Journal articles on the topic 'Relationship coffees'
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Rao, Niny Z., Megan Fuller, and Meghan D. Grim. "Physiochemical Characteristics of Hot and Cold Brew Coffee Chemistry: The Effects of Roast Level and Brewing Temperature on Compound Extraction." Foods 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070902.
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The role of roasting in cold brew coffee chemistry is poorly understood. The brewing temperature influences extraction processes and may have varying effects across the roast spectrum. To understand the relationship between brew temperature and roast temperature, hot and cold brew coffees were prepared from Arabica Columbian coffee beans roasted to light, medium, and dark levels. Chemical and physical parameters were measured to investigate the relationships among degree of roast, water temperature, and key characteristics of resulting coffees. Cold brew coffees showed differential extraction marked by decreased acidity, lower concentration of browned compounds, and fewer TDS indicating that cold water brewing extracts some compounds less effectively than hot water brewing. Compounds in coffee did exhibit sensitivity to degree of roast, with darker roasts resulting in decreased concentrations for both hot and cold brew coffees. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was only sensitive to degree of roast in cold brew coffees, while hot brew coffees had a constant TAC for all three roast levels. This indicates that the solid bean matrix and its chemical constituents interact with cold water differently than with hot water. Surface wetting, pore dynamics, and solubility all contribute to the extraction potential during brewing and are all functions of water temperature.
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Happyana, Nizar, Amelinda Pratiwi, and Euis Holisotan Hakim. "Metabolite Profiles of the Green Beans of Indonesian Arabica Coffee Varieties." International Journal of Food Science 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5782578.
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The green beans of 3 Indonesian arabica coffee varieties, namely, ateng, buhun, and sigararutang, were analyzed with 1H NMR-based metabolomics coupled with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay. These coffees were cultivated in the same geographical conditions. The PLSDA model successfully classified the green coffee beans based on their varieties. To reveal the characteristic metabolites for each coffee variety, S-plot of two-class OPLSDA models was generated and analyzed. Ateng coffee was characterized with trigonelline, sucrose, 5-CQA, and acetic acid. The characteristic metabolites of buhun coffee were citric acid and malic acid. Meanwhile, the most discriminant compound of sigararutang coffee was quinic acid. HCA analysis revealed the lineage relationship of the 3 coffee varieties. Ateng coffee had closer lineage relationship to sigararutang compared to the buhun coffee. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the coffee samples did not differ widely. I C 50 values of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ateng, sigararutang, and buhun coffees were 3.01 ± 0.16 , 3.14 ± 0.20 , and 5.05 ± 0.28 mg/mL, respectively. Although grown in the same geographical conditions, our results revealed that each coffee variety possessed a unique metabolome clarifying the diversity of Indonesian arabica coffees. This study verified that 1H NMR-based metabolomics is an excellence method for discovering the lineage relationship in the samples with different varieties or cultivars.
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Alemayehu Tassew, Addis, Gezahegn Berecha Yadessa, Adugna Debela Bote, and Taye Kufa Obso. "The Coffee Processing Method Had a More Pronounced Effect than Location and Production Systems on the Overall Quality of Kaffa Biosphere Reserve Coffees." International Journal of Agronomy 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9913578.
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A comprehensive examination of the physical and cup quality of Kafa Biosphere Reserve coffees was essential to identify the inherent qualities of the coffees in connection with the area’s soil physical and chemical characteristics. As a result, preliminary coffee quality data was acquired from bean physical and cup quality examination of coffees derived through a three-stage nested design combining districts (Gimbo, Gawata, and Decha), coffee production systems (forest, semiforest, and garden), and coffee processing methods (wet, semiwet, and dry). Representative soil samples were collected according to the sampling structure and analyzed following the standard procedures. Multiple factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were applied to the collected data. According to the results of multiple factor analysis, the Gimbo and Decha districts are not significantly different from each other in terms of coffee quality. However, they are substantially different from the Gawata district in terms of coffee quality. Similarly, within each district, there are no clear differences in coffee production systems. However, the production systems of districts varied significantly. The coffee processing method had a pronounced effect on the overall quality and preliminary grade, physical and raw quality variables of coffee. Screen retention (14) was correlated with soil iron, but it was related negatively to boron and sodium contents. A significant and positive relationship was observed between green coffee bean moisture content and soil potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, sodium, organic carbon, silicon content, and soil pH. A positive and significant relationship between soil molybdenum and the coffee quality variable was observed across the studied districts whereas most soil micronutrients, specifically, zinc, sulfur, and manganese, were significantly and negatively related to the organoleptic qualities of the coffees. Further investigation that includes the effects of elevation is recommended in future studies.
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Louzada Pereira, Lucas, Rogério Carvalho Guarçoni, Gustavo Soares de Souza, Dério Brioschi Junior, Taís Rizzo Moreira, and Carla Schwengber ten Caten. "Propositions on the Optimal Number of Q-Graders and R-Graders." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3285452.
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Sensory analysis or cup testing has been widely used in the coffee production chain for the validation of final quality. The tasters are responsible for defining the patterns and qualitative profiles of the drink based on the sensorial analysis and according to their gustatory sensibilities, which are often acquired by professional experience. However, the literature has not discussed in detail the relationship between the number of tasters and the consistency of sensorial analysis. Thus, using the bootstrap simulation methodology to estimate the optimum plot size, this study quantifies and proposes a specific number of tasters for the process of sensorial analysis of specialty coffees. The results indicate that the use of 6 tasters is sufficient to conduct sensorial analysis following SCA and BSCA protocol for coffees in the Arabica group, as well as 6 tasters for coil and Conilon coffees. From this number, no gains in precision are observed in the process of sensorial analysis of coffee with addition tasters.
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Budi, I. Made, and Arsyam Mawardi. "Identifikasi Molekular Kekerabatan Genetik Kopi Wamena Berbasis Marka Random Amplified of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.1322.
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Baliem Coffee or Wamena Arabica Coffee is classified as a specialty coffee that has a distinctive aroma and taste as one of the world's best coffees. Wamena coffee has a high commercial value, there are many advantages of Wamena coffee. Growing on a variety of soil types, elevation, coffee variety, and durable. The quality of Wamena coffee must be maintained by the local government. However, this elite coffee germplasm is threatened with extinction and is in a dangerous situation due to habitat destruction due to forest clearing, land use change and the potential for competition with various disease-resistant varieties. This study aims to identify molecularly the genetic relationship of Wamena Arabica coffee in Jayawijaya district with the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers as molecular markers. The stages in this study were sample collection, morphological observations, genomic DNA extracted using the CTAB method, gene amplification process using PCR-RAPD molecular markers with ten primers, measurement of DNA concentration using a spectrophotometer, and data analysis using UPGMA NTSYS version 2.1. The electroferogram results showed that pRAPD1, pRAPD2 and pRAPD5 primers produced a band pattern with high polymorphism as well as indicating the genetic diversity of the Coffea arabica L. arabica coffee samples tested. Based on the dendogram construction analysis, the arabica coffee sample Coffea arabica L. which was tested on 5 coffee genotypes, obtained 2 coffee groups, namely Group 1 consisting of one variety, namely sample (V) Arabica Typica from the Assolokobal area. Group 2 with four varieties, namely samples (I) Arabica Catimor, (II) USDA, (III) Arabica PM 88, and (IV) Arabica Linies 795, from Wollo. Phylogenetic tree construction resulted in a similarity coefficient of 83%, indicating the high relationship between Arabica coffee populations. The results of this study have obtained a genetic fingerprint profile of wamena specialty arabica coffee, namely its genetic relationship. The superiority of the genetic composition of Wamena coffee in Jayawijaya district in the future has the potential to be derived through much more advanced molecular technology.
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Fl aacute vio, M. Bor eacute m., P. Figueiredo Luisa, C. Ribeiro Fabiana, H. S. Taveira Jos eacute, S. Giomo Gerson, and J. G. Salva Terezinha. "The relationship between organic acids, sucrose and the quality of specialty coffees." African Journal of Agricultural Research 11, no. 8 (February 25, 2016): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2015.10569.
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Velásquez, Sofía, Carlos Banchón, Willian Chilán, and José Guerrero-Casado. "Effect of Three Post-Harvest Methods at Different Altitudes on the Organoleptic Quality of C. canephora Coffee." Beverages 8, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages8040083.
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C. canephora (syn. C. robusta) is distinctive due to its rising industrial value and pathogen resistance. Both altitude and post-harvest methods influence coffee cup quality; however, modest information is known about this coffee species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between four different altitudes and post-harvest processes (dry, honey, and wet) to the improvement of the organoleptic quality of the C. canephora congolensis and conilon drink. For dry processing, congolensis and conilon showed the lowest scores in terms of fragrance/aroma, flavour, aftertaste, salt–acid, bitter–sweet, and body. Above 625 m, coffees from dry, honey, and wet processes increased scores in their sensory attributes, but there was no difference at such high altitudes when comparing post-harvest samples. Dry-processed coffee samples had total scores over 80 points at high altitudes. Conilon was perceived to have the best sensory attributes at high altitudes using honey processing. In general, the wet-processed congolensis and conilon samples had a tastier profile than dry-processed ones.
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Hifnalisa, A. Karim, Y. D. Fazlina, Manfarizah, Y. Jufri, and T. Sabrina. "The nutrient content of N, P, K in Andisols and Arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah Regency, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012014.
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Abstract Bener Meriah Regency is one of the arabica coffee areas in Indonesia. Generally, most of arabica coffees are grown in Andisols. This research aims to determine the nutrient content of N, P, K in andisols and arabica coffee leaves in the Bener Meriah regency. Data were collected from a 10-year-old arabica coffee tree planted on Andisols located at an altitude of 1200-1400 m above mean sea level and divided in five classes with different slopes, using the survey method and analysed descriptively. The results showed that andisols Bener Meriah had a total N content ranging from 0.09-0.51%. The P-available ranged from 0.3-12.81 mg.kg-1 and P-total content of 159.4-1246.7 mg.kg-1. The K-exchangeable content ranged from 0.17-0.52 cmol kg-1. Arabica coffee leaves contain N ranging from 0.85%-3.00%. The P content ranged from 0.10%-0.23%. Meanwhile, the K content ranged from 1.55%-2.33%. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between soil N-total and the N-nutrient of coffee leaves, soil P-available and P-nutrient of coffee leaves, and soil K-exchangeable and K nutrient contents of coffee leaves with r values of 0.78, 0.97, and 0.68 respectively.
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Liberto, Erica, Davide Bressanello, Giulia Strocchi, Chiara Cordero, Manuela Rosanna Ruosi, Gloria Pellegrino, Carlo Bicchi, and Barbara Sgorbini. "HS-SPME-MS-Enose Coupled with Chemometrics as an Analytical Decision Maker to Predict In-Cup Coffee Sensory Quality in Routine Controls: Possibilities and Limits." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 4515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244515.
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The quality assessment of the green coffee that you will go to buy cannot be disregarded from a sensory evaluation, although this practice is time consuming and requires a trained professional panel. This study aims to investigate both the potential and the limits of the direct headspace solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry electronic nose technique (HS-SPME-MS or MS-EN) combined with chemometrics for use as an objective, diagnostic and high-throughput technique to be used as an analytical decision maker to predict the in-cup coffee sensory quality of incoming raw beans. The challenge of this study lies in the ability of the analytical approach to predict the sensory qualities of very different coffee types, as is usual in industry for the qualification and selection of incoming coffees. Coffees have been analysed using HS-SPME-MS and sensory analyses. The mass spectral fingerprints (MS-EN data) obtained were elaborated using: (i) unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA); (ii) supervised partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to select the ions that are most related to the sensory notes investigated; and (iii) cross-validated partial least square regression (PLS), to predict the sensory attribute in new samples. The regression models were built with a training set of 150 coffee samples and an external test set of 34. The most reliable results were obtained with acid, bitter, spicy and aromatic intensity attributes. The mean error in the sensory-score predictions on the test set with the available data always fell within a limit of ±2. The results show that the combination of HS-SPME-MS fingerprints and chemometrics is an effective approach that can be used as a Total Analysis System (TAS) for the high-throughput definition of in-cup coffee sensory quality. Limitations in the method are found in the compromises that are accepted when applying a screening method, as opposed to human evaluation, in the sensory assessment of incoming raw material. The cost-benefit relationship of this and other screening instrumental approaches must be considered and weighed against the advantages of the potency of human response which could thus be better exploited in modulating blends for sensory experiences outside routine.
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Wondimkun, Yishak Worku, Shimelis Admassu Emire, and Tarekegn Berhanu Esho. "Investigation of Physical and Sensory Properties of Ethiopian Specialty Dry Processed Green Coffee Beans." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2020-0004.
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AbstractEthiopia is known for its specialty Arabica coffees affected by mix-up. Physical and sensory properties of dry processed green coffee beans have been reported for the influence on the sensorial quality and coffee process optimization. The aim of this study was to investigate physical and sensory properties of sixteen varieties and to determine relationship of attributes. Physical properties of coffee beans were taken by measuring linear dimensions, densities and weight. Moreover, professional cuppers were analyzed sensory properties by using standard procedures. In this study, the longest (10.40 mm), the widest (6.82 mm) and the thickest (4.48 mm) varieties were Odicha, Feyate and Challa, respectively whereas the shortest (8.28 mm), narrowest (5.59 mm) and thinnest (3.52 mm) were 74110, Mocha and Bultum, respectively. The shape & make value of variety Bultum was “fair good” whereas variety Feyate was “very good”. Furthermore, the results of “shape & make” were significantly correlated with measured physical properties. The results indicate that most physical and sensory properties of coffee varieties have significant (P ≤ 0.05 differences. These properties were influenced by growing regions and variety difference. The outcome of this study can be used for coffee bean characterization and process optimization to improve beverage quality.
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Oliveira, Alessandro Silva de, Gustavo Quiroga Souki, Rodrigo Marçal Gandia, and Luiz Henrique de Barros Vilas Boas. "Coffee in capsules consumers’ behaviour: a quantitative study on attributes, consequences and values." British Food Journal 123, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2020-0116.
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PurposeCoffee in capsules consumers’ behaviour depends not only on the products’ attributes, but also the consequences perceived by them and the alignment with their values. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of the Attributes of coffees in capsules on the consequences perceived by consumers concerning their consumption and the effects of these Consequences on consumers’ Values.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed a scale for assessing the perception of consumers of coffee in capsules about Attributes, Consequences and Values (A-C-V) regarding its consumption. A link to this survey’s electronic questionnaire was posted on the social networks Facebook and Peabirus. This research sample is for convenience and accessibility and has 213 consumers of coffee in capsules. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was the statistical method used for data analysis.FindingsAttributes have two sub-dimensions (Own attributes and Functional attributes), while Consequences have three sub-dimensions (Handling Benefits, Rational Benefits, Convenience Benefits) and Values have just one dimension. Also, SEM has shown a statistically significant positive relationship between A-C-V perceived by consumers of coffee in capsules. These results confirm the hypotheses developed based on the Means-End Chain Theory (MEC).Originality/valueAs academic contributions, this paper develops a structural model that quantitatively demonstrates the impacts of Attributes perceived by consumers of coffee in capsules on the Consequences of consumption and its effects on their Values. The present survey is the first in the literature that uses structural models contemplating A-C-V. As managerial contributions, this survey provides relevant information to the decision-making of several stakeholders of the chain of coffee in capsules.
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Holmes, Mark J., and Jesús Otero. "A tale of two coffees? Analysing interaction and futures market efficiency." Studies in Economics and Finance 37, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-09-2019-0356.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the informational efficiency of Arabica (other milds) and Robusta coffee futures markets in terms of predicting future coffee spot prices. Design/methodology/approach Futures market efficiency is associated with the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between spot and future prices such that coffee futures prices are unbiased predictors of future spot prices. This study applies unit root testing to daily data for futures-spot price differentials. A range of maturities for futures contracts are considered, and the study also uses a recursive approach to consider time variation in futures market efficiency. Findings The other milds and Robusta futures prices tend to be unbiased predictors for their own respective spot prices. The paper further finds that other milds and Robusta futures prices are unbiased predictors of the respective Robusta and other milds spot prices. Recursive estimation suggests that the futures market efficiency associated with these cross cases has increased, though with no clear link to the implementation of the 2007 International Coffee Agreement. Originality/value The paper draws new insights into futures market efficiency by examining the two key types of coffee and analyses the potential interactions between them. Hitherto, no attention has been paid to futures contracts of the Robusta variety. The employment of unit root testing of spot futures coffee price differentials can be viewed as more stringent than an approach based on non-cointegration testing.
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Contreras-Calderón, José, Diana Mejía-Díaz, Marcela Martínez-Castaño, Daniel Bedoya-Ramírez, Natalia López-Rojas, Faver Gómez-Narváez, Yaqueline Medina-Pineda, and Oscar Vega-Castro. "Evaluation of antioxidant capacity in coffees marketed in Colombia: Relationship with the extent of non-enzymatic browning." Food Chemistry 209 (October 2016): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.038.
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Jeong, Dong-Jun. "Historical Research on the Parisian Café Procope." Korea Association of World History and Culture 64 (September 30, 2022): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.09.64.179.
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The visit of Soliman Aga(1669) is the starting-point of the development of coffee culture in Paris. As the ambassador of Ottoman Empire, he was granted an audience with Louis XIV in Versailles. His task was to read the king’s thoughts : If my empire attacks Vienna, Louis will intervene in the war? But Soliman Aga did not accomplish his mission. He went and stayed in Paris for 10 months with more than two dozen attendants. During that time, in a Turkish room he served Turkish coffees very carefully to the ladies of Paris high society. Soliman Aga could infer information about Louis’s mind from their ongoing conversation in the room. Not long after that he left the city, Parisians fell deep into coffee drinking. One of the attendants of Soliman Aga, a person named Pascal, remained in Paris. With a large amount of coffee beans that his superior left, he started up coffee peddling in the Saint-Germain market and at the Quai de l’École. Pascal is a historical figure because of the relationship between Soliman Aga and the owner of Café Procope (Procopio), but innumerable and unidentified coffee peddlers of Levantine origins worked in the streets of European cities like London, Oxford, Paris etc. Pascal did not succeed in coffee business. He thought he could benefit from conducting his business in a market as people gathered there. But the temporary function of Saint-Germain market, like every market throughout France, was Pascal’s Achilles heel. His other business at Quai de l’École finally ended up getting no attention from Parisians. Nonetheless, Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli, an ex-employee of Pascal, returned to the Saint-Germain Market in order to sell coffee. He made money in that place and also obtained several licenses from the French government relevant to sale of coffee, tea, lemonade and alcoholic beverages. And he was planning new-concept coffeehouse that would far surpass Pascal’s peddling. Wide spaces, tapestried walls, chandeliers hanging from the ceiling, marble tables... he tried to make his Café Procope a center of brilliant social life. This coffeehouse was well located on the rue des Fossés-Saint-Germain, very close to the Théâtre-Français. The effect of people flocking to the theater was wonderful. Wealthy theater-goers, many famous actors, play writers became regular frequenters of that coffeehouse. It was critical factor directly connected to the success of Café Procope. If I may add one more thing, there is an extensive menu including tea, hot chocolate, wine, l’eau de cédrat, ices, sorbets, barvaroise etc. So, Café Procope was to be the first modern coffeehouse in Paris and would serve as a model to the Parisian coffeehouses that would follow in the years to come.(Daejin University)
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Manuel Andrade Navia, Juan, Elías Ramírez Plazas, and Yenny Catherine Diaz. "Leadership and social responsibility from the perspective of gender." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.23.
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This study established the relationship between transformational leadership and social responsibility practices in women’s organizations that produce special coffees in southern Colombia. To measure these variables using Likert scales, two questionnaires were applied: the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X short version (MLQ-5X) to measure transformational leadership, and a tool developed by the researchers to measure social responsibility. Cronbach’s Alpha (α) values for the two variables showed excellent consistency (α = 0.95 and 0.90 for transformational leadership and social responsibility, respectively). For the analysis of the information, the structural equation model was used to validate the hypothesis using the SPSS AMOS software. The results indicate a significant and positive correlation between the transformational leadership practices and the perception of social responsibility, especially in the dimensions of idealized influence (behavior and attributed) and intellectual stimulation of transformational leadership, and in the dimensions of labor issues and social responsibility. These findings are consistent with existing literature, and complement aspects not addressed before (e.g. correlation between transformational leadership and social responsibility practices in women’s organizations) in the framework of gender in non-conventional organizations.
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Capone, M., and E. Lanzara. "3D DATA INTERPRETATION USING TREATISES GEOMETRIC RULES TO BUILT COFFERED DOMES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 21, 2019): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-231-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The contribution is part of a research that aims to address the problems of knowledge, interpretation and documentation of coffered domes geometry. The main question is to define the relationships between the coffer shape, the layout used for coffers distribution on dome surface and different kind of surfaces. With regard to coffered domes we have analyzed the methods illustrated by Francesco Milizia, Giuseppe Vannini and some historical surveys. We have grouped coffered domes in relation to grid geometry and to coffer shape. We have defined three different ways to distribute the coffers in relation to different grid layout: grid composed by 2D lines (meridians and parallels), grid composed by 3D lines on surface (lattice of rhumb lines) or coffers distribution between ribs. We have analyzed each of them and we have defined algorithmic models in relation to spherical domes. The main goal of our research is to study what's different in not spherical domes, such as policentrical domes, ellipsoidal domes or ovoidal domes, generated using curves network. We have compared computational models based on treatises rules with particular case studies. This comparison allows us to do a critical analysis based on geometric rules. From a methodological point of view we have built a parametric model able to connect the different processes, using the same parameters. By comparing this model with point clouds, it is possible to evaluate analogies or identify new rules that will be used to develop a more complex parametric model based on surveys.</p>
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Muhammad, Naufal Alka, and Hendra Hendra. "Perencanaan Kampanye Syafrudin-Subadri Dalam Kontestasi Pilkada Kota Serang Tahun 2018." Epistemik: Indonesian Journal of Social and Political Science 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.57266/epistemik.v3i2.94.
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The Serang City Election 2018 was enlivened by 3 pairs of candidates, one of whom was half incumbent who was the wife of the incumbent. With effective campaign planning, the pair Syafrudin-Subadri Usuludin was finally able to win from the half incumbent. In conducting this research, researchers took a reference focus from the theory, stages and campaign methods from Brian J. O'Day. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection is done by interviewing informants, and from some secondary data such as field observations and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the pair Syafrudin and Subadri Usuludin along with the team carried out campaign stages in accordance with the six stages in conducting a campaign from Brian J. O'Day which consisted of conducting research, setting goals, setting target voters, building campaign messages, building relationship with voters, and campaign implementation. In addition, there are several factors that make Syafrudin-Subadri Usuludin able to surpass the half incumbent such as, the saturation of the people of Serang City over the dynastic political practices in Serang City, the weakness of figures from the half incumbent and several other factors. Meanwhile, the stages of building campaign messages and building relations with voters were the hallmarks of this pair, individual approaches such as coffees and door to door method were decisive factors in the campaign of the pair Syafrudin and Subadri Usuludin in the 2018 Serang regional election.
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Pranata Erdiansyah, Novie, and Yusianto Yusianto. "Relationship between caffeine content and flavor with light intensity of several coffee Robusta clones." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 28, no. 1 (May 1, 2012): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v28i1.160.
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Coffee is a refreshing beverage product and its price is determined by physical quality and flavor. An excellent coffee flavor is resulted only from qualified coffee beans, produced by well managed plantation. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of sunlight intensity entering coffee farm on flavor profiles and caffeine content of Robusta coffee. The experiment was conducted at the field experimental Kaliwining Estate of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) during 2009–2011. Treatments were Robusta coffee clones and sunlight intensity. Experimental design was split plot design with three replications. Robusta clones used were BP 409, BP 534, BP 936 and BP 939, planted in 2002. The sunligt intensity treatments were 100% (without shade tree), 50—60% (Leucaena leucocephala shade), and 20—30% (Hibiscus macrophyllus and Melia azedarach L. shades). Only red coffee cherries were harvested for flavor and caffeine analysis. Coffee cherries were washed, depulped and sundried until moisture content of less than 12%. The green coffee bean samples were roasted at medium level (Agtron Scale at 65#) for cupping test which involved five expert panelists by using ICCRI protocol. Caffeine content was determined by spectrophotometric method. The experiment result indicated that high sunlight intensity resulted in strong aroma of Robusta coffee, while good flavor coffee need medium light intensity. Cafein content had positive correlation with light intensity entering the coffee farm, whereas cafein content had no direct effect on Robusta coffee flavor.Key words: Coffea canephora, clone, sunlight intensity, flavor, caffeine.
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Putri, Nadya, Totok Pujianto, and Roni Kastaman. "Penerapan Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD) yang Terintegrasi Metode Servqual untuk Meningkatkan Kepuasan Konsumen dalam Kualitas Pelayanan di Inaka Coffee." Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2021.005.04.7.
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Inaka Coffee is one of the coffee shops located in Cimahi City. The existence of this coffee shop is becoming a trend as evidenced by the increasing level of coffee consumption in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the service attributes needed and desired by Inaka Coffee’s consumers, to find out the service performance of Inaka Coffee compared to other competitors as well as to find out the service attributes that must be prioritized to improve service quality in fulfilling Inaka Coffee’s customer satisfaction. This is done by implementing the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method which aims to improve the service quality on aspects deemed less eligible at Inaka Coffee. This Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is integrated by SERVQUAL. To find out the consumers’ needs, interviews were conducted with 30 respondents regarding the desired attributes while being at the Coffee Shop. In addition, this research involved 120 respondents, namely coffee shop’s consumers in an assessment regarding expectations and realities of the service quality. This research did not only involve consumers as respondents but also involve experts in assessing the needed technical response and the relationship between the provided technical response provided and the desired consumer’s needs. There are 24 main priorities that need improvement seen from the Pareto diagram analysis. This technical response needs to be done in order to reduce the gap between the value of realities and expectations which means it can increase customer satisfaction of the existing service quality.
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LINDA SIPAYUNG, MEI, Theodora MV Nainggolan, and Tiurmaida Nainggolan. "Coffee Business Development Index Analysis Arabica (Coffea Arabica) in Purba District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province." Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies 2, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2021.2.2.4.
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This study aims to determine: To determine the development of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) production over the last 5 years, to determine the availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) for the development of Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica, for knowing the relationship between the availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) in the previous year to the production of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica), and to determine the business sustainability index of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) viewed from the economic, social aspects and the environment in the research area. The research was conducted in Purba District, Simalungun Regency, where the sample size was 25 Arabica coffee farmers. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis, OLS (Ordinary Least Square), and sustainability index. The Arabica coffee production development index from 2015-2019 decreased from the total production of 555.98 tons to 497.51 tons or the index value decreased by 75The availability of production factors (land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, equipment, and labor) for the Arabica coffee development index in the study area is available with an average value of 21.17. , fertilizers, pesticides, equipment and manpower) the calculated F value = 0.566 <F table 6.16 with a sig value of 0.595 > 0.05. In partial land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor have an effect on Arabica coffee production. the average (79.27) is categorized as very sustainable.
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Pu, Yibei, Norzaidahwati Zaidin, and Yaodong Zhu. "How Do E-Brand Experience and In-Store Experience Influence the Brand Loyalty of Novel Coffee Brands in China? Exploring the Roles of Customer Satisfaction and Self–Brand Congruity." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021096.
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China’s coffee sector is experiencing a transformation related to sustainability. While the media have reported various novel coffee brands in China, scholars have mostly focused on established non-Chinese coffee brands. These studies still cite the relevance of the growing middle class, which adopts coffee as part of an ‘exquisite Western lifestyle’ and form the antecedents of brand loyalty from an established coffee brand perspective. These antecedents may not directly apply to novel coffee brands that face the changing consumption habits of younger Chinese consumers, who stress coffee’s functionality and price performance. Drawing on a social service perspective, this study addresses how E-brand experience and in-store experience each affect customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, as well as the role of customer’s self–brand congruity. The conceptual model was empirically tested using an online survey of 332 Chinese novel coffee brand customers. Our results suggest that E-brand experience (EBE) and in-store experience (SBE) both affect customer satisfaction (CA), with each relationship moderated by self–brand congruity (SBC); CA mediates the relationship between EBE and brand loyalty and that between SBE and brand loyalty. Moreover, younger respondents in this study were more likely to develop customer satisfaction and brand loyalty toward novel Chinese coffee brands.
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Kobayashi, Kent, and Guofan Liu. "Estimating Leaf Area of Macadamia and Coffee." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 665a—665. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.665a.
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One hundred mature leaves of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) were selected from 10 trees in a commercial orchard in Papaikou on the island of Hawaii. Length (L), width (W), and area (A) of each leaf were taken. L and W were significantly correlated (r = 0.93), L and A (r = 0.98), W and A (r = 0.94), and (L × W) and A (r = 0.99). L and W showed curvilinear relationships with A. Seventy-five mature leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica `Guatemalan') were selected from five trees at the Waimanalo Expt. Station on the island of Oahu. Leaf L, W, and A were measured. L and W were significantly correlated (r = 0.72), L and A (r = 0.89), W and A (r = 0.93), and (L × W) and A (r = 0.98). L and W showed curvilinear relationships with A. For both macadamia and coffee, although using L × W as a term in linear equations resulted in higher adjusted R2s, the use of these equations would involve taking an additional measurement in the field. A quadratic equation using width (for coffee) or length (for macadamia) best described the relationship between these measurements and area and provide a quick method for estimating leaf area in the field.
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Wadt, Paulo Guilherme Salvador. "Relationships between soil class and nutritional status of coffee plantations." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 29, no. 2 (April 2005): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832005000200008.
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Farm planning requires an assessment of the soil class. Research suggest that the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) has the capacity to evaluate the nutritional status of coffee plantations, regardless of environmental conditions. Additionally, the use of DRIS could reduce the costs for farm planning. This study evaluated the relationship between the soil class and nutritional status of coffee plants (Coffea canephora Pierre) using the Critical Level (CL) and DRIS methods, based on two multivariate statistical methods (discriminant and multidimensional scaling analyses). During three consecutive years, yield and foliar concentration of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu) were obtained from coffee plantations cultivated in Espírito Santo state. Discriminant analysis showed that the soil class was an important factor determining the nutritional status of the coffee plants. The grouping separation by the CL method was not as effective as the DRIS one. The bidimensional analysis of Euclidean distances did not show the same relationship between plant nutritional status and soil class. Multidimensional scaling analysis by the CL method indicated that 93.3 % of the crops grouped into one cluster, whereas the DRIS method split the fields more evenly into three clusters. The DRIS method thus proved to be more consistent than the CL method for grouping coffee plantations by soil class.
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Ávila, Eloisa Aparecida da Sivla, Cleiton Mateus Sousa, Welington Pereira, Hyrandir Cabral de Melo, Vinícius Gonçalves Almeida, and Jefferson Kran Sarti. "Relationship of gas exchanges in different phenological phases with coffee productivity in the Cerrado." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (May 12, 2020): e293974123. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4123.
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Coffee growing has been expanding in the Brazilian Cerrado. To identify genotypes adapted to the conditions, in 2015, an experiment was implanted with 35 genotypes of Coffea arabica, irrigated, in Ceres, Goias, Brazil, latitude 15°21′00.67′′, longitude: 49°35′56.98′′, Altitude approximately 570 m. The coffee trees showed differences in growth and, in the first harvest, were grouped into low, medium and high productivity. Seeking to understand the divergences in growth and productivity between coffee trees, gas exchange between 9:00 - 10:00 h was evaluated; 12:00 - 13:00 h and 15:00 - 16:00 h, in five phenological phases of the second harvest (fruit formation, fruit filling, maturation, after harvest and vegetative phase), of three coffee trees (Sarchimor MG 8840, Catucaí Amarelo 2SL and IBC - Palma 2) with high, medium and low productivity, respectively, in the first harvest. The genotypes showed the same pattern of productivity in the first and second crop. Gas exchange in coffee trees, with different productive potential, grown in the Cerrado, under irrigation, varied between genotypes and phenological phases. The best results prevailed in the formation and filling phases of the fruits. Variation of the genotypes was observed between the phenological phases. Despite the differences found, gas exchange does not explain the divergences in the growth and production responses of the studied genotypes, indicating the involvement of other factors in the growth and productivity of coffee trees cultivateds in the Cerrado.
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Budiman, Aris, Supramana Supramana, and Giyanto Giyanto. "Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Pratylenchus coffeae from the Origin of Robusta Coffee Plantation in Malang, East Java." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.42481.
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Pratylenchus coffeae is the most important plant-parasitic nematode in Robusta coffee plantations. Information regarding morphology, morphometric and molecular characters of P. coffeae has not been reported in Indonesia. This study is aimed to describe those characters of P. coffeae that attack Robusta coffee. Root samples were taken from Robusta coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Nematode extractions was conducted using a mist chamber method. Morphology and morphometric characters were observed from the permanent nematode slides. Single nematode DNA extract was amplified at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA with universal primers. Amplicon was sequenced and analysed for phylogenetic tree relationships. Female morphological key character of P. coffeae observed are: lip with two annulations, four lateral lines, esophageal overlap with intestine ventrally, monodelphic, and truncated tail shape. Male spicules curved ventrally. Female morphometrics are: n=26, L = 556.4 μm, DGO = 2.4 μm, anterior gonad = 174.8 μm, a = 28.5, b = 6.1, b’ = 4.1, c = 20.1, c’ = 2.3, V = 81.7. A Male is smaller than a female with n=24, L = 505.9 μm, a = 32.3, b = 5.5, b '= 3.9, c = 15.3, c' = 2.8 and T = 40.6. The molecular characters of P. coffeae were investigated for two isolates, namely SA1 and SA2. Based on the D2D3 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, isolate SA1 has similarity level of 99% and 97% to the P. coffeae from NCBI. Similar result was shown by Isolate SA2 with similarity of 100% and 100% respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis using Maximum Likelihood at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions showed that P. coffeae in this study was included in one clade with P. coffeae from several countries.
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Rosyiidiani, Thalitha Sacharissa, and Aurelia Syafira Widya. "Branding Coffe Shop With Islamic Values As Marketing Communication Strategy Across Social Media Platform." Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i2.8.
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Business in the food and beverage industry in Indonesia is growing every year. The sector also makes a significant contribution so that it can increase economic growth in Indonesia. Apart from cafes, coffee shops are one of the most desirable parts of the culinary industry today. Very significant business development is currently happening in the coffee shop industry, which appears in big cities. Al'Cal Coffee is a business engaged in the F&B industry, especially coffee shops. Al'Cal is an Islamic coffee shop founded in 2018 and successfully opened a second branch in Serpong in September 2020. In running its business, each coffee shop must have different marketing communication strategies and activities. This study aims to identify the marketing communication activities carried out by Al'Cal Coffee on Instagram, how Al'Cal Coffee implements the integrated marketing communication strategy, and the Islamic elements contained in Al'Cal Coffee's marketing communication strategy Instagram. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with primary data from interviews, observations, and documentation. The study results illustrate that there is a match and relationship between the theory of Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy with those in the field. The strategy is carried out starting from the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages.
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Silva, Marcelo B. da, Fábio L. Partelli, Ivoney Gontijo, and Marcellus M. Caldas. "Nutritional balance and its relationship to yield in a coffee field: Inferences from geospatial analysis." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 24, no. 12 (December 2020): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n12p834-839.
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ABSTRACT Information obtained from studies of spatial variability and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) may contribute to understanding better the relationship between mineral nutrient balance and factors that limit the crop yield. This study shows that nutritionally balanced plants may be associated with low productivity in Conilon coffee fields. The study was carried out on a highly productive Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) field, in São Mateus, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A sample grid was established with 100 points, each point linked to one plant. Twenty pairs of leaves from each plant were collected from productive branches to create a sample for nutritional analysis. The rust incidence (Hemileia vastatrix), the presence of the coffee borer (Hypothenemus hampei), and the physical characteristics of the soil were evaluated in each sampled plant. DRIS and Nutrient Balance Index (NBI) were calculated, and from the yield data, they were characterized using descriptive statistics. Maps were created showing the spatial distribution of the NBI, yield, total sand, and incidence of rust and coffee borer. It was verified the low relationship between nutritional balance and yield in Conilon coffee, suggesting that non-nutritional factors also influenced plant production. In areas of the maps with high NBI, the plant’s nutritional balance was the main limiting factor of production, since most plants in this area produced less than the average productivity of the plants sampled. The use of a geostatistics tool combined with the NBI resulted in better understanding of the relationship between nutritional and non-nutritional variables on the Conilon coffee yield.
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Parrish, Sabine. "Competitive Coffee Making and the Crafting of the Ideal Barista." Gastronomica 20, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2020.20.2.79.
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Despite widespread attention to issues of gender and economic exploitation at coffee's agricultural origins, works within coffee scholarship systematically overlook the workers at the final stage of production: baristas, the coffee shop employees who prepare and serve beverages. This article draws from data collected from over four hundred female American specialty coffee baristas to examine how their gender impacts their experiences at coffee competitions. I argue that barista competitions exist in order to legitimize the barista as a type of skilled laborer, but that these attempts rest on highly gendered understandings of skill, professionalism, and performance. Barista competitions attempt to present a unified industry face, but gender remains a salient issue through its unequal presence that renders female baristas as distinct and different from the ideal barista, who is assumed to be male. The conclusions drawn from this case study have broad significance for our understandings of gender and precariousness in the food industry, and the relationship between, and negotiation of, skill and perceived value. The rarefied world of specialty coffee competition magnifies and illuminates extant workplace issues regarding gender, which are characteristic of many forms of low-wage service labor in the United States.
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Samoggia, Antonella, Margherita Del Prete, and Chiara Argenti. "Functional Needs, Emotions, and Perceptions of Coffee Consumers and Non-Consumers." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145694.
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Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Over the last decades coffee has become a specialty product. Drinking a coffee beverage entails several mixed factors, such as pleasure, experience, lifestyle, and social status. It can also provide an emotional pick-up, both mentally and physically. Only a few studies have explored the motives and emotions of coffee consumption and not consumption. There is limited understanding of consumers’ emotional approach towards coffee, and what influences a positive and negative inclination towards coffee consumption. This research fills the current research gaps by addressing three main questions: (i) What are the emotions and habits of coffee consumption? (ii) What are the motives of coffee consumption and non-consumption? and (iii) How relevant is the coffee health impact perception of consuming or not consuming coffee? The research activities include 467 face-to-face interviews with consumers. Interviews are performed in two different countries, Italy and Portugal. Data elaboration includes a principal component analysis carried out to identify latent factors on motives and emotions of consumption in both national groups, and to explore the relationship between the main emotions and consumers’ habits and socio-economic characteristics. Results support that consumers have positive emotions from coffee consumption. Perceived emotions are energy, satisfaction, and pleasure. Non-consumption is mainly driven by taste and fear of coffee’s health impacts. There are limited differences in the countries analysed. Socio-economic characteristics limitedly influence perceived emotions and consumption motives. To conclude, consumers are increasingly interested in new coffee products. Understanding the functional and emotional factors of coffee consumption contributes to supporting new coffee product development and commercialisation.
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Magalhães, S. T. V., R. N. C. Guedes, A. J. Demuner, and E. R. Lima. "Effect of coffee alkaloids and phenolics on egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella." Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 5 (June 16, 2008): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005804.
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AbstractThe recognized importance of coffee alkaloids and phenolics mediating insect-plant interactions led to the present investigation aiming to test the hypothesis that the phenolics chlorogenic and caffeic acids and the alkaloid caffeine and some of its derivatives present in coffee leaves affect egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera (=Perileucoptera) coffeella (Guérin-Méneville & Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), one of the main coffee pests in the Neotropical region. These phytochemicals were, therefore, quantified in leaves from 12 coffee genotypes and their effect on the egg-laying preference by the coffee leaf miner was assessed. Canonical variate analysis and partial canonical correlation provided evidence that increased leaf levels of caffeine favour egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner. An egg-laying preference bioassay was, therefore, carried out to specifically test this hypothesis using increasing caffeine concentrations sprayed on leaves of one of the coffee genotypes with the lowest level of this compound (i.e. Hybrid UFV 557-04 generated from a cross between Coffea racemosa Lour. and C. arabica L.). The results obtained allowed the recognition of a significant concentration-response relationship, providing support for the hypothesis that caffeine stimulates egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner in coffee leaves.
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Hendrayani, Yani, Muhammad Sulthan Alkautsar, and Hermina Manihuruk. "Marketing public relations strategy of coffee shop business during COVID-19 pandemic." PRofesi Humas Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hubungan Masyarakat 7, no. 1 (August 10, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/prh.v7i1.37492.
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In recent years, public interest in coffee shops has become a trend in Indonesia. However, in the Covid-19 pandemic era, there have been many changes in shopping patterns from offline to online, forcing coffee shops to adapt to new normal conditions and prepare MPR strategies following the conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sallo Coffee is a coffee shop located in Jakarta. Maintaining relationships with customers for the long term is part of the job of Public Relations (PR). In this study, the author wants to know Sallo Coffee’s Public Relations marketing strategy in maintaining customer loyalty during the pandemic. What is the challenge of implementing a PR marketing strategy during the pandemic to maintain customer loyalty? The paradigm used in this study is constructivism, in which researchers research public relations to reconstruct the existing reality. The approach used is a qualitative approach with descriptive research through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study are that the current PR concept cannot be implemented with PR marketing strategies during the pandemic become limited under government regulations. Instagram social media is one of the media to promote Sallo Coffee products and provide product information to maintain relationships with customers or customer relations. The Internet is critical because the pandemic situation does not allow for as much physical contact as one would expect. With promotions on Instagram and social media, it can also be effective in maintaining customer loyalty during the pandemic.
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Charlebois, Sylvain, and Paul Uys. "The Compostable Coffee Pod: Is PürPod100tm the Best Thing Since Sliced Bread? A Case Study on Club Coffee." Research in Applied Economics 8, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v8i3.10071.
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<p>With consumer consciousness growing in the area of sustainable food supply, food<br />distribution is looking for methods to embrace, adapt and improve its environmental<br />performance, while still remaining economically competitive. Until recent innovative<br />solutions were developed, coffee pods have been considered as an ecologically unsound<br />approach to single-serve beverages. Some have argued that reverse logistics (recycling) is a<br />better option than green supply chain management (composting). With a particular focus on<br />coffee pods a case study on Club Coffee, which focuses on green supply chain management,<br />is presented for the design of a capacitated distribution network for a two-layer supply chain<br />involved in the distribution of coffee pods in Canada. Our investigation shows that Club<br />Coffee’s relationship is not only critical to fostering the green supply chain ideology, but it is<br />also unique in the business. Findings are presented and limitations and future research are<br />proposed.</p>
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Ho Quoc, Thong, and Niekdam Tuyet Hoa. "Labor Dependence, Income Diversification, Rural Credit, and Technical Efficiency of Small-Holder Coffee Farms: A Case Study of Cu M'gar District, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 23, no. 04 (October 1, 2016): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2016.23.4.04.
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Vietnam coffee sector plays a crucial role not only in the country’s economy but also in the global coffee market, and improving coffee production efficiency may benefit coffee producers. However, small-holder coffee farming households still encounter many difficulties regarding resources and socio-economic conditions affecting coffee production efficiency. This study examines relationships among income diversification, rural credit loan, labor dependence, and technical efficiency in coffee production through a face-to-face survey with participation of 143 coffee farming households conducted in Cu M’gar District, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. The stochastic frontier model shows that the mean of technical efficiency scores is 0.64, and it also verifies the existence of inefficiency variation. Both Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) and Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) consistently indicate that a higher level of diversity in income sources negatively affects coffee production efficiency. Additionally, independence in labor resource for coffee farming may help farmers increase technical efficiency of coffee production. Credit loan has a positive and statistically significant relationship with technical efficiency of coffee production. These relationships hold especially true for smallholder coffee farms with ethnic minority household heads. The policy options of credit loan access, intensive investment in coffee production rather than diversification of coffee farmers’ income sources, and independent management strategies for labor sources are suggested as an integrated approach to improve technical efficiency in coffee production of smallholder coffee farms.
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Dicum, Gregory. "Colony in a Cup." Gastronomica 3, no. 2 (2003): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.2.71.
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Originating in East Africa, coffee was one of the first internationally traded commodities. An Arab monopoly on the bean was broken by the development of tropical European colonies. Coffee was the ideal colonial crop, but its cultivation relied upon widespread slavery and abusive economic relationships between regions. Many of these institutionalized inequities remain embedded in post-colonial coffee trading patterns. Rich coffee-consuming nations and the multinational trading and roasting companies that service their demand enjoy neocolonial dominance of growers around the world, many of whom are small landowners and family farmers in poor countries. At the same time, developed-world governmental interest in producing countries has waned, leaving multinationals free to pursue their own policies in large parts of the world. At present, there is a worldwide slump in coffee prices that is devastating economies throughout the developing world without translating into meaningfully lower prices for coffee consumers. One of the few programs to step into this political void is Fair Trade. By reconfiguring the trading relationship between coffee producers and consumers to emphasize a more direct relationship, Fair Trade appropriates globalized trading networks for the benefit of both coffee growers and coffee drinkers.
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Iwasa, Keiko, Harumichi Seta, Yoshihide Matsuo, and Koichi Nakahara. "Evaluation of 3-Methylbutanoic Acid Methyl Ester as a Factor Influencing Flavor Cleanness in Arabica Specialty Coffee." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 5413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125413.
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This paper reports on the chemical compounds in arabica coffee beans with a high Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) cupping score, especially those in specialty coffee beans. We investigated the relationship between the chemical compounds and cupping scores by considering 16 types of Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) beans from Guatemala (SCA cupping score of 76.5–89.0 points). Non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemometric profiling indicated that specialty beans with a high cupping score contained considerable amounts of methyl-esterified compounds (MECs), including 3-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester (3-MBM), and other fatty acid methyl esters. The effect of MECs on flavor quality was verified by spiking the coffee brew with 3-MBM, which was the top-ranked component, as obtained through a regression model associated with cupping scores. Notably, 3-MBM was responsible for the fresh-fruity aroma and cleanness of the coffee brew. Although cleanness is a significant factor for specialty beans, the identification of compounds that contribute to cleanness has not been reported in previous research. The chemometric profiling approach coupled with spiking test validation will improve the identification and characterization of 3-MBM commonly found in arabica specialty beans. Therefore, 3-MBM, either alone or together with MECs, can be used as a marker in coffee production.
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Gutierrez, Andrew P., Amador Villacorta, Jose R. Cure, and C. Ken Ellis. "Tritrophic analysis of the coffee (Coffea arabica) - coffee berry borer [Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)] - parasitoid system." Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 27, no. 3 (September 1998): 357–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80591998000300005.
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An age-mass structured multi-year tritrophic simulation model of the coffee (Coffea arabica var. mundo novo) - coffee berry borer [Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)], borer - three parasitoid system was developed. Three years of extensive plant drymatter data and one year of field data on borer dynamics were collected at Londrina, PR, Brazil. The allometric relationships and parameter for plant drymatter allocation were estimated from the field data, but the parameters for borer and its three parasitoids were summarized from the literature. Initial levels of soil factors (e.g., nitrogen and water) and observed weather data were used to drive the model. The model is largely independent of the field data, yet it simulated the dynamics of plant branching, fruiting and drymatter growth of plant subunits. Simulation results suggest that of the three parasitoids commonly introduced to control the borer, only the eulophid adult endo-parasitoid (Phymastichus coffea La Salle) has the demographic characteristics to potentially regulate borer populations. The effects of harvesting, cleanup of abscised berries, inundative releases of parasitoids and pesticides with various toxicity and persistence characteristics on borer dynamics were evaluated. The model is very flexible, and may provide a sound foundation for incorporating new findings, new varieties, and the biology of new natural enemies worldwide
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Svatun, Åsne Lirhus, Maja-Lisa Løchen, Dag Steinar Thelle, and Tom Wilsgaard. "Association between espresso coffee and serum total cholesterol: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016." Open Heart 9, no. 1 (April 2022): e001946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001946.
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BackgroundCoffee raises serum cholesterol because of its diterpenes, cafestol and kahweol, and the effect varies by brewing method. Population-based research on espresso coffee’s impact on serum cholesterol is scarce. Our aim was to examine how various brewing methods, in particular espresso, were associated with serum total cholesterol (S-TC).MethodsWe used cross-sectional population data from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study in Northern Norway (N=21 083, age ≥40 years). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between S-TC as the dependent variable and each level of coffee consumption using 0 cups as the reference level, adjusting for relevant covariates and testing for sex differences.ResultsConsumption of 3–5 cups of espresso daily was significantly associated with increased S-TC (0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.17 for women and 0.16 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.24 for men), compared with participants drinking 0 cups of espresso per day. Consumption of ≥6 cups of boiled/plunger coffee daily was also associated with increased S-TC (0.30 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48 for women and 0.23 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.38 for men), compared with participants drinking 0 cups of boiled/plunger coffee. Consumption of ≥6 cups of filtered coffee daily was associated with 0.11 mmol/L (95% CI 0.03 to 0.19) higher S-TC levels for women but not for men. Instant coffee consumption had a significant linear trend but showed no dose–response relationship when excluding participants not drinking instant coffee. There were significant sex differences for all coffee types except boiled/plunger coffee.ConclusionEspresso coffee consumption was associated with increased S-TC with significantly stronger association for men compared with women. Boiled/plunger coffee was associated with increased S-TC in both sexes and with similar magnitude as shown in previous research. Filtered coffee was associated with a small increase in S-TC in women. Further research on espresso and S-TC is warranted.
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Díaz, Alejandra, Marcial Silva, and Juan Dávila. "Relationship between good hygiene practices and ochratoxin A in organic coffee (Coffea arabica L.) from the main coffee regions in Peru." Scientia Agropecuaria 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2018.02.02.
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Gremaud, Gérard, and Raffaele Tabacchi. "Relationship between the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata coffea and the canker disease of the coffee tree." Phytochemistry 42, no. 6 (August 1996): 1547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00166-5.
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de Sousa, Leandro Pio, Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho, and Jorge Maurício Costa Mondego. "Differences between the Leaf Mycobiome of Coffea arabica and Wild Coffee Species and Their Modulation by Caffeine/Chlorogenic Acid Content." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112296.
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The study of microbes associated with the coffee tree has been gaining strength in recent years. In this work, we compared the leaf mycobiome of the traditional crop Coffea arabica with wild species Coffea racemosa and Coffea stenophylla using ITS sequencing for qualitative information and real-time PCR for quantitative information, seeking to relate the mycobiomes with the content of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in leaves. Dothideomycetes, Wallemiomycetes, and Tremellomycetes are the dominant classes of fungi. The core leaf mycobiome among the three Coffea species is formed by Hannaella, Cladosporium, Cryptococcus, Erythrobasidium, and Alternaria. A network analysis showed that Phoma, an important C. arabica pathogen, is negatively related to six fungal species present in C. racemosa and C. stenophylla and absent in C. arabica. Finally, C. arabica have more than 35 times the concentration of caffeine and 2.5 times the concentration of chlorogenic acid than C. stenophylla and C. racemosa. The relationship between caffeine/chlorogenic acid content, the leaf mycobiome, and genotype pathogen resistance is discussed.
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Alista, Febri Ayu, and S. Soemarno. "ANALISIS PERMEABILITAS TANAH LAPISAN ATAS DAN BAWAH DI LAHAN KOPI ROBUSTA." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.20.
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Coffee (Coffea sp.) is one of the leading commodities in Indonesia for it has a high economic value. In Bangelan Village, Malang Regency, there is a company that manages robusta coffee commodity. The land was converted into a coffee plantation from forest land. The conversion of forest land into a coffee plantation caused the decreasing number of total soil pores lower than the forest land. This will make it difficult for water to absorb into the soil. This research was conducted in Afdeling Besaran, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII Kebun Bangelan to elucidate the value of soil permeability and the nature of the relationship between them. The result of this research indicated that the permeability of the soil on each land map unit was in the category of fast permeability class and slightly fast permeability class. The highest soil permeability value was found on land map unit 2 at the 56 years average age of coffee robusta field, with each depth of 6.03 cm hour-1, 7.95 cm hour-1, and 7.82 cm hour-1. Soil permeability is influenced by soil porosity, sand and silt with a positive correlation way. In addition, aggregate stability, soil bulk density and clay also significantly affected the soil permeability with a negative correlation way. Permeability affected the production of robusta coffee plants with a positive correlation way of 16.09%.
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Pinto-Maglio, Cecília A. F. "Cytogenetics of coffee." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 1 (March 2006): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000100004.
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The genus Coffea L. has around 100 native species distributed in tropical and subtropical areas in Africa, and the most important economic species are C. arabica and C. canephora. C. arabica is exceptional in the genus since it is the only species so far analyzed which is self-compatible, and a natural polyploid with 2n=4x=44 chromosomes; it is considered to be a segmental allopolyploid because it presents a disomic inheritance and a regular meiotic behavior. All other species in the genus are self-incompatible diploids with 2n=2x=22. Cytogenetic studies in Coffea, undertaken since 1912, have followed various phases: initial studies were limited only to establishing chromosome counts. Subsequent studies characterized the karyotypes of various species using conventional cytological techniques. As the somatic metaphase chromosomes of coffee are very small (1 - 3 µm) and morphologically symmetrical, these studies resulted in uniform karyotypes that show almost no differences among species. Since genetic improvement of coffee trees has progressed mainly by means of interspecific hybridizations involving wild species, analyses of microsporogenesis in species and hybrids were needed to establish their genetic affinity and relationships. The first successful attempts to differentiate coffee chromosomes longitudinally were made by mapping pachytene chromomeric patterns and by C and NOR banding techniques. From 1998 onwards, the use of banding techniques with the fluorochromes DAPI and CMA3, and also the cytomolecular technique FISH using rDNA probes, has increased the longitudinal differentiation of coffee chromosomes. The use of the GISH technique with total genomic DNA has revealed the parental species that originated C. arabica species.
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Saud, Shah, and Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah. "Relationship between the Chemical Composition and the Biological Functions of Coffee." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 7634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247634.
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Coffee is a Rubiaceae coffee plant ranked as the first of the three most important beverages in the world, with effects including lowering blood sugar, protecting the liver, and protecting the nerves. Coffee contains many chemical components, including alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and so on. Chemical components in coffee are the basis of its biological function and taste. The chemical components are the basis of biological activities and form the characteristic aroma of coffee. The main chemical components and biological activities of coffee have been extensively studied, which would provide a relevant basis and theoretical support for the further development of the coffee industry.
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Yamaji, Takayuki, Takahiro Harada, Yu Hashimoto, Yukiko Nakano, Masato Kajikawa, Kenichi Yoshimura, Chikara Goto, et al. "Relationship of Daily Coffee Intake with Vascular Function in Patients with Hypertension." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132719.
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We evaluated the relationship of daily coffee intake with endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation and vascular smooth muscle function assessed by nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation in patients with hypertension. A total of 462 patients with hypertension were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. First, we divided the subjects into two groups based on information on daily coffee intake: no coffee group and coffee group. The median coffee intake was two cups per day in the coffee group. There were significant differences in both flow-mediated vasodilation (2.6 ± 2.8% in the no coffee group vs. 3.3 ± 2.9% in the coffee group, p = 0.04) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (9.6 ± 5.5% in the no coffee group vs. 11.3 ± 5.4% in the coffee group, p = 0.02) between the two groups. After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio for endothelial dysfunction (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.95) and the odds ratio for vascular smooth muscle dysfunction (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28–0.89) were significantly lower in the coffee group than in the no coffee group. Next, we assessed the relationship of the amount of daily coffee intake with vascular function. Cubic spline curves revealed that patients with hypertension who drank half a cup to 2.5 cups of coffee per day had lower odds ratios for endothelial dysfunction assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction assessed by nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation. Appropriate daily coffee intake might have beneficial effects on endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle function in patients with hypertension.
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Patil, S. D., and K. K. Chengappa. "Relationship of marketing behaviour with characteristics of coffee growers." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 34, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.34.2.0025.
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An efficient marketing is depending up on the marketing behaviour of the coffee growers and it’s greatly influenced by their different personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics. In this context, this paper documents these characteristics and its relationship along with direct – indirect effect on marketing behaviour of coffee growers in Kodagu district of Karnataka. From the study it is concluded that, marketing behaviour of the coffee growers was found to be influenced by personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics. The education, irrigation status, annual income, land holding, area under coffee, source of information, risk orientation, economic orientation, innovativeness and scientific orientation have positive and strong correlation with their marketing behaviour. The age has negative and strong correlation but farming experience is negative and non-significant with marketing behaviour. Therefore, the concerned organizations and personnel may manipulate those characteristics for improving the marketing behaviour of coffee growers. Government with coffee board should take necessary steps to improve use of information source by establishing information centers at village level and frequent visits by experts.
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Lachenmeier, Dirk W., Steffen Schwarz, Jan Teipel, Maren Hegmanns, Thomas Kuballa, Stephan G. Walch, and Carmen M. Breitling-Utzmann. "Potential Antagonistic Effects of Acrylamide Mitigation during Coffee Roasting on Furfuryl Alcohol, Furan and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural." Toxics 7, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7010001.
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The four heat-induced coffee contaminants—acrylamide, furfuryl alcohol (FA), furan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)—were analyzed in a collective of commercial samples as well as in Coffea arabica seeds roasted under controlled conditions from very light Scandinavian style to very dark Neapolitan style profiles. Regarding acrylamide, average contents in commercial samples were lower than in a previous study in 2002 (195 compared to 303 µg/kg). The roasting experiment confirmed the inverse relationship between roasting degree and acrylamide content, i.e., the lighter the coffee, the higher the acrylamide content. However, FA, furan and HMF were inversely related to acrylamide and found in higher contents in darker roasts. Therefore, mitigation measures must consider all contaminants and not be focused isolatedly on acrylamide, specifically since FA and HMF are contained in much higher contents with lower margins of exposure compared to acrylamide.
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Isutsa, D. K., R. N. Mayoli, A. B. Nyende, and C. M. Mweu. "Relationships of Selected Endogenous Factors Associated with Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 8 (May 30, 2018): 1309–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v8i1.7378.
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Coffee is one of the most important cash crops produced in the world with great economic returns to growers and national gross domestic product. Somatic embryogenesis is a morphogenetic processes leading to plantlet regeneration and these processes are coupled with changes in the levels of primary metabolites. The present experiment established relationships of endogenous substances with direct somatic embryogenesis of coffee ‘Ruiru 11’. Laboratory experiments were set up at Coffee Research Institute, Ruiru-Kenya between 2014 and 2017. The set up was in a completely randomised design, replicated three times and repeated once. Third leaf pair explants were excised from 8-month-old greenhouse-grown mother plants and cultured in half strength Murashige and Skoog basal salts augmented with Thidiazuron. Once embryos had developed, the cultures were analysed for endogenous substances using HPLC and GCMS. Sucrose, phenolics, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids and their derivatives correlated positively, whereas fructose and glucose correlated negatively with the other biochemical components. Endogenous sucrose, chlorogenic acid, caffeine amino acid, fatty acids and their derivatives are potential biomarkers for coffee somatic embryogenesis, whereas endogenous fructose and glucose are inhibitors of the same. Further studies regarding the status of the biochemical components, especially in particular stages of embryo development should be conducted to establish treatments that can improve coffee direct somatic embryo development.
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Fulthorpe, Roberta, Adam R. Martin, and Marney E. Isaac. "Root Endophytes of Coffee (Coffea arabica): Variation Across Climatic Gradients and Relationships with Functional Traits." Phytobiomes Journal 4, no. 1 (January 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-04-19-0021-r.
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The root microbiome of Central American coffee trees was studied from four different sites experiencing different annual temperatures and precipitation levels, sampling from plots grown conventionally and under agroforestry management (with shade trees). Total community DNA was separately extracted from roots from four trees sampled from each site/management pair and analyzed using terminal restriction fragment polymorphism analysis and also next generation sequencing (Illumina) of fungal and bacterial ribosomal amplicons. Community profiles were analyzed for site and management effects and correlations to environmental parameters and tree leaf and root economic traits. Communities of both bacteria and fungi varied with site locations, but were not impacted by management system type. They also both varied strongly with environmental parameters. Fungal communities also showed significant variation that could be attributed to plant leaf and root traits. Pooled DNA samples from each site/management regime were used to generate amplicons for next generation sequencing to determine the dominant members of the coffee root microbiome at these locations. Core bacterial genera included Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Burkholderia, while fungal core communities were dominated by members of Cladosporium, Penicillium, Exidiopsis, Trechispora, and Mycena. The potential ecological function of these microbial associates is discussed.
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Csáki, Csilla. "The Initiators of Our Everyday Life – Relationship between Coffee and Instagram." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Communicatio 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auscom-2020-0010.
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Abstract In this study, I would like to understand the background of sharing coffee online and get to know why it encourages young people to post their coffee. I analyse the two popular parts of our everyday lives, coffee and Instagram, and their connection points, which are coffee posts as communication tools and their posting and content sharing itself as a form of communication. In my theoretical background, I reflect on the process of coffee becoming a consumer product, the relationships between cafés and the public, and I reflect on the features of Instagram that captivate young people and enable online social rites. Regarding the question of presence, I am looking for the answer to the peculiarities of the relationship between online and offline, the dissonance caused by the simultaneous appearance on the two stages. The aim of the paper is to compare the traditional and the online characteristics of the coffee community and to interpret it as a rite. Based on the theoretical background of digital ethnography, using participatory observation and photomontage techniques, I explore attitudes and motivations among the Generation Z young people in Târgu-Mureş in terms of this activity. These two evocative methods, further interpreting the visuals of Instagram, allow interpretation not only from an aesthetic point of view but also in terms of the analysis of their symbol system, background, and motivations. In my interpretations, the acceptance of manipulation, the attitude of reality, the social characteristics of online coffee communities, the relationships between Instagram visuality and Generation Z media consumption needs, compensation practices that use coffee posts as an excuse and provide insight into the self-reflexive process of coffee post backgrounds are explicated. In my final conclusions, I outline the system of likeability for coffee posts as a feature of competitive, community photography. I refer to the sharing of coffee online as new contexts of parasocial relations, and I also reflect on coffee posts as a self-branding opportunity that can be used as a tool for self-expression.
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J N F I A Putra, M., S. Soemarno, and R. Suntari. "Humification degree and its relationship with some soil physical characteristics on robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) plantation." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 3, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2016.034.649.
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