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1
Główka, M. L., A. Olczak, J. Karolak-Wojciechowska, and E. Ciechanowska-Urbańska. "Classification and Distortion in Six-Coordinate Bis(salicylaldiminato)nickel(II) Complexes: Crystal Structure of Bis[2-[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino]-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediolato]nickel(II).2H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 54, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197008951.
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The crystal structure of a NiII complex with a tridentate chiral ligand has been determined with a final R of 0.042. The crystals were hexagonal, space group P61 with Z = 6, a = b = 18.498 (2), c = 16.328 (2) Å. The complex shows local tetrahedral (skewed) coordination of the metal by two salicyladimine ligands with a tetrahedrality angle of 89.4 (2)° and the Ni shifted by 0.13 Å from the geometric center of the coordination octahedron, both values being the largest ones observed so far in similar NiII six-coordinate complexes. Also a new, simple classification of six-coordinate bis(salicylaldiminato) complexes, based on the relative positions of coordinating atoms, has been proposed.
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Rutjens, Christel A. W., Paul H. M. Spauwen, and Pascal H. H. M. van Lieshout. "Lip Movement in Patients with a History of Unilateral Cleft Lip." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38, no. 5 (September 2001): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0468_lmipwa_2.0.co_2.
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Objective: The influence of a repaired cleft lip on the stability of coordination between upper and lower lip in nonspeech and speech tasks was investigated. Design: First, we looked at the effects of a secondary cleft lip repair in three individuals. Second, we compared subjects with a history of repaired unilateral cleft lip and subjects with no history of cleft lip (controls). Lip coordination was measured using continuous estimates of relative phase. Participants: Subjects were nine children and adolescents with a primary unilateral cleft lip and palate repair and 4 participants without cleft matched for age across different age categories. Results: In general, the averaged relative phase angle (RPA) angle values were smaller than 180 degrees, indicating an upper lip lead for lip closure. Controls showed a tendency toward a more symmetric type of coordination (close to 180 degrees), compared with subjects with a repaired unilateral cleft lip. The controls also showed less variation in coordination between the lips. For the more complex speech tasks, a general increase in variability of the RPA values for all subjects was observed, most likely suggesting a more flexible type of coordination. Regarding the effect of a secondary cleft lip repair, only one of the three patients showed a clearly less symmetric and less stable type of coordination, compared with preoperation results. Conclusions: There appear to be differences in lip coordination between speakers without and speakers with a repaired unilateral cleft lip. Furthermore, it seems that the stability of lip coordination tends to increase with age.
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Sun, Caige, Shengyong Zhang, Chuncheng Song, Jianhui Xu, and Fenglei Fan. "Investigation of Dynamic Coupling Coordination between Urbanization and the Eco-Environment—A Case Study in the Pearl River Delta Area." Land 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020190.
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The interaction between urbanization and the eco-environment is usually viewed as an effect–feedback framework. Its coupling system is composed of urbanization and eco-environment subsystems. In this paper, the coupling degree (CD) and the coupling coordinated degree (CCD) are used to reflect the coupling interaction and coupling coordination between the urbanization subsystem and the eco-environment subsystem. Based on the dynamic relative quantities of urbanization and eco-environment data in the Pearl River Delta, CD and CCD values were calculated, and the spatiotemporal evolution trend of coordination was analyzed. The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2015, the nine cities in the Pearl River Delta had high CD values and CCD values. Though they had different performances in different periods, they were all in a coordinated class, including good coordination (GC), moderate coordination (MC), and bare coordination (BC). (2) In terms of temporal evolution, the coupling coordination between urbanization and the eco-environment in the entire Pearl River Delta greatly improved. (3) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination of the central region was higher than that of the peripheral regions, and that of the west bank of the Pearl River was higher than that of the east bank of the Pearl River. These results can help local policy makers enact appropriate measures for sustainable development.
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Kogan, Shimon, Anthony M. Kwasnica, and Roberto A. Weber. "Coordination in the Presence of Asset Markets." American Economic Review 101, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 927–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.927.
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We explore the relationship between outcomes in a coordination game and a pre-play asset market where asset values are determined by outcomes in the subsequent coordination game. Across two experiments, we vary the payoffs from the market relative to the game, the degree of interdependence in the game, and whether traders' asset payoffs are dependent on outcomes in their own or another game. Markets lead to significantly lower efficiency across treatments, even when they produce no distortion of incentives in the game. Market prices forecast game outcomes. Our experiments shed light on how financial markets may influence affiliated economic outcomes. (JEL C91, D83, G13, G14)
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Romer, Braden H., Wendi Weimar, and John Fox. "Footwear Alters Lower Extremity Coordination Variability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 5 (July 23, 2019): 764–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519863183.
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Footwear has been shown to have a significant effect on numerous kinematic and kinetic variables during walking and running. While footwear mass is an indisputably important influence on gait patterns, we suspected that the amount of outsole material on most footwear would likely diminish or delay the integration of tactile feedback in motor control strategies during gait. Thus, we designed this study to investigate the influence of footwear and augmented tactile feedback on lower extremity coordination patterns during walking. A secondary purpose of the study was to examine gender differences in response to altered footwear conditions. Forty-eight participants (24 male and 24 females) walked during four standardized footwear conditions (barefoot, shod, barefoot with augmented tactile feedback, and shod with augmented tactile feedback), and we collected three-dimensional kinematic data and calculated continuous relative phase values for two adjacent lower extremity joints to determine interjoint coordination patterns. We used deviation phase and the mean of the continuous relative phase to compare motor coordination patterns across conditions. We found significant footwear and gender effects for spatiotemporal variables but only significant footwear effects for motor coordination patterns. Females displayed a significantly higher cadence and shorter height-normalized stride length as compared to males. Participants displayed significantly greater thigh-shank coordination variability in the shod, as compared to the unshod, conditions. Thus, footwear results in a diminished or delayed tactile feedback that alters neuromuscular control strategies during walking.
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Camugli Gallardo, Catherine. "L’intensification dans les expressions figées françaises à coordination interne." Actes du «27e colloque international sur le lexique et la grammaire» (L'Aquila, 10-13 septembre 2008). Première partie 32, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.2.07cam.
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An analysis of all the French expressions presenting a coordination reveals the conditions necessary to convey intensification values. The connector et (and) needs to have an additive value (or the connected value of precision or overbid) to trigger off intensification. This happens when it is combined with coordinated elements that have certain semantic connections with either addition or duplication : synonymy, total or partial referential convergence. Two degrees of intensification can be found : a relative degree (really, vraiment) when re-definition is at stake, and a high degree in the two other cases.
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Gaul, David, Arimin Mat, Donal O’Shea, and Johann Issartel. "Impaired Visual Motor Coordination in Obese Adults." Journal of Obesity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6178575.
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Objective. To investigate whether obesity alters the sensory motor integration process and movement outcome during a visual rhythmic coordination task. Methods. 88 participants (44 obese and 44 matched control) sat on a chair equipped with a wrist pendulum oscillating in the sagittal plane. The task was to swing the pendulum in synchrony with a moving visual stimulus displayed on a screen. Results. Obese participants demonstrated significantly (p<0.01) higher values for continuous relative phase (CRP) indicating poorer level of coordination, increased movement variability (p<0.05), and a larger amplitude (p<0.05) than their healthy weight counterparts. Conclusion. These results highlight the existence of visual sensory integration deficiencies for obese participants. The obese group have greater difficulty in synchronizing their movement with a visual stimulus. Considering that visual motor coordination is an essential component of many activities of daily living, any impairment could significantly affect quality of life.
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Vočadlo, Lidunka, Geoffrey D. Price, and I. G. Wood. "Crystal structure, compressibility and possible phase transitions in \boldvarepsilon-FeSi studied by first-principles pseudopotential calculations." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 55, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199001214.
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An investigation of the relative stability of the FeSi structure and of some hypothetical polymorphs of FeSi has been made by first-principles pseudopotential calculations. It has been shown that the observed distortion from ideal sevenfold coordination is essential in stabilizing the FeSi structure relative to one of the CsCl type. Application of high pressure to FeSi is predicted to produce a structure having nearly perfect sevenfold coordination. However, it appears that FeSi having a CsCl-type structure will be the thermodynamically most stable phase for pressures greater than 13 GPa. Fitting of the calculated internal energy vs volume for the FeSi structure to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state led to values, at T = 0 K, for the bulk modulus, K 0, and for its first derivative with respect to pressure, K 0′, of 227 GPa and 3.9, respectively.
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Straiotto, Bruno G., David P. Cook, Darren C. James, and P. John Seeley. "Interjoint Coordination in Kicking a Moving Target: A Comparison Between Elite and Nonelite Taekwondo Players." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2020-0359.
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Patterns of interjoint coordination in the kicking legs of taekwondo players were investigated to understand movement pattern variability as a functional property of skill level. Elite and nonelite players performed roundhouse kicks against a custom-built moving target fitted with an accelerometer, and movements were recorded by motion capture. Average foot segment velocities of 13.6 and 11.4 m/s were recorded for elite and nonelite players, respectively (P < .05), corresponding to target accelerations of 87.5 and 70.8g (P < .05). Gradient values derived from piecewise linear regression of continuous relative phase curves established the comparative incoordination of nonelite taekwondo players in the form of an overshoot behavior during the crucial period leading to target impact (P < .05). This overshoot was apparent in both knee–hip and ankle–knee continuous relative phase curves. Elite players generated greater limb speed and impact force through more effective limb segment coordination. The combination of continuous relative phase and piecewise linear regression techniques allowed identification of alternate joint control approaches in the 2 groups.
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Іващенко, О. В., С. А. Пашкевич, and Ю. В. Крінін. "Comparative characteristics of functional coordination and force readiness boys 8—9 grades." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2014.2.1099.
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Purpose — to determine the characteristics of functional and motor fitness guys eighth and ninth grades.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives following methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, teacher testing and statistical methods of processing the results of the study. The study involved 17 boys 8th grade, 17 children in grade 9.Conclusions. The guys 8—9 classes standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients enable us to determine the relative contributions of the variables in the function result. Most contribution to the canonical function are changeable 1, 5 and 2: the larger the values of these variables, the greater the value of the function. The above indicates the possibility of evaluating the functional readiness of pupils of 8—9 classes with the help of samples Stange, Genchi and Serkin.The guys 8—9 classes standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients, which allow us to determine the relative contributions of the variables in the function result. Most contribution to the canonical function variables are 8, 7 and 9: the higher the values of these variables, the greater the value of the function. The above indicates the possibility of assessment of motor readiness of pupils of 8—9 classes by means of tests 8, 7 and 9. The boys grades 8—9 structural factors canonical discriminant function show that the most significant feature is associated with 8 and 9 variables: the more attention is paid to the static speed and power, the greater the likelihood improve motor fitness children grades 8—9.
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Sankar, Muniappan, Puttaiah Bhyrappa, Babu Varghese, K. K. Praneeth, and G. Vaijayanthimala. "Meso-tetrakis(3',5'-di-substituted-phenyl)porphyrins: structural, electrochemical redox and axial ligation properties." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 09, no. 06 (June 2005): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424605000514.
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A family of meta octa-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives and their metal ( Cu(II) and Zn(II) ) complexes were examined by electrochemical studies. These functionalized MTPPs exhibited a dramatic anodic shift (>200 mV ) in their first ring redox potentials relative to the para-phenyl substituted-MTPP(X) complexes and follow a fairly linear relationship with the Hammett parameter of the substituents. The extent of Lewis acidity of the core Zn(II) center in these porphyrins was probed by axial ligation of bases of varying pK a values. The increase in K eq values of the electron deficient Zn(II) porphyrins are as high as an order of magnitude and increase with anodic shift of the electrochemical redox potentials of the porphyrin. A crystal structure of the Zn(II) octa(carboxyethylester phenyl)porphyrin shows six-coordination geometry with the coordination through peripheral ester groups to form a supramolecular two-dimensional layer structure while the ZnT (3',5'- DMP ) P complex exhibited a five-coordinate structure.
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ZUBOV, V. I., M. F. PASCUAL, and C. G. RODRIGUES. "INTERATOMIC CORRELATION MOMENTS AND MEAN SQUARE RELATIVE DISPLACEMENTS IN AN ANHARMONIC CRYSTAL WITH THE FACE-CENTERED CUBIC LATTICE." Modern Physics Letters B 10, no. 21 (September 10, 1996): 1043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984996001188.
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Using the correlative method of unsymmetrized self-consistent field we study the dynamical properties of anharmonic crystals, namely, the quadratic correlations between atomic displacements from the equilibrium positions and their mean square relative displacements in anharmonic crystals. In the present paper we calculate these values for a weakly anharmonic crystals with the face-centered cubic lattice in which the nearest neighbors interact. The second order of the method enables one to calculate for this lattice the correlations between the nearest, second, third and fourth neighbors. The results are compared with those obtained previously for simplified models. The dependence on the coordination number and on the dimensionality of the lattice is discussed.
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Dever, Dennis E., Kellen T. Krajewski, Camille C. Johnson, Katelyn F. Allison, Nizam U. Ahamed, Mita Lovalekar, Qi Mi, Shawn D. Flanagan, William J. Anderst, and Chris Connaboy. "Increases in Load Carriage Magnitude and Forced Marching Change Lower-Extremity Coordination in Physically Active, Recruit-Aged Women." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2020-0340.
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The objective was to examine the interactive effects of load magnitude and locomotion pattern on lower-extremity joint angles and intralimb coordination in recruit-aged women. Twelve women walked, ran, and forced marched at body weight and with loads of +25%, and +45% of body weight on an instrumented treadmill with infrared cameras. Joint angles were assessed in the sagittal plane. Intralimb coordination of the thigh–shank and shank–foot couple was assessed with continuous relative phase. Mean absolute relative phase (entire stride) and deviation phase (stance phase) were calculated from continuous relative phase. At heel strike, forced marching exhibited greater (P < .001) hip flexion, knee extension, and ankle plantar flexion compared with running. At mid-stance, knee flexion (P = .007) and ankle dorsiflexion (P = .04) increased with increased load magnitude for all locomotion patterns. Forced marching (P = .009) demonstrated a “stiff-legged” locomotion pattern compared with running, evidenced by the more in-phase mean absolute relative phase values. Running (P = .03) and walking (P = .003) had greater deviation phase than forced marching. Deviation phase increased for running (P = .03) and walking (P < .001) with increased load magnitude but not for forced marching. With loads of >25% of body weight, forced marching may increase risk of injury due to inhibited energy attenuation up the kinetic chain and lack of variability to disperse force across different supportive structures.
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Carley, D. W., E. Onal, R. Aronson, and M. Lopata. "Breath-by-breath interactions between inspiratory and expiratory duration in occlusive sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 2312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.5.2312.
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We examined interactions between inspiratory duration (TI), expiratory duration (TE), and inspiratory (esophageal) pressure (Pes) generation in seven subjects with confirmed occlusive sleep apnea. Breath-by-breath values of TI, TE, and Pes were identified by digital computer during 21 260-s epochs of repetitive occlusive apnea during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep. The control theory of interacting nonlinear oscillators was used to categorize the interaction between TI and TE for each epoch as either 1) synchronization, the strongest possible interaction between biological oscillators; 2) relative entrainment, a moderate interaction between oscillators; or 3) relative coordination, a weak interaction. The latter two interactions were characterized by systemic oscillations in the moving cross-correlation between TI and TE. The relationship between TI and Pes was analyzed in a similar fashion. Significant oscillations were present in all three parameters (P less than 0.0001 for each). We observed significant negative correlations between TI and TE and between TI and Pes (P less than 0.001 for each) when all breaths for all epochs were pooled. In no epoch was there a significant positive correlation between TI and TE or Pes. All three interactions were observed between TI and TE: five epochs of synchronization, nine of relative entrainment, and seven of relative coordination. In contrast, 19 of 21 epochs exhibited synchronization between TI and Pes, with 2 epochs of relative entrainment. The relative frequency of TI vs. Pes synchronization was significantly greater than TI vs. TE synchronization (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Dubyagin, Alexander, Volodymyr Gurуеv, and Irina Firsova. "INTER-LEVEL BALANCE: INDICATORS OF THE OBJECT’S LEVEL STRUCTURE, ITS CHANGES AND COORDINATION – THE AGGREGATE FORM." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 2(16) (2019): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-2(16)-62-70.
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Urgency of the research. Indicators of the object's level structure, its changes and coordination, as one of the specific categories of the inter-level balance's indicators, provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the managed object's structure, its structural shifts, losses and replenishment based on the attribute measured in its units in the ratio scale. Target setting. The corresponding inter-level balance indicators, presented previously through the unweighted (nonaggregated) components of the latter, do not represent a possible assessment. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The calculation of non-aggregated indicators of the object's level structure, its changes and coordination is carried out through the values of the number of movable and immovable object units. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Evaluation of the effects of a control action on a structured object that is performed in the values of the measured attribute and is explained by the inter-level movement of units of this object. The research objective. To formulate the indicators of the object's level structure, its changes and coordination in the system of inter-level balance's indices by formulating rules for calculating them in aggregate form. The statement of basic materials. The aggregate form of the inter-level balance model is based on such components of the balance as level replenishment (losses) of the object, which explains the effects of the control action on the object at different levels of their systematization in the model. The result of such systematization is the system of aggregated balance indicators, among which the level structure of the object, its changes and coordination determine the level structure, evaluate the structural shifts and compare the components of the level structure of the object through the aggregate values of the attribute measured at its units at one level or another. The investigated indicators are formulated as absolute, relative and average values. Conclusions. The proposed inter-level balance's indicators are important for assessing the impact and effectiveness of the control effect on a structured object.
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Travassos, Bruno, Duarte Araújo, Keith Davids, Pedro T. Esteves, and Orlando Fernandes. "Improving Passing Actions in Team Sports by Developing Interpersonal Interactions between Players." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.4.677.
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We investigated how interpersonal coordination tendencies of players in Futsal constrained performance of passing actions. To achieve this aim, we digitized 24 digital video film clips of attacking phases in competitive Futsal games. Values of interpersonal distance between players were recorded from the moment at which a teammate performed the pass to the ball carrier, to the moment of pass initiation by the ball carrier. Our results revealed that performance of passing actions was constrained by a convergence in interpersonal distance values between players. Pass efficacy seemed to be constrained by changes in interpersonal distance values between the ball carrier and the 2nd defender without a correspondent adaptation in ball velocity. Based on our results, we suggest three training phases for developing passing performance in Futsal by manipulating key constraints in the performance environment relative to the interpersonal distance values between players.
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Ko, Chang-Yong, Yunhee Chang, Bora Jeong, Sungjae Kang, Jeicheong Ryu, and Gyoosuk Kim. "Effects of knee sleeves on coordination of lower-limb segments in healthy adults during level walking and one-leg hopping." PeerJ 5 (May 18, 2017): e3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3340.
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The evaluation of multisegment coordination is important in gaining a better understanding of the gait and physical activities in humans. Therefore, this study aims to verify whether the use of knee sleeves affects the coordination of lower-limb segments during level walking and one-leg hopping. Eleven healthy male adults participated in this study. They were asked to walk 10 m on a level ground and perform one-leg hops with and without a knee sleeve. The segment angles and the response velocities of the thigh, shank, and foot were measured and calculated by using a motion analysis system. The phases between the segment angle and the velocity were then calculated. Moreover, the continuous relative phase (CRP) was calculated as the phase of the distal segment subtracted from the phase of the proximal segment and denoted as CRPTS (thigh–shank), CRPSF (shank–foot), and CRPTF (thigh–foot). The root mean square (RMS) values were used to evaluate the in-phase or out-of-phase states, while the standard deviation (SD) values were utilized to evaluate the variability in the stance and swing phases during level walking and in the preflight, flight, and landing phases during one-leg hopping. The walking velocity and the flight time improved when the knee sleeve was worn (p < 0.05). The segment angles of the thigh and shank also changed when the knee sleeve was worn during level walking and one-leg hopping. The RMS values of CRPTS and CRPSF in the stance phase and the RMS values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases changed (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, the SD values of CRPTS in the landing phase and the SD values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases increased (p < 0.05 in all cases). These results indicated that wearing a knee sleeve caused changes in segment kinematics and coordination.
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Mulugeta, Yonas, and Hagos Woldeghebriel. "Structural evolution and stabilities of negatively charged lead telluride clusters." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 13, no. 05 (August 2014): 1450043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633614500436.
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The equilibrium geometric structures, relative stabilities and electronic properties of negatively charged lead telluride clusters are systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The result offered both vertical and adiabatic detachment energies (VDEs and ADEs) for these clusters, divulging an outline of alternating values in which odd n clusters exhibited higher values than even n clusters. Simulations found the negatively charged lead telluride clusters with even n to be thermodynamically more stable than their immediate odd n neighbors, with a consistent pattern also being found in their HOMO–LUMO (HL) gaps. Analysis of the clusters dissociation energies found at [Formula: see text] cluster to be the preferred product of the queried fragmentation processes, consistent with our finding that [Formula: see text] cluster exhibits enhanced stability. Beyond n = 12, this study showed that the negatively charged ( PbTe )nclusters in the size range n = 13 – 20, prefer two-dimensional stacking of face-sharing lead telluride cubical units, where lead and tellurium atoms possess a maximum of five-fold coordination. The preference for six-fold coordination, which is observed in the bulk, was not observed at these cluster sizes.
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KHAJIL, T. M. A., S. M. MUJIBUR RAHMAN, and G. M. BHUIYAN. "COORDINATION AND STRUCTURAL ENERGETICS OF VARIOUS PHASES OF Ni." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 14 (June 10, 2001): 2067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005714.
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Nickel is one of the most versatile metals in the transition series of the periodic table. We have investigated the coordination and the cohesion of Ni corresponding to its various phases. The neighboring distances and the coordination numbers are estimated from the observed and simulated pair distribution functions (PDF) g(r) relevant to the various phases. Since the profiles of these functions are not symmetric, we have used the concept of minimum-to-minimum positions of the PDFs to estimate the successive coordination numbers for the solid amorphous and microcrystalline phases. The approximate values of the pseudo-lattice vectors estimated from the peak positions of the PDFs are employed to calculate the total energies for the amorphous and the microcrystalline phases of Ni in terms of the pseudopotential theory. The roles of the s- and d-electrons in the cohesion of Ni have been investigated by calculating the free energies for the relevant phases. The calculated energetics reveal the relative stability of the various phases in a qualitative manner. It is noted that the d-electrons play the dominant role in predicting the stability of the various phases; the s-electrons merely supplement the d-electron trend. Since the formalism corresponds to very low temperature, the lattice vibrations [Einstein model] do not seem to play any visible role in the prediction.
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Stranius, Kati, Rachel Jacobs, Eranda Maligaspe, Helge Lemmetyinen, Nikolai V. Tkachenko, Melvin E. Zandler, and Francis D'Souza. "Excitation transfer in metal-ligand coordinated free-base porphyrin-magnesium phthalocyanine and free-base porphyrin-magnesium naphthalocyanine dyads." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 11 (November 2010): 948–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610002847.
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Singlet excitation transfer in self-assembled dyads formed via axial coordination of imidazole appended free-base tetraphenylporphyrin, H2PIm , to either a magnesium phthalocyanine, MgPc , or a magnesium naphthalocyanine, MgNc is investigated in non-coordinating solvents using spectroscopic (optical and mass), electrochemical, and time-resolved transient absorption techniques. The newly assembled dyads are fully characterized by spectroscopic, computational and electrochemical methods. The binding constants measured from optical absorption spectral data are found to be in the range of 103–104 M-1 for the 1:1 dyads suggesting fairly stable complex formation. However, the anticipated 2:1 complex for Mg coordination is not observed under the present solution conditions. Electrochemical and computational studies suggested that photoinduced electron transfer to be a thermodynamically unfavorable process when free-base porphyrin is excited in these dyads. However, selective excitation of H2PIm entity in these dyads resulted in rapid excitation transfer and the position of the imidazole linkage on the H2P entity seem to direct the overall efficiency of excited energy transfer. Kinetics of energy transfer is monitored by transient absorption measurements using pump-probe technique and is compared with the earlier reported H2PIm:ZnPc and H2PIm:ZnNc dyads. The time constants are in the order of 0.2–18 ps depending upon the type and relative orientation of the donor and acceptor entities of the dyad indicating ultrafast excitation transfer, and agree fairly well with theoretically estimated values assuming Förster energy transfer mechanism.
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Road, J. D., A. M. Leevers, E. Goldman, and A. Grassino. "Respiratory muscle coordination and diaphragm length during expiratory threshold loading." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 1554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.4.1554.
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Active expiration is produced by the abdominal muscles and the rib cage expiratory muscles. We hypothesized that the relative contribution of these two groups to expiration would affect diaphragmatic length and, hence, influence the subsequent inspiration. To address this question we measured the respiratory muscle response to expiratory threshold loading in spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs. Prevagotomy, the increase in lung volume (functional residual capacity) and decrease in initial resting length of the diaphragm were attenuated by greater than 50% of values predicted by the passive relationships. Diaphragmatic activation (electromyogram) increased and tidal volume (VT) was preserved. Postvagotomy, effective expiratory muscle recruitment was abolished. The triangularis sterni muscle remained active, and the increase in lung volume was attenuated by less than 15% of that predicted by the passive relationship. Diaphragmatic length was shorter than predicted. VT was not restored, even though costal diaphragmatic and parasternal intercostal electromyogram increased. During expiratory threshold loading with abdominal muscles resected and vagus intact, recruitment of the rib cage expiratory muscles produced a reduction in lung volume comparable with prevagotomy; however, diaphragmatic length decreased markedly. Both the rib cage and abdominal expiratory muscles may defend lung volume; however, their combined action is important to restore diaphragmatic initial length and, accordingly, to preserve VT.
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Ivashchenko, O. V., O. M. Khudolii, S. S. Iermakov, V. V. Prykhodko, and M. Cieslicka. "Movement Coordination: Identification of Age-Related Dynamics of its Development in Girls Aged 11-13." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 18, no. 2 (June 23, 2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2018.2.06.
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The study objective is to determine the possibility of identifying the state of coordination abilities development in girls aged 11-13 using the methodology of multidimensional statistics.
Materials and methods. The study involved girls aged 11 (n=20), 12 (n=23), 13 (n=19). To evaluate motor preparedness, the study recorded the results of motor tests, body height and weight. The IBM SPSS 20 statistical analysis software was used to process the study materials. A discriminant analysis was performed.
Results. To identify the level of coordination abilities development in girls aged 11, 12 and 13, the following tests can be used: test 4 “Pull-ups (number of times)”, test 2 “Standing long jump (cm)”, test 6 “Evaluation of the sense of movement speed in sprinting”, and test 9 “Static equilibrium evaluation by E. Ya. Bondarevsky’s method”, which characterize relative and speed strength, the sense of running speed and vestibular stability.
To identify the state of coordination abilities development in girls aged 12-13, the following tests can be used: test 12 “Rhythmic hand tapping”, test 13 “Rhythmic movements of upper and lower limbs”, test 5 “Sit-ups in 30 seconds”, test 7 “Evaluation of the ability to differentiate movement speed (reproduction accuracy of running speed at 80% intensity of maximum)”, which characterize the movement coordination of different parts of the body, strength endurance of abdominal muscles, and the evaluation of the ability to differentiate movement speed.
Conclusions. A discriminant analysis made it possible to determine informative indicators for a comprehensive control of coordination abilities development in girls aged 11-13; to answer the questions as to how the states of coordination abilities development in girls aged 11, 12 and 13 significantly differ; what motor tests most substantially influence the differentiation of classes; what class the object belongs to based on the values of discriminant variables.
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Li, Huazhong, and Xiaobin Yin. "Tunable Luminescence Emission and Treatment Activity on Sepsis Acute Lung Injury of a New Cd(II) Complex." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4191.
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Under the hydrothermal reaction conditions, a novel coordination compound based on Cd(II) ion as nodes formulated as [Cd(L)0.5(bpp)2]n·2n(H2O) (1 H4L = 3,3′,5,5′-azobenzentetracarboxylic acid, bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane), was synthesized via the dual ligand strategy. By varying the excitation wavelength, compound 1 exhibited tunable luminescence emission. Furthermore, the application values of the compound on sepsisinduced acute lung injury were studied, and the specific mechanism was discussed. The inflammatory cytokines released from alveolar lavage fluid were detected using an ELISA kit after CP therapy. Real-time RT-PCR was applied to monitor the relative expression of lncRNA NANCI in lung epithelial cells.
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Mutchler, Jessica A., Klarie Macias, Barry A. Munkasy, Samuel J. Wilson, John C. Garner, and Li Li. "Kinematic and Coordination Variability in Runners with and Without Patellofemoral Pain." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.3p.58.
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Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common overuse injury that has been suggested to cause abnormal gait kinematics and variability in runners with PFP. Conflicting results have been presented as to the variability of joint kinematics and joint coordination. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the variability of lower extremity kinematics and joint coordination in the presence of PFP and exertion. Methods: Six female runners with PFP and matched controls (CON) ran at a self-selected pace on an instrumented treadmill until exertion or pain criteria was met. Sixteen anatomical retroreflective markers and seven tracking clusters were placed on the participants’ lower extremities. Data collected for 20 steps from the beginning, middle, and end of the run were processed. Kinematic variability was assessed for each participant by calculating the standard deviation (SD) of peak knee flexion, internal rotation, and adduction angle and their velocities. Continuous relative phase (CRP) mean values were calculated from normalized phase plots for coordination relationships between knee horizontal plane motion and hip sagittal, frontal, and horizontal and ankle frontal plane motion. Coordination variability was calculated as the CRP coupling SD over 100% of stance for each time point for each participant. Statistical comparisons were assessed through a 2 (PFP vs. CON) x 3 (beginning, middle, end) repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was an increase in variability for peak knee adduction angle, peak knee adduction velocity, hip flexion/knee rotation CRP, and knee rotation/rearfoot eversion CRP over time for the PFP group compared with CON (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pain and exertion increase the variability of joint kinematics and joint coordination reflecting decreased movement control towards the end of a run.
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Zhong, Bo, and Rong Chen. "Based on Mechanical Vibration Test Machine V-Belt Transmission Design." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2518.
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The essay has solved the optimization problem turning multi-objective problem into a single target by using weighting factor to the use of V-belt driving gear. According to engineering requirements, mechanical vibration test machine has determined the coordination of the various coefficients as a single objective optimization function after considering multiple conflicting incommensurability of the objective function, and combining practical experience and computing experience. Conditions on system requirements and relative constraints have been given in the form of constraint functions. Finally, the overall optimal solution has been calculated with the direct method, and an integrated optimal solution can have different numerical values by calculating it for different project objectives and specific requirements.
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Bellucci, Luca, Gregorio Bottaro, Luca Labella, Fabio Marchetti, Simona Samaritani, Daniela Belli Dell'Amico, and Lidia Armelao. "1D-Zigzag Eu3+/Tb3+ Coordination Chains as Luminescent Ratiometric Thermometers Endowed with Multicolor Emission." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 6445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216445.
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Two homometallic Coordination Polymers (CPs) with composition [Ln(hfac)3bipy]n (Ln3+ = Eu3+, 1, and Tb3+, 2; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonato, bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) were used to develop a family of ratiometric luminescent thermometers containing Eu3+ and Tb3+ as red and green emitters, respectively. The thermometric properties of pure CPs and of their mixtures having an Eu3+/Tb3+ molar ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10 (samples: Eu1Tb1, Eu1Tb3, Eu1Tb5, and Eu1Tb10) were studied in the 83–383 K temperature range. Irrespective of the chemical composition, we observed similar thermometric responses characterized by broad applicative temperature ranges (from 100 to 165 K wide), and high relative thermal sensitivity values (Sr), up to 2.40% K−1, in the physiological temperature range (298–318 K). All samples showed emissions endowed with peculiar and continuous color variation from green (83 K) to red (383 K) that can be exploited to develop a colorimetric temperature indicator. At fixed temperature, the color of the emitted light can be tuned by varying composition and excitation wavelength.
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Hou, Huiying, and Hao Wu. "A case study of facilities management for heritage building revitalisation." Facilities 38, no. 3/4 (September 30, 2019): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-02-2019-0020.
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Purpose Heritage building revitalisation (HBR) is gaining its popularity to intervene historic buildings/sites for their conservation and reuse. Given that multiple stake-holding situations are often involved in HBR process, coordination or managerial problem may hinder versatile facilities design for operational efficiency while preserving the heritage values. To address the coordination challenge, this paper aims to examine the relevance and relative advantages of a FM-led revitalisation strategy for HBR, which the existing literature has not yet addressed. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a case study approach to a major HBR project in Hong Kong. This study conducted field observations and interviews, which were combined with publicly accessible policy and project information to identify stakeholders’ opinions and specifications for the role of facilities management (FM) in HBR project process. Findings The paper reveals the role of FM in coordinating the HBR process for the benefits of stakeholders and general community. FM allows a balanced approach to heritage building adaptation, sound user experience and broader community effects. This enables efficient decision-making, creative facilities design and effective public engagement. FM’s strength of fitting in the urban renewal context illustrates its comparative advantage for heritage conservation and revitalisation management. Research limitations/implications This study develops a conceptual map to identify FM’s role in heritage building conservation and revitalisation. This will enhance process evaluation and project decision-making that are central to heritage conservation policy and HBR intervention practices. Originality/value This study examines relevance and advantage of FM-led business strategy for HBR, which the existing literature has not yet addressed. It discovers FM’s strategic roles and initiates a conceptual framework for evaluation of heritage conservation management.
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Pandya, Maulik. "Voltage Stability Enhancement by Coordination of SVC and TCSC Using Particle Swarm Optimization." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2019.8.2.2366.
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The Flexible AC Transmission System (FATCS) plays a vital role in power system performance enhancement. They attributes to accomplish faster and having answers for many issues in power system study. With regards to this, a particles warm optimization (PSO) algorithm is implemented so that to design the coordinated parameters of static VAR compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). Transient stability of a power system is based on the generator relative rotor angles obtained from time domain simulations outputs. A self-sufficient model of IEEE fourteen bus systems has been given with full detail and voltage stability analysis is done by considering load changing at a bus. PSO applied here is built on searching the values of L and C of SVC, then one can achieve desired and fine coordination. PSO is available with few modification, as change in PSO range & number, difference in selection criteria technique, control technique etc, with due respect to normalize PSO. The results are compared and found that coordination of FACTS devices with each other promises the efficiency of the suggested method for revamping Power flows. When function of TCSC is impelled by some curb, adjustable SVC can supply additional support to upgrade the gross performance.
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DiCesare, Christopher A., Alicia Montalvo, Kim D. Barber Foss, Staci M. Thomas, Timothy E. Hewett, Neeru A. Jayanthi, and Gregory D. Myer. "Sport Specialization and Coordination Differences in Multisport Adolescent Female Basketball, Soccer, and Volleyball Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-407-18.
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Context Early sport specialization, or the participation in 1 sport year-round to the exclusion of all others, is a growing concern in youth athletics because of its possible association with musculoskeletal injury. The underlying injury risk may be the result of coordination differences that sport-specialized athletes have been speculated to exhibit relative to multisport athletes; however, little evidence exists to support or refute this notion. Objective To examine relative hip- and knee-joint angular-motion variability among adolescent sport-specialized and multisport female adolescent athletes to determine how sport specialization may affect coordination. Design Cohort study. Setting Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 366 sport-specialized and 366 multisport adolescent female basketball, soccer, and volleyball players. Intervention(s) Drop–vertical-jump (DVJ) assessment. Main Outcome Measure(s) Average coupling-angle variability (CAV) for hip flexion and knee flexion, knee flexion and ankle flexion, hip flexion and knee abduction, knee flexion and knee abduction, knee flexion and knee internal rotation, and knee abduction and knee internal rotation. Results The sport-specialized group exhibited increased coupling variability in dominant-limb hip flexion and knee flexion (P = .015), knee flexion and knee abduction (P = .014), and knee flexion and knee internal rotation (P = .048) while landing during the DVJ, although they had small effect sizes (η2 = 0.010, 0.010, and 0.007, respectively). No differences were present between groups for any of the other CAV measures of the dominant limb, and no differences were found for any CAV measures of the nondominant limb (all P values > .05). Conclusions Sport specialization was associated with increased variability of critical hip- and knee-joint couplings responsible for effective landing during the DVJ. Altered coordination strategies that involve the hip and knee joints may underlie unstable landings, inefficient force-absorption strategies, or greater contact forces that can place the lower extremities at risk for injury (or a combination of these).
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Scott, William H., Karen M. Coyne, Monique M. Johnson, Christopher G. Lausted, Manjit Sahota, and Arthur T. Johnson. "Effects of Caffeine on Performance of Low Intensity Tasks." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 2 (April 2002): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.521.
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31 college age men and women who consume less than three caffeinated beverages per week agreed to participate as subjects in research on the effects of acute caffeine intake on low intensity task performance. All subjects performed two randomly administered test conditions: (1) caffeine (5 mg/kg) and (2) placebo on separate visits following an initial 1-hr. orientation visit. Subjects were administered the beverage 30 min. prior to performing 12 separate tests assessing basic mathematics, simple response, logical reasoning, hand-eye coordination, and spatial and assembly skills. The Spielberger State Anxiety test was administered immediately after consuming the test beverage and once again at posttest. Analysis showed that caffeine did not significantly affect performance on all tests with the exception of the peripheral awareness (hand-eye coordination) test on which performance was higher after ingesting caffeine. The placebo treatment produced no effect on state anxiety, which contrasted with a significant rise in anxiety after caffeine consumption. State anxiety values were significantly greater after caffeine treatment relative to the placebo at pretest, and this difference persisted at posttest. These results demonstrated that the dose of caffeine increased scores on state anxiety for individuals who consumed less than three caffeinated beverages weekly but had very little effect on performance of low intensity tasks, except for a hand-eye coordination test involving peripheral awareness. Perhaps longer continuous performance of more demanding tasks would be more sensitive.
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Shim, Jae Kun, Brendan S. Lay, Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky, and Mark L. Latash. "Age-related changes in finger coordination in static prehension tasks." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 1 (July 2004): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00045.2004.
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We studied age-related changes in the performance of maximal and accurate submaximal force and moment production tasks. Elderly and young subjects pressed on six dimensional force sensors affixed to a handle with a T-shaped attachment. The weight of the whole system was counterbalanced with another load. During tasks that required the production of maximal force or maximal moment by all of the digits, young subjects were stronger than elderly. A greater age-related deficit was seen in the maximal moment production tests. During maximal force production tests, elderly subjects showed larger relative involvement of the index and middle fingers; they moved the point of thumb force application upward (toward the index and middle fingers), whereas the young subjects rolled the thumb downward. During accurate force/moment production trials, elderly persons were less accurate in the production of both total moment and total force. They produced higher antagonistic moments, i.e., moment by fingers that acted against the required direction of the total moment. Both young and elderly subjects showed negative covariation of finger forces across repetitions of a ramp force production task. In accurate moment production tasks, both groups showed negative covariation of two components of the total moment: those produced by the normal forces and those produced by the tangential forces. However, elderly persons showed lower values of the indexes of both finger force covariation and moment covariation. We conclude that age is associated with an impaired ability to produce both high moments and accurate time profiles of moments. This impairment goes beyond the well-documented deficits in finger and hand force production by elderly persons. It involves worse coordination of individual digit forces and of components of the total moment. Some atypical characteristics of finger forces may be viewed as adaptive to the increased variability in the force production with age.
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EVANS, NICHOLAS, HENRIK BERGQVIST, and LILA SAN ROQUE. "The grammar of engagement I: framework and initial exemplification." Language and Cognition 10, no. 1 (November 6, 2017): 110–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2017.21.
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abstractHuman language offers rich ways to track, compare, and engage the attentional and epistemic states of interlocutors. While this task is central to everyday communication, our knowledge of the cross-linguistic grammatical means that target such intersubjective coordination has remained basic. In two serialised papers, we introduce the term ‘engagement’ to refer to grammaticalised means for encoding the relative mental directedness of speaker and addressee towards an entity or state of affairs, and describe examples of engagement systems from around the world. Engagement systems express the speaker’s assumptions about the degree to which their attention or knowledge is shared (or not shared) by the addressee. Engagement categories can operate at the level of entities in the here-and-now (deixis), in the unfolding discourse (definiteness vs indefiniteness), entire event-depicting propositions (through markers with clausal scope), and even metapropositions (potentially scoping over evidential values). In this first paper, we introduce engagement and situate it with respect to existing work on intersubjectivity in language. We then explore the key role of deixis in coordinating attention and expressing engagement, moving through increasingly intercognitive deictic systems from those that focus on the the location of the speaker, to those that encode the attentional state of the addressee.
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Bhyrappa, Puttaiah, Bhavana Purushothaman, and Jagadese J. Vittal. "Highly brominated porphyrins: synthesis, structure and their properties." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 07, no. 10 (October 2003): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424603000859.
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This article reports the first perbromination of β-pyrrole and meso-phenyl groups of the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)porphinato copper(II) to generate highly brominated porphyrin, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2',6'-dibromo-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-porphinato copper(II), CuT (3',5'- DMP ) PBr 16 complex. Its crystal structure exhibited unusual five-coordination geometry with saddle shaped conformation of the porphyrin core. H2T(3',5'- DMP ) PBr 16 and its metal complexes exhibited large anodic shift of oxidation potentials with marginal changes in reduction potentials relative to their corresponding octabromotetraphenylporphyrin, MTPPBr 8 derivatives. The enhanced electron deficiency of the ZnT (3',5'-DMP)PBr16 complex was probed by axial ligation of various Lewis bases with differing pK a values. The ZnT (3',5'-DMP)PBr16 complex exhibited decrease in equilibrium constants for the ligation of bases relative to sterically unhindered ZnTPPBr 8. This has been ascribed to the sterics induced by the bulky ortho-bromo phenyl substituents that prevents the facile binding of Lewis bases to the Zn (II)-center.
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Kalra, Yash P. "Determination of pH of Soils by Different Methods: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 2 (March 1, 1995): 310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.2.310.
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Abstract Fifty-three laboratories (including author’s) from Canada, India, Israel, and the United States participated in a collaborative study for the measurement of pH of different types of soils. A method with 2 alternative procedures was used for pH measurements of mineral soils (alternative I for soils containing less than 17⋊ organic carbon and alternative II for soils with variable salt content), a second method was used for saline-sodic soils, and a third method was used for organic soils (soils containing at least 17⋊ organic carbon). The pH was measured potentiometricaIly. The methods were selected by the Soil Science Society of America, S889 Committee on Coordination of Official Methods of Soil Analysis. Each laboratory used all 4 procedures to analyze 10 blind duplicate samples per procedure. The repeatability relative standard deviation values (RSDr) were 1.45–7.80% for mineral soils tested by the alternative 1,0.95–6.91% for mineral soils tested by the alternative II, 0.74–7.09% for saline-sodic soils, and 0.73–4.66% for organic soils. The corresponding reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values were 2.67–10.75%, 2.03–7.54%, 2.45–9.93%, and 2.15–6.32%. Repeatability and reproducibility data indicated that the results are within acceptable levels. The 3 methods for pH measurements of mineral, saline-sodic, and organic soils were adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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LOPES, HELENA, ANA C. SANTOS, and NUNO TELES. "The motives for cooperation in work organizations." Journal of Institutional Economics 5, no. 3 (October 23, 2009): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990038.
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Abstract:This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of cooperation in productive ventures, conceived of as collective action endeavours that require cooperation rather than mere coordination. It is argued that cooperative behaviour is grounded on three kinds of ‘common goods’, defined as goods that are shared and recognized as beneficial by the workers. These comprise common goals, relational satisfaction, and moral norms and values. The commonly held goods are associated with motives and behavioural rules which constitute both the reasons for cooperating and the means through which the dilemmatic nature of cooperation is overcome. It is further argued that the binding character of these rules is closely linked to humans’ ability and opportunity to communicate. Normative guidelines relative to management practices and directions for future research are also derived.
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Bolinger, Christopher, and James Dembowski. "Acoustic Characteristics of Stop Consonants in Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 25, no. 1 (July 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod25.1.29.
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Speech of children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has been little studied compared to language. Becker, Warr-Leeper, and Leeper (1990), found a relationship between prenatal alcohol exposure, oral motor control, and speech articulation. Behavioral tests suggest deficits in focal oral motor control specific to children with FAS (Bolinger & Dembowski, 2010). The current project extends that investigation through acoustic measures. Peak and mean frequencies of stop consonant releases were used to infer control of place of articulation. Voice onset time (VOT) was used to infer articulatory-laryngeal coordination. Preliminary measures on 3 experimental speakers and 2 matched neurotypical controls suggest higher stop consonant frequencies in the experimental group, with a poorer distinction between alveolar and velar stops than in the control group. Voiced VOT values were significantly longer for FAS children than for controls. Mean voiceless VOTs were similar across groups, but substantially more variable for the FAS children. Values may be interpreted as acoustic evidence for specific speech motor control deficits in FAS children relative to matched neurotypical children.
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Beltyukova, S. V., O. I. Teslyuk, and E. O. Liventsova. "SORPTION-LUMINESCENT DETERMINATION OF OROTIC ACID IN MEDICINAL DRUGS." Odesa National University Herald. Chemistry 26, no. 1(77) (July 27, 2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-0947.2021.1(77).226138.
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Luminescent properties of orotic acid (vitamin B13), known bioactive substance, have been evaluated in this research. It has been shown that inside a coordination complex of orotic acid with terbium (III) an intermollecular excitation energy transfer from a ligand to a lanthanide ion occurs which causes sensitization of terbium (III) ion luminescence. Intensity of the terbium (III) ion luminescence (ILum) increases in the presence of anionic and cationic surfaceactive agents as a result of displacement of water molecules from coordination sphere of the complex. As a consequence of this process, a non-radiative deactivation of excitation energy decreases and more efficient excitation energy transfer from a ligand to a lanthanide ion occurs. It has been established that after absorption of analyte of interest onto a polymer matrix of a solid phase extraction sorbent with subsequent increasing of its molecular rigidity more efficient excitation energy transfer is observed followed by elevation of luminescence (ILum) intensity of the coordination complex being studied. Intensity of luminescence of coordination complex of orotic acid with terbium (III) in the form of a sorbate salt has been estimated involving different types of sorbents (Phosphalugel, SFG-75, Calflo E, Celite 545, Silicagel Merck). Most suitable results have been achieved by the use of Silica gel Merck as a solid-phase matrix (sorbent). The removal rate of the complex from the solution in this case reaches to 97%. The most effective conditions for determination of orotic acid have been specified. The highest values of luminescence intensity is obtained by conducting of sorption using 5 mL of solution and 100 mg of sorbent. Luminescence intensity of the complex in the form of a sorbate salt, during a sorption process, increases in presence of ethonium, cationic dimeric surface-active agent. Decrease in luminescence intensity of the complexes in the form of a sorbate salt in presence of other surface-active agents may be caused by solubilization of the complex in the solution and thereby reduced level of its sorption. On the basis of presented research work a new analytical procedure has been developed for the solid-phase luminescence determination of orotic acid and orotic acid salts in pharmaceutical drugs. Determination of orotic acid salts has been performed in pharmaceutical drugs ‘Magnerot’ (magnesium orotate) and ‘Potassium orotate’. The proposed analytical procedure for determination of orotic acid salts is remarkable by good metrological characteristics and relative simplicity of performance. The relative standard deviation, Sr, is 3,6 - 4,3%.
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Kremenetsky, Vyacheslav G., Sergey A. Kuznetsov, Olga V. Kremenetskaya, Veniamin V. Soloviev, Lyudmila A. Chernenko, and Anatoliy D. Fofanov. "Ab Initio Estimation of NbF−6 , NbClF2−6 , and NbF2− 7 Complexes Stability in Alkali Chloride Melts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-1112.
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Quantum-chemical calculations of the parameters of the nM+・NbClF2−6 type particles have been performed, where M stands for Na, K, Cs and n = 0 - 6. Under certain conditions such particles may exist in melts of alkali metal chlorides.Within the framework of this approximation, compositions for themost stable particles in molten salts were obtained. Relative stability of the particles containing the NbF−6 , NbClF2−6 , and NbF2−7 complexes has been calculated. Energies and some other characteristics of the electron structure and the particle geometry structure were determined depending on the n and M values. For estimation of the third sphere’s influence, the systems (M2NbF7 +8MCl) and (M2NbF7 +15MCl) are surveyed. The chlorine anion enters the first coordination sphere in the Nasystem only, i. e. in this system the true complex NbClF3−7 is formed.
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Vočadlo, Lidunka, Geoffrey D. Price, and I. G. Wood. "Structures and physical properties of ∊-FeSi-type and CsCl-type RuSi studied by first-principles pseudopotential calculations." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 56, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199016420.
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An investigation of the relative stability of the two known polymorphs of RuSi, having the ∊-FeSi and CsCl structures, has been made by first-principles pseudopotential calculations. The resulting cell volumes and fractional coordinates at P = 0 are in good agreement with experiment. Application of high pressure to the ∊-FeSi phase of RuSi is predicted to produce a structure having almost perfect sevenfold coordination. However, it appears that RuSi having the CsCl-type structure will be the thermodynamically most stable phase for pressures greater than 3.6 GPa. Fitting of the calculated internal energy versus volume to a fourth-order logarithmic equation of state led to values (at T = 0 K) for the bulk modulus, K 0, of 202 and 244 GPa for the ∊-FeSi and CsCl phases, respectively, in excellent agreement with experiment. Band-structure calculations for both phases are also presented.
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Erzeybek, Mustafa Said, Oğuzhan Yüksel, Fatih Kaya, and Mert Eray Önen. "Effect Of Combined Training On Anaerobic Power And Motor Skills Of Korfball And Basketball Players." International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 12, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2022.12.1.l11-18.
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In this study, the effects of eight-week combined training program on the development of anaerobic power and some isometric forces of korfball and basketball players are examined. 29 male (10 basketball players, 9 korfball players and 10 control group) university students, whose age range is 19-24 years, participated in the study. While basketball and korfball players were included in the training program, the participants in the control group continued their routine daily activities. Mean power (watts), peak power (watts), relative power (kg / watts), vertical jump (cm), right hand and left hand paw force (kg) and leg force (kg) were measured before and after the training program. Eight-week training program (3 days a week) consisted of resistance exercises (60-1RM), plyometric exercises (30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm safes), common and intensive intervals (60-80% HR max), coordination and technical-tactical exercises. Statistically significant increase are determined in the peak power, relative power, vertical jump and leg force values of the basketball group and vertical jump, right hand, left hand and leg force values of the korfball group (p<0.05). In the light of the data obtained, it is seen that the increase in the performance values of basketball players is higher than the korfball players. Anaerobic power and vertical jump in basketball are more dominant than the korfball branch and the game progress is faster than the korfball. These reflect the effects of the training. As a result, it was observed that the combined training program used in this study contributes to improving the performance of basketball players, while different training models should be used for korfball players.
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Davis, Esther L., Frank P. Deane, and Geoffrey C. B. Lyons. "Acceptance and valued living as critical appraisal and coping strengths for caregivers dealing with terminal illness and bereavement." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951514000431.
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AbstractObjective:Informal caregivers of palliative care patients play an essential role in the coordination of care for patients during their final phases of life. However, undertaking a caregiving role can have enduring psychological consequences for caregivers and interfere with functioning. Studies have investigated a variety of factors associated with individual differences in caregiver psychosocial outcomes, but little is known about their relative impact, and there is a need for guiding models to support research in this area.Method:A review of the literature was conducted on factors influencing the psychological distress and grief of caregivers. Drawing from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and Stroebe and colleagues' integrative risk factor framework, we developed a process model to describe individual differences in caregiver psychological distress and grief.Results:The model presents caregiver psychological distress and grief as functions of death attitudes and communication about death and dying, mediated by acceptance and valued living from an ACT perspective. An outline of the empirical and theoretical underpinnings for each component in the model is provided.Significant of results:The presented model is an inherently strengths-based model that is concordant with acceptance- and values- (ACT) based interventions to facilitate coping in caregivers.
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Andersen, Anders D., Per T. Sangild, Sara L. Munch, Eline M. van der Beek, Ingrid B. Renes, Chris van Ginneken, Gorm O. Greisen, and Thomas Thymann. "Delayed growth, motor function and learning in preterm pigs during early postnatal life." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310, no. 6 (March 15, 2016): R481—R492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00349.2015.
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Preterm birth interrupts normal fetal growth with consequences for postnatal growth and organ development. In preterm infants, many physiological deficits adapt and disappear with advancing postnatal age, but some may persist into childhood. We hypothesized that preterm birth would induce impaired organ growth and function during the first postnatal week in pigs, while motor abilities and behavioral characteristics would show more persistent developmental delay. Cesarean-delivered preterm ( n = 112, 90% gestation) or term ( n = 56, 100% gestation) piglets were reared under identical conditions and euthanized for blood and organ collection on postnatal days 0, 5, or 26. Body weight gain remained lower in preterm vs. term pigs up to day 26 (25.5 ± 1.5 vs. 31.0 ± 0.5 g·kg−1·day−1, P < 0.01) when relative weights were higher for brain and kidneys and reduced for liver and spleen. Neonatal preterm pigs had reduced values for blood pH, Po2, glucose, lactate, hematocrit, and cortisol, but at day 26, most values were normalized, although plasma serotonin and IGF 1 levels remained reduced. Preterm pigs showed delayed neonatal arousal and impaired physical activity, coordination, exploration, and learning, relative to term pigs (all P < 0.05). Supplementation of parenteral nutrition during the first 5 days with an enteral milk diet did not affect later outcomes. In preterm pigs, many physiological characteristics of immaturity disappeared by 4 wk, while some neurodevelopmental deficits remained. The preterm pig is a relevant animal model to study early dietary and pharmacological interventions that support postnatal maturation and neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
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EVANS, NICHOLAS, HENRIK BERGQVIST, and LILA SAN ROQUE. "The grammar of engagement II: typology and diachrony." Language and Cognition 10, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2017.22.
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abstractEngagement systemsencodethe relative accessibility of an entity or state of affairs to the speaker and addressee, and are thus underpinned by our social cognitive capacities. In our first foray into engagement (Part 1), we focused on specialised semantic contrasts as found in entity-level deictic systems, tailored to the primal scenario for establishing joint attention. This second paper broadens out to an exploration of engagement at the level of events and even metapropositions, and comments on how such systems may evolve. The languages Andoke and Kogi demonstrate what a canonical system of engagement with clausal scope looks like, symmetrically assigning ‘knowing’ and ‘unknowing’ values to speaker and addressee. Engagement is also found cross-cutting other epistemic categories such as evidentiality, for example where a complex assessment of relative speaker and addressee awareness concerns the source of information rather than the proposition itself. Data from the language Abui reveal that one way in which engagement systems can develop is by upscoping demonstratives, which normally denote entities, to apply at the level of events. We conclude by stressing the need for studies that focus on what difference it makes, in terms of communicative behaviour, for intersubjective coordination to be managed by engagement systems as opposed to other, non-grammaticalised means.
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Marabello, Domenica, Paola Antoniotti, Paola Benzi, Carlo Canepa, Eliano Diana, Lorenza Operti, Leonardo Mortati, and Maria Paola Sassi. "Fructose calcium chloride MOFs for NLO applications." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087518.
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Non-centrosymmetric Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF) based on coordination of carbohydrates on alkaline metal ion represent an ideal category of compounds to plan functional materials with interesting second-order non-linear optics properties. Two MOFs obtained from fructose and calcium chloride, [Ca(C6H12O6)(H2O)2]Cl2 (1) and [Ca(C6H12O6)2(H2O)2]Cl2·H2O (2), have been synthetized in ethanol and by solid-solid interactions and have been characterized with X-ray diffraction and IR and RAMAN spectroscopy. The two compounds have also been studied with DFT theoretical calculations to investigate their relative stability and foresee their optical properties. Finally, the second harmonic generation (SHG) properties have been evaluated by SHG microscopy. It has been demonstrated that the coordination of fructose on the calcium ion causes an improvement of the SHG intensity with respect to the fructose itself and that there is a strictly correlation between the calculated dipole moment and the first static hyperpolarizability values and intensity of the SHG signal. Furthermore, the remarkable difference in the SHG intensity of the two compounds studied, suggests that this physical property can be "controlled" not only by tuning the composition of the system, but also by the disposition of the MOF's building units in the crystal. The metal-carbohydrate based MOFs analyzed in this work have a favorable combination of thermal and chemical stability, transparency, and second-order optical non-linearity and are thus potential candidates for applications in electro-optic devices.
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Bataju, Sailesh, and Nurapati Pantha. "Hydrophobicity of an isobutane dimer in water, methanol and acetonitrile as solvents — A classical molecular dynamics study." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 32 (December 30, 2019): 1950391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219503910.
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The potential of mean forces (PMFs) has been determined for an isobutane dimer in various solvent environments such as water, methanol and acetonitrile at a temperature of 298 K and pressure of 1 bar using GROMACS software. All the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out using a TIP3P water model under a CHARMM36 forcefield. Following Umbrella Sampling technique, PMFs are calculated and analyzed using Weighted Histogram Analysis Method (WHAM) and coordination number of first solvation shell is extracted for all solvents using radial distribution function. The shape of PMFs contains contact minima, solvent-separated minima and desolvation maxima. The values of contact minima are not affected much by solvent environment and found to be at 0.5377, 0.5480 and 0.5495 nm for water, methanol and acetonitrile respectively. The corresponding energy depths are found −0.9134, −0.7080 and −0.5295 kcalmol[Formula: see text]. The variation observed at solvent-separated minima is noticeable and found at 0.9012, 0.9721 and 0.9151 nm for water, methanol and acetonitrile, respectively. The coordination number of the first solvation shell by taking an isobutane molecule as a reference from their center of mass is found to be 28.1, 16.9 and 14.8 for water, methanol and acetonitrile, respectively. There is a soft hydrophobic interaction between isobutane dimer and solvents like methanol and acetonitrile relative to water, might be due to the presence of competitive methyl group of methanol and acetonitrile in the solvent medium.
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An, Brian Y. "Bottom-Up or Top-Down Local Service Delivery? Assessing the Impacts of Special Districts as Community Governance Model." American Review of Public Administration 51, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020933968.
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This article assesses the impacts of bottom-up local governing institutions relative to top-down bureaucracies in local service delivery. Community services districts (CSDs) in California, a class of special districts that provides various neighborhood-level services, are examined to answer this question. An innovative characteristic of this institutional form is that it is residents who create them through a grass-root collective action to achieve a bottom-up governance structure, after opting out from a county service system. With changes in residential property values as performance metrics, the quantitative analysis utilizes district formation events and features a hedonic difference-in-difference regression. The results show that the creation of CSDs produces more significant impacts on property values than county authorities do. Yet, the effects are heterogeneous across the communities when the analysis is further drilled down to each district. The exploratory qualitative case study then uses interview data with district managers and document analysis to unveil what administrative factors explain the success and failure trajectory of bottom-up institution management. The case study identifies such factors as critical codeterminants, including managerial and board leadership, clarity of a problem statement, public support, and intergovernmental coordination with county and state agencies.
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Koshy, Joyce, V. G. Kumar Das, S. Balabaskaran, S. W. Ng, and Norhanom Wahab. "High In-Vitro Antitumour Activity of Triphenyltin Coumarin 3-Carboxylate and its Coordination Complexes With Monodentate Oxygen Donor Ligands Against the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-DNA Positive Raji and the P-388 Murine Leukaemia Cell Lines, and Evidence for the Suppression by Organotin of the Early Antigen Complex in the EBV Lytic Cycle." Metal-Based Drugs 7, no. 5 (January 1, 2000): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.2000.245.
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Triphenyltin coumarin-3-carboxylate and its coordination complexes with ethanol, triphenylphosphine oxide, triphenylarsine oxide, diphenylcyclopropenone and quinoline N-oxide exhibited high in vitro cytotoxicity (LC50 values in the range 0.25-3.4 μg/mL) when tested against EBV-DNA positive Raji cells and P-388 leukaemia cells, compared to the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil, which showed LC50 values of 11 and >50 μg/mL, respectively, against these cells. Additional tests performed on the Raji cells incubated with the quinoline N-oxide complex in the presence of the tumour promoters, TPA and sodium butyrate, revealed that the diffused and restricted protein components of the early antigen complex were suppressed relative to the control containing only the promoters, indicating impaired function of the genes involved as transactivators in the early lytic cycle of the EBV. The failure of the restriction enzymes Eco R1 and Hind III to cleave the extracted DNA from such treated cells in contrast to the control, coupled with the amplification of the BMLF-1 gene by the PCR technique which was realised only with the DNA of the control and not of the treated sample, point to a punitive interaction of the organotin with the nuclear DNA of the Raji cells.
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Kretschmer, X. C., G. Meitzner, J. L. Gardea-Torresdey, and R. Webb. "Determination of Cu Environments in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (February 2004): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.771-780.2004.
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ABSTRACT Whole cells and peptidoglycan isolated from cell walls of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae were lyophilized and used at pH 2 and pH 5 in Cu(II) binding studies. X-ray absorption spectra measured at the Cu K-edge were used to determine the oxidation states and chemical environments of Cu species in the whole-cell and peptidoglycan samples. In the whole-cell samples, most of the Cu retained at both pH values was coordinated by phosphate ligands. The whole-cell fractions contained significant concentrations of Cu(I) as well as Cu(II). An X-ray absorption near-edge spectrum analysis suggested that Cu(I) was coordinated by amine and thiol ligands. An analysis of the peptidoglycan fractions found that more Cu was adsorbed by the peptidoglycan fraction prepared at pH 5, due to increased chelation by amine and carboxyl ligands. The peptidoglycan fractions, also referred to as the cell wall fractions, contained little or no Cu(I). The Cu loading level was 30 times higher in the cell wall sample prepared at pH 5 than in the sample prepared at pH 2. Amine and bidentate carboxyl ligands had similar relative levels of importance in cell wall peptidoglycan samples prepared at both pH values, but phosphate coordination was insignificant.
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Memisevic, Haris, and Mirjana Djordjevic. "Visual-Motor Integration in Children With Mild Intellectual Disability: A Meta-Analysis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 4 (May 4, 2018): 696–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518774137.
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Visual-motor integration (VMI) skills, defined as the coordination of fine motor and visual perceptual abilities, are a very good indicator of a child’s overall level of functioning. Research has clearly established that children with intellectual disability (ID) have deficits in VMI skills. This article presents a meta-analytic review of 10 research studies involving 652 children with mild ID for which a VMI skills assessment was also available. We measured the standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g) between scores on VMI tests of these children with mild ID and either typically developing children’s VMI test scores in these studies or normative mean values on VMI tests used by the studies. While mild ID is defined in part by intelligence scores that are two to three standard deviations below those of typically developing children, the standardized mean difference of VMI differences between typically developing children and children with mild ID in this meta-analysis was 1.75 (95% CI [1.11, 2.38]). Thus, the intellectual and adaptive skill deficits of children with mild ID may be greater (perhaps especially due to their abstract and conceptual reasoning deficits) than their relative VMI deficits. We discuss the possible meaning of this relative VMI strength among children with mild ID and suggest that their stronger VMI skills may be a target for intensive academic interventions as a means of attenuating problems in adaptive functioning.
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Hassan, Yasser, and Said M. Easa. "Sight distance red zones on combined horizontal and sag vertical curves." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-127.
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Coordination of highway horizontal and vertical alignments is based on subjective guidelines in current standards. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of coordinating horizontal and sag vertical curves that are designed using two-dimensional standards. The locations where a horizontal curve should not be positioned relative to a sag vertical curve (called red zones) are identified. In the red zone, the available sight distance (computed using three-dimensional models) is less than the required sight distance. Two types of red zones, based on stopping sight distance (SSD) and preview sight distance (PVSD), are examined. The SSD red zone corresponds to the locations where an overlap between a horizontal curve and a sag vertical curve should be avoided because the three-dimensional sight distance will be less than the required SSD. The PVSD red zone corresponds to the locations where a horizontal curve should not start because drivers will not be able to perceive it and safely react to it. The SSD red zones exist for practical highway alignment parameters, and therefore designers should check the alignments for potential SSD red zones. The range of SSD red zones was found to depend on the different alignment parameters, especially the superelevation rate. On the other hand, the results showed that the PVSD red zones exist only for large values of the required PVSD, and therefore this type of red zones is not critical. This paper should be of particular interest to the highway designers and professionals concerned with highway safety.Key words: sight distance, red zone, combined alignment.