Journal articles: 'Relative tendency'

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Sánchez, Dani, David Bastida, Jordi Burés, Carles Isart, Oriol Pineda, and Jaume Vilarrasa. "Relative Tendency of Carbonyl Compounds To Form Enamines." Organic Letters 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2012): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol203157s.

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Callan, Mitchell J., Hyunji Kim, and William J. Matthews. "Age differences in social comparison tendency and personal relative deprivation." Personality and Individual Differences 87 (December 2015): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.003.

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Rosenblum, Lawrence D., and M. T. Turvey. "Maintenance tendency in co-ordinated rhythmic movements: Relative fluctuations and phase." Neuroscience 27, no. 1 (October 1988): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(88)90238-2.

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Sturt, Elizabeth, and Eric Shur. "Sex Concordance for Schizophrenia in Proband-relative Pairs." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 1 (July 1985): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.1.44.

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SummarySome hypotheses about the cause of schizophrenia are based on the puzzling tendency for mental illness to affect the same sex when two close relatives become psychiatrically ill. Sex-concordance rates were examined in 71 schizophrenic probands, who had at least one first-degree relative suffering from the same disorder, in order to test this tendency in a population of recently admitted patients. No unusual concordance rates were found when unaffected sibs were taken into account and relatives were stratified to take account of possible confounding factors. It would seem premature to construct hypotheses about the aetiology of schizophrenia based on evidence of this type.

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Han, Chao, Teng Ooi, and Zijiang He. "Surface integration tendency determines relative depth order between two perceptually interpolated surfaces." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.806.

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Ferrill, David A., Kevin J. Smart, and Alan P. Morris. "Fault failure modes, deformation mechanisms, dilation tendency, slip tendency, and conduits v. seals." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 496, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp496-2019-7.

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AbstractFaults have complicated shapes. Non-planarity of faults can be caused by variations in failure modes, which in turn are dictated by mechanical stratigraphy interacting with the ambient stress field, as well as by linkage of fault segments. Different portions of a fault or fault zone may experience volume gain, volume conservation and volume loss simultaneously depending on the position along a fault's surface, the stresses resolved on the fault and the associated deformation mechanisms. This variation in deformation style and associated volume change has a profound effect on the ability of a fault to transmit (or impede) fluid both along and across the fault. In this paper we explore interrelated concepts of failure mode and resolved stress analysis, and provide examples of fault geometry in normal faulting and reverse faulting stress regimes that illustrate the effects of fault geometry on failure behaviour and related importance to fluid transmission. In particular, we emphasize the utility of using relative dilation tendency v. slip tendency on fault patches as a predictor of deformation behaviour, and suggest this parameter space as a new tool for evaluating conduit v. seal behaviour of faults.

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Liu, Yan, Qiang Wang, and Dong Mei Cai. "Forward Slip and Backward Slip in Radial Ring Rolling Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.820.

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During the process of radial ring rolling, relative slip or relative slip tendency occurs on the interface between the ring and the rolls. Research on the relative slip or relative slip tendency plays an important role on reducing friction to ensure the ring rolling smoothly. In this paper, the reason of relative slip or relative slip tendency is investigated that there is speed difference between tangential component of the ring and linear velocity of the rolls. According to speed difference, slip types of the interface are classified. Forward slip coefficient and backward slip coefficient are defined and derived and relations between them are studied. Comparison between the new method and the previous one is conducted via case study, which proves the rationality and effectiveness.

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Yilmaz, Emrullah, and Hüseyin Kaygin. "The Relation Between Lifelong Learning Tendency and Achievement Motivation." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 3a (March 27, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i3a.3141.

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The aim of this study is to reveal the relation between lifelong learning tendency and achievement motivation. The sampling of the study consisted of 570 prospective teachers attending a pedagogical formation course at two universities in Turkey in 2016. Relational screening model was used in the study and the data were collected through achievement focused motivation scale and lifelong learning tendency scale. The collected data were analysed using regression analysis on SPSS 22. As the findings suggest, there is a low, positive correlation (r=0.095) between prospective teachers’ achievement motivation and lifelong learning tendency at 95% confidence interval. As for the correlation between lifelong learning tendency and the sub-dimensions of achievement motivation, lifelong learning tendency has a significant correlation with the expansion of objective (r=0,139), self-consciousness (r=0,128) and internal effect (r=0,089). However, it doesn’t correlate significantly with external effect (r=-0,024). As the standardised regression coefficient (β) indicates, the relative order of importance of predictor values on lifelong learning tendency is as follows; external effect, expansion of objective, self-consciousness and internal effect.

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McMeekin, Peter, John Wildman, Gary A. Ford, Luke Vale, and Christopher I. Price. "Relative Distributions." Stroke 46, no. 5 (May 2015): 1381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.115.008724.

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Background and Purpose— Analyses of trends in the delivery of time critical treatments typically report the median, but measures of central tendency may ignore important changes for specific patient groups. We considered whether this was an important effect during comparison of onset to treatment (OTT) time between 2 cohorts of patients with stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis. Methods— After controlling for stroke severity, a relative distributions technique compared OTT for UK patients treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator registered within the first and last quarters (each n=661) of the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study database between January 2003 and September 2010. Results— Significant differences were found between OTT distributions. Overall, the second cohort’s OTT distribution demonstrated simultaneous increases in the proportion of patients with faster and slower OTT, which resulted in no net effect on the median after correction for stroke severity. Conclusions— Medians did not adequately describe distributional changes. Faster OTT may be because of more efficient processes in acute stroke centers and improved symptom recognition by the public. Slower OTT is likely to reflect movement from a 3- to a 4.5-hour OTT target. Relative distributions offer new insights into historical trends and service evaluation where time critical treatments are involved.

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Chen, Ke, Hui Hu, Ke Chen, Zhaohui Chen, and Xin Wang. "Cracking Tendency Prediction of High-Performance Cementitious Materials." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/591084.

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The constraint ring test is widely used to assess the cracking potential for early-age cementitious materials. In this paper, the analytical expressions based on elastic mechanism are presented to estimate the residual stresses of the restrained mortar ring by considering the comprehensive effects of hydration heat, autogenous and drying shrinkage, creeping, and restraint. In the present analytical method, the stress field of the restrained ring is treated as the superposition of those caused by hydration heat, external restraint, autogenous and drying shrinkage, and creep. The factors including the properties of materials, environmental parameters such as relative humidity and temperature, the geometry effect of specimen, and the relative constraint effects of steel ring to mortar ring, are taken into account to predict the strain development with age of mortar. The temperature of the ring, the elastic modulus, the creep strain, and the split tensile strength are measured to validate the model. The age of cracking is predicted by comparing the estimated maximum tensile stress of the restrained mortar ring with the measured split tensile strength of specimen. The suitability of the present analytical method is assessed by comparing with the restraint ring test and a soundly good agreement is observed.

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Abdollahnejad, Elias, and Hamideh Marefat. "Relative clauses in Persian." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00001.abd.

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Abstract This study is a corpus-based investigation of Persian relative clauses (RCs) used in written mode. 535 instances of RCs occurring in 1634 sentences in 40 editorials of four newspapers published in Iran were spotted and analyzed to determine the frequency of each RC type and the occurrence of certain features including complementizer ke, object marker râ, different representations of the relativised element in the modifying clause, and the status of gap and resumptive pronoun in the RC. The results indicated that subject RCs are the most frequent types. The tendency to use object marker râ before the modifying RC (Karimi, 2001) was confirmed. Besides, some tokens were witnessed contrasting Taghvaipour’s (2005) proposals on the ungrammaticality of resumption in Persian subject ordinary and object free RCs and the necessity of prefix hær- ‘ever’ in all Persian free RCs.

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ALLEN, J. R. L. "The formation of coastal peat marshes under an upward tendency of relative sea-level." Journal of the Geological Society 147, no. 5 (September 1990): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.147.5.0743.

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Camfield, Peter R., and Carol S. Camfield. "Syncope in Childhood: A Case Control Clinical Study of the Familial Tendency to Faint." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 17, no. 3 (August 1990): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100030626.

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ABSTRACT:We investigated the possibility of an inherited tendency to faint by studying 30 consecutively referred well children with vasodepressor or vasovagal syncope. The family history of each patient was reviewed for syncope and for 24 cases was compared with the family history of the child's best friend. None of the best friends had syncope. 27/30 cases and 8/24 best friends had at least one first degree relative with syncope (p < 0.01). Of the 8 best friend controls with a parent or sibling with syncope, the mother was affected in 7; 4/7 of these mothers had first degree relative(s) with syncope. In 11/30 patients both a sibling and parent had syncope compared with 1/24 of control families (p < .01). We conclude that there is an inherited tendency to faint since most children who faint have a first degree relative who faints, a useful fact in differential diagnosis. This inherited tendency may be multifactorial but requires an environmental stimulus for expression.

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Bouma, Gosse. "Agreement mismatches in Dutch relatives." Current trends in analyzing syntactic variation 31 (December 31, 2017): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00006.bou.

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Abstract This paper investigates agreement mismatches in Dutch relatives. While the norm is that singular neuter nouns occur with the relative pronoun dat ‘that’, it is by now quite common to find neuter nouns combining with the relative pronoun die. A large Twitter corpus is used to study which linguistic variables make die ‘that’ in this context more likely. Lack of agreement between neuter noun and relative pronoun is very frequent in this corpus (37.5% of the cases, 46.8% if the preceding determiner is indefinite). Non-agreement is most common for nouns that are high in the animacy ranking, but it also occurs with other semantic classes, and there is quite a bit of lexical variation. Young, female users have a stronger tendency to use non-agreeing relative pronouns. Contrary to what previous work suggests, we do not find that users with a Moroccan or Turkish background have a stronger tendency towards non-agreement. A comparison of tweets with agreeing and non-agreeing pronouns and a comparison of the Twitter corpus with web data both suggest that non-agreement is characteristic of informal language use.

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Pompili, M., and M. Vichi. "Making sense of economic deprivation as a predictor of suicide and homicide: A nationwide register-study." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.380.

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IntroductionClassical work on lethal aggression often viewed suicide and homicide as sharing a common source.ObjectiveThe present investigation explores the association between measures of social deprivation on the relative incidence of suicide over homicide in Italian provinces.MethodsData refer to official government sources on lethal violence rates and measures of social deprivation. The central dependent variable is termed SHR or the suicide rate expressed as a proportion of the sum of the suicide and homicide rates Data were available for the 103 Italian provinces.ResultsThe SHR had three significant predictors. The greater the percentage of the population with low education, the lesser the tendency towards suicide. The tendency towards suicide was also predicted by rental housing, the greater the percentage of the population living in rental housing the less the tendency towards suicide. The inverse of the unemployment rate also predicted the SHR. Given that the measure follows an inverse function, the greater the unemployment rate the lesser the tendency towards suicide relative to homicide (SHR). We can interpret the results relative to a homicidal tendency in the SHR: the greater the low education percentage of the population, the greater the homicidal tendency, and the greater the rental housing percentage, the greater the homicidal tendency in the SHR.ConclusionThe results are consistent with a stream of previous research that connects deprivation with a relatively high probability for disadvantaged populations to direct aggression outwardly in the form of homicide rather than inwardly in the form of suicide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Westra, D., G. J. Steeneveld, and A. A. M. Holtslag. "Some Observational Evidence for Dry Soils Supporting Enhanced Relative Humidity at the Convective Boundary Layer Top." Journal of Hydrometeorology 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 1347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-11-0136.1.

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Abstract The tendency of the relative humidity at the top of a clear convective boundary layer (RHtop) is studied as an indicator of cloud formation over a semiarid region within the conceptual framework introduced by Ek and Holtslag. Typically the tendency of RHtop increases if the evaporative fraction at the land surface increases, which supports boundary layer moistening but only when boundary layer growth is limited by atmospheric factors. This regime was supported by Cabauw observations in the original study. Here, new observational evidence that the tendency of RHtop can also increase as the surface becomes more dry, as is consistent with another regime of the conceptual framework, is provided. The observations used are from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) intensive observational campaign near Niamey, Niger, 20–25 June 2006. In addition, the authors evaluate whether various versions of the Weather Research and Forecasting single-column model confirm the different regimes of the conceptual framework for a typical day in the AMMA campaign. It appears that the model confirms that dryer soils can support cloud formation.

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Eby, David W., Jack M. Loomis, and Eric M. Solomon. "Perceptual Linkage of Multiple Objects Rotating in Depth." Perception 18, no. 4 (August 1989): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180427.

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When multiple objects rotate in depth, they are frequently perceived to rotate in the same direction even when perspective information signals counterrotation. Three experiments are reported on this tendency to recover the rotation directions of multiple objects in a nonindependent fashion (termed rotational linkage). Rotational linkage was strongly affected by slant in depth of the objects, image perspective, and relative starting phase of the objects. Linkage was found not to vary as a function of the relative rotation speed of the objects or the relative alignment of their rotation axes. Rotational linkage is interpreted as a tendency of the visual system to assign signed depths to objects based on a communality of image point direction.

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Nasrollahi Shahri, Navid, Masoud Motamedynia, and Mohammad Ghazanfari. "An investigation of accuracy and response time regarding processing mechanism of English relative clauses in EFL contexts." Studies in English Language and Education 7, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v7i1.15350.

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Sentence comprehension in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) contexts is influenced by many factors. One of the most important ones is the processing mechanism of relative clauses which can be analyzed in different frameworks by researchers. So far, a wide range of research has been conducted on the processing mechanism of relative clauses in a number of languages. The results have shown a tendency toward two major categories which have been proven to be of significance, namely subject preference and object preference. Studies conducted on native speakers of English, for instance, have demonstrated subject preference by the participants. Consequently, in this study, the researchers conducted a self-paced reading experiment employing Linger software, and the data were analyzed by using the SPSS Statistics version 25. It aims to investigate the processing mechanism of English relative clauses by Iranian EFL learners. The participants were nine males and 21 females of advanced English learners majoring in the English literature, all being native speakers of Farsi. The results indicate that that the correctness percentage of subject relative clauses, and also subject modifying ones, are significantly higher than that of object ones. The results also indicated that subject relatives were processed swifter than object relatives. Finally, the researchers discussed the reasons behind such a tendency among the participants of the experiment in terms of a number of theories and principles. The findings of this study are expected to be employed in language syllabus designing as well as in grading or sequencing of materials by educators and teaching material developers.

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Yan, Wei, Yang Zhang, Weiqing Chen, and Jing Li. "Characteristics and Formation Tendency of Freckle Segregation in Electroslag Remelted Bearing Steel." Metals 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020246.

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Undesirable macro segregation defects, freckles, restrict the commercial production of large-sized electroslag remelting (ESR) bearing steel ingots through degradation of the mechanical properties and service lifetime. In order to clarify the freckle characteristics and formation tendency as well as the formation mechanism, freckles from an industrial large-sized GCr15SiMn ESR ingot were investigated through structural and compositional analysis, along with simulation calculation. The results show that freckles consist of (Si, Mn, Cr)-enriched equiaxed grains and occur in about the 1/2 radius region at the middle-upper part of the ESR ingot, where the secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) and solidification front angle are large but cooling rate is small. The absolute value of relative Rayleigh number, Ra, also reaches its maximum in the 1/2 radius region, with a liquid fraction of 0.3–0.5, corresponding to the region where freckles form. Based on the experimental and simulation results, to evaluate the freckle formation in industrial-scale GCr15SiMn ESR ingots, the threshold value of relative Ra, a freckle criterion considering the compositional and thermal effects, was determined to be about −0.023.

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Dr. Akhilesh Tiwari and Dr. Amitabh Roy. "Consumers’ Buying Activities In Relative To Green Commodities." GIS Business 15, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i1.18377.

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Environmental problem is a burning topic nowadays as almost every country’s government and society has started to be more aware about these issues. This leads to a tendency of green marketing used by the firm as one of the strategies in order to gain profit and protect the environment. Customer’s attitudes are changing towards the environment to encourage innovation for conservation and the benefits from this source of innovation are certain to survive our current generation. This paper also focuses on the success of efforts put by marketers in bringing green brands awareness in consumer’s mind. It further reviews consumer behavior and impact of marketing communication to identify how consumers are influenced to opt for greener products.

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Ambarita, Rosmita, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "INDONESIAN RELATIVE CLAUSES AND ITS SIMILARITIES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i6.p722-729.

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This article discusses several points on the topic of Indonesian relative clauses and some foreign languages. The method used in this research is descriptive contrastive analysis. The focus is on finding some results from previous papers on how the languages share similarities and differences as well as how they differ with English. In this case it was found that Indonesian relative clauses are known as being distinctive and different from structured English counterparts. Meanwhile, there is a tendency that relative Indonesian clauses always use passive constructs to relate noun phrases or nouns in complex sentences. Keywords: Relative Clauses, Foreign Language

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Kathrotia, Trupti, and Uwe Riedel. "Predicting the soot emission tendency of real fuels – A relative assessment based on an empirical formula." Fuel 261 (February 2020): 116482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116482.

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Yang, Yun-Yen, and Shih-Wei Wu. "Base rate neglect and neural computations for subjective weight in decision under uncertainty." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (July 2, 2020): 16908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912378117.

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Base rate neglect, an important bias in estimating probability of uncertain events, describes humans’ tendency to underweight base rate (prior) relative to individuating information (likelihood). However, the neural mechanisms that give rise to this bias remain elusive. In this study, subjects chose between uncertain prospects where estimating reward probability was essential. We found that when the variability of prior and likelihood information about reward probability were systematically manipulated, prior variability significantly affected the degree to which subjects underweight the base rate of reward probability. Activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and putamen represented the relative subjective weight that reflected such bias. Further, sensitivity to likelihood relative to prior variability in the putamen correlated with individuals’ overall tendency to underweight base rate. These findings suggest that in combining prior and likelihood, relative sensitivity to information variability and subjective-weight computations critically contribute to the individual heterogeneity in base rate neglect.

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Schneider, Simone M., and Peter Valet. "Relative Standards and Distributive Justice: How Social Comparison Orientations Moderate the Link between Relative Earnings and Justice Perceptions." Social Psychology Quarterly 80, no. 3 (August 11, 2017): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272517708810.

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Theories of distributive justice claim perceptions of justice have a comparative basis. They suggest the degree to which individuals perceive their earnings as just or unjust depends on the degree to which their earnings differ from those of similar others. Drawing on recent research on social comparisons, we argue social comparison orientations—the general tendency of individuals to compare themselves with others—moderate the link between relative earnings and justice perceptions. The empirical analysis is based on large-scale survey data for 3,744 German employees. Structural equation analyses confirm the relevance of social comparison orientations for the justice evaluation process. Individuals who earn less than similar others tend to perceive their earnings as more unjust if they also report an orientation toward social comparison. In contrast, relative earnings are less important for justice perceptions if individuals do not compare themselves with others. Our findings may explain why people in similar situations often differ substantially in their justice perceptions.

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Bardolet, David, Alex Brown, and Dan Lovallo. "The Effects of Relative Size, Profitability, and Growth on Corporate Capital Allocations." Journal of Management 43, no. 8 (October 17, 2017): 2469–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316685855.

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Resource allocation in firms is often done in relative terms. Allocations to each project or, in the case of multibusiness firms, business segments are not made independently but through comparisons among the options. In that context, it becomes particularly important to identify the organizational factors that might influence those processes, as well as the mechanisms that create that influence. In this article, we investigate one of those potential factors—the size of a business segment relative to the rest of the organization—and two possible accounts. One is a naive tendency to spread out allocations evenly over the firm’s segments that would cause managers to relatively ignore differences in size and favor smaller segments over larger ones, holding other variables constant. The second is a tendency to direct larger allocation to the segments with the most political power and clout within the organization, which would normally favor larger segments, as those generally possess more influence. We investigate these competing hypotheses in a cross-section of firms to conclude that both mechanisms are partially at play. We find that both the smallest and the largest of segments are favored in the capital allocation process. Moreover, we find that the segment’s growth and profitability as well as corporate management ownership of the company moderate those effects.

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Parseliunas, Eimuntas, Petras Petroškevičius, Romuald Obuchovski, and Rosita Birvydiene. "An Investigation of the Automatic Relative Gravimeters." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.261.

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The laboratory and field investigations of the several automatic gravimeters Scintrex CG_5 with a quartz elastic system used for the determining of gravity acceleration were performed. Research on characteristics of four gravimeters includes a five-year period. The data consists of gravimetric observations at a laboratory, on the gravimetric testline and at the points of the Lithuanian gravimetric network. The evaluation of the phenomena of the spring systems of the gravimeters was made. The stress on the estimation of the zero drift at a laboratory and field investigations was done. It was detected that zero drift does not exceed 500 μGal per day with a diapason of 200 μGal. The zero drifts per hour do not exceed 25 μGal, mostly they are under 10 μGal. According to the annual calibration results the character of the changes of the linear scale coefficients of the gravimeters were analysed too. The calibration base of 270 km length in Lithuania where the difference of the gravity acceleration of the end points is 201 mGal was used for investigations. The research showed that the biggest deviation from the unit of the linear scale coefficients does not exceed 0.013. It was noted, that the values of the linear scale coefficients of the gravimeters have a tendency to decrease. Also was noted, that the values of the linear scale coefficients have a tendency to decrease in the period between field works, and to increase - in the field works period. So the calibration of the gravimeters should be carried out before and after the field works. Based on measurements carried out during development of the Lithuanian gravimetric network, which consists of 686 gravimetric points, accuracy of gravity acceleration increments was assessed. The comparison of the observations results against the results, obtained by the LaCoste and Romberg gravimeters with metal elastic system, is presented too. The total number of common points is 51. It was stated, that the differences of the gravity accelerations measured by the different types of gravimeters at gravimetric points do not differ more than 10 μGal, therefore maximum difference of 25 μGal was received. The standard deviations of the gravity accelerations of the gravimetric points do not exceed 7 μGal. Such results show the good performance of the SCINTREX CG_5 gravimeters.

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Andreasyan, R., and H. Sol. "The Orientation of Extragalactic Radiosources Relative to the Optical Axes of their Host Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 194 (1999): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900162370.

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The relative orientation of radio and optical axes of radio-galaxies has been analysed for a sample of about 300 sources. Radio major axes have a tendency to align with optical minor axes of the host galaxies for the more elongated radiosources while they appear correlated with optical major axes for the less elongated radiosources.

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Yu, Sijie, Yihua Yan, and Baolin Tan. "Relaxation of magnetic field relative to plasma density during solar flares." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S294 (August 2012): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313003347.

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AbstractWe investigated the variations of 74 microwave ZP structures observed by Chinese Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer at 2.6–3.8 GHz in 9 solar flares, found that the ratio between the plasma density scale height LN and the magnetic field scale height LB in emission source displays a tendency of decrease during the flaring process, indicates that LB increases faster than the LN during solar flares. The detailed analysis of the step-wise decrease of LN/LB in three typical X-class flares reveals the magnetic field relaxation relative to the plasma density.

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Dung, Tran Tuan, R. G. Kulinich, Ngo Thi Bich Tram, Nguyen Quang Minh, Nguyen Ba Dai, Tran Tuan Duong, and Nguyen Thai Son. "PRESENT-DAY STRESS FIELD AND RELATIVE DISPLACEMENT TENDENCY OF THE EARTH'S CRUST IN THE PARACEL ISLANDS AND ADJACENT AREA." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 18, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/4/13665.

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Present-day stress filed in the Hoang Sa archipelago and adjacent areas is determined through the earthquake’s focal mechanism parameters that have been recorded during a time period of more than 100 years. The geometric parameters of the faults (such as the location, strike and dip angles as well as depth, length…) are determined by satellite-derived gravity, seismic data and stress fields. In this study, predictive determination of the magnitude and tendency of the relative displacement of the Earth’s crust is carried out by calculating and assessing the relationship between the stress fields and fault’s geometric parameters. On the basis of the Earth’s crust relative displacement, the geodynamic mechanism of the Hoang Sa archipelago and adjacent areas through the different geological periods can be rebuilt. Magnitude and tendency of the relative displacement of the Earth’s crust are represented by the color spectrum and the vector’s magnitude. Although the displacement appears in the whole region, its intensities are different in particular areas that have the faults systems with different grades.

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SHEN, Yang, Yan SUN, and Duanyang LIU. "Effect of condensation latent heat release on the relative vorticity tendency in extratropical cyclones: a case study." Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 13, no. 4 (May 24, 2020): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2020.1750942.

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Ahn, Hyun-Kyun, Eun-Sung Kim, and Eun-Chul Seo. "Relative Tendency with Surrounding People in Response to the Latent Profile Classification of Physical Activity of Adolescents." Korean Journal of Sports Science 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2018.06.27.2.197.

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Hu, Zhi Yu, Jin Xu Liu, Shu Kui Li, Qing He Zou, and Xing Wang. "Study on Preparation and Mechanical Properties of W-Cu Alloy with Low W-W Contiguity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 782 (August 2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.782.77.

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Electroless copper plating method combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to fabricate W-Cu alloy with low W-W contiguity. Results show that W-Cu alloy with low W-W contiguity and high relative density can be obtained by this method. With sintering temperature increased from 860°C to 1060°C, the relative density of W-Cu alloy shows a rapidly increasing tendency, but the W-W contiguity keeps at a low level. Compression testing results show that the ductility of prepared W-Cu alloy is sensitive to strain rate, and the failure strain of the W-Cu alloy shows obviously increasing tendency with the loading strain rate increased from 10-3 to 103.

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Rudakov, N. V., S. N. Shpynov, N. A. Pen`evskaya, D. V. Trankvilevsky, E. V. Yatsmenko, and A. I. Blokh. "Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the Russian Federation in 2010–2019 and Prognosis for 2020." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-1-61-68.

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Objective of the study was to analyze the incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus (STBT) in the Russian Federation between 2010 and 2019, Astrakhan spotted fever (ASF) and Mediterranean fever (MF) since official registration, and forecast the development of the epidemic process for endemic rickettsioses for 2020. Materials and methods. The analysis of the incidence of STBT, ASF and MF in the Russian Federation over the period of 2010–2019, 2013–2019 and 2014–2019, respectively, in relation to the results of zoological-entomological monitoring. Results and discussion. The average long-term incidence rate of STBT for 2010–2019 in the Russian Federation on the whole was 1.1 0 /0000 (DI95 1.05÷1.08) without trends towards change. The maximum relative incidence of STBT is typical for the Siberian Federal District (SFD) where the average long-term incidence rate for 2010–2019 amounted to 6.28 per 100 thousand of the population. In the second place is the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) – 5.17 0 /0000, in third – the Ural Federal District (UFD) – 0.1 0 /0000. When assessing the 10‑year dynamics of the relative incidence of STBT, we have revealed a significant tendency to increase in the FEFD, a tendency to stabilize in the SFD and a significant downward trend – in the UFD. A reliable increasing trend in STBT incidence was detected in the Altai Republic and in the Khabarovsk Territory. Major decline in STBT incidence was observed in the Trans-Baikal territory, Krasnoyarsk territory, Kurgan Region and the Republic of Khakassia. There is a marked tendency to increase in the incidence of MF in the Republic of Crimea. In the Astrakhan Region and the Republic of Kalmykia, there is an expressed tendency towards the reduction in the ASF morbidity rates.

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Thota, Sweta Chaturvedi, and Ritwik Kinra. "Internet and prevalence of relative thinking." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-07-2018-2743.

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Purpose Research demonstrates that individuals display relative thinking – the tendency to consider relative savings rather than just absolute savings in their decisions to search for a deal or purchase an item. This paper aims to review empirical and analytical literature on relative thinking, perceived search costs and price savings to propose and test a conceptual model of relative thinking. Design/methodology/approach Through two studies, the paper tests whether individuals display relative thinking when shopping across stores vs online and how they perceive search and time spent in pursuing savings. Both studies are adaptations of the classic jacket-and-calculator scenario study (Tversky and Kahneman, 1981). Findings Results show attenuation of the robust relative thinking phenomenon over the internet compared to shopping across stores. Individuals exhibit increased price sensitivity for both low and high relative savings conditions on the internet but demonstrate price sensitivity only in the high relative savings condition in the store shopping contexts. Diagnostic measures pertaining to the attractiveness of savings and the perceptions of search costs corroborate the support for relative thinking across stores but not over the internet. Originality/value These results lend weight to the central claim in this paper that the internet marks a new boundary condition for the relative thinking phenomenon in marketing literature. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings, the limitations of the studies and future research opportunities are discussed.

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Kholodilova, Maria A. "Competition Between ‘Who’ and ‘Which’ in Slavic Light-Headed Relative Clauses." Slovene 6, no. 1 (2017): 118–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.1.4.

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The relativization systems of most Slavic languages include relative pronouns that can be conventionally labelled as ‘who’ and ‘which’ and differ in a number of logically independent parameters (etymology, animacy, grammaticality of attributive contexts, and morphological distinction for number and gender). Prior research has shown that the choice between ‘who’ and ‘which’ in Slavic languages is largely dependent on the head type. Some of the languages allow the ‘who’ pronouns to be used with pronominal heads, but not with nouns in the head, while in others, the pronominal heads in the plural are also ungrammatical with the pronoun ‘who.’ The present study aims to complement the available qualitative data on the distribution of the relativizers with quantitative data and to propose a unified account for all the observed tendencies. A corpus-based study was conducted in order to establish language-internal statistical tendencies comparable to the known grammaticality restrictions. The results show much agreement between the qualitative and quantitative tendencies. Thus, the head ‘those,’ unlike the head ‘that,’ is incompatible with the relativizer ‘who’ in Slovak, Polish, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian languages, while the same tendency is quantitative in Czech, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and the older varieties of Russian. Corpus data suggest that there is also a stronger tendency for the relative pronoun ‘who’ to be avoided with the head ‘those’ than with the head ‘all.’ One more relevant parameter is the semantic type of the clause, maximalizing semantics being the preferred option for ‘who.’ I suggest that all these and some other tendencies can be subsumed under a macro-parameter of the extent to which the head is integrated into the relative clause.

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Yakovlev, A. V., and E. A. Sharin. "Justification of Requirements for the Motorless Method of Evaluation of Deposit Forming Tendency of Diesel Fuel on Diesel Engine Injectors." Oil and Gas Technologies 131, no. 6 (2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-2020-131-6-34-41.

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The calculation of the dynamics of heating a drop of fuel in the nozzle of diesel injector has been carried out. The possibility of using a gasoline nozzle to assess the tendency of diesel fuels to the formation of deposits on diesel engine injectors has been substantiated. The optimal test temperature for diesel fuels has been experimentally determined. Taking into account the calculated parameters, a method for evaluating the propensity of diesel fuels to form deposits on the injectors was developed on an OSV-01 device. It has been found that darkening of the nozzle bottom and the relative fuel flow loss are independent indicators. It is shown that the sensitivity and differentiating ability of method are sufficient for classification of diesel fuels according to their tendency to form deposits on the injectors of diesel engines. Two criteria for estimating the degree of contamination of nozzle are proposed: contamination of the nozzle bottom and relative fuel flow loss thought nozzle. Preliminary studies of tendency to form deposits of a number of commercial diesel fuels have been conducted.

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Yun, Seong-Kyu, Jiseong Kim, Minsu Kang, and Gichun Kang. "A study on the vertical bearing capacity according to the inclination angle of single batter piles and the relative density of sand under vertical loads." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.3.133.

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This study analyzed the increase in the compressive bearing capacity of single-sloped piles according to the relative density and inclination angle when the batter piles are subjected to a vertical load in non-adhesive sand. An experiment was conducted with inclination angles of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40, and the relative density of sandy soil was divided into 31% (loose), 53% (medium), and 72% (dense) and compared with the results of the earlier research. As a result of the experiment, when the relative density of the ground was medium and dense, the bearing capacity was greater than that of the vertical pile (0°) at all angles. The tendency noted was that the bearing capacity of the pile increased from vertical to 20° and gradually decreased after 20°. The same tendency was also exhibited by loose sandy soil, but with less bearing capacity than the vertical pile (0°) except for 20°.

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Dusso, Aaron, and Sheila Suess Kennedy. "Does Ignorance Matter? The Relative Importance of Civic Knowledge and the Human Tendency to Engage in Motivated Reasoning." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.1.1.59-72.

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Kakade, S. B., and Ashwini Kulkarni. "The Changing Relationship between Surface Temperatures and Indian Monsoon Rainfall with the Phase of ESI Tendency." Advances in Meteorology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/934624.

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Effective Strength Index (ESI) is the relative strength of NAO and SO. ESI tendency is the algebraic difference between April-ESI and January-ESI and it represents the simultaneous evolution of NAO and SO from winter to spring. During positive (negative) phase of ESI tendency, NAO restores positive (negative) phase and SO restores negative (positive) phase before the beginning of summer season. Thus during contrasting phases (positive and negative) of ESI tendency, the evolution of NAO and SO is out of phase. In this paper we have studied the spatial and temporal variability of winter-time temperature field over Europe, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal during contrasting phases of ESI tendency. The study reveals that during positive (negative) ESI tendency, smaller (larger) region of Europe is showing significant winter-time cooling (warming) at surface. The relationship between winter-time surface temperature over above regions and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) also shows spatial and temporal variability. The probable explanation for this change in the relationship is discussed in the paper. Two sets of temperature parameters for two different phases of ESI tendency are found out. Multiple regression equations are developed for the prediction of ISMR in each phase of ESI tendency. The performance of these equations is also discussed in this paper.

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Cemin, Henrique S., Mike D. Tokach, Steve S. Dritz, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, and Robert D. Goodband. "164 Evaluation of the energy value of soybean meal relative to corn based on growth performance of 11- to 22-kg pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.117.

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Abstract A 21-d experiment was conducted to estimate the energy value of soybean meal (SBM) and determine the effects of increasing SBM on pig performance. A total of 2,233 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050), initially 11.0 kg, were placed in pens containing 20 to 27 pigs. Treatments were assigned in a randomized complete block design with BW as blocking factor. Dietary treatments consisted of 21, 27, 33, or 39% SBM obtained by changing the amount of feed-grade amino acids and corn. There were 23 replicates per treatment. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, G:F, and caloric efficiency (CE). Cull pigs and mortality were evaluated daily. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. There was a tendency (P = 0.090) for a quadratic response for ADG, with a decrease in ADG observed with 39% SBM. There was a tendency (linear, P = 0.092) for a decrease in ADFI as SBM increased. Pigs fed diets with increasing SBM had a tendency (quadratic, P = 0.069) for an increase in G:F up to 33% SBM and an improvement (linear, P = 0.001; quadratic, P = 0.063) in CE with increasing SBM. There was no evidence for differences (P ≥ 0.457) in cull pigs and mortality. Using CE to estimate the energy of SBM relative to corn, a value of 105.4% of corn energy or 2,816 kcal/kg NE was determined using all data points. When removing the CE value of the 39% SBM treatment due to the quadratic tendency, SBM was estimated to have 121.1% of corn energy or 3,236 kcal/kg NE. The results suggest that feeding increasing levels of SBM improves G:F and CE. The energy value of SBM was estimated between 105 and 121% of corn, which is much greater than the NRC (2012) would suggest.

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Ermakov, Boris, Alexey Alkhimenko, Aleksandr Kharkov, Oleg Shvetsov, and Artem Davydov. "Investigating the influence of temperature on the selection of criteria for evaluating the propensity of tube steels to corrosion cracking at low loading speeds." E3S Web of Conferences 225 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122501001.

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The paper studies how temperature within the range of 20-80°C influences the destruction of tube steels in environments containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. The tensile tests diagrams of tube steels with increasing temperature in hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are analyzed. It is shown that increasing temperature affects the tendency of tube steels towards corrosion cracking. The criterion for evaluating the tendency towards corrosion cracking at increasing temperature does not change qualitatively and represents stress and relative deformation observed when a specimen is destroyed.

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Kim, Bong Hwan, and Sang Mok Lee. "Mechanism and Tendency of Die Erosion in Al-Si Casting Alloy for Permanent Mold Casting Process." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.77.

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The mechanism of die erosion in Al-Si alloys was investigated based on the formation behavior of iron-containing intermetallics. And the metallurgical parameters affecting on the erosion tendency were discussed as functions of chemical composition for a guideline of melt control in Al-Si foundry. It was found that the intermetallic layers of α-AlFeSi, β-AlFeSi and θ-AlFe were formed through metallurgical reactions. The erosion tendency of die material was determined by not only the gradient of iron content through the interface between die material and molten alloy but also the relative formation temperature of primary intermetallics.

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Patel, Rickesh, Alan Nevill, Ross Cloak, Tina Smith, and Matthew Wyon. "Relative age, maturation, anthropometry and physical performance characteristics of players within an Elite Youth Football Academy." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 6 (October 1, 2019): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119879348.

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A professional English football club with Category 1 academy status was investigated to determine the magnitude of relative age effects (RAE) within the club and explore between-quartile differences for somatic maturity, anthropometry and physical performances. Birth dates of 426 players from Under 9 to First Team were categorised into four birth quartiles (Q) and examined for relative age effects. Additionally, data on 382 players (Under 11 to First Team) were obtained for somatic maturity, anthropometry, countermovement jump, sprint (10 and 30 m), agility T-test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 or 2 performance to determine between-quartile differences. Odds ratios revealed Q1 players were 6.0 times more likely to be represented than Q4 players. Multilevel modelling demonstrated between birth quartile similarities for each variable across all age groups, though there was a tendency for Q4 players to outperform Q1 players between Under 11 and Under 18 groups. Strong relative age effects exist within this club as well as a tendency to select players demonstrating advanced growth and/or maturity, with some indication that higher categorised academies in England may be at risk of amplified selection biases. Talent identification strategies in elite youth football should actively seek to adopt novel approaches to reduce selection biases and avoid wasted potential.

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Villiers, Jill De, and Thomas Roeper. "Relative clauses are barriers to wh-movement for young children." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 2 (June 1995): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009843.

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ABSTRACTTwo studies are described which investigate preschool children's sensitivity to relative clauses as barriers to the movement of wh-questions. The children were presented with short stories followed by questions in which the wh-word had two possible sites of interpretation, the ungrammatical option being inside a relative clause. A cross-sectional study with 23 children aged 3;1 to 6;1, and a longitudinal study over the course of one year with 12 children aged 3;1 to 4;1 at the start, found young children refused to extract wh-questions from the ungrammatical site inside a relative clause. This confirms other findings that children's early grammars are sensitive to universal constraints on movement. In addition, the children differentiated between wh-complements and relative clauses in their tendency to mistakenly answer the medial wh-complementizer but not the wh-relative pronoun. Explanations for the latter are framed in terms of children's initial assumptions about the attachment of complements.

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Khan, Gulshan. "Beyond the Ontological Turn: Affirming the Relative Autonomy of Politics." Political Studies Review 15, no. 4 (September 13, 2017): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929917712933.

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In this article, I critically evaluate a characteristic tendency that is found across the various traditions of poststructuralism, both narrowly and more broadly defined. This is an increasing propensity to be preoccupied with ontological questions and seemingly at the expense of either a refinement of political concepts or a concrete analysis of forms of power and domination. I consider the reasons for this development and stress how this characteristic feature of poststructuralism appears to follow from the very fact of ontological pluralism. What we see in contemporary continental thought is a proliferation of different traditions, and each side seeks to defend their position in ontological terms. Following this, I advance the idea of a relative autonomy between ontology and politics, where the former does not determine the latter in any direct or straightforward fashion. I argue that we need to stress this relative autonomy to open a little space between ontology and politics, space where we can return poststructuralism to a more concrete engagement with ‘the political’.

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Hu, Haixia, Wei Luo, Qinghua Wang, Junzheng Yang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zhonghao Li, and Xuanhao Zhang. "Measurement of Relative Permeability Curves of Cores with Different Permeability and Lengths under Unsteady-State." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390124.

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The oil-water and gas-water relative permeability curves are important reference data for the dynamic analysis and numerical simulation of oil and gas reservoir exploitation. Although the petroleum industry of China and other countries have formulated reference standards for the measuring methods of relative permeability of cores, they haven’t given the definite reference values of the core length, therefore we cannot know for sure whether different core length values are required in the measurement and whether the core length has an impact on the measurement results. In view of this gap, this paper conducted a research on the relative permeability of cores with different lengths. The core samples are artificial core with similar properties as the outcrop cores of the Halfaya Oilfield (Iraq), in our experiment, the oil-water and gas-water relative permeability curves of the sample cores were measured and the results suggest that, for the oil-water relative permeability curves, as the core length grows, the iso-permeability points move to the right, and they basically stabilize when the core length is greater than 20cm; as for gas-water relative permeability curves, in case of low-permeability cores, under constant injection pressure, as the core length grows, the iso-permeability points and the two-phase co-permeation areas present an obvious tendency of moving to the left, but when the core length is greater than 20cm, such tendency is not obvious, and the high-permeability cores do not have such characteristics. These results indicate that, the unsteady-state two-phase relative permeability measurement experiments obtained accurate results at a core length of about 20cm, which provided a reference for similar experiments in subsequent research.

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Berezina, Tatiana N., and Stanislav Rybtsov. "Acceleration of Biological Aging and Underestimation of Subjective Age Are Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080913.

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In an epidemic, it is important to have methods for reliable and rapid assessment of risk groups for severe forms of the disease for their priority vaccination and for the application of preventive lockdown measures. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for severe forms of COVID-19 in adults using indicators of biological and subjective aging. Longitudinal studies evaluated the severity of the disease and the number of cases. Respondents (447) were divided into “working group” and “risk group” (retirees with chronic diseases). During the lockdown period (in mid-2020), accelerated aging was observed in the group of workers (by 3.9–8 years for men and an increase at the tendency level for women). However, the respondents began to feel subjectively younger (by 3.3–7.2 years). In the risk group, there were no deviations from the expected biopsychological aging. The number of cases at the end of 2020 was 31% in workers and 0% in the risk group. Reasonably, the risk group followed the quarantine rules more strictly by 1.5 times. In working men, indicators of relative biological and relative subjective aging (measured in both 2019 and mid-2020) significantly influenced the incidence at the end of 2020. In women, only the indicators obtained in mid-2020 had a significant impact. The relative biological aging of an individual tested in the middle of 2020 had a direct impact on the risk of infection (p < 0.05) and on the probability of death (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, an increase in the relative subjective (psychological) aging index reduced the risk of infection (at the tendency level, p = 0.06) and the risk of death (p < 0.0001). Both the risk of infection and the risk of death increased with calendar age at the tendency level. Conclusions: Indicators of individual relative biological and subjective aging affect the probability of getting COVID-19 and its severity. The combination of high indicators of biological aging and underestimated indicators of subjective aging is associated with increased chances of developing severe forms of the disease.

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Hill, Gregory W., and Donald H. Mershon. "Age-Related Changes in Distance Judgments." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 7 (October 1985): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502900718.

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Research was conducted to evaluate age-related changes in the strength of the Equidistance Tendency originally described by W.C. Gogel. This factor refers to the tendency on the part of a human observer to perceive two (or more) objects as if they were located at the same distance. A configuration of binocular and monocular objects was produced in a visually reduced, laboratory setting, so that individual measures of the strength of this effect could be obtained for observers who differed in age. Three groups were used: 18–22 years, 35–45 years, and over-60 years old. The Equidistance Tendency increased significantly for the older observers, suggesting that such individuals have a greater likelihood of underestimating the relative depth separation of visual targets. Implications of this work for transportation safety were discussed.

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Elias, Gordon, and Jack Broerse. "Developmental changes in the incidence and likelihood of simultaneous talk during the first two years: a question of function." Journal of Child Language 23, no. 1 (February 1996): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900010151.

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ABSTRACTGlobal tendencies for the relative absence of covocalization (simul- taneous talk) have been identified in both conversations between adult partners and conversations between mothers and their infants; in each case, the alternating mode in which one partner speaks at a time is predominant. The present investigation examined the timing of the partners' talk in mother-infant engagements over infant age to determine whether: (a) variations occur in the incidence of the alternating mode; and (b) variations occur in the extent to which the alternating mode predominates. Conversations involving a total of 48 mothers and their infants aged from 0;3 to 2;0 were investigated at each of eight infant ages (0;3, 0;6, 0;9, 1;0, 153, 1;6, 1;9 and 2;0). The results indicated that, within a global tendency for the relative absence of covocalization, there was: (a) a curvilinear tendency for the incidence of covocalization to decrease over the first 18 months, and then to increase; and (b) a linear tendency for the extent to which the alternating mode predominates to increase over age. These changes are interpreted as reflecting the facilitative effects of covocalization in the case of young preverbal infants, and the need for the alternating, turn-taking pattern to predominate as mutual comprehension becomes possible in conversations between mothers and their older infants.

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Langrish, T. A. G. "Assessing the relative tendency of different materials to crystallize in spray drying: A comparison between sodium chloride and lactose." Journal of Food Engineering 91, no. 4 (April 2009): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.10.002.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Relative tendency'

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