Relevant bibliographies by topics / RelAtive SpecTral processing

Academic literature on the topic 'RelAtive SpecTral processing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "RelAtive SpecTral processing"

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Mead, James B. "Comparison of Meteorological Radar Signal Detectability with Noncoherent and Spectral-Based Processing." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 4 (April 2016): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-14-00198.1.

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AbstractDetection of meteorological radar signals is often carried out using power averaging with noise subtraction either in the time domain or the spectral domain. This paper considers the relative signal processing gain of these two methods, showing a clear advantage for spectral-domain processing when normalized spectral width is less than ~0.1. A simple expression for the optimal discrete Fourier transform (DFT) length to maximize signal processing gain is presented that depends only on the normalized spectral width and the time-domain weighting function. The relative signal processing gain between noncoherent power averaging and spectral processing is found to depend on a variety of parameters, including the radar wavelength, spectral width, available observation time, and the false alarm rate. Expressions presented for the probability of detection for noncoherent and spectral-based processing also depend on these same parameters. Results of this analysis show that DFT-based processing can provide a substantial advantage in signal processing gain and probability of detection, especially when the normalized spectral width is small and when a large number of samples are available. Noncoherent power estimation can provide superior probability of detection when the normalized spectral width is greater than ~0.1, especially when the desired false alarm rate exceeds 10%.
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Minty, Brian R. S. "Multichannel models for the estimation of radon background in airborne gamma‐ray spectrometry." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 6 (November 1998): 1986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444492.

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Adequate background correction is a crucial step in processing airborne gamma‐ray spectrometric data because any errors are amplified during subsequent processing procedures. Two multichannel models for the estimation of atmospheric radon background are proposed. The spectral‐ratio method uses the relative heights of uranium (U) series photopeaks to estimate the contribution of atmospheric radon to observed spectra. The full‐spectrum method estimates the atmospheric radon contribution through the weighted least‐squares fitting of potassium (K), U, thorium (Th), and radon component spectra to the observed spectra. Both the spectral‐ratio and full‐spectrum methods are adequately calibrated through the estimation of component spectra from calibration experiments on the ground using radioactive calibration sources and wood to simulate the attenuation of gamma rays by air. The simulated heights used in these calibrations must be mapped onto real heights through calibration flights over an airborne calibration range. The spectral‐ratio method is also adequately calibrated using a heuristic calibration procedure. An iterative minimization method is used to find the optimum values of the calibration constants such that the radon background over suitable calibration lines is best removed.
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Blahovec, J., and S. Yanniotis. "'GAB' generalised equation as a basis for sorption spectral analysis." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 5 (October 14, 2010): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/146/2009-cjfs.

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The transformed sorption isotherm (represented by the ratio of water activity and moisture content (d.b.) versus water activity) was approximated by polynomials of 2<sup>nd</sup>&ndash;<sup>6th</sup> order. It is shown that the relative derivative of the transformed equation expresses the deviation of the sorption isotherm from the linear relationship between the moisture content and water activity either to the sorption isotherm of the Lagmuir's type (the positive relative derivative) or to the sorption isotherm of the solution type (the negative relative derivative). The relative derivative plotted versus water activity then serves as a spectral indicator of the prevailing sorption mechanism. Spectral analysis is applied to sorption isotherms of potato and wheat starches and some fruits and vegetables. For starches, the differences in the spectral indicator between resorption and desorption as well as the effect of starch processing (gelatinisation and hydrolysis) on spectral analysis are discussed. The role of spectral analysis in the assessment of the prevailing sorption mechanism (surface vs solution sorption) is demonstrated for fruits and vegetables.
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Jödicke, Katrin, Robin Zirkler, Timo Eckhard, Werner Hofacker, and Bernd Jödicke. "High End Quality Measuring in Mango Drying through Multi-Spectral Imaging Systems." ChemEngineering 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4010008.

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In modern fruit processing technology, non-destructive quality measuring techniques are sought for determining and controlling changes in the optical, structural, and chemical properties of the products. In this context, changes inside the product can be measured during processing. Especially for industrial use, fast, precise, but robust methods are particularly important to obtain high-quality products. In this work, a newly developed multi-spectral imaging system was implemented and adapted for drying processes. Further it was investigated if the system could be used to link changes in the surface spectral reflectance during mango drying with changes in moisture content and contents of chemical components. This was achieved by recovering the spectral reflectance from multi-spectral image data and comparing the spectral changes with changes of the total soluble solids (TSS), pH-value and the relative moisture content xwb of the products. In a first step, the camera was modified to be used in drying, then the changes in the spectra and quality criteria during mango drying were measured. For this, mango slices were dried at air temperatures of 40–80 °C and relative air humidities of 5%–30%. Samples were analyzed and pictures were taken with the multi-spectral imaging system. The quality criteria were then predicted from spectral data. It could be shown that the newly developed multi-spectral imaging system can be used for quality control in fruit drying. There are strong indications as well, that it can be employed for the prediction of chemical quality criteria of mangoes during drying. This way, quality changes can be monitored inline during the process using only one single measuring device.
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Dong, Chun Hong, Jun Li, Ying Fan Liu, Shao Wei Zhao, and Guo Qing Wang. "Dependent Component Analysis and its Applications for Estimation of Source Ultraviolet Spectral Profiles and Characterization of Processing Batch for Preparation of Radix scutellariae." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.30.

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Dependent component analysis (DCA), which is an extension of independent component analysis (ICA) for blind source separation (BSS) and requires no assumption on the distributions of the sources, was used to directly estimate source spectral profiles from ultraviolet spectra (UV) of mixtures. By simply assuming that the sources are dependent only through their variances and have temporal correlations, variance DCA was established. The efficiency of DCA for estimation of source UV spectral profiles was qualified by synthetic mixed UV data. It was shown that the estimation efficiency of DCA is better than that of FastICA when the sources are seriously overlapped. Then the DCA was used to directly estimate source spectral profiles from UV data that were measured at different steaming periods during the processing procedure batch for preparation of radix scutellariae. The estimated dependent components (DCs) and their variations of relative concentrations were used to characterize the processing batch. The results show that the estimated DCs are corresponding to sterol and flavonoid compounds, respectively. By inspection of the change trends of the estimated DCs, the endpoint of the processing batch was determined as 55 min, which is more accurate than that it should be located in 30~60 min by traditional sensory analysis. DCA provides an alternative approach for estimation of source spectral profiles from the overlapped spectral signals, and UV-DCA can be used as a novel way for characterization of the traditional Chinese medicines processing procedure.
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Omberg, Kristin M., Jill C. Osborn, Shuliang L. Zhang, James P. Freyer, Judith R. Mourant, and Jon R. Schoonover. "Raman Spectroscopy and Factor Analysis of Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Cells." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 7 (July 2002): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760171464.

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Raman spectra, measured for viable suspensions of M1 and MR1 cells, demonstrate spectral differences correlating with an increased protein and phospholipid content relative to DNA in the MR1 cells. The M1 and MR1 cell lines consist of rat fibroblast cells that have been transfected with a gene causing immortality, and the MR1 line has been further transfected with a gene causing tumor formation. The cell suspensions were prepared from monolayer cultures in the same phase of growth and remained viable throughout the experiment. The Raman data have been further examined by principal factor analysis with two approaches, (1) a constrained analysis to provide a relative contribution to the Raman data from cellular components, and (2) analysis of differences in the raw data files of the two cell lines. Utilizing the constrained principal factor analysis for the two cell lines analyzed separately provides a measure of the relative contribution of protein, lipid, DNA, RNA, and buffer to the cell Raman spectra. Factor analysis of M1 and MR1 Raman spectra analyzed together demonstrates that the two cell lines can be differentiated by Raman spectroscopy with no prior spectral processing.
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Hamilton, Victoria E., Christopher W. Haberle, and Thomas G. Mayerhöfer. "Effects of small crystallite size on the thermal infrared (vibrational) spectra of minerals." American Mineralogist 105, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7602.

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Abstract The thermal infrared (TIR, or vibrational) emission spectra of a suite of synthetic Mg-Fe olivines exhibit notable differences from their natural igneous counterparts in terms of their band shapes, relative depths, and reduced shifts in some band positions with Mg-Fe solid solution. Comparable reflectance spectra acquired from olivine-dominated matrices and fusion crusts of some carbonaceous chondrite meteorites exhibit similar deviations. Here we show that these unusual spectral characteristics are consistent with crystallite sizes much smaller than the resolution limit of infrared light. We hypothesize that these small crystallites denote abbreviated crystal growth and also may be linked to the size of nucleation sites. Other silicates and non-silicates, such as carbonates, exhibit similar spectral behaviors. Because the spectra of mineral separates are commonly used in the modeling and analysis of comparable bulk rock, meteorite, and remote sensing data, understanding these spectral variations is important to correctly identifying the minerals and interpreting the origin and/or secondary processing histories of natural materials.
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Chiba, Toru, Yoshimi Obara, Masaharu Murata, and Tomohiko Akahoshi. "Advanced multispectral image-processing endoscopy system for visualizing two-dimensional hemoglobin saturation and relative hemoglobin concentration." Endoscopy International Open 07, no. 11 (October 22, 2019): E1442—E1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0990-9189.

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Abstract Background and study aims The association of tumor hypoxia and vascularization with malignant progression is recognized, and detection by measuring tissue hemoglobin (Hb) saturation and concentration has attracted attention. In this study, we designed a simple algorithm and multispectral image-processing endoscopy system to map relative Hb concentration and Hb saturation for detection of tumors in small animal viscera in vivo. Materials and methods We designed and validated an optical filter-equipped endoscope system for two-dimensional visualization of Hb concentration and saturation maps and used it in a real-time video examination. A simplified method based on spectral data capture and analysis of defuse reflection of mucosa, including image capture and data processing of the spectral features of Hb oxygenation, was developed. Results An Hb saturation calibration curve was obtained. Then, differences in oxygenation levels between normal mucosa and in vivo tumors in a small animal model were determined by using the new method and endoscope system. Conclusions A multispectral image-processing endoscopic system with a mapping frame rate comparable to that of white light imaging systems (7.5 frames/second) was developed.
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Jiang, Eric Y., William J. McCarthy, David L. Drapcho, and Richard A. Crocombe. "Generalized Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectral Depth-Profiling Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 11 (November 1997): 1736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971939442.

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This paper reports the first application of a generalized two-dimensional (G2D) correlation method in photoacoustic spectral depth-profiling analysis of laminate/heterogeneous samples. In this method, photoacoustic magnitude spectra at different modulation frequencies are used to generate two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectra. The relative spatial origins of correlated signals are then determined from the signs of the corresponding contours. The unique features and advantages of this technique over previously reported depth-profiling methods are demonstrated and discussed. These include simplification of step-scan photoacoustic phase-modulation experiments as well as 2D correlation-analysis rules, avoidance of phase-related negative-band ambiguities, and enhancement of both spectral and depth resolutions, etc. The recently developed software-based digital signal-processing (DSP) technique for step-scan photoacoustic measurements offers an efficient means (sampling-depth multiplexing advantage) to collect within a single scan all necessary data for this type of 2D correlation analysis. Index Headings: Photoacoustic; PAS; Two-dimensional; Step-scan; FT-IR; Depth profiling; Polymer films; DSP.
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Bauer, Jacob Renzo, Arnoud A. Bruins, Jon Yngve Hardeberg, and Rudolf M. Verdaasdonk. "A Spectral Filter Array Camera for Clinical Monitoring and Diagnosis: Proof of Concept for Skin Oxygenation Imaging." Journal of Imaging 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5080066.

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The emerging technology of spectral filter array (SFA) cameras has great potential for clinical applications, due to its unique capability for real time spectral imaging, at a reasonable cost. This makes such cameras particularly suitable for quantification of dynamic processes such as skin oxygenation. Skin oxygenation measurements are useful for burn wound healing assessment and as an indicator of patient complications in the operating room. Due to their unique design, in which all pixels of the image sensor are equipped with different optical filters, SFA cameras require specific image processing steps to obtain meaningful high quality spectral image data. These steps include spatial rearrangement, SFA interpolations and spectral correction. In this paper the feasibility of a commercially available SFA camera for clinical applications is tested. A suitable general image processing pipeline is proposed. As a ’proof of concept’ a complete system for spatial dynamic skin oxygenation measurements is developed and evaluated. In a study including 58 volunteers, oxygenation changes during upper arm occlusion were measured with the proposed SFA system and compared with a validated clinical device for localized oxygenation measurements. The comparison of the clinical standard measurements and SFA results show a good correlation for the relative oxygenation changes. This proposed processing pipeline for SFA cameras shows to be effective for relative oxygenation change imaging. It can be implemented in real time and developed further for absolute spatial oxygenation measurements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "RelAtive SpecTral processing"

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Key, Thomas Lee. "An evaluation of the relative value of spectral and phenological information for tree crown classification of digital images in the eastern deciduous forest /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=107.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1998.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 51 p. : col. ill., col. map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34).
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Neville, Katrina Lee, and katrina neville@rmit edu au. "Channel Compensation for Speaker Recognition Systems." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080514.093453.

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This thesis attempts to address the problem of how best to remedy different types of channel distortions on speech when that speech is to be used in automatic speaker recognition and verification systems. Automatic speaker recognition is when a person's voice is analysed by a machine and the person's identity is worked out by the comparison of speech features to a known set of speech features. Automatic speaker verification is when a person claims an identity and the machine determines if that claimed identity is correct or whether that person is an impostor. Channel distortion occurs whenever information is sent electronically through any type of channel whether that channel is a basic wired telephone channel or a wireless channel. The types of distortion that can corrupt the information include time-variant or time-invariant filtering of the information or the addition of 'thermal noise' to the information, both of these types of distortion can cause varying degrees of error in information being received and analysed. The experiments presented in this thesis investigate the effects of channel distortion on the average speaker recognition rates and testing the effectiveness of various channel compensation algorithms designed to mitigate the effects of channel distortion. The speaker recognition system was represented by a basic recognition algorithm consisting of: speech analysis, extraction of feature vectors in the form of the Mel-Cepstral Coefficients, and a classification part based on the minimum distance rule. Two types of channel distortion were investigated: • Convolutional (or lowpass filtering) effects • Addition of white Gaussian noise Three different methods of channel compensation were tested: • Cepstral Mean Subtraction (CMS) • RelAtive SpecTrAl (RASTA) Processing • Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) The results from the experiments showed that for both CMS and RASTA processing that filtering at low cutoff frequencies, (3 or 4 kHz), produced improvements in the average speaker recognition rates compared to speech with no compensation. The levels of improvement due to RASTA processing were higher than the levels achieved due to the CMS method. Neither the CMS or RASTA methods were able to improve accuracy of the speaker recognition system for cutoff frequencies of 5 kHz, 6 kHz or 7 kHz. In the case of noisy speech all methods analysed were able to compensate for high SNR of 40 dB and 30 dB and only RASTA processing was able to compensate and improve the average recognition rate for speech corrupted with a high level of noise (SNR of 20 dB and 10 dB).
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Machado, Ana Sofia Monteiro. "Extreme sensory processing patterns and relation with autistic and alexithymic traits among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder - an exploratory study." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130754.

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Machado, Ana Sofia Monteiro. "Extreme sensory processing patterns and relation with autistic and alexithymic traits among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder - an exploratory study." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130754.

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Books on the topic "RelAtive SpecTral processing"

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South, Mikle, John D. Herrington, and Sarah J. Paterson. Neuroimaging in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199744312.003.0003.

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This chapter reviews several major themes in the neuroimaging of ASDs to date (see summary of representative themes in Table 3.1), including substantial and essential contributions from the modular framework. The chapter begins, however, with a discussion of several challenges related to the diversity of ASDs in terms of factors such as age, level of functioning, and symptom presentation. Progress in the ability to identify more homogenous subgroups, based on targeted phenotypic measures, opens the door to link neuroimaging with genetics findings and also with treatment outcome data. This should lead to better understanding of both the causes of ASDs and the best approaches to intervention. The chapter is divided according to two broad, related themes related to social information processing and cognitive factors in ASDs. Within these themes, the chapter considers evidence from both structural and functional imaging studies as well as relatively newer approaches to connectivity, including diffusion tensor imaging. The primary focus of this chapter is on research utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Although several early neuroimaging studies utilized positron emission tomography scanning, these studies are rare now and are not addressed in depth. New techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy suggest tremendous promise for noninvasive imaging of expanded age groups and severity levels of ASDs; however, these studies are also few in number and are touched on only briefly.
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Berber, Stevan. Discrete Communication Systems. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860792.001.0001.

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The book present essential theory and practice of the discrete communication systems design, based on the theory of discrete time stochastic processes, and their relation to the existing theory of digital communication systems. Using the notion of stochastic linear time invariant systems, in addition to the orhogonality principles, a general structure of the discrete communication system is constructed in terms of mathematical operators. Based on this structure, the MPSK, MFSK, QAM, OFDM and CDMA systems, using discrete modulation methods, are deduced as special cases. The signals are processed in the time and frequency domain, which requires precise derivatives of their amplitude spectral density functions, correlation functions and related energy and pover spectral densities. The book is self-sufficient, because it uses the unified notation both in the main ten chapters explaining communications systems theory and nine supplementary chapters dealing with the continuous and discrete time signal processing for both the deterministic and stochastic signals. In this context, the indexing of vital signals and finctions makes obvious distinction beteween them. Having in mind the controversial nature of the continuous time white Gaussian noise process, a separate chapter is dedicated to the noise discretisation by introducing notions of noise entropy and trauncated Gaussian density function to avoid limitations in applying the Nyquist criterion. The text of the book is acompained by the solutions of problems for all chapters and a set of deign projects with the defined projects’ topics and tasks and offered solutions.
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Book chapters on the topic "RelAtive SpecTral processing"

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Weese, Josh. "Predictive Analytics in Digital Signal Processing." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 223–53. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5063-3.ch010.

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Pitch detection and instrument identification can be achieved with relatively high accuracy when considering monophonic signals in music; however, accurately classifying polyphonic signals in music remains an unsolved research problem. Pitch and instrument classification is a subset of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and automatic music transcription, both having numerous research and real-world applications. Several areas of research are covered in this chapter, including the fast Fourier transform, onset detection, convolution, and filtering. Polyphonic signals with many different voices and frequencies can be exceptionally complex. This chapter presents a new model for representing the spectral structure of polyphonic signals: Uniform MAx Gaussian Envelope (UMAGE). The new spectral envelope precisely approximates the distribution of frequency parts in the spectrum while still being resilient to oscillating rapidly and is able to generalize well without losing the representation of the original spectrum.
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"On the Relation Between Low Density Separation, Spectral Clustering and Graph Cuts." In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19. The MIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7503.003.0133.

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Fadzullah, S. H. Sheikh Md, and Zaleha Mustafa. "Fabrication and Processing of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Composites." In Materials Science and Engineering, 876–93. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch035.

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There is an increasing interest worldwide in the use of Pineapple Leaf Fibers (PALF) as reinforcements in polymer composites, since this type of natural fiber exhibit attractive features such as superior mechanical, physical and thermal properties, thus offer potential uses in a spectrum of applications. PALF contains high cellulose content (between 70-82%) and high crystallinity. However, being hydrophilic, it posed a compatibility issue particularly in a hydrophobic polymeric matrix system. Thus, their shortcoming need to be addressed to ensure good interfacial bonding at the fibers/matrix interphase before their full potential can be harnessed. This chapter summarized some of the important aspects relating to PALF and its reinforced composites, particularly the main characteristics of the fiber, extraction and pre-treatment process of the fibers. Following this, discussions on the available fabrication processes for both short and continuous long PALF reinforced composites are presented.
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Ciulla, Carlo. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Signal-Image Processing Techniques Developed Under the Umbrella of the Unifying Theory." In Improved Signal and Image Interpolation in Biomedical Applications, 1–21. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-202-2.ch001.

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The forthcoming text of this chapter is intended to raise the debate about the content of the book. To fulfill this purpose, is presented in first instance a section that summarizes on how the literature is reviewed throughout the book and also the MRI database employed to validate the unifying theory. Following this presentation, the chapter introduces to the reader the concept behind the basic issue relating to signal-image interpolation, which is the preservation of the signal (image) energy after processing with interpolation. This concept is strictly related to the approximation properties of the interpolation functions and consequently to the interpolation error. This concept is widely accepted in literature and is viewed in this works with a different and innovative perspective. The discussion undertaken in this chapter then introduces the signal-image processing techniques that were developed under the umbrella of the unifying theory. These are: (i) the SRE-based interpolation functions, (ii) the spectral power evolutions, (iii) a three layered artificial neural network with the added capability to generate its internal architecture during the learning process such to adjust to the given pattern classification task.
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Berlin, Charles I. "Role of clinical neurophysiology in hearing disorders and its relation to behavioral audiometric data. The lesson from auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders." In Disorders of Peripheral and Central Auditory Processing, 301–14. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-5310-8.00015-6.

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Lora-Wainwright, Anna. "E-Waste Work: Hierarchies of Value and the Normalization of Pollution in Guiyu." In Resigned Activism. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036320.003.0005.

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The last substantive chapter examines a third case study which differs in important ways from the first two. Unlike Baocun and Qiancun, Guiyu town is a well-known, indeed a notorious environmental health hotspot. Pollution is caused by a vast and complex cottage industry processing electronic waste. Chapter 5 explores how such “e-waste work” became closely embedded within the local community, family and social relations, as domestic and work spaces were inextricably blurred. It disaggregates the black box of “e-waste work” to show how it evolved over time, the great diversity that composes the sector, how the government attempted to regulate particular activities within it and why their efforts were not fully effective. It shows that, as in Baocun and Qiancun, the economic benefits and environmental costs of these activities are unevenly distributed. By describing a range of diverse e-waste workers engaged in a spectrum of more or less polluting work, the chapter illustrates how locals fashion counter-discourses of relative harm to excuse their practices and avoid blame. In these circumstances, as in Baocun, toxicity is naturalised and parameters of health are adjusted to normalise and accept widespread pollution-induced ailments.
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Shamma, Hamed M., Robert F. Dyer, and Marilyn L. Liebrenz-Himes. "Customer Relationship Management in Professional Service Organizations." In Managing Customer Trust, Satisfaction, and Loyalty through Information Communication Technologies, 91–105. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3631-6.ch006.

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications have gained primary attention in large service industry sectors, such as the financial, telecommunications and hotel industries. However, relatively few researchers have studied CRM in the context of Professional Service Organizations (PSOs). PSOs are found across a broad spectrum of service offerings and they share several key aspects. Some of these aspects include the following: PSOs are high in people-processing features, have close contact with customers, and are high in credence attributes. Given this critical reliance on the customer, most PSOs would benefit from implementing a CRM system to facilitate their business and sustain customer relationships. This paper compares marketing practices and client management approaches in PSOs between those utilizing and those not utilizing a CRM system. The building industry is used as a case study. The paper introduces the CRM concept, describing its significance to the building industry and presents the methodology and findings from an exploratory research investigation. It also presents a framework for CRM applications in PSOs and highlights a future research agenda tempered by some limitations of the research study.
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Nanny, Mark A., and Roger A. Minear. "31P FT-NMR of Concentrated Lake Water Samples." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0020.

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The use of phosphorus-31 Fourier Transform nuclear magnetic resonance (31P FT-NMR) spectroscopy for the study of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in fresh water has been recently established by Nanny and Minear. The fact that NMR is an element-specific technique, is nondestructive, and has the ability to differentiate between similar phosphorus compounds makes it invaluable for the identification and characterization of DOP. Such information regarding DOP is required in order to understand aquatic nutrient cycling. The difficulty with using 31P FT-NMR spectroscopy for such studies is the extremely low DOP concentration; usually ranging from < 1 μg P/L in oligotrophic lakes to approximately 100 μg P/L for eutrophic systems. Nanny and Minear raised the DOP concentration into the NMR detection range, which is on the order of milligrams of phosphorus/liter, by concentrating large volumes of lake water with ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Volume concentration factors of several ten thousand fold provided DOP concentrations of up to 60 mg P/L. Other DOP concentration methods such as anion exchange, lanthanum hydroxide precipitation, and lyophilization require severe chemical and/or physical transformations of the sample and/or they need long processing times, all of which increase the risk of DOP hydrolysis. Sample concentration with UF and RO membranes does not require the sample to undergo these major changes and is also a relatively rapid concentration method. In addition to these concentration capabilities, the use of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes permitted fractionation of the DOP samples according to molecular size. Nanny and Minear used three membranes in series with decreasing pore size: 30kDa (kilodaltons), 1 kDa, and RO (95% NaCl rejection) to separate the high-molecular-weight, intermediate-molecular-weight, and low-molecular-weight DOP species. In the intermediate-molecular-weight fraction, Nanny and Minear observed the presence of monoester and diester phosphates. Spectra from ten samples collected over a year typically consisted of a large broad signal in the monoester phosphate region spanning from a chemical shift of 2.00 ppm to −0.50 ppm. The maximum of this signal was usually in the range of 1.00 to 1.50 ppm. This broad signal had a shoulder in the diester phosphate region which sometimes was intense enough to appear as an individual signal.
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Conference papers on the topic "RelAtive SpecTral processing"

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Bchir, Ouiem, and Mohamed Maher Ben Ismail. "Generalized relative evaluation measure for spectral unmixing." In 2014 International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing (ICALIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2014.7009874.

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Zhao, Yunfeng, Chris Elliott, Huiyu Zhou, and Karen Rafferty. "Spectral Illumination Correction: Achieving Relative Color Constancy Under the Spectral Domain." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2018.8642637.

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Shukla, Vishwajeet, and Mayank Singour. "Multimodal Learning for Early Detection of Explosive Sounds using Relative Spectral Distribution." In 2020 Sensor Signal Processing for Defence Conference (SSPD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sspd47486.2020.9272145.

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Tzannes, M. A., and J. P. Noonan. "Minimum relative entropy spectral estimation with uncertainties in the autocorrelation measurements." In [Proceedings] ICASSP 91: 1991 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1991.150151.

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Zhao, Yunfeng, Chris Elliott, Huiyu Zhou, and Karen Rafferty. "Pixel-wise Illumination Correction Algorithms for Relative Color Constancy Under the Spectral Domain." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2018.8642759.

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Chu, Rui Jian, Noel Richard, Faouzi Ghorbel, Christine Fernandez-Maloigne, and Jon Yngve Hardeberg. "A Metrological Framework For Hyperspectral Texture Analysis Using Relative Spectral Difference Occurrence Matrix." In 2019 10th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2019.8921335.

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Hoang, Poul, Zheng-Hua Tan, Jan Mark de Haan, and Jesper Jensen. "Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Power Spectral Densities and Relative Acoustic Transfer Functions for Acoustic Beamforming." In ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414252.

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Li, Xiaofei, Laurent Girin, Radu Horaud, and Sharon Gannot. "Estimation of relative transfer function in the presence of stationary noise based on segmental power spectral density matrix subtraction." In ICASSP 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2015.7177983.

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Chterev, I., N. Rock, H. Ek, T. Smith, B. Emerson, D. R. Noble, E. Mayhew, et al. "Reacting Pressurized Spray Combustor Dynamics: Part 2 — High Speed Planar Measurements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56345.

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This paper describes stereo-PIV, OH-PLIF and fuel-PLIE (planar laser induced emission) measurements in a pressurized, liquid fueled, swirl combustor. Data were obtained at globally fuel lean conditions, combustor pressures of 2–5 bar, and an inlet air temperature of 450 K. The experiments were performed to characterize the flowfield, heat release and fuel spray distribution. Several challenges are associated with OH-PLIF in pressurized, liquid fuel systems at sustained high repetition rates. For example, in addition to the significantly lower pulse energies of high repetition rate systems relative to low repetition rate ones, the ultraviolet laser used to excite OH also causes the fuel to emit, with the brighter liquid fuel signal overlapping the OH fluorescence spectrum. To overcome these challenges, two intensified high-speed cameras were used to maximize signal separation during data collection and perform signal subtraction in post-processing. The first camera used narrow band spectral filtering, and the intensifier was gated to miss much of the slower decaying fuel signal. As a result, it satisfactorily captures the OH fluorescence along with some of the stronger fuel fluorescence signal. The second camera detected primarily fuel emission with the intensifier gate delayed to capture the tail of the longer-lived fuel phosphorescence, and a long-pass spectral filter capturing all the fuel emission. This paper presents illustrative results showing the instantaneous flow field, flame position as indicated by OH-PLIF, and spray distribution from the fuel PLIE. Multiple flame topologies are observed — specifically, flames stabilized in the outer shear layer occur for all the cases studied, but inner shear layer stabilized flames are also seen in the higher pressure cases.
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KARLOVSKA, Amanda, Inga GRĪNFELDE, Ina ALSIŅA, Gints PRIEDĪTIS, and Daina ROZE. "PLANT REFLECTED SPECTRA DEPENDING ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.045.

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Sustainable and economically based forestry needs modern inventory and monitoring techniques. One of the most common technologies for identification of forest tree species and monitoring of forest growth conditions is the hyperspectral remote sensing. This technology gives an opportunity to economize human resources and time for data collecting and processing. The spectral behaviour of plant leaves depends on number of factors, including environmental background. The aim of this study was to assess the tree reflectance spectra in relation to the growth conditions to take into account potential differences for increasing precision of species identification in Latvian forests and for estimating of forest growth conditions. Remote sensing data were obtained using a specialized aircraft (Pilatus PC-6), which is equipped with a high-performance airborne VNIR pushbroom hyperspectral system (AisaEAGLE). The study area was flown at 1000 m altitude. Data was recorded in the 400–970 nm spectral range, spectral resolution was 3.3 nm, ground resolution 0.5 m. Data processing consisted of manually selecting trees with a recognizable tree crowns in the airborne images. Tree centres were adjusted by putting them in the accurate position according to the situation in aerial photography. All trees with a diameter at breast height DBH of more than 5 cm were measured and for each tree coordinates, its species, height, DBH, crown width and length were recorded. Differentially corrected Global Positioning System measurements were used to determine the position of each plot centre. Data from different hyperspectral bands were compared using ANOVA at confidence level 95 %. Four species: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) – were examined in distinct forest site types. The spectral response of studied species was 1) different between species and 2) different between site types within each species, correlating with soil fertility gradient and soil moisture gradient. Differences between species occurred most in the intensity of reflected electromagnetic radiation rather than distinctive locations of maximums or minimums in spectrum curve, and near infrared (NIR) region of spectrum showed more differences between species than visible light zone. Most informative wavebands for distinguishing differences between site types were 805 nm and 644 nm.
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