Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relative survival'
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1
Zhang, Xinjian. "HIV/AIDS relative survival analysis." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07262007-123251/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Gengsheng (Jeff) Qin, committee chair; Ruiguang (Rick) Song, Xu Zhang, Yu-Sheng Hsu, committee members. Electronic text (79 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-42).
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Zhang, Xinjian. "HIV/Aids Relative Survival and Mean Residual Life Analysis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/43.
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HIV/Aids Relative Survival and Mean Residual Life Analysis BY XINJIAN ZHANG Under the Direction of Gengsheng (Jeff) Qin and Ruiguang (Rick) Song ABSTRACT Generalized linear models with Poisson error were applied to investigate HIV/AIDS relative survival. Relative excess risk for death within 3 years after HIV/AIDS diagnosis was significantly higher for non-Hispanic blacks, American Indians and Hispanics compared with Whites. Excess hazard for death was also higher in men injection drug users compared with men who have sex with men (MSM). The relative excess hazard of old HIV/AIDS patients is significantly higher compared with younger patients. When CD4 increased, the relative excess hazard decreased; while with the increase of HIV viral load, the relative excess hazard decreased. This is the first study to use national wide data to examine the significance of HIV viral load as a determinant risk factor of disease progression after HIV infection; The mean residual lie needs to be further analyzed. INDEX WORDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Survival, Mean residual life (MRL).
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White, Ceri. "Cluster analysis : algorithms, hazards and small area relative survival." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/cluster-analysis(b799eddf-4d11-4cd2-9cd0-3d0480dcaedd).html.
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This thesis presents research that has demonstrated the use of clustering algorithms in the analysis of datasets routinely collected by cancer registries. This involved a review of existing algorithms and their application in studies of spatial and temporal variations in cancer rates. As a result of continuing public and scientific concern there has been an increase in the numbers of cancer related enquiries in recent years that has helped to raise the profile of the work of cancer registries. There are no official guidelines on the approach to be taken in such studies in relation to cluster analysis. In this study, a variety of cluster algorithms were applied to leukaemia data collected by the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit in order to propose an approach that could be adopted in future investigations of cancer incidence in Wales. For example, different methodologies have been employed to determine if an excess risk occurs near hazardous sources and one of the studies in the portfolio compares the results of using three methods to determine if an increased risk of cancer occurs in the vicinity of landfill sites and electric power lines. This uses new digital products that permit a more detailed estimation of the population at risk and permit a sensitivity analysis of the results of such investigations. In the third portfolio, analysis of relative survival at small area level has been made possible using a new level of geographical resolution that has recently been released in the United Kingdom. This study shows the benefits of using this new level of geography for small area studies of cancer survival where there are generally small numbers of deaths per spatial unit. It is anticipated that together these research studies will be of wider benefit to other registries in the UK charged with investigating spatial and temporal variations in cancer rates.
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Nelson, Christopher Paul. "The application and development of relative survival methods in coronary heart disease." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7514.
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Relative survival is an estimate of net-survival without the need for cause-of-death information. This is achieved by matching the study cohort to the general population by various covariates, including age, sex and year of hospitalisation, in order to obtain an expected mortality rate. In this thesis relative survival methodology will be applied in heart disease where the form of the excess hazard rate is known to be very different from cancer, where this methodology originates. The dataset presented is from the Leicester Royal Infirmary coronary care unit where all admissions to the unit were recorded between 1993 and 2006, which includes all patients in Leicestershire. Only patients who present with an ST-elevated acute myocardial infarction will be studied. Relative survival is a new methodology in heart disease and this thesis will describe some of the problems that are encountered including the increased prevalence of the disease in the population and the very high early excess mortality rate that is not present in most cancers. Also investigated are period analysis models, which are also new to heart disease and allow the estimation of up-to-date information. An analysis of admission blood glucose levels and diabetic status is performed to examine the potential impact on patient prognosis in the short and long term, which involves the use of relative survival. A new methodology is developed in this thesis for relative survival that fits spline based flexible parametric models on the log cumulative excess hazard scale. This methodology holds many advantages over current relative survival techniques due to the use of non-split- time data. This thesis demonstrates these advantages. This thesis details how current relative survival methods have been extended to heart disease. A new model is developed, which is suitable in heart disease and cancer that fits flexible parametric spline based models.
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Baade, Ingrid Annette. "Survival analysis diagnostics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.
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Sandin, Fredrik. "Analyzing and modeling the relative survival rate of patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120229.
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NiaziEsfyani, Sadegh. "The role of relative humidity and aerosol composition in airborne respiratory virus survival." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/214025/1/Sadegh_NiaziEsfyani_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis presents and tests a novel hypothesis that attempts to predict the relative humidity (RH) dependent survival of airborne respiratory viruses in protein-enriched saline aerosols. The hypothesis proposed that virus-laden respiratory aerosols exist in either an effloresced (solid) or deliquesced (liquid) state, depending on the ambient air RH and that the survival of viruses embedded in such aerosols changes with that state. Experiments confirmed as predicted, that rhinovirus and influenza virus exhibited a V-shaped surviving fraction dependence on RH. Implications concerning the survival of these viruses under seasonal conditions are discussed along with strategies to control indoor airborne infection.
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Galarno, Ashton J. "Coral vs. Macroalgae: Relative Susceptibility to Sedimentation and Ocean Warming." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/450.
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Sedimentation and ocean warming are two major anthropogenic stressors that directly affect coral recruitment and recovery. Many coral-dominated reefs have undergone phase shifts becoming macroalgae-dominated because of the coral population’s inability to tolerate these increasing stressors. Predicting these phase shifts requires a determination of the relative susceptibility of coral and macroalgae to these stressors. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the synergistic effects of sedimentation and elevated temperature on the survival and growth of Montastraea cavernosa newly settled coral juveniles, and fragments of the macroalgae, Dictyota ciliolata. A crossed experimental design tested the two temperatures and four sedimentation levels. After 12 weeks, a 2°C increase in temperature did not significantly affect survival of the M. cavernosa juveniles or fragments of D. ciliolata. Montastraea cavernosa juvenile survival was negatively affected by a decrease in sediment. Dictyota ciliolata survival was highly sensitive to the increase in sedimentation. The survival and growth of both species appeared to be susceptible to an increase in sedimentation, but in opposite ways. This study demonstrates that both M. cavernosa juveniles and D. ciliolata fragments may be more vulnerable to light caused by changes in turbidity rather than temperature.
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Sanderson, Thomas F. "Genetic Components of Male Relative to Hermaphrodite Survival in the Clam Shrimp Eulimnadia Texana." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163711815.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Biology, 2006."December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 12/31/2008) Advisor, Stephen C. Weeks; Committee members, Francisco B.-G. Moore, R. Joel Duff; Department Chair, Bruce Cushing; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Bayoh, Mohamed Nabie. "Studies on the development and survival of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto at various temperatures and relative humidities." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4952/.
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Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most efficient malaria vector in Africa. Recent advances in mapping the distribution of this vector have exploited the relationship between climatic factors and vector parameters such as growth, survival and reproduction. This work was designed to investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on the development and survival of the vector and to test the use of recently developed tools in describing its distribution. The development rate and survival of the aquatic stages of the vector were investigated at 16 constant temperatures. Adults were produced between 16 -34ºC with a peak development rate at 28ºC and peak number of adults at 22 -26ºC. Larvae survived for less than 7 days at 10º, 12º, 38 º, and 40ºC but for more than 5 weeks, at 14-18ºC without any development of adults. Laboratory models accurately predicted development times at natural breeding sites in The Gambia suggesting the applicability of the models to field situations. The survival and mortality rates of adult An. gambiae s.s. were monitored at combinations of temperatures from 0-45ºC at 5 intervals and 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% relative humidity. Survival was highest at 15-25ºC and 60-100% relative humidity. The temperature - larva development relation was used to produce a distribution map across Africa while climatic data from sites at which chromosomal forms of the insect have been found were used to map the distribution of the forms across West Africa. Climate is an important determinant of insect distribution and the use of climate and vector parameters in describing or predicting vector and disease distribution will provide a cheaper and less labour intensive tool than traditional methods.
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Seppä, K. (Karri). "Quantifying regional variation in the survival of cancer patients." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200118.
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Abstract Monitoring regional variation in the survival of cancer patients is an important tool for assessing realisation of regional equity in cancer care. When regions are small or sparsely populated, the random component in the total variation across the regions becomes prominent. The broad aim of this doctoral thesis is to develop methods for assessing regional variation in the cause-specific and relative survival of cancer patients in a country and for quantifying the public health impact of the regional variation in the presence of competing hazards of death using summary measures that are interpretable also for policy-makers and other stakeholders. Methods for summarising the survival of a patient population with incomplete follow-up in terms of the mean and median survival times are proposed. A cure fraction model with two sets of random effects for regional variation is fitted to cause-specific survival data in a Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. This hierarchical model is extended to the estimation of relative survival where the expected survival is estimated by region and considered as a random quantity. The public health impact of regional variation is quantified by the extra survival time and the number of avoidable deaths that would be gained if the patients achieved the most favourable level of relative survival. The methods proposed were applied to real data sets from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Estimates of the mean and the median survival times of colon and thyroid cancer patients, respectively, were corrected for the bias that was caused by the inherent selection of patients during the period of diagnosis with respect to their age at diagnosis. The cure fraction model allowed estimation of regional variation in cause-specific and relative survival of breast and colon cancer patients, respectively, with a parsimonious number of parameters yielding reasonable estimates also for sparsely populated hospital districtsTiivistelmä Syöpäpotilaiden elossaolon alueellisen vaihtelun seuraaminen on tärkeää arvioitaessa syövänhoidon oikeudenmukaista jakautumista alueittain. Kun alueet ovat pieniä tai harvaan asuttuja, alueellisen kokonaisvaihtelun satunnainen osa kasvaa merkittäväksi. Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tavoitteena on kehittää menetelmiä, joilla pystytään arvioimaan maan sisäistä alueellista vaihtelua lisäkuolleisuudessa, jonka itse syöpä potilaille aiheuttaa, ja tiivistämään alueellisen vaihtelun kansanterveydellinen merkitys mittalukuihin, jotka ottavat kilpailevan kuolleisuuden huomioon ja ovat myös päättäjien tulkittavissa. Ehdotetuilla menetelmillä voidaan potilaiden ennustetta kuvailla käyttäen elossaolo-ajan keskiarvoa ja mediaania, vaikka potilaiden seuruu olisi keskeneräinen. Potilaiden syykohtaiselle kuolleisuudelle sovitetaan bayesiläisittäin MCMC-simulaatiota hyödyntäen malli, jossa parantuneiden potilaiden osuuden kuvaamisen lisäksi alueellinen vaihtelu esitetään kahden satunnaisefektijoukon avulla. Tämä hierarkkinen malli laajennetaan suhteellisen elossaolon estimointiin, jossa potilaiden odotettu elossaolo estimoidaan alueittain ja siihen liittyvä satunnaisvaihtelu otetaan huomioon. Alueellisen vaihtelun kansanterveydellistä merkitystä mitataan elossaoloajan keskimääräisellä pidentymällä sekä vältettävien kuolemien lukumäärällä, jotka voitaisiin saavuttaa, mikäli suotuisin suhteellisen elossaolon taso saavutettaisiin kaikilla alueilla. Kehitettyjä menetelmiä käytettiin Suomen Syöpärekisterin aineistojen analysointiin. Paksusuoli- ja kilpirauhassyöpäpotilaiden elinaikojen keskiarvojen ja mediaanien estimaatit oikaistiin harhasta, joka aiheutui potilaiden luontaisesta valikoitumisesta diagnosointijakson aikana iän suhteen. Parantuneiden osuuden satunnaisefektimalli mahdollisti rintasyöpäpotilaiden syykohtaisen kuolleisuuden ja paksusuolisyöpäpotilaiden suhteellisen elossaolon kuvaamisen vähäisellä määrällä parametreja ja antoi järkeenkäyvät estimaatit myös harvaan asutuille sairaanhoitopiireille
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De, Nobili Maria. "An investigation of the relative importance of soil organic matter and fresh substrates for microbial survival in soil." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251940.
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Amishev, Dzhamal Y. "Impact of Weed Control and Fertilization on Growth of Eastern White, Loblolly, Shortleaf, and Virginia Pine Plantations in the Virginia Piedmont." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35119.
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The relative growth response of planted loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.), Virginia (Pinus virginiana Mill.), and Eastern white (Pinus strobus L.) pines to intensive silvicultural practices such as woody competition control and fertilization in the Piedmont Province of Virginia is unclear. To address this issue, during 1999, a mixed stand of Virginia pine and hardwoods was clearcut and site-prepared by herbicide application. Three replications containing strips of loblolly, shortleaf, Virginia, and white pines were planted at a 3 m x 1.5 m spacing during February-June, 2000. Four different sources of loblolly pine seedlings were used. The strips were subsequently split across to accommodate four different silvicultural treatments: (1) check (no treatment); (2) woody vegetation control; (3) fertilization; and (4) weed control plus fertilization. The weed control treatment used two directed spray herbicide applications in 2001 (triclopyr and glyphosate) and 2003 (glyphosate) and one mechanical cutting of the remaining hardwoods in 2004. Fertilizer containing N, P, K, and S was applied in 2001, only N in 2002, and N plus P in 2004. Crop tree survival was highest for loblolly pine, decreased in shortleaf and Virginia pines, and Eastern white pine had the poorest survival through age 5. Fertilization without controlling the competing hardwoods decreased survival in all planted pines due to the increased hardwood competition. Loblolly pine was tallest (4.7 m) through the five-year period, shortleaf and Virginia pines were shorter (2.95 m and 3.06 m, respectively), and white pine was shortest (1.7 m). When fertilized, hardwoods were taller than white pine seedlings, almost equal in height to shortleaf and Virginia pines, but shorter than loblolly pine seedlings. Silvicultural treatments had no significant impact on tree height. However, the weed control treatment increased fifth-year pine DBH and stem volume, while fertilization did not. When applied in combination with weed control, there was no additional increase in crop tree DBH and stem volume due to fertilization beyond that from weed control only. The increased availability of soil nutrients due to harvesting the previous stands and allocating them to the crop trees by controlling the competing woody vegetation was enough to meet the nutrient requirements of the young seedlings up to this age.Master of Science
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Cui, Yan. "Self-Employment: Opportunity Pursuit for the Haves or Survival Strategy for the Have-nots." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1242186244.
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Yu, Xue Qin. "Comparing survival from cancer using population-based cancer registry data - methods and applications." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1774.
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Over the past decade, population-based cancer registry data have been used increasingly worldwide to evaluate and improve the quality of cancer care. The utility of the conclusions from such studies relies heavily on the data quality and the methods used to analyse the data. Interpretation of comparative survival from such data, examining either temporal trends or geographical differences, is generally not easy. The observed differences could be due to methodological and statistical approaches or to real effects. For example, geographical differences in cancer survival could be due to a number of real factors, including access to primary health care, the availability of diagnostic and treatment facilities and the treatment actually given, or to artefact, such as lead-time bias, stage migration, sampling error or measurement error. Likewise, a temporal increase in survival could be the result of earlier diagnosis and improved treatment of cancer; it could also be due to artefact after the introduction of screening programs (adding lead time), changes in the definition of cancer, stage migration or several of these factors, producing both real and artefactual trends. In this thesis, I report methods that I modified and applied, some technical issues in the use of such data, and an analysis of data from the State of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, illustrating their use in evaluating and potentially improving the quality of cancer care, showing how data quality might affect the conclusions of such analyses. This thesis describes studies of comparative survival based on population-based cancer registry data, with three published papers and one accepted manuscript (subject to minor revision). In the first paper, I describe a modified method for estimating spatial variation in cancer survival using empirical Bayes methods (which was published in Cancer Causes and Control 2004). I demonstrate in this paper that the empirical Bayes method is preferable to standard approaches and show how it can be used to identify cancer types where a focus on reducing area differentials in survival might lead to important gains in survival. In the second paper (published in the European Journal of Cancer 2005), I apply this method to a more complete analysis of spatial variation in survival from colorectal cancer in NSW and show that estimates of spatial variation in colorectal cancer can help to identify subgroups of patients for whom better application of treatment guidelines could improve outcome. I also show how estimates of the numbers of lives that could be extended might assist in setting priorities for treatment improvement. In the third paper, I examine time trends in survival from 28 cancers in NSW between 1980 and 1996 (published in the International Journal of Cancer 2006) and conclude that for many cancers, falls in excess deaths in NSW from 1980 to 1996 are unlikely to be attributable to earlier diagnosis or stage migration; thus, advances in cancer treatment have probably contributed to them. In the accepted manuscript, I described an extension of the work reported in the second paper, investigating the accuracy of staging information recorded in the registry database and assessing the impact of error in its measurement on estimates of spatial variation in survival from colorectal cancer. The results indicate that misclassified registry stage can have an important impact on estimates of spatial variation in stage-specific survival from colorectal cancer. Thus, if cancer registry data are to be used effectively in evaluating and improving cancer care, the quality of stage data might have to be improved. Taken together, the four papers show that creative, informed use of population-based cancer registry data, with appropriate statistical methods and acknowledgement of the limitations of the data, can be a valuable tool for evaluating and possibly improving cancer care. Use of these findings to stimulate evaluation of the quality of cancer care should enhance the value of the investment in cancer registries. They should also stimulate improvement in the quality of cancer registry data, particularly that on stage at diagnosis. The methods developed in this thesis may also be used to improve estimation of geographical variation in other count-based health measures when the available data are sparse.
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Yu, Xue Qin. "Comparing survival from cancer using population-based cancer registry data - methods and applications." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1774.
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Doctor of PhilosophyOver the past decade, population-based cancer registry data have been used increasingly worldwide to evaluate and improve the quality of cancer care. The utility of the conclusions from such studies relies heavily on the data quality and the methods used to analyse the data. Interpretation of comparative survival from such data, examining either temporal trends or geographical differences, is generally not easy. The observed differences could be due to methodological and statistical approaches or to real effects. For example, geographical differences in cancer survival could be due to a number of real factors, including access to primary health care, the availability of diagnostic and treatment facilities and the treatment actually given, or to artefact, such as lead-time bias, stage migration, sampling error or measurement error. Likewise, a temporal increase in survival could be the result of earlier diagnosis and improved treatment of cancer; it could also be due to artefact after the introduction of screening programs (adding lead time), changes in the definition of cancer, stage migration or several of these factors, producing both real and artefactual trends. In this thesis, I report methods that I modified and applied, some technical issues in the use of such data, and an analysis of data from the State of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, illustrating their use in evaluating and potentially improving the quality of cancer care, showing how data quality might affect the conclusions of such analyses. This thesis describes studies of comparative survival based on population-based cancer registry data, with three published papers and one accepted manuscript (subject to minor revision). In the first paper, I describe a modified method for estimating spatial variation in cancer survival using empirical Bayes methods (which was published in Cancer Causes and Control 2004). I demonstrate in this paper that the empirical Bayes method is preferable to standard approaches and show how it can be used to identify cancer types where a focus on reducing area differentials in survival might lead to important gains in survival. In the second paper (published in the European Journal of Cancer 2005), I apply this method to a more complete analysis of spatial variation in survival from colorectal cancer in NSW and show that estimates of spatial variation in colorectal cancer can help to identify subgroups of patients for whom better application of treatment guidelines could improve outcome. I also show how estimates of the numbers of lives that could be extended might assist in setting priorities for treatment improvement. In the third paper, I examine time trends in survival from 28 cancers in NSW between 1980 and 1996 (published in the International Journal of Cancer 2006) and conclude that for many cancers, falls in excess deaths in NSW from 1980 to 1996 are unlikely to be attributable to earlier diagnosis or stage migration; thus, advances in cancer treatment have probably contributed to them. In the accepted manuscript, I described an extension of the work reported in the second paper, investigating the accuracy of staging information recorded in the registry database and assessing the impact of error in its measurement on estimates of spatial variation in survival from colorectal cancer. The results indicate that misclassified registry stage can have an important impact on estimates of spatial variation in stage-specific survival from colorectal cancer. Thus, if cancer registry data are to be used effectively in evaluating and improving cancer care, the quality of stage data might have to be improved. Taken together, the four papers show that creative, informed use of population-based cancer registry data, with appropriate statistical methods and acknowledgement of the limitations of the data, can be a valuable tool for evaluating and possibly improving cancer care. Use of these findings to stimulate evaluation of the quality of cancer care should enhance the value of the investment in cancer registries. They should also stimulate improvement in the quality of cancer registry data, particularly that on stage at diagnosis. The methods developed in this thesis may also be used to improve estimation of geographical variation in other count-based health measures when the available data are sparse.
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Hsieh, Jeff Ching-Fu. "Bayesian statistical models for understanding health-related outcomes for women screened for breast cancer." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/100033/1/Jeff%20Ching-Fu_Hsieh_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis aims to understand the effects of women's residential location on breast cancer outcomes associated with screening, with a focus on women living in Queensland, Australia. It examines the spatial survival inequalities in health outcomes among these women by means of Bayesian spatial models and presents the inequalities with thematic maps across the state. The thesis investigated the spatial inequalities of various patient demographic, clinical and geographic factors as well as the intended use of cancer treatment among women with screen-diagnosed breast cancer.
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Brauer, Felicia, and Maria Enfeldt. "När hjärtat slutar slå : Upplevelser av livet efter ett hjärtstopp." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382971.
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Bakgrund: Ett hjärtstopp innebär att hjärtats pumpförmåga har blivit reducerad och inte kan tillgodose cirkulationssystemet med blod, vilket orsakar en cirkulationssvikt. Under 2017 räddades 1444 människor till livet efter ett plötsligt hjärtstopp. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att belysa patienters och anhörigas upplevda livskvalitet efter ett hjärtstopp. Metod: Metoden för studien var en litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Sju av de inkluderade vetenskapliga artiklarna riktades från ett patientperspektiv, fem var från ett anhörigperspektiv och en av artiklarna hade både patient- samt anhörig-perspektiv. De inkluderade artiklarna identifierades på databaserna PubMed och PsykINFO och de granskades med hjälp av SBU (2014) granskningsmall. Resultat: Litteraturöversiktens resultat presenterades utifrån fyra kategorier, vilka tre hade två subkategorier vardera. Patienterna upplevde händelsen som en emotionell utmaning som kantades av lidande och hopplöshet inför sina nya begränsningar. De upplevde ett existentiellt lidande över att inte kunna leva det liv som önskades och de fick ett nytt perspektiv på livet. Anhöriga blev i samband med hjärtstoppet rädda och chockade och de tyckte att ansvaret att behöva utföra HLR var betungande. Efter händelsen fick anhöriga en ökad arbetsbelastning och ett stort ansvar och deras livskvalitet påverkades på flera sätt. Slutsats: Ett hjärtstopp påverkar det vardagliga livet och livskvaliteteten hos både patienter och anhöriga. Stödet och informationen från vården till både patienter och anhöriga behöver bli bättre.Background: A cardiac arrest implies that the heart's ability to provide the circulatory system with blood has been reduced, causing a circulatory failure. In 2017, 1444 people were saved to life after a sudden cardiac arrest. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to highlight the perceived quality of life of patients and their relatives after a cardiac arrest. Method: A literature review based on 13 qualitative articles. Seven of the included articles were described from a patient perspective, five from a relative's perspective and one of the articles had both patient and relative perspectives. The articles were identified on PubMed and PsykINFO. Quality assurance and a quality analysis were made using the SBU (2014) review template. Result: Results from the literature review were presented in four categories, three of which had two subcategories each. The patients experienced the event as an emotional challenge that was lined with suffering and hopelessness for their new limitations. They experienced an existential suffering over not being able to live the life they wanted and they got a new perspective on life. Relatives were afraid and shocked, they felt that the responsibility for having to perform CPR was difficult. After the incident, relatives had an increased workload and a greater responsibility and their quality of life were affected in several ways. Conclusion: A cardiac arrest affects the everyday life and quality of life of both patients and relatives. Support and information from the healthcare personnel to both patients and relatives need to be improved.
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Shek, Lydia L. M. "Prognosis of breast cancer : a survival analysis of 1184 patients with 4-10 years follow-up, illustrating the relative importance of estrogen receptors, axillary nodes, clinical stage and tumor necrosis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29388.
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Prognostic indicators, measured at diagnosis, are important in breast cancer. They help clinicians select optimal treatment, provide rational bases for stratification of treatment trials and assist analysis of response to treatment. Univariate statistical survival curves have identified many such indicators. However, they do not explain why some patients, classified as favoured by one or other factor(s), experience early treatment failure, nor why a substantial number with unfavourable signs remain recurrence-free many years later. This study was undertaken to identify independent prognostic factors with the use of multivariate regression.
A Cox proportional hazards model of disease-specific survival was based on 1184 primary breast cancer patients referred to the Cancer Control Agency of B.C. between 1975 and 1981 (median follow-up 60 months). Significant univariate associations with overall survival were found for estrogen receptor concentration ([ER]), axillary nodal status (NO, Nl-3, N4+), clinical stage (TNM I, II, III, IV), histologic differentiation and confluent tumor necrosis (minimal, marked). These factors were assessed at primary diagnosis. A subset of 859 patients with complete data on these variables and also histologic type, menopausal status, age, tumor size and treatment was used to fit the multivariate model. Nodal status was the most important independent factor but three others, TNM stage, [ER] and tumor necrosis, were needed to make adequate predictions. A derived Hazard Index defined risk groups with 8-fold variation in survival. Five-year predicted survival ranged from 36% (N4+, loge[ER]=0, marked necrosis) to 96% (NO, loge[ER]=6, no necrosis) with TNM I and 0% to 70% for the same categories in TNM IV. This wide variation occurred across all stages. Study of post-recurrence survival (369 patients) yielded a model with only three independent predictors: [ER], nodal status and tumor necrosis.
Survival - overall, recurrence-free and post-recurrent - is predictable by modelling a few factors measureable at diagnosis. Use of ER concentration, rather than the more common ER status (+ or -), greatly strengthens the model. Presence of ER was also shown to be increasingly important as 'protective', attenuating the effect of other factors, as risk of mortality increases.Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Sauls, Beverly J. "Relative Survival of Gags Mycteroperca microlepis Released Within a Recreational Hook-and-Line Fishery| Application of the Cox Regression Model to Control for Heterogeneity in a Large-Scale Mark-Recapture Study." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548780.
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The objectives of this study were to measure injuries and impairments directly observed from gags Mycteroperca microlepis caught and released within a large-scale recreational fishery, develop methods that may be used to rapidly assess the condition of reef fish discards, and estimate the total portion of discards in the fishery that suffer latent mortality. Fishery observers were placed on for-hire charter and headboat vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico from June 2009 through December 2012 to directly observe reef fishes as they were caught by recreational anglers fishing with hook-and-line gear. Fish that were not retained by anglers were inspected and marked with conventional tags prior to release. Fish were released in multiple regions over a large geographic area throughout the year and over multiple years. The majority of recaptured fish were reported by recreational and commercial fishers, and fishing effort fluctuated both spatially and temporally over the course of this study in response to changes in recreational harvest restrictions and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Therefore, it could not be assumed that encounter probabilities were equal for all individual tagged fish in the population. Fish size and capture depth when fish were initially caught-and-released also varied among individuals in the study and potentially influenced recapture reporting probabilities. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to control for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture reporting events so that relative survival among fish released in various conditions could be compared. A total of 3,954 gags were observed in this study, and the majority (77.26%) were released in good condition (condition category 1), defined as fish that immediately submerged without assistance from venting and had not suffered internal injuries from embedded hooks or visible damage to the gills. However, compared to gags caught in shallower depths, a greater proportion of gags caught and released from depths deeper than 30 meters were in fair or poor condition. Relative survival was significantly reduced (alpha <0.05) for gags released in fair and poor condition after controlling for variable mark-recapture reporting rates for different sized discards among regions and across months and years when individual fish were initially captured, tagged and released. Gags released within the recreational fishery in fair and poor condition were 66.4% (95% C.I. 46.9 to 94.0%) and 50.6% (26.2 to 97.8%) as likely to be recaptured, respectively, as gags released in good condition. Overall discard mortality was calculated for gags released in all condition categories at ten meter depth intervals. There was a significant linear increase in estimated mortality from less than 15% (range of uncertainty, 0.1-25.2%) in shallow depths up to 30 meters, to 35.6% (5.6-55.7%) at depths greater than 70 meters (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.917). This analysis demonstrated the utility of the proportional hazards regression model for controlling for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture events in a large-scale mark-recapture study and for detecting significant differences in the relative survival of fish released in various conditions measured under highly variable conditions within a large-scale fishery.
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Sauls, Beverly J. "Relative Survival of Gags Mycteroperca microlepis Released Within a Recreational Hook-and-Line Fishery: Application of the Cox Regression Model to Control for Heterogeneity in a Large-Scale Mark-Recapture Study." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4940.
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The objectives of this study were to measure injuries and impairments directly observed from gags Mycteroperca microlepis caught and released within a large-scale recreational fishery, develop methods that may be used to rapidly assess the condition of reef fish discards, and estimate the total portion of discards in the fishery that suffer latent mortality. Fishery observers were placed on for-hire charter and headboat vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico from June 2009 through December 2012 to directly observe reef fishes as they were caught by recreational anglers fishing with hook-and-line gear. Fish that were not retained by anglers were inspected and marked with conventional tags prior to release. Fish were released in multiple regions over a large geographic area throughout the year and over multiple years. The majority of recaptured fish were reported by recreational and commercial fishers, and fishing effort fluctuated both spatially and temporally over the course of this study in response to changes in recreational harvest restrictions and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Therefore, it could not be assumed that encounter probabilities were equal for all individual tagged fish in the population. Fish size and capture depth when fish were initially caught-and-released also varied among individuals in the study and potentially influenced recapture reporting probabilities. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to control for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture reporting events so that relative survival among fish released in various conditions could be compared.
A total of 3,954 gags were observed in this study, and the majority (77.26%) were released in good condition (condition category 1), defined as fish that immediately submerged without assistance from venting and had not suffered internal injuries from embedded hooks or visible damage to the gills. However, compared to gags caught in shallower depths, a greater proportion of gags caught and released from depths deeper than 30 meters were in fair or poor condition. Relative survival was significantly reduced (alpha (underline)<(/underline)0.05) for gags released in fair and poor condition after controlling for variable mark-recapture reporting rates for different sized discards among regions and across months and years when individual fish were initially captured, tagged and released. Gags released within the recreational fishery in fair and poor condition were 66.4% (95% C.I. 46.9 to 94.0%) and 50.6% (26.2 to 97.8%) as likely to be recaptured, respectively, as gags released in good condition. Overall discard mortality was calculated for gags released in all condition categories at ten meter depth intervals. There was a significant linear increase in estimated mortality from less than 15% (range of uncertainty, 0.1-25.2%) in shallow depths up to 30 meters, to 35.6% (5.6-55.7%) at depths greater than 70 meters (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.917). This analysis demonstrated the utility of the proportional hazards regression model for controlling for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture events in a large-scale mark-recapture study and for detecting significant differences in the relative survival of fish released in various conditions measured under highly variable conditions within a large-scale fishery.
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Cunha, Micaela. "Multiscale modeling for radiation protection and cancer treatment : from nanodosimetry to cell response." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1076.
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L'interaction des rayonnements ionisants avec le vivant est marquée par des phénomènes stochastiques importants aussi bien en termes de dosimétrie physique que des effets biologiques induits. Cette thèse aborde trois problématiques de la thérapie et de l'estimation du risque des radiations pour la santé, à l'aide d'outils de modélisation et de simulations Monte Carlo. En effet, des calculs de l'énergie spécifique dans des volumes de différentes tailles ont montré que les amplitudes des fluctuations dépendent fortement de la taille de la cible. Elles sont particulièrement grandes dans le cas des cibles nanométriques. À partir de ces calculs, une étude sur la taille des dosimètres implantables pour le monitorage des traitements de radiothérapie a montré que des dimensions au moins micrométriques sont nécessaires pour assurer des mesures fiables. Les mêmes calculs ont permis l'analyse des effets de faibles doses d'irradiation, notamment la compatibilité de différentes tailles de cibles avec des données expérimentales d'aberrations chromosomiques. Les résultats suggèrent que l'activation du réseau mitochondrial peut être liée au déclenchement de mécanismes de radiorésistance dans les cellules CAL51. Finalement, un nouveau modèle (NanOx) de prédiction de l'efficacité de l'hadronthérapie (radiothérapie par faisceaux d'ions) est présenté et appliqué à la lignée cellulaire V79. Ce modèle est complètement stochastique et intègre les calculs de dosimétrie à plusieurs échelles pour modéliser des effets locaux et non locaux pouvant correspondre respectivement à des lésions de l'ADN et à un stress oxydatifThe interaction between ionizing radiation and living tissues is characterized by stochastic phenomena with non-negligible consequences both in terms of physical dosimetry and induced biological effects. The present work addresses three issues concerning radiotherapy and the estimation of radiation risks for health, by means of modeling tools and Monte Carlo simulations. Indeed, specific energy calculations in volumes of different sizes showed that the level of fluctuations strongly depends on the target size. Such fluctuations are especially high in the case of nanometric targets. Based on these calculations, a study about the size of implantable dosimeters employed in the monitoring of radiotherapy treatments demonstrated that these dosimeters should have at least micrometric dimensions in order to ensure reliable measurements. The same calculations have allowed the analysis of the effects of low doses of radiation, namely the compatibility between different target sizes and experimental data regarding chromosomal aberrations. The results suggest that the activation of the mitochondrial network may be linked to the triggering of radioresistance mechanisms for the CAL51 cell line. Finally, a new model (NanOx) to predict the effectiveness of particle therapy (radiotherapy with ion beams) is presented and applied to the V79 cell line. Such a model is completely stochastic and integrates the dosimetry calculations at multiple scales for modeling local and non-local effects, which can correspond respectively to DNA lesions and cellular oxidative stress
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Dandoit, Mylène. "Evaluation de l'impact de la prise en charge thérapeutique sur la survie et la qualité de vie des patients atteints d'un lymphome folliculaire ou d'un lymphome B diffus à grandes cellules." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS038/document.
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En France, les hémopathies lymphoïdes, se situant au sixième rang des cancers les plus fréquents, sontun problème majeur de santé publique. Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier l’impact de la prise en charge thérapeutiquesur la survie et sur la qualité de vie (QdV) des patients atteints de ce type d’hémopathies. Le premierobjectif de ce travail est un état des lieux de l’épidémiologie des hémopathies lymphoïdes avec l’étudede l’évolution de l’incidence et de la survie nette en Côte d’Or entre 1980 et 2009. L’incidence, en nette augmentationdepuis 1980, semble se stabiliser depuis les années 2000 pour certaines entités, notamment pourles lymphomes folliculaires (LF) et les lymphomes B diffus à grandes cellules (LBDGC). Nous observons globalementune amélioration de la survie nette avec, toutefois, un pronostic à court et à long terme qui restedéfavorable pour certaines entités. Les LF et les LBDGC sont les premiers lymphomes à bénéficier de l’introductiondes anticorps monoclonaux dans leur prise en charge thérapeutique. Notre deuxième étude a pourobjectif demesurer l’impact du rituximab sur la survie globale des patients atteints d’un LF ou d’un LBDGC enCôte d’Or en utilisant une méthodologie basée sur le score de propension. Nos résultats confirment le bénéficesignificatif du rituximab sur la survie globale en population générale, sans critère de sélection. En vue de cesrésultats, nous avons étudié la QdV de ces patients pendant et à la suite de la prise en charge thérapeutique. LaQdV évolue différemment au cours du suivi en fonction du type de lymphomeIn France, hematologic malignancies, which are the sixthmost common cancers, are amajor public healthproblem. This work aimed to study the impact of the therapeutic management on survival and healt-relatedquality of life (HRQoL) in patients with these hematologic malignancies. The first objective of this work is topresent an overview of the epidemiology of lymphoid malignancies with a study of changes in the incidenceand net survival in the Côte d’Or department between 1980 and 2009. The incidence, which has increased since1980, seems to have stabilized since the 2000s for some entities, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuselarge B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Overall, we observed an improvement in net survival, with, however, a lessfavorable prognosis in the short and long-term for some entities. FL and DLBCL were the first lymphomas tobenefit from the introduction of monoclonal antibodies in their therapeutic management. Our second studyaimed to assess the impact of rituximab on overall survival in patients with FL or DLBCL in the Côte d’Or departmentusing a methodology based on the propensity score. Our results confirmed the significant benefit ofrituximab on overall survival in an unselected population of patients. In view of these results, we studied theHRQoL of these patients during and after treatment. HRQoL evolved differently during follow-up dependingon the type of lymphoma
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Cassar, Claire. "Bacterial survival and decontamination in relation to food contact surfaces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bacterial-survival-and-decontamination-in-relation-to-food-contact-surfaces(376ed8d4-39c1-439e-9eb4-90a9700266f0).html.
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Shafrir, Amy L. "Reproductive and Hormonal Factors in Relation to Ovarian Cancer Risk and Survival." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201734.
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Ovarian cancer etiology is not fully elucidated and few modifiable risk factors have been identified. Ovarian cancer treatment has changed over time; however, survival is still poor. I investigated reproductive and hormonal factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk and survival. In the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHSII and New England Case-Control Study (NECC), I evaluated reproductive and hormonal factors and incidence of ovarian cancer characterized by estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) status using polytomous logistic regression. In the NHSII, I investigated oral contraceptive (OC) use and ovarian cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards models. In the NECC, I evaluated the association of pre-diagnostic reproductive and hormonal factors with overall survival and platinum resistance among ovarian cancer cases using Cox proportional hazards models. Postmenopausal status was associated with an increased risk of PR- tumors (OR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.15-3.75; p-heterogeneity=0.01) and age at natural menopause was inversely associated with PR- tumors (OR, per 5yr: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.61-0.96; p-het=0.01). Increasing duration of postmenopause was differentially associated by PR status (p-het=0.0009). In OC analyses, OC use of <6 months was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (HR: 1.53; 95%CI: 1.00-2.35) and a suggestion of a decreased risk with >10 years of OC use (HR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.51-1.39) compared to never use. The increased risk appeared to be driven by duration of mestranol use. In survival analyses, self-reported endometriosis was associated with a 29% (95%CI: 0.54-0.94) decreased risk of total death. Additionally, longer duration of hormone therapy (HT) was associated with a decreased risk of death (HR, ≥5yr vs. never: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.54-0.89). Further >5 years of HT use was associated with a decreased risk of platinum resistance. While our results need to be confirmed in other studies, they suggest that the development of ovarian tumors through hormonal pathways differs by menopausal status, the association between OC use and ovarian cancer differs between younger and older birth cohorts, and that various reproductive and hormonal factors are associated with ovarian cancer survival. These results may help in further understanding ovarian cancer etiology and providing recommendations for ovarian cancer prevention and survival.
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Klinka, Karel. "Survival and growth of western larch seedlings in relation to light availability." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/651.
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Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is an important component of the montane forest in southeastern British Columbia. It grows in cool-temperate (IDF and ICH zones) and boreal climates (MS zone and, occasionally, ESSF zone). Larch is considered a very shade-intolerant species which can tolerate low light (partial shading) only during the seedling stage (the first 5 growing seasons). Typically, it regenerates after fire in the open on seedbeds exposed by burning. However, to what extent it tolerates low light and how various light environments affect its survival and growth is not known. The objective of our study was to determine the variation in survival and growth of western larch seedlings in relation to light availability and site conditions.
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Wilson, Aidan Brian. "The survival and proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes in relation to food contact surfaces." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282351.
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Dzus, Elston H. "Survival and recruitment of mallards in relation to brood size, hatching date and wetland characteristics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24056.pdf.
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Cookman, Clifford. "Characterization of 17ß-Estradiol Survival Signaling in Medulloblastoma: Relation to Tumor Growth and IGF1 Signaling." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447158097.
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Cole, Haydn Jon. "The survival and mechanisms of inactivation of Salmonella organisms during drying in relation to food safety." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424276.
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Sabbatini, Mario Ricardo. "Submerged plant survival strategies in relation to disturbance and stress in artificial channels of Britain and Argentina." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309390.
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Songa, Wilson A. "Variation and survival of Macrophomina phaseolina in relation to screening common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for resistance." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283673.
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Knapik, Randall T. "Survival and Covey Density of Northern Bobwhites in Relation to Habitat Characteristics and Usable Space in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430738814.
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Hindiyeh, Muna Yacoub. "Enumeration and survival studies on Helminth eggs in relation to treatment of anaerobic and aerobic sludges in Jordan." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/916.
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This research involved survey, laboratory and field studies. First, an evaluation of the present status of intestinal parasitic infections was made in the Jordanian population. Second, laboratory investigations were conducted on the development of a new technique to detect the viability of Ascaris eggs. Third, field studies were carried out to investigate the survival and occurrence of indigenous parasite eggs and indicator pathogens in domestic waste sludges in Jordan. Field investigations were also conducted on the effect of open natural drying beds on the inactivation of parasite eggs and bacterial pathogens. The results of this study and a survey of available literature indicated a need for a universally accepted definition of a "viable" Ascaris egg. A staining technique for detecting Ascaris egg viability was developed in conjunction with research studies of Ascaris eggs in sludge. The vital stain Crystal violet showed high correlation with the incubation method, and was more precise than the other stains tested. Crystal violet showed the best spontaneous detection of changes in egg viability and, within certain limits, it was found to be a strong indicator of the state of egg viability; furthermore it did not show any evidence of toxicity. In the staining method, Crystal violet stain is added directly to an egg preparation and observations are then made immediately using a light microscope. The results are available in only 10 minutes, compared to the 30 days required for the Incubation method. Since only stained or unstained eggs were observed, the method is less subjective than the Incubation method. In order to evaluate the versatility of the staining method, the effect of UV light and temperature was also investigated. The ultimate disposal of domestic wastewater treatment plant sludges has been recognised recently as a problem in Jordan, and has never previously been investigated from the point of view of pathogen survival and transmission. This study showed that a huge volume of sludge (36,600 m3 dry weight basis) accumulated from 1985-1993 in six anaerobic ponds, now requires desludging, treatment and disposal. Anaerobic pond sludges displayed some physico-chemical similarities to digested primary sludge. This research concludes that sludge drying beds can be an effective method for inactivating parasite eggs, particularly in warmer geographic locations, and thus the treated sludge can be considered safe in terms of parasite transmission for application to agricultural land. Ascaris eggs had degenerated when the percentage of total solids was recorded as more than 88%; this took a shorter time in sand than in gravel drying beds. The inactivation of Ascaris eggs in drying beds is probably due to more factors than desiccation alone. Temperature, oxygen content, solar radiation, exposure time, mould activity, type of sludge, type of media etc., may also affect survival of the eggs. Anaerobic pond sludge bacterial counts showed higher resistance to desiccation and treatment conditions in drying beds compared with oxidation ditch sludge.
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Jardim, Fabrine Aguilar. "Preocupações e incertezas de sobreviventes ao câncer na infância e na adolescência relativas à fertilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-09012017-152357/.
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Após a conclusão do tratamento, os sobreviventes ao câncer estão suscetíveis a diversos sintomas, referidos muitas vezes como efeitos a longo prazo e/ou tardios. Dentre os efeitos tardios, encontra-se a infertilidade, que, nos sobreviventes mais jovens, poderá afetar a sua qualidade de vida. Esta pesquisa objetivou conhecer as preocupações e incertezas de adolescentes e adultos jovens sobreviventes ao câncer infantojuvenil no que diz respeito à fertilidade. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva e exploratória, com análise qualitativa de dados. Participaram 24 adolescentes e adultos jovens, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, sobreviventes ao câncer na infância e adolescência, em acompanhamento em ambulatório de um hospital-escola do interior paulista. Utilizamos a entrevista como técnica de coleta de dados, e a sua análise ocorreu de acordo com os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo do tipo temática indutiva. Os dados empíricos embasaram a construção de duas unidades de sentido: \"Sobrevivendo ao câncer\", relacionada aos aspectos biológicos, sociais, subjetivos e afetivos, representativos para os participantes que sobreviveram ao câncer infantojuvenil e vivenciaram o processo de transferência para o Ambulatório de Curados, bem como a convivência com possíveis efeitos tardios do tratamento. Já a segunda, \"Falando da condição reprodutiva\", ilustra os aspectos dos dados empíricos relacionados com a condição reprodutiva dos participantes. Observamos que os sobreviventes convivem com a incerteza de poderem ou não ter filhos. Para os sobreviventes, os riscos de infertilidade são muitas vezes deixados à deriva em comparação ao urgente desejo de sobreviver ao câncer, enfatizando a autopercepção de que o mais importante é estar vivo. A partir dos resultados desta pesquisa, esperamos fornecer subsídios para a produção de cuidados em saúde que atendam às reais necessidades desta clientela que tem demandas de acompanhamento de longo prazoAfter the end of treatment, the survivors of cancer are susceptible to a variety of symptoms, often referred to as long-term and / or late effects. Among the late effects is infertility, which, in younger survivors, may affect your quality of life. This research aimed to know the concerns and uncertainties of adolescents and young adults survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence related to fertility. This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with qualitative data analysis. The participants were 24 adolescents and young adults, aged between 18 and 24, survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence, followed up at a University Hospital ambulatory in the state of São Paulo. Interviews were used as data collection technique and its analysis was conducted in the perspective of the inductive thematic Content Analysis. As a complement, after the interview, the participants\' health records were used as a source of information on peculiarities of the therapeutic protocol. The empirical data supported the construction of two meaning units: \"Surviving cancer\" related to biological, social, subjective and emotional aspects, representatives for those participants who survived cancer during childhood and adolescence and experienced the process of moving to the Healed Clinic, and also related to the experience with possible late treatment effects. The second meaning unit, \"Speaking of the reproductive condition,\" illustrates empirical data aspects related to the participants\' reproductive condition. It was observed that the survivors live with the uncertainty of whether or not to be able to have children. For them, the infertility risks are often placed in the background due to the urgent desire to survive cancer, emphasizing the self-perception that the most important is to be alive. From the results of this research it is expected to provide subsidies for production of health care that could meet the real needs of this clientele that has long-term health follow-up demands
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Niksic, Maja. "Public cancer awareness and cancer survival in England : recognition of cancer symptoms and perception of barriers to seeking medical help in relation to breast, lung and bowel cancer survival in England." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/public-cancer-awareness-and-cancer-survival-in-england(d8715922-6635-4840-8c4f-66c26adbf0c2).html.
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Rondahl, Emma, and Anna Hagberg. "När hjärtat stannar, en andra chans : Patienter och närståendes upplevelse av ett hjärtstopp." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-367168.
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Bakgrund: Antalet patienter som drabbas av ett hjärtstopp och överlever ökar varje år. I och med detta är även närstående en ökande grupp. Det finns ett behov av att undersöka hur patienter och deras närstående upplever ett hjärtstopp. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur patient och närstående upplever ett hjärtstopp samt om det fanns något i eftervården som patienterna saknade. Metod: En litteraturstudie har gjorts med 12 kvalitativa originalartiklar varav sju var från patientperspektiv, fyra från ett närståendeperspektiv och en från bådas perspektiv. De kvalitetsgranskades och en resultatanalys gjordes med en kvalitativ metod. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades utifrån fyra kategorier och åtta subkategorier. Resultatet visade att patienter och närstående upplevde ångest och oro, men även tacksamhet och glädje efter hjärtstoppet. Vikten av information och stöd från sjukvård samt att få stöd och samtal av närstående och vänner var viktigt för både patienter och närstående. Patienter och närstående upplevde båda att livet förändrats men att de hade en längtan att återgå till livet innan hjärtstoppet. Patienterna upplevde skuld över vad de utsatt sina närstående för och närstående kände att de åsidosatte sig själva. Patienterna upplevde kroppsliga förändringar, fysiska såväl som psykiska. Slutsats: Patient och närstående upplevde oro och ångest samt glädje och hopp efter hjärtstoppet. Både patient och närstående upplevde liknande känslor, därav är det viktigt att följa upp båda parter i eftervården. Det behövs mer forskning inom området hur patient och närstående upplever ett hjärtstopp.Background: The number of patients suffering from a cardiac arrest and survives increases every year. With this, relatives are also an increasing group. There is a need to investigate how patients and their relatives experience a cardiac arrest. Aim: The purpose was to investigate how patients and relatives experienced a cardiac arrest and whether there was something in the aftercare that the patients lacked. Method: A literature study has been made with 12 qualitative original articles, seven of which were from a patient perspective, four from a relative’s perspective and one from a perspective of both. Quality assurance and a performance analysis were made using a qualitative method. Result: The result was presented in four categories and eight subcategories. The results showed that patients and relatives experienced worry and anxiety, but also gratefulness and joy after the cardiac arrest. Patients and relatives experienced the importance of information and support from healthcare as well as receiving support from relatives and friends. Both experienced that life changed but that they had a desire to return to the life before the cardiac arrest. Patients felt guilty of what they put their relatives through and relatives felt they set aside themselves. The patients experienced bodily changes, both physical and mental. Conclusion: Patients and close relatives experienced worry and anxiety as well as joy and hope after the cardiac arrest. Both patient and related experienced similar emotions, so it is important to follow up on both parties in aftercare. More research in the area of how patients and relatives are experiencing a cardiac arrest is needed.
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Basson, Nicolaas Cornelius Johannes. "The survival of Heliothis Armiger (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs on cotton plants in relation to simulated rain and overhead irrigation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002048.
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Crop pests are known to be adversely affected by rain. Because limited information on this aspect was available for Heliothis spp. occurring on cotton, this study was undertaken to examine the effect of water droplets from overhead irrigation and simulated rain on the survival of H. armiger eggs on cotton. Three aspects were examined: the effects of submersion, the physical impact of droplets on the eggs and the washing off of the eggs from cotton plants in the field. The first two aspects were examined in terms of the structure and respiratory system of the eggs, confirming that H. armiger eggs are able to survive initial wetting in the field. The wash-off of H. armiger eggs from cotton plants is explained in the light of the selection of oviposition sites by the moths, adhesion of the eggs to the plant parts and the dislodging and wash-off by water from simulated rain and overhead irrigation. The data are discussed in terms of the other mortality factors which occur in commercial cotton fields. All in all, it was found that while overhead irrigation should be taken into account in surveys of H. armiger for pest management purposes, it does not offer a viable control strategy and should not be investigated further
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Tracey, Noel Patrick. "Corporate reputation and financial performance : underlying dimensions of corporate reputation and their relation to sustained financial performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/67787/1/Noel_Tracey_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the relationship between firms' corporate reputation and their future financial performance. Corporate reputation was represented by measuring the level of senior executives' attention to a number of intangible firm' resources (e.g. financial reputation, service culture) within firms' annual reports over a 17 year period. Initial findings suggested there was only a small relationship between reputation and future performance which lead to a reformulation of the problem. Reputation was posited to be a source of corporate resilience that helped firms with stronger reputations to sustain superior financial performance in times of difficulty, as well as allowing them to rebound more quickly from performance decline. Results suggest this interpretation of corporate reputation as well as indicating that industry sectors operate in different reputational 'domains' in which the relative importance of financial versus stakeholder aspects of corporate reputation varies.
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Rabe, Jessica. "The behaviour, growth, and survival of witch flounder and yellowtail flounder larvae in relation to prey availability (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, Pleuronectes ferrugineus)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47471.pdf.
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McKinnon, Elaine E. "Relation of family characteristics and survivor characteristics to outcome after acquired brain injury in adolescents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0022/NQ39290.pdf.
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Munro, Sioban Lucille. "Seedling growth and survival, in relation to seed size and phosphorus content, of six Fynbos Proteaceae species deprived of single mineral nutrients." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26312.
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Mainio, A. (Arja). "Depressive and anxious symptomatology in relation to a primary brain tumor:prospective study of neurosurgical patients in Northern Finland." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514277163.
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Abstract
The findings on depression and anxiety among brain tumor patients have so far been based on case series and case samples. In Finland, psychiatric research in relation to psychiatric symptoms among patients with different types of brain tumors is lacking.
The study population of this thesis consisted of 101 patients (39 males and 62 females) aged between 20 and 82 years with a solitary primary brain tumor treated surgically at the Oulu Clinic for Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital between February 1990 and March 1992. The major histological subgroup consisted of gliomas (40%), and the rest were meningiomas (33%), acoustic neurinomas (13%), pituitary adenomas (8%) and other types (6%).
The psychiatric symptoms of the patients were assessed at three time points, namely before tumor operation as well as at three months and at one year after operation by two valid measurement instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Crown Crisp Experiential Index. In addition, the patients' functional state was evaluated by the Karnofsky Performance Scale and their quality of life according to Sintonen 15 D.
Prevalence of at least mild depression before tumor operation was 30% for males and 38% for females. The mean depressive scores decreased significantly for up to one-year during follow-up for both males and females, but they remained notably high in all patients. Decreased functional status (KPS under 70) in the patients was significantly associated with high depressive scores at all measurement points. The decrease in the mean depressive scores was significant among patients with an anterior tumor and those with a pituitary adenoma.
Five-year survival of the brain tumor patients was found to be mainly associated with the histology of the tumor. Survival time in months (SD) of the patients with high-grade (III–IV) gliomas was shown to be 22.5 (21.4), while it was 50.2 (19.9) for the patients with low-grade (I–II) gliomas, and 58.2 (9.4) for the rest of the patients. Depression among low-grade glioma patients was significantly associated with worse survival at five years follow-up.
The level of anxiety was shown to be significantly higher among patients with a primary brain tumor in the right hemisphere compared to the anxiety scores among patients with left hemispheric tumors. A significant increase was found in the level of obsessionality over time in the female patients with a brain tumor in the left anterior location of the brain at three months after operation.
The level of quality of life (QOL) was significantly worse among female brain tumor patients compared to males. Depressive females had significantly lower quality of life compared to that of non-depressive females up to one-year follow-up after surgical operation of the tumor.
Depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms have to be recognized and be treated by psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy as soon as possible at every unit where brain tumor patients are followed and encountered.
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Sebastião, Maria Ana Segurado dos Santos. "Vida depois da morte: narrativas da experiência de perda de um famliar por suicídio." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20918.
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Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, pretende conhecer e
analisar os significados que as pessoas constroem a partir da experiência de perda,
por suicídio, de um familiar (i.e. sobrevivente-familiar). Procura também perceber se os
significados diferem entre pessoas com diferentes níveis de sintomatologia
psicopatológica. Foram entrevistados oito adultos que perderam familiares por
suicídio, há mais de 1 ano e há menos de 10 anos, recrutados por procedimentos de
amostragem por conveniência. Para estes sobreviventes, o suicídio do familiar inserese
no campo semântico do drama, existindo uma tendência dos indivíduos com maior
sintomatologia para a construção de significados autorreferentes de ineficácia. Estes
resultados podem constituir-se como indicadores discursivos de risco psicopatológico.
Surge também como uma implicação deste estudo a importância de se intervir na
redução do estigma social e na promoção de acesso a serviços de apoio psicológico
capazes de auxiliar os sobreviventes na construção de significados adaptativos; Abstract:
Life after death: Narratives of a family member loss experience by suicide
This qualitative and exploratory study aims to know and analyze the meanings
that people construct from the loss experience of a family member, by suicide (i.e.
relative-survivor). It also intends to understand if meanings differ between people with
distinct psychopathological symptomatology levels. Eight adults who had lost relatives
by suicide, for longer than 1 year and less than 10 years, were recruited through
convenience sampling procedures. For these survivors, the relative suicide inserts into
the semantic field of drama, exhisting a tendency of individuals with greater
symptomatology to construct meanings self refering of inefficacy. These results may
constitute discursive indicators of psychopathological risk. It also arises as an
implication of this study a dimension of intervening in reducing social stigma and
promoting access to psychological support services who can assist survivors in
constructing adaptive meanings.
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Jacob, Valérie. "Relation entre le burnout et les sentiments de culpabilité et d'agressivité vécus chez des victimes du "syndrome du survivant" /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2227361R.html.
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Jacob, Valérie. "Relation entre le burnout et les sentiments de culpabilité et d'agressivité vécus chez des victimes du "syndrome du survivant"." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3074/1/000679843.pdf.
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Okafor, Bernard E. "The Relation between Demographic Factors and Attitudes about Seeking Professional Counseling among Adult Nigerians Living in the United States." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1258571590.
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Pointreau, Yoann. "Etude des sources de variabilité de l'efficacité et des effets indésirables du cetuximab chez les patients traités pour un carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3311/document.
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Le cetuximab (CTX) est un anticorps monoclonal anti-EGFR indiqué dans les cancers ORL dont les modalités de prescription pourraient être améliorées. Après chimiothérapie d’induction (étude Tremplin), en comparaison au cisplatine, il était moins toxique mais sans améliorer la préservation laryngée. À la première injection, le CTX peut déclencher un choc anaphylactique lié à la préexistence d’IgE anti-αGal. Des tests prédictifs détectant ces IgE ont été développés et réalisés chez 41 patients avec une sensibilité et une valeur prédictive négative de 100%. La relation entre concentrations sériques et efficacité/toxicité a été étudiée chez 34 patients. La pharmacocinétique a été décrite à l’aide d’un modèle combinant des mécanismes d’élimination non saturable (CL) et saturable (k0). La clairance globale du CTX, reflet de l’exposition des patients, était reliée aux survies sans progression et globale (SG). Le grade de radiodermite était associé à la SG. Une simulation pharmacocinétique suggère, qu’en comparaison à l’injection standard de CTX, une injection toutes les trois semaines entrainera des AUC proches mais des concentrations résiduelles différentesCetuximab (CTX) is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody approved in head and neck cancer, which prescription modalities may be improved. After induction chemotherapy (Tremplin study), compared to cisplatin, CTX was less toxic but did not improve larynx preservation. During first infusion, CTX can induce an anaphylaxis reaction due to the presence of preexisting anti-αGal IgE. Predictive assays detecting these IgE were developed and tested in 41 patients, with sensitivity and negative predictive values of 100%. Relationship between serum concentrations and efficacy/toxicity was studied in 34 patients. CTX pharmacokinetics was described using a model combining non-saturable (CL) and saturable (k0) eliminations. Global clearance, which reflects patient exposure, was related to progression free and overall (OS) survivals. Severe radiation dermatitis was also associated with OS. A pharmacokinetic simulation suggests that, in comparison to standard CTX infusion, an infusion every three weeks will lead to similar AUC but to different residual concentrations
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Harmange, Clément. "Survivre en agrosystème céréalier - le défi de la Perdrix grise : sélection d’habitat, compétition interspécifique et traits individuels Changes in habitat selection patterns of the grey partridge Perdix perdix in relation to agricultural landscape dynamics over the past two decades." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0022.
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La sélection de l’habitat est définie comme un processus comportemental en réponse à des stimuli environnementaux tels que la disponibilité en ressources (alimentation, refuges)et la présence de menaces (compétiteurs, prédateurs). La compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents est essentielle en écologie et permet d’identifier et d’appréhender les facteurs limitant les populations. L’enjeu de cette thèse était d’identifier les facteurs limitants (paysages, pratiques cynégétiques) et la réponse des populations de Perdrix grise (Perdix perdix) soumises à gestion cynégétique (apports annuels d’oiseaux d’élevage, sans arrêt de la chasse). Les patrons de sélection d’habitat ont varié vers un évitement moins prononcé des habitats associés à un fort risque de prédation, dans le même temps que la qualité d’habitat a diminué et que la prévalence d’oiseaux d’élevage a probablement augmenté dans la population. La compétition interspécifique avec la Perdrix rouge affecte également la sélection de l’habitat de la Perdrix grise. Certains individus démontrent une capacité d’ajustement comportemental (rythme d’activité,sélection de l’habitat, de l’espace) à la structuration du risque au cours du cycle circadien, possiblement influencée par des déterminants individuels (personnalité, état sanitaire). La qualité d’habitat, les pressions de prédation et de chasse sont des facteurs structurants des populations. Une gestion cynégétique basée sur l’apport d’oiseaux naïfs et d’espèces compétitrices, un dérangement lié à la chasse en phase post-lâcher et une non-évaluation préalable de la qualité de l’habitat, rendent le maintien des populations de Perdrix grise sur un territoire très incertainHabitat selection is a behavioural process in response to environmental stimuli as resource availability (food, shelter) and threats(competitors, predators). The understanding of the underlying mechanisms is crucial in ecology and allow to identify and consider factors limiting populations. The stake of this PhD thesis was to identify limiting factors (landscapes, game practices) and reponses of grey partridge (Perdix perdix) populations under mixed game management (annual releases of captive-reared birds, without shooting suspension). Habitat selection patterns have changed towards a lower avoidance of risky habitats, while habitat suitability has decreased and the proportion of captive-reared birds in the population has likely increased. Interspecific competition with red-legged partridge also affected habitat selection in grey partridge. Some individuals showed a behavioural capacity to adjust (in terms of rhythms of activity, habitat selection, space use) to the spatiotemporal structuration of risk along the diel cycle, potentially influenced by individual traits (personality, health status). Habitat suitability, predation and hunting pressures were identified as structuring factors of grey partridge populations. A game management based on releases of naïve birds and competing species, disturbances induced by shooting during the post-release period, and no preliminary assessement of habitat quality, could locally imperil the maintenance of grey partridge populations
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Forsberg, Anette. "Kamp för bygden : En etnologisk studie av lokalt utvecklingsarbete." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35318.
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When collective action for community is defined as local development or as a struggle for survival different understandings are in focus. Politically, this kind of community action is defined as local development and understood in terms of growth and economics. An economic approach to community action is also emphasised in the EU-programmes that support local development groups and projects. On the other hand local groups describe their activities as a struggle for community and community survival. Inspired by feministic research approaches and with an interest in human aspects and values this study investigates meanings of community action as experienced and expressed by rural inhabitants and activists. The study is based on fieldwork that was carried out in a small rural community in the northern inlands of Sweden: Trehörningsjö. Since the middle of the 1990s, the women in Trehörningsjö have driven collective action to uphold the community. With its point of departure in the community and expanding into the arenas of reserach and politics, the study takes on the form of a reflexive research process in which the researcher's former knowledge and new understandings are made visible and discussed parallel with the interpretations made. The main focus of the study is the activist's demand of voice, visibility and worth. The first chapter presents the local community and provides a background to the study. The chapter includes an account of the reflexive approach that widened the field of research from a local to a translocal study of community action. In chapters two, three, four and five the struggle for community is reflected through fieldwork experiences in Trehörningsjö and other arenas beyond the village. Situated events and instances of collective action such as the fight for the local health care centre, are analysed as symbolic expressions of community values and rural importance. From chapter two and onwards, the study follows the footsteps of the leading female activist in and beyond the community itself; that is, the day-to-day work, meetings, conferences and other places where community action is acted out. The struggle for community is proven to focus on translocal rather than local action. In chapter six the fieldwork experiences - that tell about resistance and a struggle for community values and perspectives - are placed in the wider context of the rural development movement, local development research and governmental rural policy in Sweden. On all these arenas community action tend to be interpreted as local development in line with a growth perspective, rather than as community protests and struggles that expresses other meanings. Chapter seven takes the analyses and discussion further, and relates community struggle to concepts such as civil society and social economy. Anthony Giddens concept of life politics and Alberto Meluccis concept of collective action are used to deepen the analysis on how humane meanings and relation based aspects of community action are made invisible on the political "growht and development" agenda. Community struggle presents a possibility for rural inhabitants to (re)define and reclaim their community and themselves as important and valuable. However, to be able to understand what the concept of community struggle expresses, and demands, it needs to be acknowledged as a form of action that has the potential to challenge established bureaucratic and political defintions, which, in practice, proves to be difficult.