1 (February 2004): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cmfh-vmek-jq81-d0hy.

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This study initially set out to explore the facial features (and their descriptions) of the emotion-expressive behaviors of “peace” and “contentment” but ended up with a third one, “annoyed/irritated.” The emotion-expressive behaviors of “peace” and “contentment” have been associated with the faces of deceased persons in a previous study. The pictures of two volunteers taken during a class on relaxation technique were given to 93 respondents made up of volunteer students from a small midwestern college and volunteer residents of a nursing home (see Appendix A and B). Participants were asked to choose from a list provided them the emotion-expressive behavior (“e.g., peace, content, hopeful, other”) that closely described each of the facial pictures presented. They were also asked to both identify and describe the facial feature(s) that closely matched the emotion-expressive behavior they had chosen. Most of the respondents identified Picture #1 as “peaceful” and Picture 2 as “annoyed/irritated.” The eyes and the mouth were more salient in describing both emotions. This study has implications for those who identify loved ones before viewing; for individuals who prepare deceased persons for viewing; for embalming educators; and for actors of these emotions.

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Menezes, Carolina B., Mirtes G. Pereira, and Lisiane Bizarro. "Six weeks of meditation training influences response bias in a discrimination task with emotional distractors." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 7 (June 22, 2012): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc7(1)626.

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Introduction: Focused attention meditation is the voluntary focusing of attention on a chosen object in a sustained fashion, whose objective is to develop attentional and emotional regulatory skills./objective: We investigated the effect of a six-week focused attention meditation training on a discrimination task with emotional distractors by comparing participants’ discriminability and bias before and after training. Method: College students were randomly assigned to either focused meditation (N=35), progressive relaxation (N=37), or control groups (N=28). 120 neutral and 120 emotional - negative and arousing – pictures (9º x 12º), flanked by two peripheral bars (0.3º x 0.3º), equidistant from the centre of the picture (9º), were equally and randomly distributed and displayed among three blocks, one with low attentional (LA) and two with high attentional demand (HA). Participants indicated if bars were parallel or not by pressing one of two buttons. In LA and HA conditions, respectively, bars differed with 90º and 6º in half of the trials. Trials started with a fixation cross (1500ms) followed by the pictures and bars (200ms). Next, a chessboard remained on the screen until a response was given or for 2000ms. Results: Mixed-design ANOVAs showed no discriminability difference across groups (meditation=26; relaxation=24; control=24) pre-post training; only task difficulty affected discriminability [F(1,68) = 739.8, p < .001; LA > HA]. Response bias was affected by difficulty [F(1,68) = 81.2, p < .001; LA < HA], and testing session [F(1,68) = 23.1, p < .001; pre > post]. Additionally, there was a significant difficulty × session × group interaction [F(2,68) = 4.02, p = .02]: meditation (M = .58, SE =.36) and relaxation (M = .65, SE =.36) presented a reduction in response bias relative to control (M = .69, SE =.37), but only after training in the HA condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The reduction in response bias suggests that meditation and relaxation can affect decision making in a difficult perceptual discrimination task. Meditation showed the highest bias reduction, consistent with previous results linking meditation to attention and monitoring processes.

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Jiang, Mingyan, Ahmad Hassan, Qibing Chen, and Yinggao Liu. "Effects of different landscape visual stimuli on psychophysiological responses in Chinese students." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 7 (August 18, 2019): 1006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19870578.

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Human–plant interactions have positive effects on human health. However, the effects of plants and the environment on psychophysiological responses have not been thoroughly explored. This study examined the physiological (electroencephalography (EEG)) and psychological (the semantic differential method (SDM) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)) responses of adults viewing different landscape pictures. The physiological responses of 50 Chinese students were recorded by measuring blood pressure and EEG, and psychological responses were measured using the STAI and SDM. The following treatments were assessed: (1) urban city traffic photographs (control), T0; (2) garden landscape photographs, T1; (3) natural scenery landscape photographs, T2; (4) forest landscape photographs, T3 and (5) city landscape photographs, T4. Students’ blood pressure was lowered after visual stimulation with different landscape pictures than with the control. In the (SDM) evaluation, students felt more natural, relaxed and comfortable after viewing landscape pictures and had low anxiety scores. EEG results showed higher alpha, beta, delta, theta and gamma frequencies after visual stimulation with landscape pictures than with the control. In conclusion, different landscape pictures have psychophysiological relaxation effects on adults.

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Bakker, C. J. G., C. N. de Graaf, and P. van Dijk. "Calculation of Zero-Crossing and Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time Pictures in Inversion Recovery NMR Imaging." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering BME-32, no. 7 (July 1985): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1985.325571.

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Ke, Da, Wei Zhong, Sergey V. Dmitriev, and Daxing Xiong. "Unconventional relaxation of hydrodynamic modes in anharmonic chains under strong pressure fluctuations." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55, no. 5 (January 12, 2022): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac463d.

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Abstract We develop an effective numerical scheme to capture hydrodynamic (HD) modes in general classical anharmonic chains. This scheme is based on the HD theory suggested by Ernst–Hauge–van Leeuwen, which takes full role of pressure fluctuations into account. With this scheme we show that the traditional pictures given by the current nonlinear fluctuating HD theory are valid only when the system’s pressure is zero and the pressure fluctuations are weak. For nonvanishing pressure, the HD modes can, however, respond to small and large pressure fluctuations and relax in some distinct manners. Our results shed new light on understanding thermal transport from the perspective of HD theory.

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Sartory, G. "FC25-01 - Effects of additional exposure to psychoeducation and relaxation in acute stress disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73656-2.

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IntroductionMeta-analytic studies found exposure to be the most effective treatment in PTSD. Results are less clear with regard to acute stress disorder.ObjectivesTo evaluate the additional effect of exposure therapy to supportive counseling.AimsThe assessment of subjective measures and the heart-rate (HR) response to trauma reminders in the two treatment conditions.MethodsForty recent trauma victims with acute stress disorder were randomly assigned to three sessions of either prolonged exposure (PE) or supportive counseling (SC) with both groups also receiving psychoeducation and progressive relaxation. PE was administered imaginal and in vivo, both being therapist-assisted. Assessments were carried out before and after treatment and again after three months. Patients were shown ideosyncratic trauma-related pictures and autonomic responses assessed. Four years later, patients were asked by telephone whether they had required further treatment.ResultsThere were no significant group differences with regard to symptomatic improvement at the end of treatment. Before treatment both groups showed HR acceleration to trauma-related pictures. After treatment the PE group showed attenuation of the HR-response and a reduction of spontaneous skin conductance fluctuations (SF) whereas the SC group showed a decelerative (orienting) HR response and an increase in SF. Over the next four years 43% of the SC group and and 9% of the PE group required further treatment.ConclusionThe data show that SC, unlike PE, fails to attenuate autonomic responses to trauma-related stimuli suggesting that the former treatment fails to reorganize the trauma network.

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Lanzinger, Johannes, Julia Neukam, and Christian Dingemann. "Expositionstherapie mit Virtual Reality bei Blut-, Verletzungs- und Spritzenphobie. Eine Fallstudie." Digital Psychology 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/dp.v2i1.1863.

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This case study describes the treatment of a patient with a blood-injection-injury type phobia including fainting and severe avoidance behavior, with the use of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET). The patient has been treated over the course of 10 sessions. A variety of techniques from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy such as psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, relaxation exercises and exposure therapy with pictures, videos and a Virtual Reality (VR) blood draw have been used. Results: Over the course of the treatment, the fear was significantly reduced leading to a successful blood draw two days after the last session. In the year following the treatment the patient did several successful blood draws, all without fainting and without a significant fear response.

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Jacob, Reenu, and Jayakumari Isac. "Dielectric Response and Transport Properties of Pb2Sr2CaCu2O9 [Lead Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide]." Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences 01, no. 02 (June 2017): 1750003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424942417500037.

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High dielectric permittivity, good mechanical properties and excellent thermal stability are highly desired qualities for the dielectric materials used in embedded capacitors and energy-storage devices. This study reports the temperature dependence and very low loss factor of Pb2Sr2CaCu2O9 ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to analyze the sample. The dielectric properties of the material prepared has been investigated in the frequency range 42–1[Formula: see text]MHz and in the temperature range 303–873[Formula: see text]K. The result reveals that Pb2Sr2CaCu2O9 have high dielectric constant with significant temperature and frequency dependence which makes them appropriate in the application of miniaturization of electronic devices. The dielectric constant and the loss factor decreases with increase in frequency of the applied field. Impedance studies confirm that dielectric relaxation in the material is of non-Debye type. Conductivity studies proves quality information related to the charge transport properties. The frequency analysis of modulus properties pictures a distribution of the relaxation time existing in the system. The new ceramic material Pb2Sr2CaCu2O9 will be a promising candidate for uses in embedded capacitors, especially in high-temperature circumstance.

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Danel, Dariusz P., Agnieszka E. Siennicka, Pawel Fedurek, Tomasz Frackowiak, Piotr Sorokowski, Ewa A. Jankowska, and Boguslaw Pawlowski. "Men With a Terminal Illness Relax Their Criteria for Facial Attractiveness." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2017): 1247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988317692504.

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According to the life history paradigm, in life-threatening conditions, sexual selection criteria are relaxed in order to increase the probability of a last resort reproduction, ultimately contributing to reproductive success. This should be reflected in loosened mating preferences — a process observed in nonhuman animals. Studies investigating this aspect in humans, however, are scarce. This study explored the aesthetic preferences towards facial and nonfacial stimuli in terminally ill patients with heart failure (HF) and their healthy, same-sex peers. The aim was to examine if these two groups of men demonstrate different patterns of aesthetic judgments. Using a 7-point scale, 65 male patients with HF and 143 healthy men evaluated the perceived attractiveness of 15 photographs (five adult male faces, five adult female faces, and five nonfacial pictures). A mixed-design analysis of variance was run to assess group differences in aesthetic preferences. Compared to healthy controls, stimuli. HF patients rated the pictures using significantly higher scores, but this applied only to male and female, but not nonfacial, stimuli. We propose that lower criteria for facial attractiveness in HF patients are linked to relaxation of mate preferences as a result of a life-threatening conditions, and that this process can be an adaptive mating strategy from an ultimate, evolutionary perspective. However, other mechanisms (e.g., seeking social support) may be also responsible for the observed patterns.

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Singh, Nripendra, and Kristen Kealey. "Understanding Millennials’ Motivations to Visit State Parks." Events and Tourism Review 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23259.

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Many state parks have been identified as National Natural Landmarks as a result of their extraordinary representation of flora, fauna, and geological resources. While many state park’s scenic stretches of flowing rivers and large lakes are popular for canoeing, kayaking, and tubing, it’s influence on millennials is worth studying. This study aims to understand millennials’ motivations to visit state parks and the influence of pictures of the outdoor activities on social media. Push factors of motivation such as sightseeing, social interaction, and relaxation, and pull factors such as local activities, amenities, variety, and uniqueness were used to assess their preferences. Data was collected using an online survey on Qualtrics platform from undergraduate students at a state university in Pennsylvania. This study is unique as it focuses on millennials’ motivations to visit state parks, which is not heard in the literature.

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Lehto, Xinran Y., Xiaoxiao Fu, Hanliang Li, and Lingqiang Zhou. "Vacation Benefits and Activities." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 41, no. 3 (July 27, 2016): 301–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348013515921.

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Family as a travel unit is an emerging phenomenon in China. This market segment, however, has not received as much scholarly attention as it deserves. This study investigated the vacation benefits that Chinese families pursue and their destination activity participation. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions of vacation benefits sought, namely, Communication and Togetherness, Shared Exploration, Escape and Relaxation, and Experiential Learning for Children. Taking pictures and videos was noted to be the most prevalent activity that Chinese family travelers were engaged in. This study further explored the interrelationships between the benefit-sought domains and destination activities. The results identified significant linkages between the two. The uncovered associations suggested that vacation activities served as a functional means to an end for Chinese families. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were discussed, followed by recommendations for future research.

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Saherna, Jenny, and Agung Widianingsih. "Guided Imagery of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techiques as Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Health Media 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55756/hm.v2i2.63.

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Guided imagery a method of delivering a treatment that makes it easier for someone to follow the recommended orders practicically, by looking at the steps through clear illustrated guides. Progressive muscle relaxation technique (PMR) is one of the independent nursing interventions that is easy to do by looking at the guide through pictures. It aims to help control blood glucose levels. This therapy maximizes muscle and breathing exercises, this technique also has a good impact on reducing anxiety, stress, fatigue, improving sleep quality and quality of life of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research method used pre-experimental design with static group comparison. the test results obtained a value of P=0.030 (P-Value <0.05) the meaning that there is an average difference in the results of blood glucose levels before and after in the treatment group and the control group, namely 131.13 mg/dl, before giving the PMR technique an average result of blood glucose is 304.63 mg/dl. The conclusion is that the PMR technoique is recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to help blood glucose control.

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Shulga, Dmitry A., Dmitry I. Osolodkin, Vladimir A. Palyulin, and Nikolay S. Zefirov. "Simulation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Dynamics in Manzamine A as a Sensitive Test for Charge Distribution Quality." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 3 (March 2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700306.

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Subtle balance of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bond strength in aqueous solutions often governs the structure and dynamics of molecular species used as potential drugs and in supramolecular applications. In silico molecular dynamics study of water solution of manzamine A has been performed with different atomic charges in order to investigate the influence of charge distribution choice on predicting qualitative and quantitative features of the simulated systems. Various well known charge schemes (MK-ESP, RESP, Mulliken, AM1-BCC, Gasteiger-Hückel, Gasteiger-Marsili, MMFF94, and Dynamic Electronegativity Relaxation - DENR) led to qualitatively different pictures of dynamic behavior of the intramolecular hydrogen bond. The reported calculation framework represents a relatively rare case where differences in charge distributions lead to noticeable differences in simulated properties, thus providing a useful test case for force field and charge distribution development, provided high quality experiments are conducted to use as references.

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Chen, Zijun, Huiyi Xu, Chunyan Cao, Xiaoting Chen, Min Zhang, Minkun Jian, Yuechan Li, and An Xie. "Synthesis, Luminescent Properties and White LED Fabrication of Sm3+ Doped Lu2WMoO9." Coatings 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040403.

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In this paper, Sm3+ doped Lu2W0.5Mo0.5O6, Lu2WMoO9, and Lu2(W0.5Mo0.5O4)3 materials were synthesized by using a two-step solid-state reaction method. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electronic micrograph (FE-SEM) pictures, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, and temperature-dependent emission intensities. Orange-reddish light could be observed from the phosphors under ultraviolet (UV) 365 nm light. The Sm3+ doped Lu2WMoO9 had enhanced PL intensities compared to the other two materials. The excitation, the energy transfer, the nonradiative relaxation, and the emission processes were illustrated by using schematic diagrams of Sm3+ in Lu2MoWO9. The optimal Sm3+ doping concentration was explored in the enhancing luminescence of Lu2WMoO9. By combing the Sm3+ doped Lu2WMoO9 to UV 365 nm chips, near white lighting emitting diode (W-LED) were obtained. The phosphor can be used in single phosphor-based UV W-LEDs.

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Chen, Zhanghui, Jun-Wei Luo, and Lin-Wang Wang. "Revealing angular momentum transfer channels and timescales in the ultrafast demagnetization process of ferromagnetic semiconductors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 39 (September 9, 2019): 19258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907246116.

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Ultrafast control of magnetic order by light provides a promising realization for spintronic devices beyond Moore’s Law and has stimulated intense research interest in recent years. Yet, despite 2 decades of debates, the key question of how the spin angular momentum flows on the femtosecond timescale remains open. The lack of direct first-principle methods and pictures for such process exacerbates the issue. Here, we unravel the laser-induced demagnetization mechanism of ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs, using an efficient time-dependent density functional theory approach that enables the direct real-time snapshot of the demagnetization process. Our results show a clear spin-transfer trajectory from the localized Mn-d electrons to itinerant carriers within 20 fs, illustrating the dominant role of sp−d interaction. We find that the total spin of localized electrons and itinerant carriers is not conserved in the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Immediately after laser excitation, a growing percentage of spin-angular momentum is quickly transferred to the electron orbital via SOC in about 1 ps, then slowly to the lattice via electron–phonon coupling in a few picoseconds, responsible for the 2-stage process observed experimentally. The spin-relaxation time via SOC is about 300 fs for itinerant carriers and about 700 fs for Mn-d electrons. These results provide a quantum-mechanical microscopic picture for the long-standing questions regarding the channels and timescales of spin transfer, as well as the roles of different interactions underlying the GaMnAs demagnetization process.

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Ramazaniandarzi, Ali Akbar, Yohan Nik, Mahdi Hajivand, and Mohammad Reza Sattari. "Iranian Students’ Specific Life Style and Leisure Time; a Case Study of University of Tehran." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i1.156.

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Leisure time as a modern social is being focused these days, albeit any sort of interest isn't specifically arranged under it. Inside this exploration the framing encounters of necessities and styles of college students were examined. In this examination it has been attempted by using Bourdieu hypothesis the exploration questions are proposed. The members of the examination are for the most part female and male understudies University of Tehran. The specimen was picked by the use of Cochran with the standard deviation of 0.4.5% 470 students. The outcomes demonstrated that members can isolate in two sections dynamic and idle style which the vast majority of interviewees are willing toward a dormant style of relaxation time. While the significant piece of understudies' chance is spent on the utilization of innovative devices conveniently. For sure, watching satellite motion pictures and arrangement, investing energy in broad daylight talk rooms, PC amusements, are only a misuse of understudies' opportunity.

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Mohammad Roose, Aina Razlin. "Conquering Pedaphobia: A Case Study of Counselling Interventions." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.188.2015.

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This paper presents a case study of a 22-year-old female client who came for counselling sessions for the purpose of overcoming her pedaphobia. Symptoms, such as, dizziness, nausea, arousal, sweating palm and body shaking were noticed to be visible not only by the presence of a real child, but also by pictures, stories and imaginations of infants. Systematic desensitization technique, a form of Exposure Therapy, was applied to treat the client. It involved relaxation and breathing techniques, and supported by the application of live modelling guided participation. Along with the interventions, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy techniques were also applied, such as, thought recording, irrational thoughts identification and disputation, Rational Emotive Imagery (REI), coping self-statement, and forceful self-statement. By the end of the therapy, the client reported to have experienced a decline in the occurrences of symptoms and demonstrated the ability to overcome her phobia.Keywords: phobia; pedaphobia; systematic desensitization; counselling intervention; rational emotive behaviour therapy

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Blobel, Swen, Karin Thielsch, Markus Kaestner, and Volker Ulbricht. "Application of Real-Time Photoelastic Analysis to Single Fibre Fragmentation Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.239.

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One of our main research areas is the trans-scale modelling of damage in composite materials, which consist of a polymer matrix and carbon or glass fibres in different material combinations and geometrical arrangements. From the local stress redistribution in the fibre-matrix interphase and in the surrounding matrix material information on the parameters of microscopic damage models for composite materials can be obtained. Owing to the difficult interface characterisation based on the properties of the single material components, a photoelastic analysis of single fibre fragmentation tests is performed. In addition to the qualitative visual interpretation in polarized light, an enhanced quantitative analysis in combination with digital photoelasticity using a four image phase shifting method will be applied [1]. As the sequential capturing of images might cause incorrect results, these four pictures are grabbed simultaneously. This allows for continuous testing. Additionally, errors due to the relaxation behaviour of the matrix material can be avoided. To this, a modular optical system consisting of a variable long distance microscope and a beam dividing module proposed by [2] was developed. It allows for the simultaneous projection of four different filtered images of one microscopic scene to the four quadrants of a CCD chip. This special equipment gives the possibility to apply quantitative photoelasticity to tensile tests performed on standard testing machines. This paper explains the measurement hardware and discusses the main problems and realised solutions from picture capturing through image processing to real-time photoelastic analysis at the present state of development. Exemplary results for the qualitative analysis of selected material combinations and different manufacturing processes are shown.

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Bruckmaier, Rupert M., and Jürg W. Blum. "B-mode ultrasonography of mammary glands of cows, goats and sheep during α- and β-adrenergic agonist and oxytocin administration." Journal of Dairy Research 59, no. 2 (May 1992): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900030399.

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SummaryTeat and gland cistern of the mammary glands of five dairy cows, five goats and five sheep were scanned in a water bath during α- and β-adrenergic agonist and oxytocin administration. A 5 MHz linear array scanner was used to create vertical cut pictures with the scan plane longitudinally through the teat channel. The i.v. injection of the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (30 μg/kg) induced diminution of the section area through teat and gland cistern by 38±17% on average within 1 min in all three species. In contrast, the i.v. injection of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (1 μg/kg) did not change the cisternal areas. The i.v. injection of oxytocin (2·0 × 10−3 i.u./kg) elicited an enlargement of teat and gland cistern area by 48±12% on average. Ultrasonography proved to be a valuable system for visualizing changes of the cisternal volume. Smooth muscle contractions in response to phenylephrine administration are thought to cause area reduction, whereas an expected smooth muscle relaxation after injection of isoproterenol could not be observed by ultrasonography. Milk ejection as induced by oxytocin administration caused dramatic enlargement of the cistern area in all three species.

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MANSUR, Suraya, Nurhayani SARAGIH, Siti SUSILAWATI, Yusiatie UDUD, and Endri ENDRI. "Consumer Brand Engagement and Brand Communications on Destination Brand Equity Maritine Tourism in Indonesia." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.4(52).16.

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This study aimed to understand the influence of consumer-brand engagement and brand communication on destination brand equity, survey to maritime tourism of Ujung Kulon and Anak Krakatau, Banten. The population chosen in this study is the Instagram followers of Ujung Kulon and Krakatau Banten.The total of the samples are 96 respondents chosen using purposive sampling. This study used inferential statistic tests, which were divided into two: The correlation Test and Linear Regression Test. This study used a correlational survey method Approach. This research used a quantitative approach and a positivist paradigm. The results showed that the use of Instagram is successful in creating destination brand equity because the entertainment and interaction dimension provided a strong effect on the loyalty dimension of the destination brand equity variable. People who are online and following the Instagram account became loyal because the pictures posted gave entertainment value, joy, and relaxation effect. The interaction between the followers and admin of the account of Maritime Tourism of Ujung Kulon and Anak Krakatau, Banten also added the entertainment value. This study provides new contributions regarding the promotion of maritime tourism destinations through theories about brand engagement, brand equity, and brand communication.

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Paeng, Keewook, Heungman Park, Dat Tien Hoang, and Laura J. Kaufman. "Ideal probe single-molecule experiments reveal the intrinsic dynamic heterogeneity of a supercooled liquid." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 16 (March 30, 2015): 4952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424636112.

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The concept of dynamic heterogeneity and the picture of the supercooled liquid as a mosaic of environments with distinct dynamics that interchange in time have been invoked to explain the nonexponential relaxations measured in these systems. The spatial extent and temporal persistence of these regions of distinct dynamics have remained challenging to identify. Here, single-molecule fluorescence measurements using a probe similar in size and mobility to the host o-terphenyl unambiguously reveal exponential relaxations distributed in time and space and directly demonstrate ergodicity of the system down to the glass transition temperature. In the temperature range probed, at least 200 times the structural relaxation time of the host is required to recover ensemble-averaged relaxation at every spatial region in the system.

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Anedda, Roberto, Riccardo Melis, and Elena Curti. "Quality Control in Fiore Sardo PDO Cheese: Detection of Heat Treatment Application and Production Chain by MRI Relaxometry and Image Analysis." Dairy 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 270–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2020023.

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Fiore Sardo (FS), a traditional Italian cheese, is present in the market as a heterogeneous variety of products. The use of heat-treated (HT) milk is forbidden by the official production protocol, but no official analytical method able to detect heat application is yet available. Here, a combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry and image analysis approach to recognize FS made from raw milk is presented. Artisanal FS cheeses were produced from raw milk (RC) by five shepherds in accordance with the official protocol. They were compared to HT-milk counterparts (HTC). Additionally, industrially manufactured commercial FS cheeses (I) were also purchased and compared to RC and HTC. Relaxometry data of FS indicated the presence of two water populations; the ratio of characteristic relaxation time constant T2 and area fraction (Score, Ṩ) of the fastest relaxing population was used to compare RC, HTC and I samples. RC from HTC were successfully discriminated, the latter exhibiting lower Ṩ (enhanced protein hydration). I cheeses exhibited the lowest Ṩ values, sometimes comparable to HTC. Since visual appearance of RC and HTC is appreciably different, an image analysis deep learning approach using MRI and photographic pictures was adopted to discriminate the two productions, with promising percentages (>93%).

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Nithi-Uthai, Nattapong, and Ica Manas-Zloczower. "Numerical Simulation of Sharkskin Phenomena in Polymer Melts." Applied Rheology 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2003-0006.

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AbstractA fluid dynamic analysis package, PolyFlow, based on the finite element method is used to study the sharkskin phenomenon. A stick-slip mechanism is used as the basis for the simulations. This study is aimed at illustrating how fluctuations in the stress at the exit from the die cause similar fluctuations in the extrudate swell ratio, resembling the sharkskin phenomenon. Such fluctuations in the stress at the exit from the die are produced by implementing a stick-slip boundary condition at the die wall, mimicking a mechanism of molecular entanglement/disentanglement at the wall. We use a superposition of stress relaxation/stress growth and a periodic change in extrudate swell governed by the die exit stress level to depict sharkskin. Three relatively monodisperse polybutadienes were used in this study. The simulated sharkskin time period was found to be in good agreement with experimental findings. We found that the simulated pictures of sharkskin are similar for all three molecular weight samples. A comparison between the simulated sharkskin and experimental results show qualitative resemblance. The main problems preventing us from generating more quantitative sharkskin results mainly reside in the model limitations in depicting stress singularity, limitations in mesh design refinement and the constitutive model employed. In spite of these limitations, the qualitative agreement between simulation results and experimental data is good.

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TEETER, G., and J. L. ERSKINE. "STUDIES OF CLEAN METAL SURFACE RELAXATION EXPERIMENT–THEORY DISCREPANCIES." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 05 (October 1999): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99000846.

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A series of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Intensity vs. Voltage (LEED I–V) measurements for Rh(001), W(110) and Ti(0001) have been undertaken in order to help resolve discrepancies between experiment and theory for the surface relaxations of certain transition metals. LEED measurements and analysis indicate the following results for the change of first (d12) and second (d23) interlayer spacings, relative to the bulk interlayer spacing d0: for Rh(001), Δ d12/d0=-1.4± 1.4% and Δ d23/d0=-0.6± 1.4%; for W(110), Δ d12/d0=-3.0± 1.3% and Δ d23/d0=+0.2± 1.3%; and for Ti(0001), Δ d12/d0=-4.9± 1.0% and Δ d23/d0=+1.4± 1.0%. In each case, the new measurements help to resolve the experiment–theory surface relaxation discrepancies. In addition, two of these surfaces [W(110) and Ti(0001)] show substantial contractions in the first interlayer spacing, d12. Large relaxations for close-packed surfaces lend support to the promotion–hybridization picture of surface relaxation put forth recently by P. J. Feibelman [P. J. Feibelman, Phys. Rev.B53, 13740 (1996).] In addition to making new experimental determinations of surface relaxations, a secondary goal of this work is to characterize sources of error associated with LEED I–V methodology that have traditionally not been fully appreciated.

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De Benedictis, Alessandro, Luca de Palma, Aalap Herur-Raman, Chiara Pepi, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Alessia Carboni, Franco Randi, et al. "Infra-Occipital Supra-Tentorial Approach for Resection of Low-Grade Tumor of the Left Lingual Gyrus: 2-Dimensional Operative Video." Operative Neurosurgery 21, no. 3 (May 22, 2021): E257—E258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opab172.

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Abstract Surgical treatment of lesions involving the postero-medial occipito-temporal region is challenging because of high risk of morbidity due to damage or excessive retraction of critical neuro-vascular structures, especially within the dominant hemisphere.1-3 Here, we describe the case of a 17-yr-old patient who underwent resection of an epileptogenic low-grade tumor located within the left-dominant lingual gyrus. Seizures were characterized, as a first symptom, by right-sided simple visual hallucination that pointed to the left pericalcarine region, corresponding to the lesion location. No signs of primary involvement of anterior temporo-mesial structures (hippocampus/amygdala) were found. As the anatomo-electroclinical correlation was concordant, direct tumor removal was indicated through an infra-occipital supratentorial approach. This route allowed direct access to the target through a safe extra-axial corridor, which limits intraparenchymal dissection until the tumor margin is identified and avoids critical vascular structures, such as the vein of Labbé.4,5 An external cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage was used to facilitate brain relaxation, minimizing brain and venous retraction and, consequently, reducing the risk of postoperative neurological complications, especially for vision. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated no surgical complications. Pathological examination revealed a ganglioglioma. At 9-mo follow-up, the neurological examination was normal, antiepileptic therapy was stopped, and the patient was seizure-free. The video describes the main surgical steps, using both intraoperative videos and advanced 3-dimensional modeling of neuroimaging pictures. Informed consent was obtained for surgery and video recording.

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Antwi, Paul, and Samuel Ameyaw. "Impacts of social media Use on the Academic Performance of Students of Private Tertiary institutions in Ghana: The Valley View University Perspective." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 6, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v6i2.131.

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This paper examined the impacts of social media use on the academic performance of students of private tertiary institutions in Ghana using the Valley View University, Oyibi Campus, Accra, as a case study. A cross-sectional survey design method was adopted for the study. The population of the students was two thousand, one hundred and seventy – two (2,172). Instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. A total of 388 copies of a questionnaire were administered to the students based on probability sampling technique, 362 copies of the questionnaire were filled correctly and thus, were used for the analysis. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The findings revealed that entertainment and relaxation, posting pictures, and chatting with friends were students' motivators. It was found that the frequent use of social media had negatively affected the academic performance of some students. The study recommended to University management to motivate students to use the various social media platforms for academic activities rather than non-academic activities. The study also recommended that students should be advised to reduce the number of hours spent on the social media platforms. Citation: Ameyaw, S. (2021). Impacts of social media Use on the Academic Performance of Students of Private Tertiary institutions in Ghana: The Valley View University Perspective. International Journal of Technology and Management Research (IJTMR), Vol. 6 (2): Pp.106-115. Received: January 13, 2021Accepted: September 1, 2021

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Muurinen, A., T. Carlsson, and A. Root. "Bentonite pore distribution based on SAXS, chloride exclusion and NMR studies." Clay Minerals 48, no. 2 (May 2013): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2013.048.2.07.

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AbstractWater-saturated bentonite is planned to be used in many countries as an important barrier component in high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repositories. Knowledge about the microstructure of the bentonite and the distribution of water between interlayer (IL) and non-interlayer (non-IL) pores is important for modelling of long-term processes. In this work the microstructure of water-saturated samples prepared from MX-80 bentonite was studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SAXS) coupled with chloride exclusion modelling. The sample dry densities ranged between 0.7 and 1.6 g/cm3. The NMR technique was used to get information about the relative amounts of different water types. Water in smaller volume domains has a shorter relaxation time than that in larger domains due to the average closer proximity of the water to the paramagnetic Fe at the layer surfaces. The results were obtained using1H NMRT1ρrelaxation time measurements with the short inter-pulse CPMG method. The interpretation of the NMR results was made by fitting a sum of discrete exponentials to the observed decay curves. The SAXS measurement on bentonite samples was used to get information about the size distribution of the IL distance of montmorillonite. The chloride porosity measurements and Donnan exclusion calculations were used together with the SAXS results to evaluate the bentonite microstructure. In the model, the montmorillonite layers were organized in stacks having IL water between the layers and non-IL water between the stacks. In the modelling, the number of layers in the stacks was used as fitting parameters which determined the IL and non-IL surface areas. The fitting parameters were adjusted so that the modelled chloride concentration was equal to the measured one. The NMR studies and SAXS studies coupled with the Cl porosity measurements provided very similar pictures of how the porewater is divided in two phases in bentonite.

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Zhang, J., M. Li, C. Y. Xiong, J. Fang, and S. Yi. "Thermal deformation analysis of BGA package by digital image correlation technique." Microelectronics International 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13565360510575530.

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PurposeThe mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials in multiplayer structure may induce serious stress concentrations in electronic packaging. Experimental evaluation of the thermal stresses and strains in those electronic composites is becoming significantly important for optimizing design and failure prediction of the electronic devices.Design/methodology/approachDigital image correlation (DIC) technique was utilized to obtain thermal deformation filed of a BGA package. With the help of white light to illuminate the cross section of the BGA package, the gray images were taken from the rough surface of the specimen, that offer a kid of carrier pattern for the DIC processing with statistical resemblance in gray distributions. By using the algorithm of correlation computation, the DIC searched the matching spots in a pair of those images in which the spot displacements were involved in between, to obtain the deformation fields of the package specimen caused by temperature changes.FindingsThe results show interesting strain distributions in the assembly. Both the horizontal displacement component and its normal derivative are strongly related to the arrangement of the solder joints in the bonding medium between the die and the ceramic substrate. The strain components in the middle region of the package are larger than those in the side regions where the strain relaxation may exist near the stress‐free boundaries. The shear strain components show special bands of parallel lines with identical amount over the chip‐package to sustain the shearing of the packed structure under thermal loading.Originality/valueThe DIC technique shows to be a useful tool for the thermal strain analysis of the electronic packaging devices. Not only provides it the whole field deformation of the assembly, but also maintains the surface pictures of the package without covering any fringes, which is important to compare the deformation field with the specimen surface to reveal the stain distribution related to the failure prediction of the materials.

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BROWN, RICHARD, and DENNIS MUNJACK. "FEAR OF RELAXATION AND WAIS PICTURE COMPLETION SCORES." Psychological Reports 60, no. 3c (June 1987): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.3c.1082.

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Song, Weiying, Xin Li, Bu Wang, N. M. Anoop Krishnan, Sushmit Goyal, Morten M. Smedskjaer, John C. Mauro, Christian G. Hoover, and Mathieu Bauchy. "Atomic picture of structural relaxation in silicate glasses." Applied Physics Letters 114, no. 23 (June 10, 2019): 233703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5095529.

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Brown, Richard, and Dennis Munjack. "Fear of Relaxation and Wais Picture Completion Scores." Psychological Reports 60, no. 3_part_2 (June 1987): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294187060003-212.1.

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Loriot, G., and J. H. Weiner. "Atomic level picture of stress relaxation in polymer melts." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36, no. 1 (January 15, 1998): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19980115)36:1<143::aid-polb16>3.0.co;2-c.

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Moreno, A. J., and J. Colmenero. "Anomalous relaxation in binary mixtures: a dynamic facilitation picture." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 19, no. 20 (April 25, 2007): 205144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/20/205144.

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Németh, R. "Nonexponential relaxation of Ising models within the droplet picture." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 169, no. 3 (December 1990): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(90)90114-8.

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Asfandyar, Khan, and Anna G. Knyazeva. "Features of Difference Scheme for the Diffusion-Kinetic Problem of Ion Implantation with Intermetallic Phases Formation." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.195.

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The implicit difference scheme has been suggested for the solution of diffusion-kinetic problem describing the ion implantation by intermetallic phase formation. The model corresponds to irreversible conditions and includes finite relaxation times for mass fluxes. The linear difference equations are solved by double-sweep method. The result illustrates the convergence of difference scheme at variation of its parameters. Qualitative picture of phase evolution in the surface layer is obtained different for problem with finite relaxation times and for zero relaxation times.

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Mewes, Jan-M., Vladimir Jovanović, Christel M. Marian, and Andreas Dreuw. "On the molecular mechanism of non-radiative decay of nitrobenzene and the unforeseen challenges this simple molecule holds for electronic structure theory." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 24 (2014): 12393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01232a.

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Kneller, Gerald R. "Franck–Condon picture of incoherent neutron scattering." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 38 (August 30, 2018): 9450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718720115.

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A spectroscopic interpretation of incoherent neutron scattering experiments is presented which is based on Franck–Condon-type probabilities for scattering-induced transitions between quantum states of the target. The resulting expressions for the scattering functions enable an energy landscape-oriented analysis of neutron scattering spectra as well as a physical interpretation of Van Hove’s space–time correlation functions in the quantum regime that accounts for the scattering kinematics. They suggest moreover a combined analysis of quasi- and inelastic scattering that becomes inseparable for complex systems with slow power-law relaxation.

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Liu, Bingqing, Eurico J. D'Sa, and Ishan D. Joshi. "Floodwater impact on Galveston Bay phytoplankton taxonomy, pigment composition and photo-physiological state following Hurricane Harvey from field and ocean color (Sentinel-3A OLCI) observations." Biogeosciences 16, no. 9 (May 14, 2019): 1975–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1975-2019.

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Abstract. Phytoplankton taxonomy, pigment composition and photo-physiological state were studied in Galveston Bay (GB), Texas (USA), following the extreme flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey (25–29 August 2017) using field and satellite ocean color observations. The percentage of chlorophyll a (Chl a) in different phytoplankton groups was determined from a semi-analytical IOP (inherent optical property) inversion algorithm. The IOP inversion algorithm revealed the dominance of freshwater species (diatom, cyanobacteria and green algae) in the bay following the hurricane passage (29 September 2017) under low salinity conditions associated with the discharge of floodwaters into GB. Two months after the hurricane (29–30 October 2017), under more seasonal salinity conditions, the phytoplankton community transitioned to an increase in small-sized groups such as haptophytes and prochlorophytes. Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)-derived Chl a obtained using a red ∕ NIR (near-infrared) band ratio algorithm for the turbid estuarine waters was highly correlated (R2>0.90) to the (high-performance liquid chromatography) HPLC-derived Chl a. Long-term observations of OLCI-derived Chl a (August 2016–December 2017) in GB revealed that hurricane-induced Chl a declined to background mean state in late October 2017. A non-negative least squares (NNLS) inversion model was then applied to OLCI-derived Chl a maps of GB to investigate spatiotemporal variations of phytoplankton diagnostic pigments pre- and post-hurricane; results appeared consistent with extracted phytoplankton taxonomic composition derived from the IOP inversion algorithm and microplankton pictures obtained from an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB). OLCI-derived diagnostic pigment distributions also exhibited good agreement with HPLC measurements during both surveys, with R2 ranging from 0.40 for diatoxanthin to 0.96 for Chl a. Environmental factors (e.g., floodwaters) combined with phytoplankton taxonomy also strongly modulated phytoplankton physiology in the bay as indicated by measurements of photosynthetic parameters with a fluorescence induction and relaxation (FIRe) system. Phytoplankton in well-mixed waters (mid-bay area) exhibited maximum PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv∕Fm) and a low effective absorption cross section (σPSII), while the areas adjacent to the shelf (likely nutrient-limited) showed low Fv∕Fm and elevated σPSII values. Overall, the approach using field and ocean color data combined with inversion models allowed, for the first time, an assessment of phytoplankton response to a large hurricane-related floodwater perturbation in a turbid estuarine environment based on its taxonomy, pigment composition and physiological state.

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Wu, Qunyan, Tian Zhang, Qian Peng, Dong Wang, and Zhigang Shuai. "Aggregation induced blue-shifted emission – the molecular picture from a QM/MM study." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 12 (2014): 5545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp54910k.

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Viot, Pascal, Gilles Tarjus, and Daniel Kivelson. "A heterogeneous picture of α relaxation for fragile supercooled liquids." Journal of Chemical Physics 112, no. 23 (June 15, 2000): 10368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481674.

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Dashevskaya, E. I., E. E. Nikitin, and J. Troe. "The vibrational relaxation of NO in Ar: tunneling in a curve-crossing mechanism." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 1 (2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04107k.

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MEINGAST, CHRISTOPH, and FRANK GUGENBERGER. "ORIENTATIONAL GLASS TRANSITION AND STRUCTURAL RELAXATION IN SOLID C60." Modern Physics Letters B 07, no. 27 (November 20, 1993): 1703–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993001740.

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We review recent experiments and models dealing with glass transition and the associated structural relaxation in solid C 60. This glass transition is thought to result from the freezing-in of thermally-induced dynamic orientational disorder in an otherwise orientationally-ordered crystalline structure. The structural relaxation is shown to be approximately exponential and linear (in the relaxation nomenclature), and the relaxation time nearly follows an Arrhenius temperature dependence over some 15 decades. C 60 is thus an example of an extremely ‘strong’ glass former in the ‘strong-fragile’ classification. The relaxation data are consistent with the simple structural model derived from X-ray and neutron diffraction, in which each C 60 molecule can be in two different, but energetically nearly equivalent (Δ≈10 meV ) orientational states, which are separated by an energy barrier of Ea≈250 meV . Small deviations from this simple picture are attributed to a slight temperature dependence of both Δ and Ea due to a changing local environment.

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Chat, Katarzyna, Grzegorz Szklarz, and Karolina Adrjanowicz. "Testing density scaling in nanopore-confinement for hydrogen-bonded liquid dipropylene glycol." RSC Advances 9, no. 36 (2019): 20954–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02289a.

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We have carried out dielectric relaxation studies for DPG under high-pressure conditions and confined in nanopores to check if the concept of the density scaling is able to provide a consistent picture of the viscous liquid dynamics.

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Khodadadi, S., and A. P. Sokolov. "Protein dynamics: from rattling in a cage to structural relaxation." Soft Matter 11, no. 25 (2015): 4984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00636h.

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Nolting, Dirk, Rainer Weinkauf, Ingolf V. Hertel, and Thomas Schultz. "Cover Picture: Excited-State Relaxation of Protonated Adenine (ChemPhysChem 5/2007)." ChemPhysChem 8, no. 5 (April 2, 2007): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200790010.

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BOKOV, ALEXEI A., and ZUO-GUANG YE. "DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x1241010x.

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In this review the dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectrics are discussed and compared with the properties of normal dielectrics and ferroelectrics. We try to draw a general picture of dielectric relaxation starting from a textbook review of the underlying concepts and pay attention to common behavior of relaxors rather than to the features observed in specific materials. We hope that this general approach is beneficial to those physicists, chemists, material scientists and device engineers who deal with relaxors. Based on the analysis of dielectric properties, a comprehensive definition of relaxors is proposed: relaxors are defined as ferroelectrics in which the maximum in the temperature dependence of static susceptibility occurs within the temperature range of dielectric relaxation, but does not coincide with the temperature of singularity of relaxation time or soft mode frequency.

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Zhao, Li, Pan-Wang Zhou, and Guang-Jiu Zhao. "Non-adiabatic dynamics simulation exploration of the wavelength-dependent photoinduced relaxation mechanism of trans-N-1-methyl-2-(tolylazo) imidazole in the gas phase." RSC Advances 6, no. 69 (2016): 64323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11416d.

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A comprehensive picture of the photoinduced non-adiabatic relaxation dynamics of trans-N-1-methyl-2-(tolylazo) imidazole (trans-MTAI) in different electronic excited states has been revealed using the on-the-fly surface hopping method at the ab initio CASSCF level.

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Vallurupalli, Pramodh, Nilmadhab Chakrabarti, Régis Pomès, and Lewis E. Kay. "Atomistic picture of conformational exchange in a T4 lysozyme cavity mutant: an experiment-guided molecular dynamics study." Chemical Science 7, no. 6 (2016): 3602–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc03886c.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Relaxation pictures'

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