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Harper, Amney J. Carney Jamie S. "The relationship between experiences of sexism, ambivalent sexism, and relationship quality in heterosexual women." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Counselor_Education/Dissertation/Harper_Amney_52.pdf.
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Sharp, Pamela Agnes, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "A study of relationships between colonial women and black Australians." Deakin University, 1991. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060922.083240.
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The study is concerned with the history of black and white women in Australia during the colonial period. Particular emphasis is on the variety of cross-cultural relationships which developed between women during that time.
As a starting point, male frontier violence is discussed and compared with the more moderate approach taken by women faced with threatening situations. Among Europeans, women are revealed as being generally less racist than men. This was a significant factor in their ability to forge bonds with black women and occasionally with black men.
The way in which contacts with Aborigines were made is explored and the impact of them on the women concerned is assessed, as far as possible from both points of view. Until now, these experiences have been omitted from colonial history, yet I believe they were an important element in racial relations. It will be seen that some of these associations were warm, friendly and satisfying to both sides, and often included a good deal of mutual assistance. Others involved degrees of exploitation. Both are examined in detail, using a variety of sources which include the works of modern Aboriginal writers.
This study presents a new aspect of the female experiences which was neglected until the emergence of the feminist historians in the 1960s. It properly places women, both black and white, within Australian colonial history.
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Lin-Roark, Isabella Hsiu-Chen. "Battered women's evaluations of their intimate partners as a possible mediating factor between abuse and self-concept." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/i_lin-roark_012209.pdf.
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Freitag, Andrea Rose. "Relationships between Body Image and Religiosity among Emerging Adult Women." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26661.
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Emerging adulthood is a time of identity exploration (Arnett, 2004), in which the areas of religiosity and sexuality may be especially impressionable (Arnett & Tanner, 2006). It is common for emerging adult women to experience negative body image (Gillen & Lefkowitz, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine how religiosity, specifically attendance at religious services and prayer frequency, were connected to a woman?s general body image and her contextual body image, or body image experiences in sexual situations, during emerging adulthood. Participants for this study were 405 emerging adult women who completed an online survey. I hypothesized that there would be positive relationships between body image and religiosity. The results of this study indicated that there were no significant statistical differences in emerging adult women?s general body image or contextual body image according to their religiosity.
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Cotterill, Pamela. "Mothers and daughters-in-law : a study of intergenerational relationships between family women." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329810.
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Teasdale, Nina. "Fragmented sisterhood? : social relationships between professional women within the gendered workplace." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505468.
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This study explores the ways in which a particular group of women, namely professional women, relate to, and see, each other as workers within the context of the 'gendered' work organisation (Acker, 1991; 1992). A study looking at the dynanfiics of professional women's workplace relationships with each other is especially interesting at a time not only when more women are in paid employment (particularly women with children under fm), but more women are working in the professions and in management.
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Page, Margaret L. "Feminist collaboration : relationships between women across political, business and intersubjective worlds." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. http://www.jmarshall.org.uk/PhDs/M_Page/m_page.html.
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Schlegel, Rebecca J. "Rural and urban breast cancer patients differential relationships between coping responses and psychological adjustment /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5090.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 5, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Gillson, Gwendolyn Laurel. "The Buddhist ties of Japanese women: crafting relationships between nuns and laywomen." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6113.
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For many people, Japanese life is increasingly marked by precarity. This is often characterized by a lack of social and familial relationships that were the foundation of Japanese society in earlier eras. Buddhism has rarely played a part in addressing these feelings of precarity because Buddhism in Japan is associated with funerals and death. Yet some women participate in and actively create what this dissertation calls “feeling Buddhism,” which combats the feelings of helplessness and social isolation that accompany precarity. Feeling Buddhism is about sensing Buddhism, physically feeling the body perform ritual acts and inhabit sacred space. It is also about the emotions, affects, and feelings that accompany these physical acts. Based in feminist ethnography, this dissertation argues that Japanese women cultivate constructive feelings through Buddhism that enable them to craft deep and meaningful connections with one another. In particular, it focuses on the Buddhist women who belong to the Pure Land Sect or Jōdoshū.
Chapter One traces the history of women’s historical involvement in Japanese Buddhism to show that Japanese women have always been active participants in Buddhism. Chapter Two examines three articles written by Japanese scholar-priests to argue that they are more concerned with praising Jōdoshū and Hōnen than addressing women’s relationship with Buddhism. Chapter Three looks at two Jōdoshū women’s groups in Kyoto and utilizes theories of ritualization and affect to argue that these experiences create new and mend existing relationships though Buddhism. Chapter Four looks at the Jōdoshū nun Kikuchi Yūken and her caring labor with young women in Tokyo to argue that her work ought to be considered a form of socially engaged Buddhism. Chapter Five moves beyond Jōdoshū to examine the International Ladies Association of Buddhism and argues that the women within the organization attempt to cultivate upper-class taste and an appreciation for an internationalization.
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Wilson, Tanya. "Exploring Relationships Between Resilience, Thinking Styles, and PTSD Scores in Women Veterans." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5437.
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In 2013, military leadership took action to lift the ban on women participating in combat roles, thus creating a vital need to understand protective cognitive factors in women veterans exposed to combat. There is no prior research examining the relationship between resilience and thinking styles in this population. The purpose of this quantitative survey study was to examine the predictive relationship between resilience, measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and thinking styles, measured with the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised 2, on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores, measured by PCL-5, in women with combat exposure (CE). A cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample size of 130 female veterans ages 30 to 55 who had been deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan with a spectrum of PTSD scores and CE was recruited through Facebook's various women veterans organizations. The theoretical framework for this study was Sternberg's theory of mental self-government, which suggests there are different ways individuals will organize, govern their lives, and complete tasks. A Pearson's correlation analysis found significant relationships between the criterion (PSTD scores) and predictor variables (resilience, hierarchical, and liberal thinking styles). A multiple regression analysis found only resilience significantly predicted PTSD symptom scores. The results contribute to social change by adding to the limited research on resilience and thinking styles, which may further cognitive treatment for women veterans and, as the military female population increases, promote additional training for women veterans to increase resilience and enhance positive thinking styles.
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McDowell, Tiffany Lynne. "The relationship between social network characteristics and mental health for women living with HIV." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228197342.
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Börjesson, Ida Maria. "Becoming Member, Becoming Sister : Orientating Relationships Between Women in the Soroptimist International Network." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Stockholm, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84134.
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This thesis examines how the relationships between women, inside and outside the international women's organization for professionally working women – Soroptimist International – is informed by proximity and distance, which orientates the organization in the direction of a multiculturalism informed by imperial feminism. Focus lies on the organizations use of terms such as “sister” and “professional woman”, and the imagined benefits and responsibilities of being a soroptimist. The thesis is centered on interviews with members from Soroptimist International Sweden, which is seen as a microlevel of the international organization. By interviewing members and comparing the statements with some of the official documents produced by the organization, I also examine the relation between policy and practice. Drawing on the affect theories of Sara Ahmed regarding emotions and bodily orientation; postcolonial perspectives on transnational feminism, sisterhood and solidarity; and anthropological perspectives on transnational women's network, I argue that the orientation of Soroptimist International is informed by white middle-class heterosexual women. When working for women's rights as human rights it is furthermore based on a UN discourse, which also orientate the organization in a universally western way. Furthermore, I also show how the network of Soroptimist International is end oriented, which means that its information and knowledge exchange is centered around its members and the expansion of the network, instead of advocacy making on behalf of women that are non-members. This leads to the conclusion that if Soroptimist International wishes to reorient away from its feminist imperialist and multiculturalist elements, it needs to engage with a praxis-oriented solidarity concept. This means obtaining a multifaceted communication between its local and global levels, as well as seizing the many different partial perspectives existing inside as well as outside the organization.
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Richardson, Alison Mae, and Alison Mae Richardson. "Relationships Between Lifestyle Behaviors, Stress, and Weight in University of Arizona Sorority Women." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625133.
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The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lifestyle behaviors, stress,
and weight in University of Arizona sorority women. The lifestyle behaviors that were identified
that have a potential relationship included physical activity and alcohol consumption. The study
population consisted of a convenience sample of 82 sorority women at the University of Arizona.
Study participants were invited to complete an online survey that contained questions regarding
demographic information and lifestyle behaviors and their respective frequencies. They were
also asked to complete a Perceived Stress Scale and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Many
participants reported gaining weight during their college career, with a weight fluctuation
between 0 and 10 pounds. The study population reported high alcohol consumption, low physical
activity, moderate stress, and a diet lacking fruit and vegetable consumption. It was concluded
that these lifestyle behaviors have a direct relationship as a predictor for weight gain in college
sorority women. The combination of lifestyle behaviors represented in the study population help
to explain why this weight change may be occurring. Interventional studies are needed to help
reverse the negative health effects experienced by this population to improve weight and provide
the basis for healthy weight management.
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Menzies, Erica L. "The portrayal and function of relationships between women in selected Erzählungen by Ingeborg Bachmann /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81505.
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This thesis provides an analysis of the portrayal and function of relationships between women in the following Erzahlungen by Ingeborg Bachmann: "Ein Schritt nach Gomorrha," "Das Gebell," and "Drei Wege zum See." The major research questions include whether there is a similar representation of female-female interactions and a common conception of gender and identity construction arising from these interactions. In addition to offering a unique perspective on relationships between women, this analysis presents "Das Gebell" as the story of two women, rather than one that focuses on the relationship between a mother and her son, which has predominately been the interpretation in the previous literature. Findings indicate that parallels exist in the way women are portrayed in the above three Erzahlungen and that the female-female interactions serve certain common narrative functions in each of these texts.
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Brown, Gemma L. "Relationships between exercise, energy balance, appetite and dietary restraint in overweight and obese women." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3227/.
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Background: Exercise may acutely and chronically up-regulate appetite and energy intake in overweight and obese women preventing body mass reduction in the long term. Overweight and obese women may be most prone to compensatory responses to exercise but the possible mechanism for this is unclear. Appetite regulating hormones have been investigated as a possible mechanism but to date the evidence is somewhat mixed. Identifying compensatory energy intake responses in overweight and obese women is complicated by the high prevalence of dietary under-reporting in this group. The laboratory-based buffet meal method has frequently been used in research studies that have assessed food intake in these women, but this method has only undergone preliminary validation. Dietary restraint may also affect individual appetite responses to exercise; it has been theorised that restraint may be a behavioural adaptation to diminished energy requirements, and differences in physical activity levels could also contribute. Evidence thus far has produced mixed results, possibly because two distinct sub-groups of restrained eaters exist, those with flexible and rigid control of restraint. It is not known if there are differences in energy requirements between these two sub-groups. Participants and Methods: Participants in all studies were sedentary, healthy, pre-menopausal, overweight and obese, adult women. Study 1: Fourteen women completed four trials; two exercise and two control, following the same protocol as study 1. Energy intake at three buffet meals and subjective appetite ratings were measured, and the reproducibility of these values under control and exercise conditions was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ri). Study 2: Twenty-nine women completed two trials in a randomised, counterbalanced order; exercise and control. Each trial lasted 24 hours spanning 2 days; the afternoon of day 1 and morning of day 2. An exercise session to expend 1.65 MJ was completed on day 1 of exercise trials, and three buffet meals were served during each trial to measure energy intake. Appetite was assessed using a visual analogue scale and blood samples were taken to determine acylated ghrelin (n=15) and peptide YY (n=10) concentrations. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to investigate the effects of trial and time on appetite hormones, EI and appetite. Study 3: Fifteen women participated in a sixteen week exercise intervention to expend 8360 kJ week-1. Participants exercised unsupervised in the University gym, and compliance was measured via heart rate monitoring. Sub-maximal fitness and body composition assessments were carried out at baseline, and after 8 and 16 weeks of exercise. Energy expenditure, energy intake, appetite, and acylated ghrelin (n=14) and peptide YY concentrations (n=11) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of exercise. Paired t tests were used to assess differences in time-averaged AUC for appetite, total and relative EI, metabolic rate, and exercise responses between trials. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess changes over time in body composition, appetite ratings, EI, acylated ghrelin, peptide YY, and cardiovascular fitness levels. Study 4: Forty-one sedentary women in a one week observational study. Participants were classed as restrained or unrestrained using the three factor eating questionnaire, and the former group were further classified as having flexible or rigid control of restraint. All participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, sub-maximal fitness test, body composition assessment and two fasted metabolic rate measurements. Average daily energy expenditure was calculated from a seven day physical activity diary combined with continuous heart rate data. Differences between restrained and unrestrained eaters, and restrained eaters with flexible and rigid control, were assessed using a paired t-test. Results Study 1: The ri for energy intake in control trials was significant but had large associated confidence intervals (ri 0.50 (95% CI 0.03, 0.80) p=0.0003). The ri was for energy intake in exercise trials was (ri 0.04 (95% CI -0.53, 0.55; p=0.45) and for the difference between control and exercise trials was (ri -0.05 (95% CI -0.54, 0.48; p=0.57) this was not significant. The ri values for satiety, fullness and desire to eat were significant in both control and exercise trials (p<0.05), but the associated confidence intervals were large. Study 2: There was no effect of exercise on subjectively rated appetite, acylated ghrelin, or peptide YY concentrations (all p>0.05). Total energy intakes were not significantly different between trials (exercise: 10.9 ± 0.5 MJ, control: 10.8 ± 0.5 MJ; mean ± SEM). Study 3: Total exercise energy expenditure during the intervention was 80.8 ± 7.7 MJ, which resulted in a significant reduction in total body mass (-1.9 ± 0.9 kg), fat mass (-1.7 ± 0.7 kg) and BMI (-0.7 ± 0.4 kg m-2). However individual changes in body and fat mass ranged from +2.8 to -9.9kg, and +1.78 to -6.55 kg respectively. There were no significant differences in appetite, energy intake, or expenditure after 8 weeks of exercise (p>0.05). Study 4: There were no differences in metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure or physical activity patterns between restrained and unrestrained eaters (p>0.05), or between restrained eaters with flexible and rigid control of restraint (p>0.05). Conclusions: Study 1: The laboratory-based buffet meal method of measuring energy intake does not provide reliable, reproducible values in overweight and obese, pre-menopausal women either under control or exercise conditions. Study 2: A walking-based exercise session which induces a moderate energy deficit of 1.65 MJ does not appear to affect subsequent twenty four hour energy intake, subjectively rated appetite, or plasma acylated ghrelin and peptide YY concentrations during the subsequent twenty four hours. Study 3: This study concluded that 16 weeks aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women produces a small, but significant, reduction in body and fat mass (-1.9 ± 0.9 kg); however the extent of these changes varies greatly between individuals (+2.8 to -9.9kg). No evidence of compensatory changes in energy intake or expenditure, subjective appetite ratings, or circulating levels of acylated ghrelin and peptide YY was apparent after 8 weeks of exercise. Study 4: This study concluded that there is no evidence of a difference in body composition or energy requirements between overweight and obese female restrained and unrestrained eaters, or between sub-groups of restrained eaters. Dietary restraint does not appear to be an adaptation to diminished energy requirements.
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Eddy, Mark R. "The role relationships between men and women as exhibited in the book of Numbers." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1993. http://www.tren.com.
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Wiggins, Tiffany. "Predictive Relationships Between Cultural Coping Strategies, Intimate Partner Violence, and Depression in African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5290.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been linked to long-term, negative health consequences such as depression, PTSD, and suicidal ideation. There is a growing perception that African American women are the most affected by IPV, but the current literature does not confirm this perception. The purpose of this nonexperimental, correlational study was to examine the predictive relationships between the independent variables (spiritual coping, religious coping, and levels of IPV) and the dependent variable (level of depression). The ecological systems theory provided the framework for the study. The research question addressed how well variables such as religious coping, spiritual coping, and level of IPV predicted levels of depression in African American women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 63 participants. Data were collected using a survey methodology. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results indicated a statistically significant negative correlation between spiritual coping and depression, as well as a statistically significant positive correlation between IPV scores and level of depression. No statistically relationship was found between religious coping and depression. Human services and other professionals could use the results to advocate for the development of educational and counseling programs that inform African American women of the benefits of culturally based coping strategies such as spiritual coping. Findings from the study could contribute to social change by adding information to the literature on coping strategies that can potentially improve negative outcomes such as levels of depression for female survivors of IPV, particularly African American Women.
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Youn, IlSun. "Toward authentic partnership for mutual ministry in the Korean Catholic context a dialogue between a Catholic feminist and Korean folk religions /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Sanders, Fiona Ellen Sara. "The association between perceived social relationships, depression and early parental care in the later lives of women." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251169.
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Jacobs, Kahá:wi Joslyn. "Relationships between abuse and physical/mental health in a sample of urban help-seeking women." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18466.
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Physical and sexual abuse are problems that cross all ethnic, racial, geographic, and socioeconomic boundaries. The literature has consistently shown that the most prominent victims of family violence are women, teenagers, children and the elderly. There has also been increasing evidence for ethnocultural differences in the experience of physical and sexual abuse, with Aboriginal women being abused more often than their non-Aboriginal counterparts. The present study explored the physical and mental health of a sample of 172 Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women in Montreal who were seeking shelter and social services. Between group differences in history of physical and sexual abuse, and in demographic, socioeconomic, medical, family/social, substance abuse, and psychological domains were explored. This study also explored adverse childhood experiences in relation to history of childhood sexual abuse. The majority of the sample were single women who were economically disadvantaged, as shown by low employment, dependency on welfare, and need for temporary shelter and other services. They reported high rates of lifetime psychological distress (anxiety, depression), as well as attempted suicide (54.1%) and current substance abuse problems (52.3%). When the sample was stratified for ethnocultural background, the analyses indicated few differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal study participants. They were comparable in terms of demographics, socio-economic background, and medical history. In terms of abuse history, Aboriginal women were more likely than non-Aboriginal women to have been physically abused in their lifetimes, but there were no differences in history of sexual abuse. Aboriginal women reported higher rates of pregnancies over their lifetime and during adolescence (#18 years of age). When the sample was stratified for childhood sexual abuse history, analyses indicated that those who were abused experienced more family-related problems, including serL'abus physique et sexuel est un problème qui traverse toutes limites ethniques, raciales, géographiques, et socio-économiques. La littérature a régulièrement montré que les victimes les plus éminentes de violence dans les familles sont les femmes, les adolescent(e)s, les enfants et les personnes âgées. Il y a des preuves croissantes pour les différences ethnoculturelles, dans l'expérience d'abus physique et sexuel, les femmes aborigènes se faisant abuser plus souvent que leur homologues non-aborigènes. Cette étude a exploré la santé physique et mentale d'un échantillon de 172 femmes aborigènes et non-aborigènes dans Montréal qui cherchaient un abri et des services sociaux. Les inégalités dans l'histoire de l'abus physique et sexuelle et dans les variables démographique, socio-économiques, médicales, familiales/sociales, l'abus de substances et psychologique on été examines entre les groupes. A travers cette étude on a aussi examiné les expériences adverses dans l'enfance en relation avec l'histoire d'abus sexuel dans l'enfance. L'échantillon consistait en une majorité de femmes célibataires ayant un désavantage économique, tel que démontré par un faible taux d'emploie, une dépendance pour rapport avec services sociaux et le besoin temporaire d'avoir un abri ou d'avoir recours à d'autres services. Elles ont rapporté un taux élevé de détresse psychologique durant leur vie (anxiété, dépression), ainsi que des attentas de suicide (54%) et des problèmes d'abus actuel de substances (52.3%). Dans bette etude, lorsqu'on a stratifié l'échantillon selon l'arrière plan ethnoculturel, l'analyse a indiqué de différences entre les participantes aborigènes et non-aborigènes. Elles étaient comparable en terme de démographie, d'arrière plan socio-économique et d'histoire médicale. Pour l'histoire d'abus, il était plus probable que les femmes aborigènes aient été abusées physiquement pendant leur vie que les femmes$
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Brown, L. "'Encountering each other' : love and emotional relationships between men and women in Britain, 1950s-1970s." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16754/.
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Tursich, Mischa. "Relationships between Psychological Distress and Immune Function in Women with a History of Childhood Maltreatment." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2012. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/72.
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Exposure to traumatic events can lead to many varied psychological and physiological difficulties, including an increased risk for chronic physical health problems and chronic pain disorders, which are thought to be mediated through the three major biological systems involved in the human stress response. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationships between psychological symptoms and proinflammatory immune markers, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are thought to be related to many of the physical health problems associated with posttraumatic psychopathology.
Female participants (N=12) were recruited from a trauma specialty clinic and participated in approximately one research session per month for up to one year of psychotherapy. Five participants had at least three data points and were further examined for longitudinal correlations. Baseline measurements of urinary IL-1β were associated with self-report measures of trait anxiety and dissociative symptoms. One participant, who completed nine research sessions over nearly 12 months, showed improvements in depressive symptoms, state and trait anxiety, and dissociative symptoms that seemed to correspond with decreases in IL-6. IL-1β did not seem to be related to any of her symptom measures. A second participant, with five data points over almost four months, showed less marked change in symptomatology, but her IL-6 levels seemed to correspond with depressive and dissociative symptoms, and her IL-1β levels seemed to be associated with trends in state anxiety and dissociative symptoms. Three other participants had between three and four data points, and the trends obtained were inadequate to determine whether any true relationship existed among the longitudinal variables. These results provide preliminary evidence that it may be possible to reduce chronic pro-inflammatory dysregulation through psychotherapy-facilitated symptom reduction.
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Harley, Emma Elizabeth Harlin. "Social support in later life : cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of inter-relationships between psychosocial variables in the Women's Health Australia Study /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18295.pdf.
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Reese, Jeanene. "Co-workers in the Lord developing partnership between male and female majors in the Department of Bible, Missions, and Ministry at Abilene Christian University /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Warren, Barbara Jones. "Constructing a model for depression in middle class African- American women by exploring relationships between stressful life events, social support, and self-esteem /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1240670181.
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Knott, Sue Marilyn. "Competing discourses of love and sexuality in the relationships between men and women in Renaissance drama." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3629/.
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This thesis is an examination of the ways in which competing discourses of love and sexuality, ranging from the literary and philosophical to the religious, have influenced the portrayal of men and women in the drama of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The structure of the thesis is in two parts: the first concerns what might be termed normative relationships, underlying which is the ideal of mutual affection in marriage, and the second, relationships which undermine, or challenge that ideal. My central proposition is that the conflict between the demands of the body and the spirit, rooted in the ascetic heritage of the Middle Ages, lies at the heart of all discourse on love and sexuality. This is demonstrated in the tension between the Petrarchan idealisation of love and women, and their denigration; between sublimation and sexual fulfilment. Underlying the idealism associated with love is the fear of disillusionment and betrayal, arising out of a deep-rooted association of sexuality with sin, which finds expression in anxiety about female sexuality. The playwrights dramatise these tensions, placing them in a context of changing values in which traditional views of morality come into conflict with a cynical acceptance of human frailty.
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Marte, Ricardo Miguel. "An ecological model of adolescent problem behaviors relationships between personal, interpersonal, and contextual influences /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3210929.
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Vincent, Susan D. "Female offenders and dependent romantic relationships : is there a link between dependent romantic relationships with men and the criminal activities of women? /." Connect to online version, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3562.
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Volpe, Joanne Jackson. "Relationships Between Serum Leptin and Bone Mineral with Eating Restraint or Weight Loss." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34457.
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High body weight seems protective of bone mass, specifically bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), thereby reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Cognitive eating restraint (CER), diet composition, and the satiety hormone, leptin, produced by adipocytes, are associated with body mass and may also influence bone mass. Few studies have examined these relationships. To investigate the relationship between leptin and CER score, 36 premenopausal, healthy weight women, as defined by body mass index (BMI) of 18-25 kg/m2, aged 18-25 years were studied. Women were categorized by baseline Eating Inventory questionnaire scores into either the high CER group (score > 9, n = 20) or low CER group (score < 9, n = 16). Serum leptin concentration was significantly lower in the low CER group versus high CER group at baseline. A positive relationship between serum leptin concentration and body fat mass and body fat % in normal weight women despite differences in CER scores was observed. In a separate study, overweight and obese women, (BMI > 25 to < 43 kg/m2), aged 32-45 years, were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) or low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diet for 12 weeks. Serum leptin concentration was significantly greater in the LCHP versus the LFHC diet group at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Over time, significant decreases in serum leptin concentration, BMI, body weight, total lean mass, total fat mass, and body fat % were observed in both diet groups. Serum leptin concentration was positively associated with body weight, fat mass, and body fat % regardless of diet consumed. Both studies are novel in their respective populations and show no direct link between leptin and bone mass when considered in the context of CER or diet composition.Master of Science
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Marchant, Jennifer Esther Robertson Susina Jan. "Beauty and the beast the relationships between female protagonists and animals in children's and adolescent novels written by women /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3106758.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2003.Title from title page screen, viewed October 17, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Jan C. Susina (chair), C. Anita Tarr, Cynthia A. Huff. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-184) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Kern, Benjamin David. "An Iroquois Woman Between Two Worlds: Molly Brant and the American Revolution." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1376538884.
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Sharp, Erin Brooke. "Relationships between dietary intake and body mass index of primarily low-income, African-American children and their female caregivers living in rural Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/SHARP_ERIN_42.pdf.
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Ranivoharisoa, Honnorine. "Between generations : the construction of mother-daughter relationships in the work of black women playwrights in Britain." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5627.
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Since the end of the Second World War, race relations and immigration have become major subjects of debate in the political, social and cultural life of Britain. The presence of immigrants from Britain's former colonies and the subsequent arrival of economic migrants and asylum seekers have triggered discussion of many issues, not least those surrounding difference, assimilation, diversity and identity (Gilroy 1993). It is these particular issues (and the tensions that they engender), often articulated through the depiction of mother-daughter relationships, which are dramatized in the work of contemporary Black British female playwrights such as Winsome Pinnock, Trish Cooke, Paulette Randall, Maya Chowdry, J. B. Rose, Tanika Gupta, Rukhsana Ahmad, Jackie Kay, Grace Dayley, Jacqueline Rudet, Maria Oshodi and Zindika2. My thesis is thus about the construction of mother-daughter relationships as presented in the work of these playwrights. It places particular emphasis on how mothers and daughters negotiate their relationships, positions and identities in the context of their respective experiences as first- and second- generation female migrants in Britain.
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Swithinbank, Lucy. "Urinary symptoms and incontinence in women : relationships between occurrence, age prevalence, perceived bother and quality of life." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/496876df-ad70-4d22-8250-0c3016157d8d.
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Xu, Qunyan. "An examination of the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health among Australian midlife and older women." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43715/1/Qunyan_Xu_Thesis.pdf.
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Background It is well known that lifestyle factors including overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol use are largely related with morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of lifestyle factors on people’s mental health who have a chronic disease is less defined in the research. The World Health Organisation has defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”. It is important, therefore to develop an understanding of the relationships between lifestyle and mental health as this may have implications for maximising the efficacy of health promotion in people with chronic diseases. Objectives The overall aim of the research was to examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health among Australian midlife and older women. Methodology The current research measured four lifestyle factors including weight status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use. Three interconnecting studies were undertaken to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health. Study 1 investigated the longitudinal effect of lifestyle factors on mental health by using midlife and older women randomly selected from the community. Study 2 adopted a cross-sectional design, and compared the effect of lifestyle factors on mental health between midlife and older women with and without diabetes. Study 3 examined the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health among midlife and older women with diabetes. A questionnaire survey was chosen as the means to gather information, and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted as the primary statistical approach. Results The research showed that the four lifestyle factors including weight status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use did impact on mental health among Australian midlife and older women. First, women with a higher BMI had lower levels of mental health than women with normal weight, but as women age, the mental health of women who were overweight and obese becomes better than that of women with normal weight. Second, women who were physically active had higher levels of mental health than those who were not. Third, smoking adversely impacted on women’s mental health. Finally, those who were past-drinkers had less anxiety symptoms than women who were non-drinkers as they age. Women with diabetes appeared to have lower levels of mental health compared to women without. However, the disparities of mental health between two groups were confounded by low levels of physical activity and co-morbidities. This finding underlines the effect of physical activity on women’s mental health, and highlights the potential of reducing the gap of mental health by promoting physical activity. In addition, self-efficacy was shown to be the mediator of the relationships between BMI, physical activity and depression, suggesting that enhancing people’s self-efficacy may be useful for mental health improvement. Conclusions In conclusion, Australian midlife and older women who live with a healthier lifestyle have higher levels of mental health. It is suggested that strategies aiming to improve people’s mental health may be more effective if they focus on enhancing people’s self-efficacy levels. This study has implications to both health education and policy development. It indicates that health professionals may need to consider clients’ mental health as an integrated part of lifestyle changing process. Furthermore, given that lifestyle factors impact on both physical and mental health, lifestyle modification should continue to be the focus of policy development.
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Swain, Barbara J. "The relationships between clinical features of eating disorders and measures of individual and family functioning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184524.
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The performances of 114 eating disordered females on measures of individual and family functioning were examined via t-tests, analyses of variance, and chi squares analyses. Subjects met DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa with bulimia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. Measures included selected scales of the MMPI, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Eating Disorder Questionnaire, the Moos Family Environment Scale, and the Berren-Shisslak Family Dynamics Survey. First, performances on the measures were compared to normative samples and across diagnostic groups. As expected, the subjects differed from normative samples on many dependent measures, but the diagnostic groups differed little among themselves. Next, an examination of 45 clinical features suggested that subjects were not as symptomatically distinct as diagnosis might imply. Finally, diagnosis was set aside to examine the relationships of specific clinical features to the measures of individual and family functioning. These features included age, weight history, food binges, vomiting, laxative and diuretic use, food restriction, menstrual history, exercise, drug and alcohol abuse, symptom severity, inpatient treatment history, and additional diagnosis. Surprisingly, a history of anorectic weight was not related to any of the measures, but amenorrhea emerged as a clinical feature of some import, not just among the anorectic subjects but among subjects generally. Other findings suggested that patients who binge have difficulty with separation, that binges may be a metaphor for unsatisfied cravings for nurturance, and that vomiting and exercise may enhance a sense of separateness while laxative use may represent the private expulsion of anger. The need for family involvement in treatment was highlighted by many relationships between the clinical features and indices of family dysfunction.
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Maxwell, Tanita L. "More than just money? : a sociological analysis of the relationships between feminist organisations and violence against women and girls state funders in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232233.
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Menke, R. A., Diana Morelen, V. A. Simon, K. Rosenblum, and M. Musik. "The Longitudinal Relationships Between Shame, Maltreatment Characteristics, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress During the Postpartum Period in Women with Childhood Maltreatment Histories." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7706.
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Pelaez, Bronwen Bares. "Examining the Relationships between Gender Role Congruity, Identity, and the Choice to Persist for Women in Undergraduate Physics Majors." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3509.
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Persistent gender disparity limits the available contributors to advancing some science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. While higher education can be an influential time-point for ensuring adequate participation, many physics programs across the U.S. have few women in classroom or lab settings. Prior research indicates that these women face considerable barriers. For university students, faculty, and administration to appropriately address these issues, it is important to understand the experiences of women as they navigate male-dominated STEM fields.
This explanatory sequential mixed methods study explored undergraduate female physics majors’ experiences with their male-dominated academic and research spaces in the U.S. The conceptual framework consisted of physics identity, gender role congruity, assumptions about the “ideal” scientist, and self-reported plans to persist in the field (measured by bachelor’s degree completion, graduate school plans, and physics-related career plans). Utilizing the American Physical Society (APS) 2016 Conferences for Undergraduate Women in Physics (CUWiP) pre-conference survey data, responses from 900 females were analyzed using regressions followed by 18 semi-structured interviews with CUWiP sample participants.
Physics identity was highly predictive of participants’ self-reported persistence plans. A factor analysis revealed that gender role congruity is comprised of three distinct social roles: extrinsic agentic (e.g., power, financial rewards, status), intrinsic agentic (e.g., self-direction, demonstrating skills, independence), and communal (e.g., working with people, helping others). Intrinsic agency was highly correlated with physics identity and long-term persistence (graduate school and career), and communal roles were negatively correlated with students’ short-term persistence (undergraduate physics degree completion). Extrinsic agency was correlated with neither identity nor persistence.
The 18 interviews were phenomenographically analyzed revealing that participants experience relationships with the conceptual framework in five qualitatively different ways, called categories of experience. These categories are: The Assured, The Solitary, The Communal, The Reflective, and The Ambassadors. The categories elaborate on the quantitative results by providing nuanced explanations of how women negotiate aspects of their gender identity related to the conceptual framework.
The results provide a broad vantage point of women’s experiences as physics majors which may aid university faculty and administration with gender equity goals for physics and other male-dominated STEM fields.
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Hillman, Laura J. "Battered women and their children : an exploratory study of the relationships between mothers who have fled abusive relationships and the children who have witnessed their abuse /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2000.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2000.Adviser: Francine Jacobs. Submitted to the Dept. of Applied Child Development. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-252). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Shaw, Nancy Elaine Jacobson Arminta. "The relationships between perceived parenting style, academic self-efficacy and college adjustment of freshman engineering students." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6054.
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Carlisle, Alexandra. "Examining the self-regulatory model in women with rheumatoid arthritis : relationships between illness representations, coping procedures, self-efficacy belief and outcomes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1023/.
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Alish, Carolyn Jean. "The Psychosocial Determinants Of Diet Quality And Dietary Intake: A Social Cognitive Approach To Examining The Relationships Between/Among Personal And Environmental Factors And Diet Quality And dietary Intake In Working Women." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054701490.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 289 p., ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: M. Catherine Mitchell, Nutrition Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-220).
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Leung, Shui-ho. "Relationships between perceived learning environment and participation motivation of senior secondary school girls in physical activities." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18887132.
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McClendon, Deborah. "Perceived Susceptibility of Cardiovascular Disease as a Moderator of Relationships between Perceived Severity and Cardiovascular Health Promoting Behaviors among Female Registered Nurses." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/22.
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Significance: Morbidity and mortality related to CVD among women in the U.S. and most developed countries surpasses that of all cancers combined (AHA, 2008). Yet, CVD in women remains understudied, yielding low awareness among women and healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationship between health beliefs related to perceived cardiovascular disease (CVD) severity and health promoting behaviors were different in women with high self perception of CVD susceptibility versus women with low self perception of CVD susceptibility.
Methods: This study used a descriptive, correlational design. A convenience sample (N = 220) included female registered nurses (RNs), 23-66 years old (M = 48; SD = 9.7), mostly white (N = 143; 65%), who had worked in nursing an average of 21 years (SD = 11.3) and reported their job as stressful/very stressful (N = 129; 59%). Nurses were recruited from five acute care hospital systems in a large southeastern city. Data were collected using standard questionnaires that measured perceived CVD severity and susceptibility, social support, depression, stress, exercise and nutrition. Participants completed data collection via an online survey method.
Results: Data were analyzed using MANCOVA. For every standardized unit increase in perceived severity of CVD, participants had a 1.26 (95% CI: 0.02, 2.50) unit reduction in their healthy food choice score (lower scores = healthier food choices), and a 0.12 increase in their physical activity score (higher scores = more physical activity) (90% CI: 0.01, 0.23) unit. For every standardized unit increase in perceived CVD susceptibility there was an increase in the healthy food choice score by 2.37 (95% CI: 1.09, 3.65) units, and a reduction in the physical activity score by 0.27 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.41) unit. Greater age (p = 0.01) and greater depression (p = 0.001) were statistically significant predictors of lower physical activity. CVD susceptibility did not moderate the effect of CVD severity on nutrition or physical activity.
Conclusions: Higher perceived CVD severity was associated with increased likelihood for healthy food choices and physical activity. In contrast, higher perceived CVD susceptibility was associated with decreased likelihood for healthy food choices and physical activity. More research is needed to understand how susceptibility beliefs around CVD are formed in women and how to better engage women in risk reduction behavior.
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Hensley, Starla Sue. "The assessment of the relationships between body image, dietary intake, iron status, percent body fat and menstrual status of female competitive iceskaters, ages 11-16." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722444.
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Competitive ice skating is a sport in which thinness is stressed and is expected of these athletes. This obsession with thinness leads to decreases in body weight, psychological effects, and eating disorders. This study sought to investigate whether there was a relationship between body image, dietary intake, iron status, percent body fat, and menstrual dysfunction in 11 to 16 year old female ice skating competitors in the United States. Little research has been conducted with ice skaters in the area of body image. However, ice skaters, ballet dancers, and many other athletic groups are involved in an area of our culture in which a lean body image is encouraged.The experimentally accessible population for this study included those U.S. competitive ice skaters attending the Sports Medicine and Science Testing Program at the Indiana World Skating Academy. The target population included females ages 11 to 16.Statistical analysis of the data revealed:(1) A significant relationship between thiamin, calcium, and riboflavin intake and eating attitude test score (body image) in female ice skaters, ages 11-16.(2) A significant relationship between menstrual dysfunction and the weights of female ice skaters, ages 11 to 16.When dietary records were evaluated, the mean caloric intake of the skaters was low at 1781 calories. Caloric intakes were 445 calories less than estimated necessary to support normal growth (Benson et al, 1985). None of the vitamin levels fell below 96% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), however, minerals which were less than 75% of the RDA included calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and potassium. There were more than 14 participants who consumed greater than 100% of the RDA for vitamin C, vitamin E, folacin, vitamin B-12, niacin, riboflavin and thiamin.Of the 19 participants who participated in hematological assessment, four were found to have an impaired iron status. The contributor to this low iron state may have been poor dietary iron consumption, as 10 of the 20 skaters consumed less than 67% of the RDA for iron.The participants' body image, measured by the Eating Attitude Test (EAT), revealed that two participants had scores greater than 30, indicative of eating disorders.The participant's age may have played a role in the tendency towards an eating disorder, for when age was correlated with EAT scores, a positive relationship existed, indicating that as age increased, the tendency towards an eating disorder increased.Training has posed enormous changes on the body composition of these female ice skaters. Ranges of 21.5% to 25.4% body fat are expected for the age group of 11 to 16. However, 71% of the ice skaters had a body fat less than 22%, and 38% of the skaters had a body fat less than 17%.This study identified numerous menstrual dysfunctions in among the participants as 9 of the 21 participants had irregular menses, and 4 have never menstruated and their ages were 15, 14, 13 and 11. The weights of these ice skaters may have a role in the menstrual dysfunctions, as a significant relationship was found between menstrual dysfunctions and the weights of these skaters. Those participants who had never menstruated, had four of the five lowest weights at 72 lbs, 90 lbs, 95 lbs, and 103 lbs. Those participants who had irregular menses, had weights below 117 lbs.The data indicated the main concerns about the diets of subjects in this study were the low caloric, calcium, and iron intakes. Ice skaters need to be aware of the benefits of a "normal caloric" intake, which can provide adequate amounts of calcium and iron in the diet. In addition, an adequate caloric intake could increase body weights of the ice skaters, and help alleviate amenorrhea and associated health complications.Department of Home Economics
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Shaw, Nancy Elaine. "The Relationships Between Perceived Parenting Style, Academic Self-Efficacy and College Adjustment of Freshman Engineering Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6054/.
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This study examined the relationships between perceived parenting styles, academic self-efficacy, and college adjustment among a sample of 31 freshman engineering students. Through the administration of self-report surveys and chi-square analyses, strong academic self-efficacy was demonstrated in students who reported authoritative maternal parenting. These findings support previous research on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and parenting styles. Implications were drawn for parents and future research.
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Cooksey, Tonya. "Relationships between Mother's Body Type/Size, Attitude Towards Physical Activity and Daughter's Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Score in African Americans." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/4.
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The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level of daughters and their mothers’ body type/size and attitude towards physical activity in African Americans was investigated. 51 subjects were recruited. Subjects completed the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an attitudinal questionnaire. Subjects’ height and weight were measured. Mother’s body type/size was found to be weakly associated with daughter’s BMI (r=0.28, p=0.051). Mother’s overall attitude towards physical activity was not associated with daughter’s IPAQ score. The results suggest mother’s body type/size and select components of the mother’s attitude are related daughter’s BMI and physical activity level.
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Dickie, Kasha Elizabeth. "Relationships between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behaviour, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in black South African women." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2749.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), constitute the second highest cause of mortality in South Africa (SA) and seem to be exacerbated by the high prevalence of obesity, particularly amongst black SA women. Although the aetiology of obesity is complex, common antecedents for its development include a sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and risk factors for CVD and T2D in a sample of apparently healthy black SA women. The aims of this thesis were addressed in two separate studies with the following objectives: Study 1: i) to compare body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D between active and inactive groups classified according to international PA recommendations for health (Part 1, crosssectional analysis) and ii) to determine whether PA level predicts changes in body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D over a 5.5-year follow-up period (Part 2, longitudinal analysis); Study 2: to examine the independent effects of PA, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sedentary time on body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D (cross-sectional analysis). In part 1 of study 1, a sample of 240 apparently healthy black SA women(26±7 years) underwent the following measurements in 2005/6: PA (Global PhysicalActivity Questionnaire (GPAQ)), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computerised tomography), blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations. Thereafter (part 2), a sub-sample of women (n=57) underwent follow-up testing after a 5.5-year follow period (2010/11), which included additional measurements of objective PA (accelerometry) and CRF (VO2max, ml/kg/min) measured during a submaximal step-test. Study 2 included women from the follow-up subsample and 19 additional women (n=76). Cross-sectional comparisons of objective PA, CRF and sedentary time with body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D were examined. Study 1: Using the GPAQ, the majority (61%) of women were sufficiently active, meeting the guidelines for moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) according to international criteria. Women who were active had significantly lower body weight (p<0.001), measures of body fat (BMI, fat mass, %body fat, waist circumference, central and appendicular fat mass, p<0.001), and measures of insulin resistance (fasting serum insulin, p=0.010 and HOMA-IR, p=0.010, respectively), and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, p=0.041) compared to the inactive group. At follow-up, bodyweight increased from 82.0±19.6 kg to 89.5±19.2 kg (p<0.001) in the active group, and from 91.0±15.6 kg to 98.3±13.2 kg (p<0.001) in the inactive group, whereas serum lipid concentrations remained unchanged (p>0.05), and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in those who were active (78±7 vs. 74±14 mmHg, p=0.039). Study 2: Using accelerometry as an objective measure of PA, more than half (51.3%) of the women met international MVPA criteria and the goal of ≥10 000 steps per day (55.3%). Greater light PA and steps per day, but not MVPA, were associated with lower trunk (central) fat mass (r=-0.25, p=0.03, r=-0.31, p=0.01 and r=-0.09, p=0.42, respectively). Conversely, greater sedentary time was associated with higher TG and TG/HDL-C (r=0.36, p=0.01 and r=0.34, p=0.04, respectively), and these relationships were independent of body fat. In addition, higher CRF was associated with reduced body fat% (r=-0.34, p=0.02) and central fat mass (r=-0.31, p=0.03), as well as reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; r=-0.41, p=0.01). These associations were independent of body fat and PA, but not VAT. CRF was inversely associated with sedentary time (r=-0.31, p=0.03) and not with any of the PA variables (p>0.05). Both PA and CRF level were associated with reduced total and central fat mass, and reduced metabolic risk for CVD and T2D amongst a sample of apparently healthy black SA women. Promotion of increasing daily PA, including light-intensity and MVPA, whilst reducing sedentary time, and increasing CRF should be encouraged to reduce levels of obesity and risk factors for CVD and T2D.
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Leung, Shui-ho, and 梁瑞好. "Relationships between perceived learning environment and participationmotivation of senior secondary school girls in physical activities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959593.
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