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1
Beaumont, Jennifer. "Doctoral portfolio in Counselling Psychology." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620465.
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Graham, Lydia, and n/a. ""Walking together" : the elements of the retrospective construction of safety in marriages where the wife is a survivor of incest." University of Canberra. Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050411.140236.
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Many intimate relationships do not survive the process of working through
issues to do with incest. However, some relationships do well despite these upheavals.
Therefore the focus of the current study was on how lasting marriages manage to
construct emotional safety in order to maintain emotional intimacy.
The relationship issues of marriages where one partner is a survivor of incest
have not been widely researched. Yet it is in the survivor's relationship where many
issues arising from the incest may be played out.
Literature in the survivor area focuses on the need for safety and support.
Therefore, models of couple counselling may need to include these issues in their
notions of healing within the process of counselling.
This study was conducted using qualitative research methods. Focus groups
were a primary source of data. The study examined the construction of safety in longterm
intact marriages of incest survivors. This examination looked at the three-stage
model of counselling for trauma proposed by Judith Herman, and the relationship
between these three stages of healing and the construction of safety.
The research participants included female incest survivors and husbands of
survivors of incest. Participants were asked to individually make written constructions
of safety related to each of the three stages of healing. A group construction process
followed these individual constructions and differences within the written materials
were also highlighted.
Segregated groups met three times, each time concentrating on a particular stage
of healing. A single validating group of the combined women and men's groups met
later to do an overall construction of the notion of safety.
Results indicate that emotional safety is indeed an important issue for both
partners in relationships where the wife is a survivor of incest. There are differences
between survivors and partners about the significance of the three stages. A model of
the retrospective construction of safety has been developed. This model includes the
important elements of the experience of emotional safety that arose. These elements
were knowledge, negotiated control, negotiated trust, communication, how anger is
managed and directed, and managing the difficult times and issues such as the times of
the disclosure of incest.
3
Taylor, Sandra. "The reciprocal influence of person centred counselling students and trainers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-reciprocal-influence-of-person-centred-counselling-students-and-trainers(3ed01336-39d3-432e-b522-e8f9fdbdde40).html.
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The University of ManchesterSandra TaylorDoctor of PhilosophyThe Reciprocal Influence Of Person Centred Counselling Students And Trainers2013This research has explored the reciprocal influence of counselling students and trainers in the UK, through the researcher’s lens of being a Person Centred trainer. The methodology evolved into relational heuristic research, an adaptation of heuristic research which is itself a contribution to knowledge. It is a qualitative approach that holds the researcher/trainer’s heuristic experience as its core whilst including and valuing the experience of others. Six pairs of former counselling students and trainers were interviewed together, followed by eight interviews between the researcher and her former students. The interviews provided the opportunity for the co-creation of a coherent story of their reciprocal influence and enabled clarification, corroboration, disagreement, memory jogging, and the emergence of surprises. Participants in the six interviews were gained through the researcher’s professional networks and so were convenience sampling. The eight former students were from the 22 invited whom the researcher had worked with two years previously. As is typical of heuristic research the analysis was a long, iterative and creative process of incubation and illumination.The main finding, available only because of the former students and trainers being interviewed together, is the uniqueness, complexity and richness of counselling student-trainer relationships. The three other substantial findings are: the huge impact of the transferential/countertransferential relationship between students and trainers; the nuances of liking and favouritism between students and trainers; and an invaluable insight into challenges and difficulties within the student-trainer relationship and their impact.In addition to the findings and discussion the researcher also offers a creative synthesis and a summary of learning, not to be turned into general principles and procedures but for each reader to resonate with their own experiences and see what does and doesn’t fit. This is in keeping with the complexity and uniqueness of experience found in the research. Specific contributions of this research for past, present and future counselling students and trainers as well as for course development are also discussed.
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Prysor-Jones, John. "Hope springs internal : counsellors' experiences of hope in the counselling relationship." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hope-springs-internal-counsellors-experiences-of-hope-in-the-counselling-relationship(16c83830-46f3-4915-a67b-2a8c385a843e).html.
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The purpose of this research was to explore counsellors' experiences of hope in the counselling relationship in a number of counselling contexts, early in the twenty-first century in the United Kingdom. This research takes place against the background of considerable changes in mental health policy affecting counselling in both England and Wales. The wider political, social-cultural and economic context was marked by recession and uncertainty. A lack of research into counsellors' experiences of hope in the UK context was identified. A phenomenological perspective was taken as appropriate for exploring human experience with a social constructionist approach to the creation of knowledge complementing realist ontology with a pragmatic under pinning. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with seven participants chosen using purposive and convenience sampling in both England and Wales from within professional networks and a variety of counselling settings. The transcribed data was analysed using Thematic Analysis and identified themes evidenced with quotations from the data. The main findings were in the context of hope identified as a common human experience. Participants' found difficulty in accessing their experiences of hope and it was found to be an intermittent and liminal experience varying in intensity and part of a meaning making process. Characteristics of this liminality were found to be placing participants at the limit of what they knew, living with uncertainty and waiting for new knowledge to emerge. This created vulnerability for some participants. Hope was also found to be an embodied relational experience within counsellors which they also saw in their clients. Implications of the findings suggested that counsellors could more actively cultivate awareness of their own hope as a resource for clients within an understanding of counselling as a social and liminal process. It is recommended that professional training and Continuing Professional Development workshops provide opportunities for exploring hope in the context of liminality. Future research opportunities include encouraging counsellors to use case study method to explore their own experiences of hope in counselling relationships and that of clients. These findings are presented as specific to this context and not as general truths.
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Thurgood, Barbara. "Age and the therapeutic relationship : older clients' experiences of therapy with significantly younger therapists : an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/age-and-the-therapeutic-relationship(a1f37148-48f5-4c81-92f3-002fc6a33b4b).html.
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Age is such an important clinical issue within the context of later life Counselling Psychology, and yet research based on older clients’ accounts is lacking. This thesis explores how older clients experienced age difference in therapy with therapists who were perceived to be significantly younger; and aims to understand the meaning of these experiences. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight older adults who, at or after the age of 65, had received at least 6 sessions of individual psychotherapy, using any approach, and with a therapist who was perceived by them to be at least 20 years younger. Interview transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The analysis highlighted these older adults’ experiences of age difference in the given circumstances. These experiences were considered not only as unique to each individual but also as bound up with intersubjective aspects of the therapeutic relationship. Two super-ordinate themes emerged: (1) TEMPORALITY & AGEING including certain sub-themes, namely time perspectives: an awareness of time; facing multiple losses; relevance of age difference in the therapeutic relationship; and (2) THERAPEUTIC RELATIONAL WORLD including sub-themes: quality of relating; therapy as emotional release and transcending/expanding of the self. The research provides an insight into the lived age difference experience of older individuals within the context of their therapeutic relationship; and indicates that age difference entered into their therapeutic experience in complex and diverse ways. In particular, age difference seems to be embedded in the intersubjective interaction between client and therapist. Factors such as temporality and ageing appear to be the important organisers of the participants’ therapeutic experiences this including the age difference aspect. The findings are discussed in the light of the phenomenological and intersubjective perspectives; along with suggestions for future research, and implications for Counselling Psychology.
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Kitson, Kirsten M. "Counselling psychologists' experiences of the therapeutic relationship when working with sex-offenders." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/counselling-psychologists’-experiences-of-the-therapeutic-relationship-when-working-with-sex-offenders(acd7c9aa-e377-42e1-983a-75449513535a).html.
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Regardless of therapeutic orientation, the therapeutic relationship has been consistently shown as central to the therapeutic process. However, research has also shown that this can be difficult to achieve when working with sex-offenders. Less is known about the experience of this relationship and little qualitative research has been conducted in this area. This current study therefore aimed to provide valuable insight into the first-hand accounts of therapists directly working with this client group through exploring their experience of the therapeutic relationship, using a qualitative approach. The study focused upon the experiences of eight Counselling Psychologists, in order to keep the sample homogenous, and explored the differences the therapists may have experienced compared to other client groups. Additionally, it aimed to highlight what difficulties, if any, have arisen in the therapeutic relationships and potentially how these have been experienced, managed, overcome and addressed. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight counselling psychologists who have worked therapeutically with sex-offenders. Verbatim transcripts of the interviews were then analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The analysis illustrated four master themes: i) Forming a relationship- negotiating the degree of intimacy; ii) overcoming barriers to the relationship- contending with the context; iii) establishing a relationship- feeling a reaction yet managing a response; iv) reaping the rewards of the relationship- out of the darkness and into the light. A description of these master themes and the related subordinate themes were presented. The results of the analysis were considered in light of existing theory and their clinical implications.
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Knight, Sarah. "Being 'heard' in the counselling relationship : an investigation into the experience of hard of hearing clients." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2011. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/being-heard-in-the-counselling-relationship-an-investigation-into-the-experience-of-hard-of-hearing-clients(3c8767fd-d29e-4190-ab29-bb9564635944).html.
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This qualitative study concerns the notion of being 'heard’, with a focus on the counselling relationship. The term ‘hearing’ is used as a metaphorical concept and its definition forms part of the investigation. The study initially focuses on the hard of hearing client and their position between the Deaf and hearing worlds. Hard of hearing people are viewed as an important client group whose needs are frequently overlooked. There is a review of the literature relevant to the hard of hearing individual and disability in the counselling relationship. This is followed by a broader consideration of the meaning of ‘hearing’. Included in this literature is ‘hearing’ from the perspective of developmental psychology relating to non-verbal communication, ‘hearing’ through language and ‘hearing’ the other. Following a methodological discussion, an adapted Foucauldian discourse analysis is applied to interview data from nine hard of hearing participants. The findings illustrate dominant discourses in action and also discourses of resistance. The dominant discourses suggest the power and politics involved in the counselling venture and the resistance shows the alternative subject positions the participants created and their agency in the process of being ‘heard’. Following this analysis, a discussion develops, which involves ideas around embodied and ethical 'hearing' in both the research process and within counselling. The study does not aim to provide any stability to the notion of ‘hearing’ in the counselling relationship, but contributes to the field of counselling psychology in creatively exploring the ambiguous term.
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Gelderman, Wendell. "A study of transference in the male to male counselling relationship." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/MQ48826.pdf.
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Isaac, Miriam Kendrick. "The class dynamic in the therapeutic relationship." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27810.
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In counselling and psychotherapy, the issue of class is neglected both theoretically and in practice. This thesis aims to address this anomaly by focusing on the class dynamic in the therapeutic relationship. First, the study offers a theoretical exploration of the three major concepts of class. Second, the empirical research aims to highlight how the working class research participants perceive therapists and counselling, and how the counsellor participants perceive class and manage class difference. I argue that class is complex and multidimensional. Therefore, no one theory about class offers a complete account. With this in mind three theoretical concepts are explored demonstrating their potential usefulness to the provision and practice of therapy. The position taken is that two of these concepts, class as a relational phenomenon, and class maintained and reproduced through habitus, capital and dispositions of the therapist and the client provide a means by which the class dynamic can be analysed, with consequences for the therapeutic transference. The empirical inquiry constitutes a theory led, constructionist, thematic focus group analysis, cross referenced to individual counsellor interviews. The data was gathered from six focus groups situated in Sure Start Children Centres across the West Midlands. Each centre was located within the highest percentile of nationally delineated deprivation factors. The research findings suggest that all participants called on latent socio-cultural accounts of class in relationally defining themselves in opposition to others; that the power dynamic in the therapeutic relationship is constructed differently between the working class participants and the counsellors; that therapists symbolise a homogenous middle class to the working class participants; that the cultural capital of the therapist is resisted by the working class client; and that the focus group participants’ constructions of therapy, coupled with the counsellors’ terms of therapeutic engagement when working in Sure Start centres, signal implications for practice. Class, as addressed in this study, indicates it is an issue in primary processing, and confirms its centrality to the therapeutic relationship.
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Soon, Frances. "Change process in brief couple counselling, shifting attributions, affect, and relationship quality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0024/MQ51473.pdf.
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Maximick, Lorna Anne. "The experience of transformation of self as revealed in a counselling relationship." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0009/MQ52800.pdf.
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Ridge, Susan Carol. "#Conscious identification' within the counsellor and its impact upon the counselling relationship." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362693.
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La, Rochelle Jason. "The counselling relationship : effective and ineffective ways of working with Aboriginal clients." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45007.
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This study used the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique (ECIT) to explore what helps or hinders the building of a positive counselling relationship with Aboriginal clients. Interviews with 10 participants produced 201 critical incidents and wish list items. These incidents and wish list items were placed into 13 helping categories, 9 hindering categories, and 5 wish list categories. The following helping categories had the highest participation rates: Culturally Appropriate Knowledge and Methods, Counsellor Focuses on Client Needs, and Appropriate Self-Disclosure. The following hindering categories had the highest participation rates: Counsellor Not Focused on Client Needs, Ineffective Communication Skills, and Cultural Incongruence/Lack of Cultural Knowledge. The top wish list category based on participation rate was the following: the Counsellor Has Knowledge about Aboriginal Culture. Nine credibility checks were performed to ensure validity of the data. The purpose of this study was to provide Aboriginal clients with a voice within counselling psychology research pertaining to helping and hindering aspects of counselling relationship building.
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O'Donovan, Lucy A. "Relationship with theory : a study exploring the impact of theory on the way trainee counselling psychologists make sense of their emotional responses to clients in practice." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/relationship-with-theory(3549b8c5-30fa-460f-b635-a8e81a7e6697).html.
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The theoretical component of professional training for counselling psychologists is recognised, if not assumed, to be important by those in the field. Currently, several models of therapy are taught to trainees, each with its own theoretical approach to understanding and working in the therapeutic setting. This study considered the helpfulness of theory in practice and explored this with the research question ‘how do trainees make sense of their emotional responses to clients in practice, and what is the impact of theory on the way they make sense of this experience’. Twelve counselling psychologists in the final stages of training participated in semi-structured interviews with the researcher. A grounded theory analysis found eight categories in total. The overarching category, ‘the trainee’s relationship with theory’, indicated that theoretical learning was a social process that became incorporated into trainees’ developing professional identities, and that it evolved during the course of their training. The impacts of theory were found to be both helpful and problematic, and identifiable in four categories: ‘theory reveals the trainee’s experience’, ‘theory conceals the trainee’s experience’, ‘theory raises uncertainty in the trainee’, and, ‘the trainee’s inability to perceive the impact of theory’. The remaining three categories ‘the trainee’s personal and professional development’, ‘the nature of the trainee’s relationships’, and ‘relieving the impact of the trainee’s experience’ described factors influencing trainees’ relationship with theory, and the degree to which each impact category was experienced. The research findings open dialogue about: the disadvantages (alongside the advantages) of using one’s reflective practice. These implications are discussed.
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Stavroulaki, Georgia-Maria. "Counselling psychologists' use of self in the therapeutic relationship : the role of narcissism." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2013. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/counselling-psychologists’-use-of-self-in-the-therapeutic-relationship(823358ab-09da-461d-9bfb-ade07ba0e8fc).html.
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This study explores the potential implications of narcissism in the way that Counselling Psychologists relate to themselves and their clients. Narcissism is understood as a situation that affects negatively one’s self-knowledge and ability to engage with others. This research examines therapists’ narcissism as it may manifest in their therapeutic practice and in relation to their ability to be aware of and use effectively the interpersonal dynamics of the therapeutic relationship. The researcher also explores how her own narcissism might appear in her relationships with others and her clients. The investigator chose a heuristic qualitative method as she thought that its focus on intrapersonal and interpersonal processes would help bring to light hidden dimensions of therapists’ narcissism in their practice as they were being reflected in the relationship between the therapists and the researcher. An interest in phenomenology and especially in aspects of dialogue and intersubjectivity, as well as the researcher’s commitment to constructionist epistemology shaped the way the methodology and method were implemented. The sample consisted of nine Counselling Psychologists, who participated in open-ended semi-structured interviews. The selection was based on their interest in the subject. The data collection arose from continuous interactions between participant and researcher as a result of the on-going relationship. The research design followed Moustakas’ (1990) phases of heuristic inquiry: initial engagement, immersion, incubation, illumination, explication and creative synthesis. The data were analysed through self-dialogue as well as the interaction between the researcher and the co-researchers. Drawing on hermeneutics helped the researcher unpack complex meanings about the participants’ experience of the phenomenon. The findings of this research suggest that narcissism manifests as a false, superior persona that serves to cover feelings of insignificance stemming from the early frustration of the individual’s needs for love and attention. Practitioners’ narcissistic needs often appear in their clinical work. Male therapists tend to ask for validation and mirroring from their clients and female therapists tend to deny their needs for admiration and approval behind a selfless facade. Nevertheless, both functions can be found in the same person. Narcissistic needs and vulnerabilities are frequently dissociated, denied and projected onto others, as their acknowledgement possibly causes a great amount of shame. By being open to their narcissism and their hidden needs for love and approval practitioners seem to become more able to reflect and relate openly to themselves and their clients. This increased ability can be associated with what Symington (1993) calls a “reversal” of narcissism. This research suggests that through acknowledging their narcissism and reflecting on their deep and hidden emotions practitioners can more easily engage in an honest and mutual exploration with their clients, which can help them to reach a greater knowledge about themselves. The researcher also found that her own narcissistic vulnerabilities, if unacknowledged can stop her from engaging openly and freely in the relationship with clients. The importance of looking at the therapists’ emotional baggage and commitment to achieve greater interpersonal growth, which is important to the field of Counselling Psychology, is emphasised in this study. Future researchers are encouraged to look at the clients’ perceptions of therapists’ ability to acknowledge their narcissistic vulnerabilities in order to attain a wider knowledge about the phenomenon.
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Mnguni, Maria Annah. "Exploring the relationship between counselling skills and memory work with primary school children." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10262007-095804/.
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Hunt, Kathryn Frances. "An exploration of the experience of loss and its relationship to counselling practice." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3068/.
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The research approach was qualitative, heuristic (Moustakas, 1990) and ethnographic. I emphasised personal and subjective knowledge as essential components of objectivity (Bridgman, 1950). The interview sample was thought to be experienced in loss. Ethnography was chosen as an approach because it bore a close resemblance to the routine ways in which people make sense of their everyday lives. (Hammersley & Atkinson, 1995)The main question was: What do people do when they experience loss? The results challenge prevailing medical theories in that we notice that grief can be life long and not necessarily pathological. Grief is idiosyncratic in nature. Books about the theory of grief speak to us although we are aware of them as simplistic and yet not simple enough to hold our experience. We search for models of loss in an attempt to plot ourselves in the process. We may feel wise and realise that all along we have held the key to our own difficulties in the process of loss. The agency and wisdom of the mourner is not acknowledged in medical models of grief. By interacting in the world we work at grief, when watching TV, reading a novel, involved in a love affair, friendship, putting a photograph in a frame or wallet, listening to music, talking, having sex, walking, being silent, accepting a caress, visiting a place.... The list is endless. All activity provides opportunity and location for grief work. The definition of grief work could be broader. The findings suggest that each of us has a functional grieving self, which is permanent, contains a cumulative store of pain and is ready when needed. It is located in a timeless dimension of the constantly changing, fluid self, a self that is not just intrapersonal but also located in the interpersonal, physical, spiritual and cultural domain.
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Apostolopoulou, Angelika. "A portfolio on the therapeutic relationship, therapeutic ruptures and repairs, and counselling psychology." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16746/.
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The role and impact of a positive therapeutic alliance on psychotherapy outcome has been vastly documented. However, ruptures in the therapeutic alliance are a common phenomenon posing marked challenges on the work of therapists. Although outcome research indicates that rupture-repair processes contribute to an enhancement of the therapeutic relationship, as well as positive treatment outcome, there is a relative lack of qualitative research on the topic. The aim of the current research project was to address this gap by exploring the ways therapists experience, make sense of and repair therapeutic ruptures. Ten semi-structured interviews with counselling psychologists of various therapeutic orientations were conducted, and subsequently analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four superordinate themes emerged from the data: ‘The Threat’, ‘The Struggle’, ‘The Meaning-Making’, and ‘The Resolution’. Ruptures were perceived as threatening to the therapeutic endeavour, and experienced in the form of withdrawal, breakage or misattunement. Participants’ accounts also revealed experiences of heightened struggles in the form of power and control issues, personal and professional dilemmas, as well as negative emotionality. Participating counselling psychologists appeared to make sense of ruptures in relation to intense intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics, personal vulnerabilities, as well as pacing of therapeutic interventions. Unique and idiosyncratic ways of processing ruptures were employed, whilst successful resolution was ultimately experienced as transformational for the therapeutic relationship and outcome, and was perceived as a valuable learning experience for both therapists and clients. Overall, therapeutic ruptures and repairs were conceptualised as fundamentally relational, intersubjective acts, co-created and co-experienced by both members of the therapeutic dyad. The emerged findings are examined in relation to existing literature and, the implications for the research, training, and practice of Counselling Psychology are discussed.
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Taylor-Jones, David. "Being and doing in relationship : person-centred counselling students' experiences during their training." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/64008/.
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This qualitative study explores the experiences of students training in Person-Centred Counselling. The study focuses on students’ perceptions of their relationships with their teachers and peers to develop a better understanding of how these might influence their development during training. Material was collected from a series of semi-structured interviews at the beginning, middle and end of the course. The intention was to develop rich descriptive accounts of individual participants’ perceptions as they developed over their training. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to generate themes from the interviews. To assist the reflective process, participants also completed Strathclyde Inventories. This study illustrates how each student experienced their training as idiosyncratic and complex. Unconditional positive regard was found to be significant to personal development within this context. However, perceptions of this concept and how it was operationalised within the course varied. A lack of unconditional empathic acknowledgement of difference was found to have a potentially shaming and/or painful impact that could negatively affect a student’s sense of self and their engagement with the training. A potentially problematic relationship emerged between a non-directive approach to training and students’ need for direction. The influence of the course’s conceptualisation of congruence on students’ development emerged as a complex and potentially problematic theme. Groupwork emerged as a contentious strategy for personal development. This study highlights the value of open dialogue between teachers and students about a number of specific aspects of the training, including the students’ and the course’s conceptualisation of the approach. The study also raises questions about the value of focusing on a single therapeutic approach early in training. Finally, the study acknowledges that Person-Centred counselling training involves aspects of both doing and being in relationships, the dynamics of which need to be managed sensitively.
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Francis-Smith, C. "Email counselling and the therapeutic relationship : a grounded theory analysis of therapists' experiences." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/24554/.
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Provision of online counselling in its many forms has increased dramatically over the last 10 years, however research findings suggest that many therapists have concerns about whether a therapeutic relationship can be successfully engendered online, particularly given the absence of non-verbal communication cues. To date there is very little research available about the online therapeutic relationship; email counselling was chosen for the current study as through its dearth of non-verbal cues it may deemed most different to face-to-face counselling, and is considered to be the most popularly used mode. The central aim of this study was to explore the accounts of therapists who have worked both face to face and by email about how they construct their experiences of the therapeutic relationship in email counselling. The secondary aim was to co-construct an explanatory grounded theory of the process. The study adopted a constructivist grounded theory methodology (Charmaz, 2010); using an initial purposeful sampling strategy, nineteen participants were recruited to the study and completed an anonymous online qualitative survey; four also took part in semi-structured interviews. A theoretical sampling was then adopted to refine the developing theory; two novice email therapists and four non-email therapists were recruited. Overall there were twenty-five participants, some of whom engaged using more than one media. The basic psychological processes that were co-constructed from the data indicated that many participants found working in the cueless online environment highly challenging and that the resultant anxiety led to several sets of behaviours. Participants described how Experiencing cuelessness i.e. the absence of sensory cues led to an experience of Losing touch in four ways; Loss of interactive factors with the client, Responding with no sensory steer, Losing control of the process and Losing control of the context to the client. This led to a sense of Peering through the looking glass when counselling online; counsellors felt as though they were Fantasising into a void, and Fearing [client] disappearing. Participants also described Worrying about risk and expressed Worrying about Client safety and Fearing exposure due to having a written record and any possible legal or professional ramifications. Further uncertainties were also revealed as participants were led to Questioning computer reliability and Questioning own competence. Consequently participants were left Experiencing anxiety. This anxiety appeared to be managed in a number of ways; participants described Becoming more task orientated (Relying on skills and theory and Taking control of the context), Avoiding difficulties (Minimising the role of the computer and Minimising differences between modalities/ Holding on tight to the known), Overcompensating (Reflecting and perfecting), and Defending the professional self-concept (Protecting by defending expertise and Becoming an expert). The key struggle and therefore core category would seem to lie in participants attempting to apply relational face-to-face skills to the cueless atmosphere of email therapy, the anxiety of which materialised in several avoidant behaviours. The findings from this study provide important insights into therapists’ experience of email counselling and identify a process that could help inform future online therapists, as well as being useful to the online counselling profession as a whole. It is suggested that the email counselling process identified could provide a framework for therapists to reflect on their experiences. Full implications for practice, supervision, training and the psychological profession will be further discussed, in addition to directions for further research.
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Penney, Randy. "Career counselling for offenders : relationship between work personality, learning style and client intervention preferences /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62415.pdf.
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Gallagher, Rebecca. "The relationship between client work and personal and professional development in Counselling Psychology training." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2014. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/708/.
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Personal and professional development activities are a central component of Counselling Psychology training due to regulatory requirements and the high value Counselling Psychology places on the therapist’s "self". Most research on the facilitation of personal and professional development focuses on specific training activities such as personal therapy and personal development groups. However, it is widely acknowledged that personal and professional development are also facilitated by aspects of training and life that are not designed for their facilitation. This research explores the relationship between trainee Counselling Psychologists’ personal and professional development and their client work. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse semi-structured interviews with six final year trainee Counselling Psychologists. Two main findings were identified: firstly, participants were unable to discuss their personal and professional development in relation to client work specifically; personal and professional development were facilitated by the relevance of specific experiences to individuals’ needs and preferences rather than activities having a direct facilitative effect themselves. Secondly, participants did not engage in active personal development work, and this was not explicitly discussed or structured in training. These findings imply that trainees may not develop optimally: as personal and professional development are highly individualised and complex processes, research and training that focuses on specific training activities may fail to interrogate the complexity of why and how personal and professional development are facilitated. Regulatory and ethical implications are discussed alongside existing literature to suggest the beginnings of a personal development curriculum for Counselling Psychology training.
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Cooke, Judy. "An analysis of the development of a lay relationship counselling training programme in Gugulethu." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9704.
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Bibliography : p. 253-267.The principles and policies of primary mental health care and developmental social welfare in South Africa have in common a comprehensive, people-centred, equitable approach to addressing the discriminatory practices of the past in a transforming South Africa (Freeman & Pillay, 1997, White Paper for Social Welfare, 1997). The training and utilization of community members to render front-line services in historically disadvantaged communities has been envisaged as one of the strategies which can help alleviate the situation. The Department of Social Welfare sees a particular role for specialist human service organisations in assisting with the development of appropriate capacity-building programmes for this purpose. This study analyses a training programme in action of one such organisation, FAMSA (Family and Marriage Society of South Africa) W.Cape. The programme involved the initiation of the "Family Foundation", a lay, community-based, volunteer, relationship-counselling service. It is part of FAMSA W.Cape's project to extend its services in Cape Town's townships. It used an adult-learner, experiential training model developed by FAMSA's National Council (1990), which is based on Western therapeutic traditions, into which local training materials and an international developmental perspective were introduced. The chief aims of the study were to examine the appropriateness and effectiveness of the model in the township context, and to draw out of the process of implementation and the participants, new information and theory, to enrich and improve the model. The study therefore falls under the umbrella of community psychology and action research. The researcher held the combined roles of trainer and participant observer during the research period from July 1996 -- July 1998. A qualitative, "grounded theory" methodology was employed (Strauss & Corbin, 1990), in which audiotaped, transcribed data collected from the first group of trainees in group training sessions and semi- structured individual interviews was thematically analysed. The dominant theme related to the crossing and maintaining or creating of boundaries and structures during the implementation process. The role of support in community developmental work which is widely acknowledged as important (Holdsworth, 1994, Sterling & Lazarus, 1995), was another key theme of the study. A third major theme was that of identity construction. Subsidiary themes of culture, language, gender, power, and participation were interwoven with these. Various theoretical perspectives, predominantly the psychodynamic one of the training model, were used to examine them, assess effectiveness of implementation and make recommendations for future practice and policy-making in this area.
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Erixon, Magdalena. "Guds bekräftande blick : en undersökning av anknytning i kristen själavårdslitteratur." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255907.
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This paper is based on Bowlby's attachment theory in the exploration of Christian pastoral care literature. Kirkpatrick and Granqvist account for the majority of previous research on the subject, however, not related to counselling or counselling literature. The selected pastoral literature, which is three books by each author: Liselotte J Andersson and Margareta Melin provide several possible associations with attachment theory. In the process, nonetheless, more literature has been studied than those reported here. This paper aims to investigate whether a relationship with God is given as an attachment relationship of the selected pastoral literature. The questions are divided into a descriptive and analytical one: "In what way are visible extension made of pastoral literature written by J Andersson and Melin?" and "Is God's relationship stated as an attachment relationship in pastoral literature? If yes, in what way?" The method used is controlled theory analysis, which means that attachment theory is the base from which the counselling literature is interpreted. It is an interpretative method whose goal, according Malterud (2014), is to “explore the meaning of the content of social and cultural phenomenon as it is experienced by those involved themselves in their natural context” (s. 31). It's more about understanding than explaining. The conclusion is that God's relationship in several ways is listed as attachment relationship, based on Bowlby's attachment theory.
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Patel, Jasmine. "Trainee counselling psychologists' experiences of working with clients from different ethnic/religious backgrounds to themselves." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trainee-counselling-psychologists-experiences-of-working-with-clients-from-different-ethnicreligious-backgrounds-to-themselves(ff7613e3-439d-4ae3-baff-b2f95fb97c9d).html.
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Background and objectives: Despite the large amount of research around counselling psychology and working with culture, ethnicity and religion, literature has mainly focused on clients' experiences of therapy. We know little about trainee counselling psychologists and how they experience working with clients from different ethnic and/or religious backgrounds. The objective of this study was therefore to explore UK-based trainee counselling psychologists and their experiences of working with clients from different backgrounds and to also explore educational implications trainee counselling psychologists identify when working with clients from different backgrounds. Therefore, following the aim of this study the two research questions, which will be, explored area as follows: 1. How do trainee counsellingpsychologists experience working with clients from different ethnic/religious backgrounds? and 2. What educational implications are identified by trainee counselling psychologists when working with clients from different ethnic/religious backgrounds to themselves? Method and analyses: A qualitative design was used within project. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve UK-based trainee counselling psychologists who had experiences of working with clients from different ethnic/religious backgrounds. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to inform the research and to also produce a coding template, which was used to analyse the findings of this thesis. The interview material was analysed using thematic analysis. Analysis: The findings from the first research question revealed eight major themes, which were extracted from the coding template, these themes included: challenges, exploration, relationship, client's perspective, appropriateness, competency, sense of self and emotional responses. These eight major themes were extracted via the coding template and expanded further as the interviews were analysed. The interviews provided a richer understanding ofthese themes and they are introduced and outlined in depth in turn. Following the first researchquestion, the second research question concentrates on educational implications identified by trainee counselling psychologists. These findings yielded a total of four main themes, which included: course input, practical experience, personal experience and reflectivity. These themes are also outlined and explored further in the discussion of this thesis. Conclusions: The research enabled, for the first time, an insight into trainee counselling psychologists' reported experiences of working with clients therapeutically who were from different ethnic/religious backgrounds. Some trainee counselling psychologists reported that rather than working with clients from different backgrounds, working with clients from similar backgrounds posed to be quite difficult as well. More importantly, the idea of reflectivity and personal growth were key elements identified when working with differences in therapy. Trainees expressed that their own sense of self and personal development were key factors when working with clients from different backgrounds. The Discussion of this thesis further expanded on the findings relevant in this thesis. Finally, the Conclusion explored the implications for counselling psychology and education, additionally future considerations for research are also mentioned.
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Moriarty, Catherine. "Exploring trust and the relational experiences of male clients within counselling for childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2017. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/exploring-trust-and-the-relational-experiences-of-male-clients-within-counselling-for-childhood-sexual-abuse(311232f1-f097-460b-81f0-eed67d63e930).html.
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Among the many researched outcomes of childhood sexual abuse (‘CSA’), relational difficulties have been well documented. However, male CSA survivors may experience several outcomes that are unique to their gendered experience and yet remain largely under-represented in the literature. A gap was identified in the research around the experience of the male survivor in therapy for childhood sexual abuse, particularly where it relates to relationship building. Therefore the research aimed to explore this from the perspective of the survivors, with a focus on trust within the therapeutic relationship. To achieve this, the researcher interviewed 6 male survivors of sexual abuse, all of whom had greater than one years’ experience in a therapy that focused on their abuse. The researcher adopted a semi-structured interview format which facilitates partial guidance by the new data introduced by the participant. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenal analysis with a consistent curiosity stance that allowed the researcher to partially bracket their prior knowledge. The analysis resulted in four master themes emerging; i) Finding and Connecting; ii) Negotiating Masculine identity, iii) Accepting and Committing to the process; and iv) Trust. Findings highlighted the necessity of reducing epistemic vigilance in the early relationship and the importance of negotiating power dynamics with support for challenge by the client in order to facilitate trust. The experience of masculine social expectations in a male CSA survivor is explored with regards to the trust relationship and an unexpected finding was made in the importance of group work. These findings were linked to previous research in the area of male CSA, recommendations are made for future research and implications for practitioners were explored.
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Christopoulou, Aria. "A counselling psychology perspective on in-patient settings : considering the relationship of care and depression." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20756/.
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Objectives: The way services users understand and relate to the care provided to them is a very important element of their recovery. Qualitative and quantitative studies have focused on psychiatric hospitalisation, from both service user and staff perspectives, mainly from the nursing discipline. However, less is known about the experience of being cared for by others during psychiatric hospitalisation. This study aims to explore the experience of care through a psychologically informed understanding of this experience, so as to elicit themes that have relevance to depression and caring as a result of the care-receiving experience. This study’s unique contribution is that it focuses on the more fundamentally humane phenomenon of “being looked after”. Therefore the objective of this study is to explore the experience of depressed service users being cared for by others (i.e. mental health care professionals) within in-patient psychiatric settings, in order to throw light on the important link between care and depression and so understand the involvement of the care component of hospitalisation on the depressive experience. It is hoped this will contribute to the provision of appropriate services for these individuals. Method: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight in-patients who had been diagnosed with, and were undergoing treatment for, depression. Verbatim transcripts of the interviews were then analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: The analysis produced three master themes: ‘containment’; ‘attached’; ‘arrested temporality’. A description of these master themes and the related subordinate themes is presented. Conclusion: The results of the analysis are considered in light of existing theory and their clinical implications. The clinical implications of the findings, such as the need to maintain connections with family, foster supportive relationships within the ward environment, understand attachment patterns to the mental health system and temporal idleness within units highlight the need to prioritise the service-user perspective in clinical settings and future research.
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Havenga, Marica. "The relationship between career adaptability and academic achievement in the course of life design counselling." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27244.
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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the relationship between top academic achievement in Grade 12 and certain characteristics of career adaptability. The career construction theory and the counselling model for life designing constituted the theoretical framework for the study. This research study of limited scope was conducted according to an interpretivist metatheoretical paradigm. I followed a qualitative methodological paradigm based on a case study design. Purposive sampling was used to select participants according to their top academic achievement. A very important factor in all case studies is the collection of data from multiple sources. Therefore, data collection methods included the Career Adapt-Abilities Inventory, individual interviews, life line and life story. A deductive style of analysis was used to identify themes (concern, control, curiosity, confidence). Inductive analysis was used to identify subthemes. Based on the findings of the study the salient aspects of career adaptability were established as being concern, control, curiosity and confidence. The importance of career adaptability when negotiating change was demonstrated by participants in their orientation and preparation for the future, making decisions after careful planning and exploration, and seeking information, as well as having confidence in their own ability and choices. Finally the findings of my research study suggest a significant relationship between Grade 12 top academic achievement and certain characteristics of career adaptability. Additionally findings suggest that other variables such as participation in extracurricular activities, gender, race and socioeconomic circumstances should not be excluded and therefore need to be investigated further. CopyrightDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
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Bouma, Ruth Olivia, and n/a. "Prevention of Relationship and Alcohol Problems." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040322.092510.
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There is a strong association between alcohol and relationship problems, with each problem exacerbating the other. In this program of research two studies were conducted. The first study was to investigate the variables that put couples at risk for developing a combination of relationship and alcohol problems. The second study was an evaluation of the effects of an integrated education program that promoted safe drinking and positive relationship interaction. Previous research shows that deficits in negative affect regulation and poor communication predict the onset of both relationship and alcohol problems. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized that deficits in communication exist in couples in which one or both partners drink at hazardous levels. In Study 1 communication of 85 couples (53 couples with no high-risk drinker and 32 couples with at least one at-risk drinker) in early stage committed relationships was assessed by observation of their interaction. Couples in which the man was drinking at hazardous levels had significantly more negative communication than couples without an at-risk drinker. In Study 2, 37 couples with at least one at-risk drinker were randomly assigned to either Controlling Alcohol and Relationship Enhancement (CARE) or a control condition. Couple communication, alcohol consumption, relationship satisfaction and relationship stability were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Alcohol consumption, relationship satisfaction and relationship stability were also assessed at 6-month follow-up. Couples receiving CARE improved their communication significantly relative to the control couples. Couples in both conditions showed significant reductions in hazardous drinking, but there was no significant difference in the effects of the interventions on alcohol consumption. The program of research demonstrates that deficits in couple communication are evident in couples with hazardous male drinking, even in the early stage of the relationship when the couples report high relationship satisfaction. The communication deficits are remedied with brief, skill-training relationship education. Furthermore, there was evidence for the effects of CARE on reduction of steps towards relationship dissolution at 6-month follow-up. The brief alcohol component of the intervention showed little benefit beyond the control condition in terms of impact upon the alcohol problems. This research is the first to demonstrate that a combined program of skill-based relationship education and strategies for alcohol reduction is effective in remediating communication skills deficits in the early stage relationships of couples with hazardous alcohol consumption. Future research can extend this work to enable the development of programs which match the content of relationship education to the specific needs of other high-risk couples.
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Law, Ping Zion. "The relationship of client-counsellor similarity in locus of control and attributional style to continuation in counselling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29654051.
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Smaga, Maria. "The relationship between pre-therapy adult attachment style and the quality of early working alliance in counselling." Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3720/.
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The present study explored the associations between the adult attachment style of the client, and client ratings of the early working alliance in counselling, and whether characteristics of attachment style (i.e., dominant and grouped attachment style and degree of insecurity) were able to predict clients' appraisal of the early working alliance. A total of 31 counselling clients aged between 24 and 57 (M=37.50, S!D=9.50) were interviewed to determine their attachment style via the Attachment Style Interview (AST). Participants provided a rating of their perceptions of the therapeutic alliance after the third counselling session via the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI). Five hypotheses and two further exploratory questions were examined. Securely attached participants had significantly higher ratings of the early working alliance than those with insecure attachment style, who rated the working alliance progressively lower the greater their degree of insecurity. Correlation analyses that included variables from the WAI and ASI showed significant positive correlations between "secure" attachment style and WAI subscales, and negative correlations between the "anxious" grouped attachment style and the WAI subscales. Likewise, "angry-dismissive" attachment dominant style was negatively correlated with WAI subscales. Participants' "ability to make and maintain relationships" was negatively correlated with all subscales of the WAI. Of the attachment attitudes, "desire for company" was negatively correlated, and "constrains to closeness" and "mistrust" were positively correlated with WAI global. The predictive utility of attachment style groupings and characteristics was examined using stepwise regression analysis, with WAI global scores as the dependent variable. Knowing whether or not an individual was securely or insecurely attached (grouped security type) was able to predict 19% of the variance in WAI scores. If a participant was insecure, knowing whether or not they were "angry-dismissive" was able to account for a further 12% of the variance. The results show ASI would appear to be a useful instrument of adult attachment style that is recommended for future research and clinical practice. Limitations and opportunities for further research are discussed, specifically the need for purposive sampling to explore differences between attachment styles in more depth, and the need to account for therapist competence and treatment framework as potential moderating variables.
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Harrison, Maxine. "Counselling psychologists' perception, understanding and experience of client dependency within the overall therapeutic relationship and its impact on the therapeutic process." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2011. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/counselling-psychologists-perception-understanding-and-experience-of-client-dependency-within-the-overall-therapeutic-relationship-and-its-impact-on-the-therapeutic-process(dbc0bb4d-854a-4832-b6ab-a42b2e300b2d).html.
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The aim of the research was to examine how Counselling Psychologists perceive dependency in their clients and also how they experience the phenomenon in their therapeutic practice. Research suggests that dependency is relevant to the formation and continuance of relationships and that it can influence the strength and quality of those relationships and as such has a role in therapeutic relationships. Open-ended semistructured interviews were conducted with 8 Counselling psychologists with in excess of 5 years experience. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. 4 master themes were identified. ‘The therapeutic relationship as the context for dependency’ was consistent with existing literature on the importance of the therapeutic relationship. Participants were generally resistant to clients becoming dependent on them and maintained firm boundaries to avoid it and believed that greater experience made it easier to work with dependency. Participants’ reluctance to approach dependency issues was consistent with western societal values that seem to reject vulnerability and neediness. Significant for training and practice was the theme ‘feelings engendered by dependency’, with challenging reactions to dependency rarely being discussed in training or supervision and for which there is little professional support. The theme ‘impact of the theoretical approach and environment on dependency’ suggests that longer term therapy, such as psychodynamic approaches, encourage an over reliance on the therapist. The fourth theme ‘power’, indicated that participants recognised the influence of power in therapy and in general felt empowerment was an appropriate therapeutic goal.
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Budaza, Thokozile. "The relationship between self-esteem and uptake of HIV counselling and testing among young women in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6890.
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Magister Public Health - MPHHigh HIV incidence among young women is a global public health concern with the potential for a huge impact on their lives. Several interventions have been identified to help reduce HIV incidence among young women, including HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT). Lack of knowledge of HIV status is a major barrier to HIV prevention, care and treatment efforts. Therefore, HCT uptake among young women needs to be up-scaled. Early detection and treatment can help cushion the impact of AIDS on the lives of young women. There are various factors that negatively influence young women’s HCT uptake, including psychosocial characteristics. Studies have linked self-esteem to HCT and high levels of HIV risk behaviour practices among young women. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-esteem and HCT uptake among young women (16 to 24 years) in South Africa using data from the 2012, Third National HIV Communication Survey (NCS). This was a quantitative secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2012 NCS. The participants of this study were young women (n =1922) from all provinces in South Africa. The independent variable was self-esteem and the dependent variable was ever testing for HIV and testing in the last 12 months, with a number of socio-demographic characteristics as covariates. Data was analysed using STATA statistical software (version 13.0, STATA Corp., College Station Texas, USA). Socio-demographic characteristics were described through descriptive statistics. The relationship between independent variables and HIV testing was analysed with Chi-squared tests of association. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between self-esteem and HCT uptake when controlling for confounders.
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Gilley, Elizabeth. "An examination of the relationship between working alliance and outcome in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Counselling for Depression." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19784/.
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Woodfield, Melanie Joslyn. "Exploring the relationship between family involvement and outcome in residential interventions for children." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3193.
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Family participation in residential interventions for children has been reliably shown to enhance children’s adaptation to the community following discharge. This finding, however, had predominantly been observed in long-term residential programmes in North America. This thesis examines the influence of family involvement on outcome for children in a short-term residential intervention - the Children’s Health Camp, in Auckland, New Zealand. This service offers children and families, who may be experiencing social, emotional, physical and/or behavioural challenges, individualised interventions that often include a five-week residential stay. A ‘high family involvement’ condition, a community-based programme that followed a residential intervention, was compared with a ‘low family involvement’ condition (the traditional residential programme). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups on parent-report measures of child behaviour and parenting practices, although significant improvements in children’s behaviour (including emotional, social and conduct aspects) for both groups were found. Reasons for the lack of difference between the groups, and the difficulties inherent in conducting outcome research in a residential facility for children are highlighted. Other influences on outcome for children and families, such as residential staff members’ attitudes toward family involvement were also examined. The optimal conditions for successful short-term residential interventions for children are proposed.
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Morgan, Hannah. "The experiences of birth relatives who engage in person-centred counselling following the loss of their children to compulsory adoption or foster care." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21096.
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This study was concerned with exploring the meaning birth relatives gave their experiences of counselling following the removal of their children from their care. An exploratory research question was formulated and addressed using a qualitative approach. The involvement of a service user as expert supervisor added an important element and certain validity to the design, analysis and findings. Interviews took place with five birth mothers who had received counselling from one birth relatives counselling service. Three master themes were constructed from the data: From feeling alone, judged and let down to feeling part of a special relationship; "The healing process"; and "My children are my world".
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Lalos, Ann. "Psychological and social aspects of tubal infertility : a longitudinal study of infertile women and their men." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46966.
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All thirty women who were to undergo microsurgical treatment for tubal infertility in 1981 and their men were investigated. Over a period of 2 years four interviews were performed with the women and two with their men. A questionnaire, semistructured interviews, symptom checklist and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were used. During this longitudinal study the couples' background, current situation and emotional and social impact of the infertility problem were investigated. The psychological and social effects of the medical investigation and treatment have been described. Expectations and hopes about the future after unsuccessful surgical treatment and the need of professional psychosocial counselling have been noted. Furthermore, the extent of psychological reactions compatible with a crisis pattern has been identified and classified. Finally, overt motives for having a child have been studied. The infertile couples generally did not differ with respect to psychosocial background, current life situation, psychiatric anamnesis or personality characteristics when compared with apparently normal reference groups. Several deleterious emotional and social effects of the infertility were found both before and 2 years after the surgical treatment. The women admitted to suffering such effects more frequently than the men. The partners' feeling for each other were getting worse 2 years after the operation. There was also a tendency to a deterioration in opinions about marital relationships. Most of the mental symptoms recorded could be classified in terms of depression, guilt and isolation, which all are parts of the reactive phase of the common crisis pattern. The crisis of infertility, however, differs from the common traumatic crisis; it is more prolonged and there are often repeated crisis reactions. Negative effects on the couples' sexual life were reported by all individuals. The medical investigation and surgical treatment of infertility influenced the couples' mutual relationship and sexual life negatively. Intrapsychic and interpersonal motives of childwish were dominant among both women and men. A central motive was that a child is an ultimate expression of love between a man and a woman. The motives of the infertile couples generally did not differ from those of the reference groups. Most of the couples had difficulty in working their way through and finding a solution to their infertility problem by their own means. Relatives and friends failed to fulfil a supportive function. The importance of having the possibility of professional psychosocial counselling and support parallel with the investigation and treatment were stressed by all participants.digitalisering@umu
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Higley, Nickee. "A portfolio of academic, therapeutic practice and research work - including an investigation entitled : Our connection to the earth - a neglected relationship in counselling psychology." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507080.
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Mitchell, William Lorne. "Toward an alternate mode of discourse for the pastoral counselling relationship in light of the process pastoral theology of Larry Kent Graham and the narrative therapy of Michael White." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ52209.pdf.
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Vincent, Richard. "A portfolio of academic, therapeutic practice and research work including an investigation into the role of technology within the therapeutic relationship using discursive and phenomenological studies of text-based online counselling for problem gambling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600162.
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This portfolio contains a selection of the work completed and submitted for the Practitioner Doctorate in Psychotherapeutic and Counselling Psychology at the University of Surrey. It is structured in three sections called dossiers. The academic dossier contains three academic essays. The first is on the concepts of containment, engagement and psychological mindedness. The second considers a presenting problem called depersonalisation from a psychodynamic perspective. The third essay considers interpersonal processes and CBT. The second dossier relates to my clinical work and includes a description of the three clinical placements I undertook during the course. It also includes the final clinical paper which explains bow I have come to understand the relationship of theory, research and practice. The third dossier relates to the research conducted whilst on the course. My research area is the role of technology within the therapeutic relationship. There is a broad literature review on the role of technology within the therapeutic relationship. There then follows a discursive study on the sessions of text-based online counselling for 'problem gamblers'. Finally, there is an interpretative phenomenological analysis study on the experience of five counsellors who were purposively recruited from a charity that provides text-based counselling for 'problem gamblers'.
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Hart, Nicola Margaret Tessa. "Power, relationships and ethics in counselling psychology." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7655/.
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Introduction This portfolio focuses on the issues of power and ethics within relationship in the practice of counselling psychology. The impetus behind the work came from a desire to acknowledge that power is part of all relationships and as the practice of counselling psychology is based on relationship it would be interesting to explore the impact of the power dynamic within three different types of relationship contexts. The aim of the work is to explore relationships within counselling psychology in terms of power dynamics and consider the ethical issues and challenges that these may raise for counselling psychologists. The portfolio includes an exploration of three types of relationship that counselling psychologists are typically engaged with; the therapeutic relationship with the client, the supervisory relationship with the supervisee and the research relationship with the research participant. Each type of relationship is examined with a view to identifying how power is exercised and perceived and what challenges this raises for counselling psychologists in terms of ethical issues. Section A: Preface In the preface I firstly provide a summary of my career history to date and secondly an overview of the other three sections included in the portfolio. It is my aim to show consistency across the areas of my research and their relevance to the profession of counselling psychology. Section B: Research: An exploration of the dynamics of power within a therapeutic relationship. Section B comprises a report on a study into the dynamics of power within a therapeutic relationship. The purpose of the study was to identify strategies used within therapeutic discourse to manage the therapeutic relationship with particular reference to the dynamic of power. The study uses a micro-analytical technique to analyse the interaction between the therapist and client in one twenty minute film clip from a therapy session conducted by Dr Carl Rogers. The conclusions of the study suggest that communication between therapist and client occurs on a number of levels and serves a number of functions. One of these functions is to manage the power dynamic within the relationship. The methodology used in this study proves a useful tool for counselling psychologists to study process aspects of psychotherapy and the theoretical base in critical theory, post-modern philosophy and linguistics offers an additional body of knowledge which may enlighten our understanding of the therapeutic process. Section C Case work: Reflections on clinical supervision: an analysis of the supervisory relationship with three supervisees. Section C provides an analysis of three supervisory relationships experienced in my role as a clinical supervisor. This section continues the theme of relationship and explores the way in which counselling psychologists may function as supervisors within their professional context. Although there are many models of supervision within the literature, few of these are specifically relevant to counselling psychology. Supervision is a process with enormous influence in the training of professional therapists and it may be the case that as counselling psychologists we need to consider our responsibilities as supervisors in the development of the profession. Section D Critical Review of the Literature: Ethical Issues in interview based qualitative research in counselling psychology Section D concludes the portfolio with a literature review on ethical issues in qualitative research in counselling psychology, again highlighting the importance of relationship. This review focuses on the overlap between research and practice in counselling psychology. As scientist-practitioners counselling psychologists base their practice on research findings and in recent years there has been a growth in the use of qualitative methodologies within therapeutic research. In particular the qualitative interview has many similarities with a therapeutic interview and much of the literature reviewed presents this as a positive parallel. The review explores the similarities and differences between therapeutic and research relationships and the ethics of fading the boundary between the two.
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Clavijo, Maya. "SKOLKURATORER, MAKT OCH RELATIONER MELLAN BARN OCH VUXNA - EN STUDIE OM SOCIALT ARBETE I EN SKOLKONTEXT." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26796.
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A qualitative study on school counsellors´ perspectives on relationship-based social work in a school context. The purpose of the study is to provide insight into the school counsellors thoughts about relationship-based social work with children and youths. Furthermore, the purpose is to shed light on the social workers thoughts on the power relationship between children and adults and its importance for their social work in a school context. The study is based on four school counsellors, and their perspective on their practical work with children and youths was used to answer the purpose of this study. The results of the study show how the school counsellors are suggesting that relationships are a fundamental component of a functioning social work. The results also show that the school counsellors try to compensate for the inequalities that exist between children and adults. The school counsellors have several strategies to empower the children and youths they meet. The results also show how the school counsellors experience their work as very complex as they see school as a compulsory, normative and non-democratic organisation which they dissociate themselves from.
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Stuart-Smith, Trish, and n/a. "The effect of systemic-based counselling on client perceptions of conflict." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.105126.
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Conflict in marital relationships affects couple intimacy and satisfaction impacting on
the couple system, the family system and wider social systems. Negative conflict is
associated with breakdown in intimacy, marital dissatisfaction, and is seen to be a
prominent cause of marital failure. As conflict is a process, it has the possibility of
change and development over time, including moving towards a process whereby
disagreements can be worked out with mutually acceptable solutions.
Theoretical frameworks for conflict and marital counselling were reviewed and the
systems-interactionist theory and a systemic-based counselling approach chosen for the
purposes of this study. It was hypothesised that a systemic-based counselling approach
would lower the levels of conflict occurring within a marital relationship. The principal
objective of this study was to provide a more rigorous investigation than previous
studies of client perceptions of the effectiveness of a systems-based counselling
approach for marital counselling.
Three case studies were conducted, with embedded units of analysis, within the context
of a therapeutic process which drew on current theories of systemic counselling.
Conflict was measured and operationalised as overt behavioural conflict,
communication of negative affect, frequency of disagreements, intensity of
disagreements, desire to change the other partner, the desire for change, and evidence of,
and frequency of, positive conflict.
As the study was based on the client's perceptions of change, multi-methods of selfreports
were employed. As none of the known measurements met the needs of this
study, a questionnaire known as the QCR was devised specifically for the pre- and posttests.
The QCR was designed to measure: any increase or decrease in positive conflict;
changes to both the intensity and frequency in negative conflict; and perceptions of the
desire for change.
The effectiveness of the counselling approach was measured by comparing the results of
the pre-and post-tests with the continual self-reports and the self-reports at the long term
follow-up interviews. An analysis of the self-reports focus on: the desire for change; the
effectiveness of a systems based counselling approach in lowering negative conflict; and
the usefulness of the QCR and other tools as measures.
The systems-based-counselling approach, proved from the clients' perspective, to be:
highly effective in case one; mostly effective in case two; and ineffective in case three as
one partner aborted the counselling process. The systems-based-counselling approach
had variable success in decreasing the intensity of negative conflict but was mostly
successful in decreasing the frequency of negative conflict. This approach was not
largely successful in reporting an increase in the frequency of positive conflict.
The study revealed evidence of a relationship between commitment to the marital
relationship and negative conflict. It also adds to the debate about the appropriateness
of a systems-based counselling approach in violent relationships.
In judging the clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of the systems-based counselling
approach multi-measurements employed including the lengthy recording of the
therapeutic sessions. It is claimed that this thesis offers a more rigorous methodology
than anecdotal evidence previously used in the reporting of systemic counselling cases.
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Nell, Erika. "The Effects of a DVD counselling programme in preventing the breakdown of a partner relationships of Master's students in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/680.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2010.The Clinical Psychology training program at the University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus) is based on the theoretical paradigm of General Systems Theory. The functioning of systems in terms of patterns, structure, organization and relationships can therefore also be applied to the trainee and his/her partner relationship system which is characterized by circular patterns of interaction. Ernst (2008) states that within the context of General Systems theory it became evident that the trainee does not function in isolation but as part of a system. The trainee undergoes significant changes throughout the training year if training is effective and this in turn may also impact on the trainee's partner relationship. This investigation was done to establish the effect of a DVD Counselling Programme on the partner-relationship of the trainee in Clinical Psychology with his/her partner/spouse. This is done in order to provide feedback to the trainers of the Clinical Psychology training at Medunsa. This may also possibly assist in establishing a more scientifically founded aid for the trainees in Msc. Clinical Psychology and their partners/spouses. It was a qualitative research project, in which person centered interviews were held with participants and thematically analyzed by three independent clinicians. The entire research project and findings are contextualized in accordance with General Systems Theory. The results indicated that the DVD had a moderate effect on 4/6 of the sample population that reported that their relationship improved in respect of the nature and quality based on mutual understanding, emotional closeness, obtaining of relational skills, effective communication and awareness regarding the impact of the training year on their relationship. The impact of the DVD was somewhat limited in that not all the participants watched it and the manner iIi which some of the trainees approached their partners/spouses, which may have had an effect on how the DVD is received and experienced.
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Gabriel, Lynne. "Speaking the unspeakable : dual relationships in counselling and psychotherapy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431874.
Full text
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Russell, Janice Marian. "Accomplishing intimacy : self and relationships in the counselling context." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1714/.
Full text
47
Starnawski, Zoe. "Relationships, psychological distress and stigma : a counselling psychology perspective." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14556/.
Full textAbstract:
Research indicates that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can have a negative impact on various areas of life, including interpersonal relationships, productivity and emotional well-being. Existing research in the area of PMS is largely quantitative and has been conducted using a positivist framework; the few qualitative studies undertaken have examined women’s individual experiences of PMS. Further, studies highlighting the relational impact of PMS have largely focused on marriage quality and have employed quantitative methods. These studies have investigated relational experiences of PMS from an individual perspective, or have looked at non-heterosexual relationship contexts, including lesbian relationships. Little attention has been paid to examining in depth, the relational experiences of heterosexual couples who experience PMS. The current study, therefore, aims to provide insight into the lived experiences of PMS among heterosexual couples by taking a qualitative approach. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to explore the experiences of seven couples (14 participants) who either identified themselves or their partner as suffering from PMS. Semi-structured joint interviews were undertaken, in which the experiences of couples living together with PMS were discussed. The interviews were analysed using IPA and three superordinate themes emerged from the data: (1) The “curse” of PMS; (2) Connection and disconnection: the importance of communication and intimacy; and (3) Beyond the couple: social influences on the relationship. These themes support the conceptualisation of PMS as an overwhelming emotional experience that leads to confusion and isolation within the couple. It can also be seen as creating difficulties in communication, empathy and intimacy, which are reinforced by the social norms and stigma surrounding PMS. The current study aims to give a detailed relational account of PMS, which can be argued is missing from the existing literature. A perceived limitation of this study is its reliance on the joint accounts of a small sample of self-selecting cohabitating heterosexual couples. This could lead to various other couple relationships being excluded from the study. Nevertheless, the importance of the current findings and the implications for future research are discussed and suggestions for the clinical practice of counselling psychology are highlighted.
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Taylor, Angela Moyna. "Parental attachment and adjustment to college for adolescent students in further education." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265970.
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Bruce, Sherri A. "First Nations protocol, ensuring strong counselling relationships with First Nations clients." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ37332.pdf.
Full text
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Epperson, Sidney Reins. "Models of Consultation, Referral Problems and the Perceived Effectiveness of Parent and Teacher Consultation." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501027/.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the school psychologist's perception of effective models of consultation based upon referral problem and parent, teacher, and student response to treatment. Analyses of covariance determined that (a) parents' receptivity and total number of teacher contacts significantly influenced the parents' response to treatment; (b) teacher receptivity and total number of parent contacts significantly affected teachers' response to treatment; (c) students' response to treatment was significantly affected by the model of teacher consultation and the average number of minutes spent with the school psychologists; and (d) students in a Mental Health consultation group responded significantly more favorably than s tudents in Behavioral or Collaborative consultation groups.