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Journal articles on the topic 'Relativistic intensity'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Liesfeld, Ben, Jens Bernhardt, Kay-Uwe Amthor, Heinrich Schwoerer, and Roland Sauerbrey. "Single-shot autocorrelation at relativistic intensity." Applied Physics Letters 86, no. 16 (April 18, 2005): 161107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1905779.

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2

Chang, Yifan, Chang Wang, Yubo Wang, Zhaonan Long, Zirui Zeng, and Youwei Tian. "Collimation and monochromaticity of γ-rays generated by high-energy electron colliding with tightly focused circularly polarized laser with varied intensities." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 6 (April 20, 2022): 065301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac6614.

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Abstract The collision of high-energy electron and laser pulses produces nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering, which can generate γ-rays. We study the effect of laser intensity on the energy angular distribution and spectrum of γ-ray radiation in tightly focused pulses. The γ-rays at non-relativistic intensity have good collimation and monochromaticity, and the radiation energy increases with the laser intensity. The ‘jumping point’ phenomenon of radiation energy variation under relativistic intensity and the ‘black hole’ of energy angular distribution were discovered. As the laser intensity increases, there is a red shift in the radiative harmonic spectrum. And at relativistic intensity, supercontinuum (tunable) γ-rays can be obtained. These findings help us use NITS for optical research.

3

Клименко, Владимир, and Vladimir Klimenko. "Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-34201704.

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This paper presents the calculations of synchrotron radio emission intensity from Van Allen belts with Gaussian space distribution of electron density across L-shells of a dipole magnetic field, and with Maxwell’s relativistic electron energy distribution. The results of these calculations come to a good agreement with measurements of the synchrotron emission intensity of the artificial radiation belt’s electrons during the Starfish nuclear test. We have obtained two-dimensional distributions of radio brightness in azimuth — zenith angle coordinates for an observer on Earth’s surface. The westside and eastside intensity maxima exceed several times the maximum level of emission in the meridian plane. We have also constructed two-dimensional distributions of the radio emission intensity in decibels related to the background galactic radio noise level. Isotropic fluxes of relativistic electrons (E ~ 1 MeV) should be more than 107 cm–2s–1 for the synchrotron emission intensity in the meridian plane to exceed the cosmic noise level by 0.1 dB (riometer sensitivity threshold).

4

Friou, A., E. Lefebvre, and L. Gremillet. "Channeling dynamics of relativistic-intensity laser pulses." Physics of Plasmas 19, no. 2 (February 2012): 022704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680613.

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5

Lee, P. H. Y. "On relativistic self focusing." Laser and Particle Beams 5, no. 1 (February 1987): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600002457.

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Ponderomotive force initiated laser self focusing can be enhanced by relativistic electron motion in a laser plasma. We derive the nonlinear refractive index due to relativistic effects and find that relativistic self focusing becomes important for a 0·25 μm laser when the laser intensity exceeds 5 × 1018 W/cm2.

6

Jolicoeur, Sheean, Roy Maartens, Eline M. De Weerd, Obinna Umeh, Chris Clarkson, and Stefano Camera. "Detecting the relativistic bispectrum in 21cm intensity maps." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2021, no. 06 (June 1, 2021): 039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/06/039.

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7

Willingale, L., P. M. Nilson, C. Zulick, H. Chen, R. S. Craxton, J. Cobble, A. Maksimchuk, et al. "Relativistic intensity laser interactions with low-density plasmas." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 688 (March 2016): 012126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/688/1/012126.

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8

Marques, J. P., F. Parente, and P. Indelicato. "Relativistic MCDF calculation of Kβ/Kα intensity ratios." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 34, no. 17 (August 21, 2001): 3487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/34/17/308.

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9

Leshchenko, V. E., V. A. Vasiliev, N. L. Kvashnin, and E. V. Pestryakov. "Coherent combining of relativistic-intensity femtosecond laser pulses." Applied Physics B 118, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-015-6047-7.

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10

Douma, E., C. J. Rodger, L. W. Blum, T. P. O'Brien, M. A. Clilverd, and J. B. Blake. "Characteristics of Relativistic Microburst Intensity From SAMPEX Observations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 124, no. 7 (July 2019): 5627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026757.

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11

OSMAN, FREDERICK, REYNALDO CASTILLO, and HEINRICH HORA. "Relativistic and ponderomotive self-focusing at laser–plasma interaction." Journal of Plasma Physics 61, no. 2 (February 1999): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898007417.

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The nonlinear plasma dielectric function due to relativistic electron motion is derived. From this, one can obtain the nonlinear refractive index of the plasma and estimate the importance of relativistic self-focusing in comparison with ponderomotive non-relativistic self-focusing at very high laser intensities. When the laser intensity is very high, ponderomotive self-focusing will be dominant. However, at some point, when the oscillating velocity of the plasma electrons becomes very large, relativistic effects will also play a role in self-focusing.

12

Mangles, S. P. D., K. Krushelnick, Z. Najmudin, M. S. Wei, B. Walton, A. Gopal, A. E. Dangor, et al. "The generation of mono-energetic electron beams from ultrashort pulse laser–plasma interactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (January 24, 2006): 663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1730.

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The physics of the interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with underdense plasma depends not only on the interaction intensity but also on the laser pulse length. We show experimentally that as intensities are increased beyond 10 20 W cm −2 the peak electron acceleration increases beyond that which can be produced from single stage plasma wave acceleration and it is likely that direct laser acceleration mechanisms begin to play an important role. If, alternatively, the pulse length is reduced such that it approaches the plasma period of a relativistic electron plasma wave, high-power interactions at much lower intensity enable the generation of quasi-mono-energetic beams of relativistic electrons.

13

Gaur, B., P. Rawat, and G. Purohit. "Effect of self-focused cosh Gaussian laser beam on the excitation of electron plasma wave and particle acceleration." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 4 (September 9, 2016): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000525.

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AbstractThis work presents an investigation of the self-focusing of a high-power laser beam having cosh Gaussian intensity profile in a collissionless plasma under weak relativistic-ponderomotove (RP) and only relativistic regimes and its effect on the excitation of electron plasma wave (EPW), and particle acceleration process. Nonlinear differential equations have been set up for the beam width and intensity of cosh Gaussian laser beam (CGLB) and EPW using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin and paraxial-ray approximations as well as fluid equations. The numerical results are presented for different values of decentered parameter ‘b’ and intensity parameter ‘a’ of CGLB. Strong self-focusing is observed in RP regime as compared with only relativistic nonlinearity. Numerical analysis shows that these parameters play crucial role on the self-focusing of the CGLB and the excitation of EPW. It is also found that the intensity/amplitude of EPW increases with b and a. Further, nonlinear coupling between the CGLB and EPW leads to the acceleration of electrons. The intensity of EPW and energy gain by electrons is significantly affected by including the ponderomotive nonlinearity. The energy of the accelerated electrons is increased by increasing the value of ‘b’. The results are presented for typical laser and plasma parameters.

14

Baumann, C., and A. Pukhov. "Electron dynamics in twisted light modes of relativistic intensity." Physics of Plasmas 25, no. 8 (August 2018): 083114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5044617.

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15

Xu, Hui, Zheng-Ming Sheng, Jie Zhang, and M. Y. Yu. "Intensity-dependent resonance absorption in relativistic laser-plasma interaction." Physics of Plasmas 13, no. 12 (December 2006): 123301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2397580.

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16

Umstadter, D. P., C. Barty, M. Perry, and G. A. Mourou. "Tabletop, Ultrahigh-Intensity Lasers: Dawn of Nonlinear Relativistic Optics." Optics and Photonics News 9, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.9.7.000040.

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17

Hartemann, F. V. "High-intensity scattering processes of relativistic electrons in vacuum." Physics of Plasmas 5, no. 5 (May 1998): 2037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872875.

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18

Walsh, J., K. Woods, and S. Yeager. "Intensity of Smith-Purcell radiation in the relativistic regime." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 341, no. 1-3 (March 1994): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90364-6.

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19

Клименко, Владимир, and Vladimir Klimenko. "Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 3, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-34201704.

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This paper presents the calculations of synchrotron radio emission intensity from Van Allen belts with Gaussian space distribution of electron density across L-shells of a dipole magnetic field, and with Maxwell’s relativistic electron energy distribution. The results of these calculations come to a good agreement with measurements of the synchrotron emission intensity of the artificial radiation belt’s electrons during the Starfish nuclear test. We have obtained two-dimensional distributions of radio brightness in azimuth — zenith angle coordinates for an observer on Earth’s surface. The westside and eastside intensity maxima exceed several times the maximum level of emission in the meridian plane. We have also constructed two-dimensional distributions of the radio emission intensity in decibels related to the background galactic radio noise level. Isotropic fluxes of relativistic electrons (E ~ 1 MeV) should be more than 107 cm–2s–1 for the synchrotron emission intensity in the meridian plane to exceed the cosmic noise level by 0.1 dB (riometer sensitivity threshold).

20

Asthana, Meenu, M. S. Sodha, and K. P. Maheshwari. "Relativistic self-focusing of laser beams in time-harmonic plane waves: arbitrary intensity." Journal of Plasma Physics 51, no. 1 (February 1994): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237780001744x.

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This paper presents a paraxial theory of relativistic self-focusing of a Gaussian laser beam in plasma for a time-harmonic plane wave at arbitrary beam intensity. Since the relativistic mechanism is instantaneous, the theory is also applicable to self-focusing of laser pulses. The analysis leads to two values for the critical beam power for self-focusing, Pcr1 and Pcr2. When P < Pcr1 < Pcr2, the beam diverges. When Pcr1 <P <pcr2, it first converges, then diverges, and so on. When P > Pcr2 it first diverges, then converges, and so on.

21

ASTHANA, MEENU V., DINESH VARSHNEY, and M. S. SODHA. "Relativistic self-focusing of transmitted laser radiation in plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 18, no. 1 (January 2000): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600181121.

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This paper presents an analysis of relativistic self-focusing of a Gaussian laser beam incident normally on a plane interface of a linear medium and a nonlinear, nonabsorbing plasma with an intensity dependent dielectric constant. Considering the nonlinearity to arise from the relativistic variation of mass and the Lorentz force on electrons. Following Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial ray approximation the phenomenon of relativistic self-focusing of the transmitted laser radiation has been analyzed for the arbitrary magnitude of nonlinearity. Change in the intensity distribution along the wavefront of the Gaussian beam, due to refraction at the interface has also been taken into account. The variation of beamwidth parameter with distance of propagation, self trapping condition and critical power has been evaluated. Numerical estimates for typical parameters of laser plasma interaction process indicate the refraction at the interface to have a significant effect on self-focusing.

22

Vyas, Ashish, Ram Kishor Singh, and R. P. Sharma. "Study of coexisting stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering at relativistic laser power." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 4 (October 27, 2014): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000688.

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AbstractThis paper presents a model to study the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) simultaneously at relativistic laser power. At high intensity, the relativistic mass correction for the plasma electrons becomes significant and the plasma refractive index gets modified which leads to the relativistic self-focusing of the pump beam. This filamentation process affects the scattering processes (SRS and SBS) and at the same time the pump filamentation process also gets modified in the presence of the coexisting SRS and SBS due to the pump depletion. We have also demonstrated that the pump depletion and relativistic filamentation affects the back-reflectivity of scattered beams (SRS and SBS) significantly, for the coexistence case.

23

LONTANO, M., M. BORGHESI, S. V. BULANOV, T. Z. ESIRKEPOV, D. FARINA, N. NAUMOVA, K. NISHIHARA, et al. "Nondrifting relativistic electromagnetic solitons in plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 4 (October 2003): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603214105.

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Low-frequency, relativistic, subcycle solitary waves are found in two-dimensional and three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulations, as a result of the interaction of ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulses with plasmas. Moreover, nondrifting, subcycle relativistic electromagnetic solitons have been obtained as solutions of the hydrodynamic equations for an electron–ion warm plasma, by assuming the quasi-neutrality character of the plasma response. In addition, the formation of long-living macroscopic soliton-like structures has been experimentally observed by means of the proton imaging diagnostics. Several common features result from these investigations, as, for example, the quasi-neutral plasma response to the soliton radiation, in the long-term evolution of the system, which leads to the almost complete expulsion of the plasma from the region where the electromagnetic radiation is concentrated, even at subrelativistic field intensity. The results of the theoretical investigations are reviewed with special attention to these similarities.

24

Chen, J., K. H. Li, and J. H. Wen. "Relativistic high-order harmonics of a hydrogenlike atom in an ultrastrong laser field." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 7 (November 1, 1999): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-025.

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The relativistic high-order harmonics of a hydrogenlike atom in an ultrastrong laser field has been simulated by the classical Monte-Carlo method in this paper. The results concerning the influence of the laser parameters (frequency, pulse-shape, intensity, etc.) on the relativistic high-order harmonics have been obtained and the conversion efficiency has also been calculated. Some conclusions are drawn and discussed.PACS Nos.: 42.65Ky and 32.80Rm

25

Asthana, M., K. P. Maheshwari, and M. S. Sodha. "Nonlinear relativistic self-focusing of laser radiation in plasmas: Arbitrary intensity." Laser and Particle Beams 12, no. 4 (December 1994): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008508.

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A paraxial theory of relativistic self-focusing of a Gaussian laser beam in plasmas, when the nonlinear part of the effective dielectric constant is arbitrarily large, is presented. The plasma is taken to be homogeneous without any density fluctuations being necessary. The approach of Akhmanov et al. based on the WKB and paraxial ray approximations has been followed. It is seen that the saturating nature of nonlinearity leads to two values of critical power of the beam (Pcrl and Pcr2) for self-focusing. When the power of the beam P lies between the two critical values (i.e., Pcr1 < P < Pcr2), the medium behaves as an oscillatory waveguide; the beam first converges and then diverges, converges again, and so on. For P > Pcr2 the beam first diverges, then converges, then diverges, and so on. Because the relativistic mechanism is instantaneous, the theory is applicable to the understanding of selffocusing of laser pulses also.

26

Albert, O., H. Wang, D. Liu, Z. Chang, and G. Mourou. "Generation of relativistic intensity pulses at a kilohertz repetition rate." Optics Letters 25, no. 15 (August 1, 2000): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.001125.

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27

Golovinski, P. A., M. A. Dolgopolov, and V. G. Khlebostroev. "Hard x-ray generation in laser field of relativistic intensity." Physica Scripta 51, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/51/6/009.

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28

Rezaei, S., M. R. Jafari Milani, and M. J. Jafari. "High intensity laser beam propagation through a relativistic warm magnetoplasma." Physics of Plasmas 24, no. 4 (March 29, 2017): 043101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4979169.

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29

Umstadter, D., S. ‐Y Chen, G. Ma, A. Maksimchuk, G. Mourou, M. Nantel, S. Pikuz, G. Sarkisov, and R. Wagner. "Dense and Relativistic Plasmas Produced by Compact High‐Intensity Lasers." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 127, no. 2 (April 2000): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/313340.

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30

Garuchava, D. P., Z. I. Rostomashvili, and N. L. Tsintsadze. "Filamentation instability of relativistic-intensity electromagnetic waves in a plasma." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 16, no. 9 (September 30, 1986): 1267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1986v016n09abeh007486.

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31

Har-Shemesh, Omri, and Antonino Di Piazza. "Peak intensity measurement of relativistic lasers via nonlinear Thomson scattering." Optics Letters 37, no. 8 (April 11, 2012): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.001352.

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32

Afanasiev, G. N., M. V. Lyubchenko, and Yu P. Stepanovsky. "Fine structure of the Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2066 (December 14, 2005): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2005.1599.

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We found relativistic quantum corrections to the one-photon Cherenkov emission. It is proved that, in the absence of dispersion, the Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation fills the whole Cherenkov cone (in the Tamm–Frank theory the Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation for the fixed refractive index is confined to the surface of the Cherenkov cone). The radiation intensity reaches the maximum inside the Cherenkov cone. It turns out that photons with different energies fly at different angles in the interval from zero up to the Cherenkov angle corresponding to the initial charge velocity. The visible light region, where the Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation is usually observed, is surrounded by the low intensity infrared region and by the high intensity one corresponding to high energy photons. The ratio of the radiation intensity at the maximum lying in the Roentgen part of the radiation spectrum to the radiation intensity in its visible part is about 10 4 . Taking into account the medium dispersion leads to the appearance of the striped-like radiation structure inside the Cherenkov cone. Experimental data indicating the existence of a non-zero radiation field inside this cone are discussed. In the past, non-relativistic quantum corrections to the radiation intensity were found by Ginzburg. Yet, he did not analyse their influence for large energy–momentum transfer.

33

Struminsky, A. B., I. Yu Grigorieva, Yu I. Logachev, and A. M. Sadovskii. "Solar relativistic electrons and protons on October 28, 2021 (GLE73)." Известия Российской академии наук. Серия физическая 87, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 1023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676523701818.

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The proton event of October 28, 2021, which was accompanied by the first in the current 25th cycle and the 73rd in the history of observations, a ground-based enhancement in the intensity of cosmic rays (GLE73), is considered. The development of the parent flare lasted more than 10 min against the background of the highest energy release simultaneously creating the conditions both for acceleration of the coronal mass ejection (CME) and acceleration of charged particles to relativistic energies. The similarity of time intensity profiles of relativistic electrons and protons in the Earth’s orbit indicates a stochastic mechanism of their acceleration. The X1.0 eruptive flare on October 28, 2021, is similar in hard X-ray emission to the M5.1 flare on May 17, 2012 (GLE71). The relatively late start of the increase in the fluxes of relativistic electrons and protons in the Earth’s orbit compared to the GLE71 event is explained by the location of the flare on October 28, 2021 (S26W05) and the southward launch of the CME.

34

Yeeram, T. "Enhancements of relativistic electron flux at geostationary orbit during high-intensity, long-duration, continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) from 2015 to 2017." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2431, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012100.

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Abstract This work characterizes the enhancements of relativistic electron flux (MeV) in the geostationary orbit (GEO) in High Intensity, Long Duration, Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) occurred during declining phase of solar cycle 24. We employed the relativistic electron (0.8 - 2.0 MeV) flux and low-energy electron (40 - 130 keV) flux measured by GOES-13 and POES satellites, respectively. Typically, the relativistic electron flux increases, while the low-energy electron flux decreases in the long recovery phase of moderate storms. The enhancements of E > 0.8 MeV and > 2.0 MeV occurred promptly and ∼1.0 day after the HILDCAA onset, respectively. A case study of short HILDCAA events shows that low solar wind dynamic pressure and long-lasting high amplitude Alfvén waves are efficient triggers of the relativistic electron enhancement at GEO. Large convection from magnetic reconnection in HILDCAA would induce substorms that injected more seed electrons for the acceleration. The peaks of the E > 2.0 MeV flux are more delayed than of the E > 0.8 MeV. After the onset of short- and prolonged-period HILDCAA, the peak flux of E > 0.8 MeV occurred about 2 and 4 days, respectively, and of E > 2.0 MeV occurred about 2 and 5 days, respectively.

35

Kando, Masaki, Alexander S. Pirozhkov, James K. Koga, Timur Zh Esirkepov, and Sergei V. Bulanov. "Prospects of Relativistic Flying Mirrors for Ultra-High-Field Science." Photonics 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110862.

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Recent progress of high-peak-power lasers makes researchers envisage ultra-high-field science; however, the current or near future facilities will not be strong enough to reach the vacuum breakdown intensity, i.e., the Schwinger field. To address this difficulty, a relativistic flying mirror (RFM) technology is proposed to boost the focused intensity by double the Doppler effect of an incoming laser pulse. We review the principle, theoretical, and experimental progress of the RFM, as well as its prospects.

36

Mioduszewski, A. J., P. A. Hughes, and G. C. Duncan. "The Effects of Light Travel Time on the Appearance of Relativistic Jets." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 164 (1998): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100044894.

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AbstractWe present simulated maps showing the appearance in total intensity of flows computed using a relativistic hydrodynamic code (Duncan k. Hughes 1994: ApJ, 436, L119). The radiation transfer calculations allow for full treatment of relativistic effects, such as Doppler boosting and time delay. Depending on viewing angle, and the speed of emitting features, the appearance of a jet can be strongly influenced by either effect; in both cases the map differs dramatically from the morphology exhibited by the hydrodynamic quantities.

37

Hajra, Rajkumar, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Quanming Lu, Gurbax S. Lakhina, Aimin Du, Ezequiel Echer, Adriane M. S. Franco, Mauricio J. A. Bolzan, and Xinliang Gao. "Ultra-relativistic Electron Acceleration during High-intensity Long-duration Continuous Auroral Electrojet Activity Events." Astrophysical Journal 965, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2dfe.

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Abstract Magnetospheric relativistic electrons are accelerated during substorms and strong convection events that occur during high-intensity long-duration continuous auroral electrojet activity (HILDCAA) events, associated with solar wind high-speed streams (coming from coronal holes). From an analysis of ∼2–20 MeV electrons at L ∼ 2–7 measured by the Van Allen Probe satellite, it is shown that ∼3.4–4.1 days long HILDCAA events are characterized by ∼7.2 MeV electron acceleration in the L ∼ 4.0–6.0 region, which occurs ∼2.9–3.4 days after the onset of HILDCAA. The dominant acceleration process is due to wave–particle interactions between magnetospheric electromagnetic chorus waves and substorm-injected ∼100 keV electrons. The longer the HILDCAA and chorus last, the higher the maximum energy of the accelerated relativistic electrons. The acceleration to higher and higher energies is due to a bootstrap mechanism.

38

Purohit, Gunjan, Priyanka Rawat, Pradeep Kothiyal, and Ramesh Kumar Sharma. "Relativistic longitudinal self-compression of ultra-intense Gaussian laser pulses in magnetized plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 38, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034620000245.

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AbstractThis article presents a preliminary study of the longitudinal self-compression of ultra-intense Gaussian laser pulse in a magnetized plasma, when relativistic nonlinearity is active. This study has been carried out in 1D geometry under a nonlinear Schrodinger equation and higher-order paraxial (nonparaxial) approximation. The nonlinear differential equations for self-compression and self-focusing have been derived and solved by the analytical and numerical methods. The dielectric function and the eikonal have been expanded up to the fourth power of r (radial distance). The effect of initial parameters, namely incident laser intensity, magnetic field, and initial pulse duration on the compression of a relativistic Gaussian laser pulse have been explored. The results are compared with paraxial-ray approximation. It is found that the compression of pulse and pulse intensity of the compressed pulse is significantly enhanced in the nonparaxial region. It is observed that the compression of the high-intensity laser pulse depends on the intensity of laser beam (a0), magnetic field (ωc), and initial pulse width (τ0). The preliminary results show that the pulse is more compressed by increasing the values of a0, ωc, and τ0.

39

Muhsin Hasan Ali and Noor Mustafa Fadel. "Determination of Relativistic Intensity of X-Ray Diffracted from Aluminum Element." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 4 (August 4, 2019): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i4.403.

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In this paper, the relative intensity of X-ray diffracted from Aluminum (Al) was found, and taking into account the influences on the intensity of these rays. There was good agreement between the calculated and measured values, the simple differences between them can be attributed to the fact that all crystals in nature are real and not ideal crystals, on the other hand, the accuracy of atomic positions are must probably effected the calculated results

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Bak, Petr, Dmitriy Bolkhovityanov, Andrey Korepanov, Pavel Logatchev, Dmitriy Malyutin, Aleksandr Starostenko, and Aleksandr Tsyganov. "Instrument for Studying Wake Fields Influence to International Linear Collider High Intensity Bunch." Siberian Journal of Physics 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2009-4-1-30-36.

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Instrument for bunch tilt measurements in linear collider is presented. Electron beam probe basic principles are described and method of bunch tilt measurements is discussed. The simulation results of testing beam interaction with tilted relativistic bunch are presented. Main components of the bunch tilt measurement error are determined.

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Hasan Ali, Muhsin, and Noor Mustafa Fadel. "Determination of Relativistic Intensity of X-Ray Diffracted from Aluminum Element." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 4 (August 4, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i4.849.

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Abstract:

In this paper, the relative intensity of X-ray diffracted from Aluminum (Al) was found, and taking into account the influences on the intensity of these rays. There was good agreement between the calculated and measured values, the simple differences between them can be attributed to the fact that all crystals in nature are real and not ideal crystals, on the other hand, the accuracy of atomic positions are must probably effected the calculated results http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.076

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Sen, Sonu, Meenu Asthana Varshney, and Dinesh Varshney. "Relativistic Propagation of Linearly/Circularly Polarized Laser Radiation in Plasmas." ISRN Optics 2013 (September 2, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/642617.

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Paraxial theory of relativistic self-focusing of Gaussian laser beams in plasmas for arbitrary magnitude of intensity of the beam has been presented in this paper. The nonlinearity in the dielectric constant arises on account of relativistic variation of mass. An appropriate expression for the nonlinear dielectric constant has been used to study laser beam propagation for linearly/circularly polarized wave. The variation of beamwidth parameter with distance of propagation, self-trapping condition, and critical power has been evaluated. The saturating nature of nonlinearity yields two values of critical power of the beam ( and ) for self-focusing. When the beam diverges. When the beam first converges then diverges and so on. When the beam first diverges and then converges and so on. Numerical estimates are made for linearly/circularly polarized wave applicable for typical values of relativistic laser-plasma interaction process in underdense and overdense plasmas. Since the relativistic mechanism is instantaneous, this theory is applicable to understanding of self-focusing of laser pulses.

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Hartemann, F. V., J. R. Van Meter, A. L. Troha, E. C. Landahl, N. C. Luhmann, H. A. Baldis, Atul Gupta, and A. K. Kerman. "Three-dimensional relativistic electron scattering in an ultrahigh-intensity laser focus." Physical Review E 58, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 5001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.58.5001.

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Nagai, Tsugunobu. "“Space weather forecast”: Prediction of relativistic electron intensity at synchronous orbit." Geophysical Research Letters 15, no. 5 (May 1988): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl015i005p00425.

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Domański, J., J. Badziak, and M. Marchwiany. "Laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions at ultra-relativistic laser intensity." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 4 (December 2018): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034618000563.

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AbstractThis paper presents the results of numerical investigations into the acceleration of heavy ions by a multi-PW laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity, to be available with the Extreme Light Infrastructure lasers currently being built in Europe. In the numerical simulations, performed with the use of a multi-dimensional (2D3V) particle-in-cell code, the thorium target with a thickness of 50 or 200 nm was irradiated by a circularly polarized 20 fs laser pulse with an energy of ~150 J and an intensity of 1023 W/cm2. It was found that the detailed run of the ion acceleration process depends on the target thickness, though in both considered cases the radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) stage of ion acceleration is followed by a sheath acceleration stage, with a significant role in the post-RPA stage being played by the ballistic movement of ions. This hybrid acceleration mechanism leads to the production of an ultra-short (sub-picosecond) multi-GeV ion beam with a wide energy spectrum and an extremely high intensity (>1021 W/cm2) and ion fluence (>1017 cm−2). Heavy ion beams of such extreme parameters are hardly achievable in conventional RF-driven ion accelerators, so they could open the avenues to new areas of research in nuclear and high energy density physics, and possibly in other scientific domains.

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Ukhorskiy, A. Y., M. I. Sitnov, A. S. Sharma, B. J. Anderson, S. Ohtani, and A. T. Y. Lui. "Data-derived forecasting model for relativistic electron intensity at geosynchronous orbit." Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 9 (May 8, 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004gl019616.

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Pretzler, Georg, Felix Brandl, Jürgen Stein, Ernst Fill, and Jaroslav Kuba. "High-intensity regime of x-ray generation from relativistic laser plasmas." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 21 (May 26, 2003): 3623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1577832.

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Varin, C., and M. Piché. "Acceleration of ultra-relativistic electrons using high-intensity TM01 laser beams." Applied Physics B 74, S1 (June 2002): s83—s88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-002-0906-8.

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Li, Huan, Shohei Sakata, Tomoyuki Johzaki, Xiaobin Tang, Kazuki Matsuo, Seungho Lee, King Fai Farley Law, et al. "Enhanced relativistic electron beams intensity with self-generated resistive magnetic field." High Energy Density Physics 36 (August 2020): 100773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2020.100773.

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Jiao, J., B. Zhang, J. Yu, Z. Zhang, Y. Yan, S. He, Z. Deng, J. Teng, W. Hong, and Y. Gu. "Generating high-yield positrons and relativistic collisionless shocks by 10 PW laser." Laser and Particle Beams 35, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000106.

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AbstractRelativistic collisionless shock charged particle acceleration is considered as a possible origin of high-energy cosmic rays. However, it is hard to explore the nature of relativistic collisionless shock due to its low occurring frequency and remote detecting distance. Recently, there are some works attempt to solve this problem by generating relativistic collisionless shock in laboratory conditions. In laboratory, the scheme of generation of relativistic collisionless shock is that two electron–positron pair plasmas knock each other. However, in laboratory, the appropriate pair plasmas have been not generated. The 10 PW laser pulse maybe generates the pair plasmas that satisfy the formation condition of relativistic collisionless shock due to its ultrahigh intensity and energy. In this paper, we study the positron production by ultraintense laser high Z target interaction using numerical simulations, which consider quantum electrodynamics effect. The simulation results show that the forward positron beam up to 1013/kJ can be generated by 10 PW laser pulse interacting with lead target. The estimation of relativistic collisionless shock formation shows that the positron yield satisfies formation condition and the positron divergence needs to be controlled. Our results indicate that the generation of relativistic collisionless shock by 10 PW laser facilities in laboratory is possible.