Academic literature on the topic 'Relations of motivation'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Relations of motivation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Relations of motivation"

1

Markova, Zarina, and Dessislava Yaneva. "The Motivation of University Students of International Relations to Learn English." English Studies at NBU 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.20.1.1.

Full text
Abstract:
This article reports on the findings of a study investigating the motivation of Bulgarian undergraduates of International Relations to learn English as a second language (L2). First, we consider language learning motivation in the context of three influential theoretical developments in research on motivation. Then, we report on a small-scale survey aiming to define the motivational profile of students of International Relations through the lens of the L2 Motivational Self System. The analysis of the survey data reveals similarities with findings of previous research as regards the favourable attitude towards English language learning, the prominent role of the ideal L2 self in the motivational pattern, and some doubt over the relation between the ought-to L2 self and the intended learning effort. The study results also indicate relations between travel orientation and the ought-to L2 self, and between the two types of instrumental motivation which have not been reported in previous research. These motivation peculiarities are explained through the specifics of the surveyed group that refer to students’ aspirations and potential careers in international relations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Haberski, Raymond. "Motivation in International Relations." Politics, Religion & Ideology 18, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2017.1399517.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Miwa, Shuhei, and Miki Toyama. "Relations Between Teachers’ Motivation and Elementary School Pupils’ Motivation:." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 69, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep.69.26.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lopez-Guzman, Tomas, Jesús Claudio Pérez Gálvez, Guzmán Antonio Muñoz Fernández, and Leonardo Torres León. "Studying World Heritage visitors: the case of Cuenca, Ecuador." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-03-2018-0017.

Full text
Abstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the existing relations between three fundamental constructs (motivation and satisfaction) and the type of travellers in a World Heritage Site (WHS) tourist destination, the city of Cuenca (Ecuador).Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used consisted of a fieldwork to determine the motivations and satisfaction of the visitor in the city of Cuenca, and then their segmentation.FindingsThe relationship between the study of motivation and satisfaction is a fundamental element in the development of WHSs. Similarly, it presents four different types of tourists obtained from their motivational variables. The results show the existence of three motivational dimensions for visiting Cuenca: cultural, circumstantial and convenience. Similarly, and using the motivation scenarios, four types of visitor have been identified: a cultural tourist, a cultural convenience tourist, a cultural circumstantial tourist and an alternative tourist.Practical implicationsThe principal practical application of this research is to contribute to understanding the motivations of the visitors in relation to the city of Cuenca as a WHS for the purpose of designing tourist and cultural products that better satisfy the needs of the tourists and that, at the same time, are compatible with the sustainable management of the destination.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to contribute to promoting the relationship between tourism, sustainability and heritage in Latin America.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Koch, Peter, and Daniela Marzo. "A two-dimensional approach to the study of motivation in lexical typology and its first application to French high-frequency vocabulary." Studies in Language 31, no. 2 (April 6, 2007): 259–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.2.02koc.

Full text
Abstract:
‘Morphological’ and ‘semantic’ motivation are not just two types (Ullmann 1966), but two interrelated dimensions of the problem of lexical motivation. For instance, Fr. poire ‘pear’ — poirier ‘pear-tree’ expresses the same cognitive relation as the polysemy of Russ. gruša, and, at the same time, polysemy is only one formal device among others expressing cognitive relations that underlie lexical motivation. So the two dimensions of formal and cognitive relations in motivation only exist in combination. A sub-dimension of the formal aspect of motivation is the degree of formal transparency (cf. Fr. jouer ‘to play a game’ — jeu ‘game’). This factorization in different dimensions leads to a universally applicable grid for the description of lexical motivation. As a first step of a future comparative research project of lexical motivation in different languages it is applied to the 500 most frequent lexical words of French and yields a systematic motivational profile of French high-frequency vocabulary. In Section 5.3 the French pilot study is discussed in view of an approach to lexical typology which could be applied to any other language.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Usmonovich, Tilakov Ismoiljon. "Issues Of Employee Motivation In The System Of Market Relations." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue03-09.

Full text
Abstract:
This article discusses the issues of employee motivation in the system of market relations. Employee incentives seem like a simple task from the outside, but it has its own complexities that can lead to a number of imbalances for the employer
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Haerens, Leen, Christa Krijgsman, Athanasios Mouratidis, Lars Borghouts, Greet Cardon, and Nathalie Aelterman. "How does knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test relate to adolescents’ situational motivation in physical education? A self-determination theory approach." European Physical Education Review 25, no. 4 (July 22, 2018): 983–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x18783983.

Full text
Abstract:
Students’ knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test is a crucial component of assessment quality. Grounded in self-determination theory, we investigated whether knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test related to students’ situational motivation and experienced anxiety during physical education (PE). We also examined whether these relations were: (a) mediated by need-based experiences; and (b) moderated by teachers’ motivating style. Participants were 659 students (55.54% boys, 44.46% girls, mean age 14.72 years, standard deviation = 0.94) out of 40 classes from 32 schools taught by 39 different PE teachers. Analyses through multilevel structural equation modeling showed that students with more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test valued and enjoyed the lesson more (i.e. autonomous motivation), and felt less aloof (i.e. amotivation). Relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ situational motivation were mediated by experienced need satisfaction. Specifically, students who had more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test felt more in charge of their learning process (i.e. autonomy satisfaction), felt more effective in reaching their goals (i.e. competence satisfaction) and felt more connected to the teacher (i.e. relatedness satisfaction). Although relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ motivation were not moderated by teachers’ motivating style, teachers’ motivating style displayed independent relations with students’ motivation. Implications for assessment quality and students’ motivation in PE are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Leventhal, Adam M., Andrew J. Waters, Christopher W. Kahler, Lara A. Ray, and Steve Sussman. "Relations between anhedonia and smoking motivation." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 11, no. 9 (July 1, 2009): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp098.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hoff, Eva V., Alexandra Ekman, and Anna Kemdal Pho. "Fantasy as a Driving Force: Relations Between Fantasy and Motivation in Children." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 38, no. 3 (October 10, 2017): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236617734787.

Full text
Abstract:
The relationship between children’s fantasy involvement and motivational style at school was investigated. Participants were 95 Swedish children in third to fifth grade (9–11 years). Fantasy involvement was measured with the Children’s Fantasy Inventory and motivation in the classroom was measured with the Goal Orientation Scales. Results revealed that being highly imaginative was related to higher mastery goal orientation. Among the two subscales with positive fantasy content, one—fanciful and happy fantasies—was connected to mastery goals. Among the two negative fantasy scales one—scary daydreams and attention lapses—was linked to avoidance goals. An implication of the results for teaching and learning situations is that fantasy involvement may function as a resource for motivating students.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kovačević, Milan, Srđan Blagojević, and Bojan Kuzmanović. "Sustainability of the Motivation Policy Model for Employees in State Administration." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 7974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197974.

Full text
Abstract:
An important condition for the performance sustainability of organizations, in the public and state sector, is the maintenance and improvement of the employee motivation policy model. Motivation for work has a significant impact on the success of modern organizations; the impact is multidimensional and complex, and it has been confirmed empirically. Motivation is influenced by numerous factors, of different influence and hierarchy, which depend on socio-economic conditions and cultural determinants, but also on the characteristics of employees, and it is necessary to constantly monitor them. The paper presents a sustainable model of employee motivation in public administration and the results of research on the hierarchy and the impact of motivation factors on employees of different demographic characteristics. The research was conducted by an anonymous survey of 2128 respondents (1576 employees in the state administration and 552 persons employed in the Republic of Serbia outside the state administration), in the period March–June 2020. The questionnaire developed for this research has 16 questions on motivating factors with a scale with a high level of internal consistency. Using one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), tests of subsequent comparisons, and t-test, statistically significant differences are determined for the influence of motivational factors on respondents of different levels of education, age, role in organization, gender, and family status—also, the magnitude of influence ranges from small to large. The influence of motivational factors is greater for older people, for people with a higher level of education, for managers in relation to workers, for women in relation to men, as well as for persons in marriage in relation to persons out of wedlock. By applying multi-criteria analysis, the factors are ranked: the amount of salary and good interpersonal relations are at the top, while criticism and information about work are in the last positions. As a factor that negatively affects motivation, low wages stands out. The difference in the motivation of state administration members was determined by comparing the results of motivational factors’ influence with the appropriate sample of employees outside the state administration. Differences were registered for 15 out of 16 factors (only for the factor high wages, there is no difference), and the magnitude of the impact is medium and small.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Relations of motivation"

1

Щигло, Лариса Володимирівна, Лариса Владимировна Щигло, and Larysa Volodymyrivna Shchyglo. "Studying of motivational relations of lexical units." Thesis, Published by International Academy of Science and Higher Education, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32562.

Full text
Abstract:
Мотиваційні зв'язки між твірними і похідними основами слова визначаються в лінгвістиці як окремий вид парадигматичних відносин на лексичному рівні і є характерними тільки для вторинних одиниць мови. На мовному рівні існує три типи мотивації: семіотична, формальна і семантична. Дана стаття присвячена проблемі мотиваційних відносин між твірними і похідними основами слова При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32562
Мотивационные связи между производящими и производными основами слова определяются в лингвистике как отдельный вид парадигматических отношений на лексическом уровне и являются характерными только для вторичных единиц языка. На языковом уровне существует три типа мотивации: семиотическая, формальная и семантическая. Данная статья посвящена проблеме мотивационных отношений между производящими и производными основами слова При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32562
Motivational relations between the first stems and the secondary stems are determined in linguistics as the separate type of paradigmatic relations on the lexical level and are characteristic only for the secondary stems. There are three types of motivation on the lingual level: semiotic, formal (word-forming) and semantic. This article deals with the problem of motivational relations between the first stems and the secondary stems of lexical units. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32562
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yousaf, Omar. "The influence of consistency motivation on religious attitude-behaviour relations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609837.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bélair, Meggy. "Relations entre la motivation au changement, l'alliance et l'efficacité thérapeutique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26349.

Full text
Abstract:
L’objectif de l’étude est de vérifier l’apport du modèle transthéorique de changement chez une clientèle anxieuse ou dépressive en explorant les relations entre la motivation au changement, l’alliance thérapeutique et l’efficacité de la thérapie. L’échantillon est composé de 131 participants se présentant volontairement à une clinique de psychologie pour traiter des symptômes anxieux ou dépressifs. Des questionnaires évaluant la motivation au changement, l’alliance thérapeutique et la sévérité des symptômes sont complétés en début et fin de suivi. La majorité de l’échantillon se situe aux stades de contemplation en début de traitement. Les clients plus engagés dans l’action et moins déprimés évaluent l’alliance plus favorablement. Seule l’alliance du client en fin de suivi est associée à l’amélioration des symptômes dépressifs. L’importance pour le clinicien de porter une attention à l’ambivalence du client au début du traitement est soulignée. La validation du questionnaire de motivation au changement et la standardisation de normes cliniques d’interprétation sont recommandées.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Petersson, Eleanor, and Mia Theise. "Att motivera elever till läsning : En studie av fyra lärare i de tidiga åren." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70026.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to investigate how four teachers work to motivate pupils to read. The study also investigates the similarities and differences between grades 1 and 3 in the teachers’ efforts to motivate pupils to read. Reading is a central part of school work, not only in the subject of Swedish but also in other subjects. The result of previous PISA studies shows that Swedish pupils have deteriorated in reading comprehension. We therefore want to find out how teachers work to motivate pupils to read. The method in the study proceeds from semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The result shows that different methods are used to motivate pupils to read. Reading aloud is a method that all teachers use in order to motivate the pupils. It was also found that the informants work with external motivation. This means, for example, rewarding pupils when they read or telling them what the purpose of reading is. More similarities than differences were found in the way teachers work with motivation in grades 1 and 3.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sahlin, Lisa, Madelene Engström, and Josefin Norman. "Möjligheter och svårigheter med motivation inom tvångsvården - En kvalitativ studie vid Rällsögården." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23643.

Full text
Abstract:
LVM- vården har som uppgift att bryta ett destruktivt missbruk, främja motivationen till fortsatt frivillig vård samt långsiktigt främja frihet från missbruk och utvecklandet av en sundare livsstil.      Syftet med studien var att undersöka motiverande faktorer vid Rällsögården utifrån ett klient- och personalperspektiv. Likheter och skillnader mellan klienters och personals uppfattningar om motiverande faktorer analyserades för att undersöka vilken eventuell inverkan dessa kan ha på Rällsögårdens mål att motivera klienten till fortsatt frivillig vård. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet behandlar relationsskapande inom en tvångsvårdskontext, LVM-vårdens syfte och verkställande samt motivationsfaktorer inom tvångsvården.      För att besvara syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes studien med en kvalitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna bestod av tre personal och tre klienter från Rällsögården.      Resultatet av studien visar att faktorer som rör relation, organisation samt yttre och inre faktorer i klientens liv kan ses som motiverande faktorer av så väl personal som klienter på Rällsögården. Resultatet visar också på betydande skillnader i personalens och klienternas uppfattningar av dessa motiverande faktorer exempelvis vad som anses motiverande för klienterna till fortsatt behandling.
The purpose of custodial care is to break a destructive abuse, to improve the motivation of an addiction treatment by choice and to prevent misusage by long-term and to improve the development of a healthier lifestyle.      The purpose of this study was to examine motivational factors at Rällsögården from the perspective of clients and staff. The similarities and differences between the staff and clients opinions about motivational factors were analyzed to examine what eventual impact they could have of Rällsögårdens goal to motivate the clients to an addiction treatment by choice.      Prior research within the subject describe the creation of relations in a context of custodial care, the purpose and performance of the law of custodial care and the motivational factors within the custodial care.      To fulfill the purpose and to respond to the question formulation the study were examined with a qualitative research method. Semi constructed interviews were used to collect the data. The respondents were three people from the staff of Rällsögården and three clients of Rällsögården.      The result of the study shows that relations, organization and internal and external factors are to be seen as motivational factors by the staff as well as the clients of Rällsögården. The result also shows significant differences in both clients and the staff’s opinion of these motivational factors for example what are to be considered motivational for the clients an addiction treatment by choice.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Drutschmann, Sebastian. "Motivation, markets and client relations in the British private security industry." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/motivation-markets-and-client-relations-in-the-british-private-security-industry(87278d6c-a388-4b4d-866e-992eaa210210).html.

Full text
Abstract:
One persistent concern about the increasingly widespread use of private security companies (PSCs) is that, unlike the state-organized military, PSCs are inherently unreliable and disloyal because they are primarily motivated by profit and only subject to limited controls. Yet if these concerns were valid, one should expect misconduct to be PSCs' default behavioural option. Evidence from UK PSCs operating in Iraq and Afghanistan from 2003-2009, however, suggests that misconduct was relatively rare, given how widely PSCs were used in both theatres of operation. Indeed, PSCs are frequently lauded for their professionalism and loyalty - particularly by their customers, who arguably have a close view of their behaviour. The core problem of this thesis is, therefore, the question why misconduct is actually not more prevalent in the UK private security industry (PSI). It argues that the dominant conceptualization of PSC behaviour overemphasises the importance of financial interests in their decision-making. Using Granovetter's concept of embeddedness, this thesis suggests that the social context of PSCs, through institutions, networks and power relationships, shapes their economic actions. In a three-level analysis, it shows how (1) the decisionmaking processes in individual PSCs, (2) competition in the market for PSC services and (3) the (contractual) relationship between PSCs and their clients reduce the likelihood of misconduct. Rather than being exclusively interested in maximising their corporate profits, PSCs are therefore motivated by a complex amalgam of financial and non-financial interests. This motivation, combined with informal regulatory influence from their labour, market and client relations, causes PSC behaviour to be more restricted than previously acknowledged. Adopting a qualitative approach and drawing on over fifty semi-structured interviews with UK PSC representatives and employees, their clients, policy-makers and experts as well as on corporate reports, biographies, academic and media research, this thesis traces the key factors that shaped the behaviour of UK PSCs in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2003-2009. By providing a more nuanced understanding of UK PSC behaviour, this study offers a new approach to PSC regulation. Instead of strict, formal regulation, including intrusive monitoring and strong sanctions, this study demonstrates the advantages of less antagonistic, responsive forms of regulation, which rely on fostering military professionalism in the PSI, on shaping public and private sector demand power in the market for PSC services and on using the relationship dimension of contracting to increase regulatory responsiveness.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Boisvert, Nancy. "Validation de l'Échelle de Motivation du Client face à la Thérapie (EMCT), version française du Client Motivation for Therapy Scale (CMOTS) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1522/24733094.

Full text
Abstract:
Thèse (M.Ps.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2006.
"Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières." CaQTU Comprend des réf. bibliogr. : f. [117]-127. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQTU
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Giesser, Anne. "A comparison of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators between Germany and South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021063.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis explored different perceptions of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in an intercultural context. The main objective of this study was to investigate similarities and differences concerning extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in the workplace between the German and the South African culture by examining individuals with working experience and tertiary education. It provides background information about motivation and a historical overview of previous and current motivational theories as well as cultural influences and differences. In addition, regarding the two cultures the researcher aimed to investigate similarities and differences between other demographics such as gender, age and income. The literature review provides information about extrinsic and intrinsic motivation retrieved from previous research and puts it into an intercultural context. The researcher conducted a quantitative, exploratory study. The data was gathered using an existing research instrument, which was distributed online. The sample comprised 374 respondents. This sample was conducted by a combination of quota and snowball sampling. The obtained data is evaluated and presented in text and table form. The results revealed preferences for intrinsic motivators for the whole sample and higher motivation for the South African part of the sample. Demographic characteristics played a minor role.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dowson, Martin, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Teaching and Educational Studies. "Relations between students' academic motivation, cognition and achievement in Australian school settings." THESIS_CAESS_TES_Dowson_M.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/729.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to investigate relations between students' academic motivation, cognition, and achievement. In particular, substantial issues are investigated involving the interaction of students' academic motivation and cognition, and specifies how selected motivational and cognitive variables may influence student academic achievement. In order to do this, this study develops a causal model of student achievement which, using goal theory as a framework, incorporates both motivational and cognitive variables to account for students' academic achivement. In total, the results suggest that students' academic achievement may be both conceptualised, and operationalised, as the product of interrelations between key facilitating, motivational, and cognitive variables. Despite some limitations, the study suggests several positive directions for future research. These include, in particular, further investigation of the social goals identified, how these goals relate to students' academic cognition, and how selected social goals and strategies together influence students' academic achievement. There is also further scope to investigate the role of particular facilitating variables in 'driving' students' academic motivation and cognition. Thus, the present research provides an empirical basis from which future, complementary, research may be undertaken
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

De, Sousa Silva José. "Le semi-symbolisme phonétique et ses relations de motivation, conventionnalité et arbitrarité." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0009.

Full text
Abstract:
On a analysé la manifestation de sémiotiques signifiantes dans une sémiotique biplane, la langue portugaise brésilienne, avec le but d’y vérifier la possibilité de manifestations de semi-symboles. Les analyses ont été distribuées dans trois catégories linguistiques, la phonético-phonologique, la rhétorique et la prosodique ; et dans trois catégories visuelles, l’eidétique, la topologique et la chromatique. En fait, l’enquête a été surtout concentrée sur les caractéristiques articulatoires, acoustiques, prosodiques, sur la couleur, la forme et le jeu de direction des signifiants sonores dans des chaînes discoursives dans lesquelles le sens véhiculé par la forme d'expression supplantait les valeurs purement stylistiques. La première partie de la thèse présente les fondements théoriques et la méthode de recherche et dans la deuxième se sont déroulée les analyses et les discussions sur les semi-symboles manifestés en textes humoristiques et poétiques issus du contexte culturel brésilien moderne et postmoderne. Pour vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle les semi-symboles se manifestent en tant que des phonèmes dans des sémiotiques biplanes, il ont été mené des analyses sur onze poèmes appartenant à neuf auteurs adeptes de styles littéraires différents, sur deux sketches tirés de l’Os Trapalhões, sur deux extraits de la bande dessinée de la Mônica et sur deux autres du Helmer Fudd, sur un extrait du feuilleton O Bem Amado et sur un monologue comique du comédien Shaolin. Pour bien mener les analyses, on a présenté un modèle opératoire proposé pour la description logico-structurelle des manifestations semi-symboliques dans les ensembles signifiants étudiés. On a élucidé les corrélations entreprises par le biais des notions de motivation, conventionnalité et arbitrarité entre des catégories d’expression et du contenu dans une dimension verbale parfois syncrétique. La recherche a ratifié des distinctions entre langage formelle et langage molaire, elle a mis en évidence la distinction entre les rapport terme à terme et catégorie à catégorie dans les formes et substances des plans sémiotiques délimitant les frontières entre signe linguistique, symbole, semi-symbole et symbolisme phonétique en plus de discuter le rôle de la répétition et du contexte pour la mise en place du sens semi-symbolique. L’étude a révélé en outre qu’avant de parler sur semi-symboles, le rapport de motivation entre le signifiant et le signifié avait déjà été touché, grosso modo, en termes de symbolisme phonétique par la Phonostylistique et même avant cela avait déjà été touché, entre autres, par Platon (dans un certain degré linguistique), dans le Cratyle ; par Humboldt en termes de motivation picturale, symbolique et analogique ; par Guiraud en termes de motivation interne et externe au système linguistique ; par Saussure en termes de motivation intralinguistique, c’est-à-dire, en tant que moyen de formation de mots et renouvellement du lexique concernant de plus près les classes des onomatopées, des conjonctions et le processus de composition morphologique. Il est avéré que tant la motivation comme la conventionnalisation coproduisent et coopèrent à la fois au processus de semiosis. Enfin, il a été constaté que la manifestation semi-symbolique est possible dans des sémiotiques biplanes à partir de formes d’expressions de la même nature comme de nature syncrétique aussi bien
The manifestation of signifying semiotics was analyzed in a biplane semiotic, the Brazilian Portuguese language, with the aim of verifying the possibility of manifestations of semi-symbols. The analyses were distributed in three linguistic categories, the phonetic-phonological, prosodic, rhetoric; and in three visual categories, eidetic, topological and chromatic. Indeed, the investigation was mostly focused on the articulatory, acoustic, prosodic characteristics on the color, shape and on the direction play of the sound signifiers in the discursive chains in which the meaning conveyed by the form of expression surppasses the values purely stylistic. The first part of the thesis presented the theoretical foundations and the method of research and in the second part was performed the analysis and the discussions about the semi-symbols manifested in humorous and poetic texts outcome from modern and postmodern Brazilian cultural context. To test the hypothesis that the semi-symbols occur as phonemes in semiotic biplanes, it was analyzed eleven poems from nine authors who are followers of different literary styles, two sketches drawn from Os Trapalhões, two extracts from the cartoon Monica’s Gang and two others from Helmer Fudd, an extract from the soap opera O Bem Amado and other from a Shaolin’s stand-up comedy show. To perform the analysis, it was proposed an operating model for the logical-structural discription of the semi-symbolic manifestations in the studied signifying ensembles. It was elucidated the correlations engages through the notions of motivation, conventionality and arbitrariness between categories of the expression and the categories of content of a verbal dimension sometimes syncretic. The research ratified distinctions between formal language and molar language, it highlighted the distinction between the relation term to term and category to category between forms and substances of the semiotic plans delineating the boundaries between linguistic sign, symbol, semi-symbol and phonetic symbolism in addiction to discussing the role of the repetition and context for the setting of semi-symbolic meaning. The study also reveals that before talking about semi-symbols, the relation of motivation between signifier and signified had already described grosso modo in termes of phonetic symbolisms by Phonostylistics and even before that it had also touched by, amongst others, Plato, in the Cratylus (in a certain language degree); by Humboldt in terms of pictorial, symbolic and analogical motivation; by Guiraud in terms of internal and external motivation into linguistic system; by Saussure in terms of intralinguistic motivation, i.e., as a meand for word formation and renewal of the lexicon touching closer to classes of the onomatopoeias and of the conjoctions and the process of morphological composition. It was evident that both the motivation and the conventionalization co-occur and cooperate to the process of semiosis. Finally, it was found that the semi-symbolic manifestation is possible in biplane semiotics as from forms of the expression of same nature as syncretic nature as well
Tratou-se da análise da manifestação de semióticas significantes, em uma semiótica biplana, a língua portuguesa, com o objetivo de aí verificar a possibilidade de manifestações de semissímbolos. Distribuíram-se as análises em seis categorias linguísticas, a fonético-fonológica, a prosódica e a retórica; e em três categorias visuais, a eidética, a topológica e a cromática. Na verdade, a investigação foi concentrada principalmente sobre as características articulatórias, acústicas, prosódicas, sobre a cor, a forma e o jogo de direção dos significantes sonoros em cadeias discursivas nas quais osentido veiculado pela forma da expressão suplanta os valores meramente estilísticos. Na primeira parte da tese, apresentam-se os fundamentos teóricos e o método de investigação e na segunda realizaram-se as análises e as discussões sobre os semissímbolos manifestados em textos humorísticos e poéticos retirados do contexto cultural brasileiro moderno e pós-moderno. Para verificar da hipótese de que os semissímbolos se manifestam como fonemas em semióticas biplanas, foram analisados onze poemas de nove autores seguidores de estilos literários diferentes, dois esquetes retirados de Os Trapalhões, dois excertos dos quadrinhos da Turma da Mônica e dois outros do Elmer Fudd (Hortelino Troca-Letras), um fragmento da novela O Bem Amado e outro de um espetáculo solo do comediante Shaolin. Para realizar as análises, apresentou-se um modelo operatório para a descrição lógico-estrutural das manifestações semisímbólicas nos conjuntos significantes estudados. Elucidaram-se as correlações empreendidas por meio das noções de motivação, convencionalidade e arbitrariedade entre categorias de expressão e categorias de conteúdos de uma dimensão verbal por vezes sincrética. A investigação ratificou distinções entre linguagem formal e linguagem molar, tornou patente a distinção entre relação termo a termo e categoria a categoria entre formas e substâncias dos planos semióticos delimitando as fronteiras entre signo linguístico, símbolo, semissímbolo e simbolismo fonético além de discutir o papel da repetição e do contexto para a configuração do sentido semissimbólico. Revelou, ainda, que antes de se falar em semissímbolos a relação de motivação entre o significante e o significado já havia sido descrita, grosso modo, em termos, de simbolismos fonéticos do lado da Fonoestilística e mesmo antes disso já havia sido tocada de certa maneira, entre outros, por Platão em o Crátilo (em certo grau linguístico); por Humboldt, em termos de motivação pictórica, simbólica e analógica; por Guirraud, em termos de motivação interna e externa ao sistema linguístico; por Saussure em termos de motivação intralinguística, ou seja, como expediente de formação de palavras e renovação do léxico tocando mais de perto as classes das onomatopeias, das conjunções e os processos de composição morfológicos. Ficouevidente que tanto a motivação como a convencionalização coocorrem e concorrem para o processo de semiose. Por fim, se constatou que a manifestação semissimbólica é possível em semióticas biplanas a partir de formas da expressão de mesma natureza como de natureza sincrética também
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Relations of motivation"

1

Sassenberg, Kai, Thomas Kessler, and Sabine Otten. Intergroup relations: The role of motivation and emotion. Hove [England]: Psychology Press, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Guo, Simian. Soviet new Asia-Pacific policy: Motivation and practice. Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Social relations and motivation for substance abuse treatment among prisoners. New York: LFB Scholarly Pub., 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Heinzig, Dieter. Soviet foreign policy under Gorbachev: Motivation, practice, theory, perspectives. Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pitt, Kathy. Sourcing the self: Debating the relations between language and consciousness. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pitt, Kathy. Sourcing the self: Debating the relations between language and consciousness. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Weinstein, Netta. Human motivation and interpersonal relationships: Theory, research, and applications. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

The expert negotiator: Strategy, tactics, motivation, behaviour, leadership. 4th ed. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Delannoy, Cécile. La motivation: Désir de savoir, décision d'apprendre. Paris: CNDP, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gagarinskai︠a︡, G. P. Motivat︠s︡ii︠a︡ trudovoĭ dei︠a︡telʹnosti personala na predprii︠a︡tii︠a︡kh: Monografii︠a︡. Samara: Samarskiĭ Dom pechati, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Relations of motivation"

1

Myers, Wayne L., and Ganapati P. Patil. "Motivation and Computation." In Multivariate Methods of Representing Relations in R for Prioritization Purposes, 1–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3122-0_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sun, Brenda. "Pay and Motivation in Chinese Enterprises." In Changing Workplace Relations in the Chinese Economy, 205–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333978030_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Weiner, Bernard. "Elaborating the Theory: Transactional Associations and Added Relations." In An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion, 225–41. New York, NY: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4948-1_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Larjavaara, Meri. "The semantic motivation of non-canonical predicative relations." In Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa, 163–79. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lis.33.07lar.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kim, Hyunjin, and Soo Jung Lee. "Korean Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of Parent-Teacher Partnerships: The Effects of Motivation and Teaching Beliefs." In Home-School Relations, 245–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0324-1_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hartig, Terry. "Restoration in Nature: Beyond the Conventional Narrative." In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 89–151. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69020-5_5.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe restoration perspective on human adaptation offers a broad view of relations between environment and health; however, it remains underutilized as a source of insight for nature-and-health studies. In this chapter, I start from the restoration perspective in showing ways to extend theory and research concerned with the benefits of nature experience. I first set out the basic premises of the restoration perspective and consider how it has come to have particular relevance for understanding the salutary values now commonly assigned to nature experience. I then discuss the currently conventional theoretical narrative about restorative effects of nature experience and organize some of its components in a general framework for restorative environments theory. Extending the framework, I put forward two additional theories. These call attention to the restoration of resources as held within closer relationships and as held collectively by members of a population. In closing, I consider ways to work with the general framework and further develop the narrative about nature, restoration, and health. The extensions made here raise important considerations for nature preservation efforts, urban planning, health promotion strategies, and ways of thinking about human–nature relations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Dadi, Sami, and Lixian Jin. "Social Network Relations in Omani Students’ Motivation to Learn English." In Researching Cultures of Learning, 285–307. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137296344_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Butz, David A., and E. Ashby Plant. "Approaching versus avoiding intergroup contact: The role of expectancies and motivation." In Moving beyond prejudice reduction: Pathways to positive intergroup relations., 81–98. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/12319-004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Adams, Megan, and Gloria Quinones. "Social Relations and Friendships: Pathways to Study Motive, Motivation and Subjectivity." In Theory of Subjectivity from a Cultural-Historical Standpoint, 157–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1417-0_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Agarwal, Sharad, Yashwant Singh Yadav, and Abhilash Acharya. "Impact of CSR-Driven Internal Employee Motivation on Cordiality of Employee Relations." In Managing in Recovering Markets, 315–25. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1979-8_25.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Relations of motivation"

1

Kozhukhar, Galina, and Vladimir Kovrov. "REAL AND VIRTUAL INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS, INTERNET-MOTIVATION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.2411.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Afdani, Lutfi, Amung Ma'mun, Yusup Hidayat, and Ira Purnamasari. "Effectiveness of Communication Interpersonal Relations with Achievement Motivation and Mental Toughness." In 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007066806190624.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Poom-Valickis, Katrin. "Relations Between Student Teachers' Basic Needs Fulfillment, Study Motivation, And Ability Beliefs." In 8th International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.10.74.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Abidin, A. Zaenal, Dyah Rachmadani, Galih Mahardika Christian Putra, and Deni Setiawan. "Relations Between Parent’s Attention and Learning Motivation With Social Science Learning Outcome." In 2nd Annual Conference on Education and Social Science (ACCESS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210525.046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bobková, Marcela, and Ladislav Lovaš. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTONOMOUS VERSUS EXTERNAL MOTIVATION AND REGULATORY FOCUS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact060.

Full text
Abstract:
"The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between different forms of motivation mindsets. The integrative model of motivated behavior (Meyer, Becker, & Vandenberghe, 2004) indicates relations between the forms of motivation identified in the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and the regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997, 1998). A concept of goal regulation proposes relations between autonomous versus external motivation and promotion versus prevention focus. The research involved 288 university students. Participants rated their motivation for three personal goals on scales assessing self-concordance (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999). The regulatory focus was assessed by the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ, Higgins et al., 2001). It was found that autonomous motivation was significantly positively related to promotion focus. Furthermore, autonomous motivation predicted promotion focus. Between external motivation and prevention focus a significant relationship was not confirmed. However, external motivation significantly negatively correlated with promotion focus."
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kim, Mijin. "Motivation-behavior relations: An empirical analysis for playing experience on social network games." In 2011 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igic.2011.6115131.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Shengelia, Temur. "DETERMINATION OF CORRELATIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL, TRUST AND MOTIVATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMPANY." In 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/bmc.2017.006.017.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Perchenko, Elena, and Tatiana Gudina. "Features of the Motivation of Russian and Foreign Students Studying at the University." In VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Current problems of social and labour relations' (ISPC-CPSLR 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210322.167.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Blašková, Martina, and Hideyuki Kokubo. "PARANORMAL EXPERIENCE RELATED TO IMPROVING ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF SLOVAK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/10.

Full text
Abstract:
Currently, at the beginning of the 21st century‘s third decade, scientific attention must be focused on modern topics. These challenges include also the paranormal experience of university students. However, many of university executives either downplay it or even reject it. With this behavior, they fail to reveal the important potentials that are contained in the intra-motivational system of each student. In this way, they lose the opportunity to properly target the university's motivational efforts and programs aimed at strengthening academic motivation. The aim of paper is to fulfill this gap. It analyzes, compares and synthesizes theoretical views in the field, and completes them in terms of positive and negative impacts on intrapsychic balance and motivation of the student. In an effort to increase the scientific relevance of paper, two hypotheses are set. H1: There exist relevant relations among searched paranormal phenomena, H2: Occurrence of paranormal phenomena depends on the gender. The empirical part presents the results of a unique survey participated by Slovak HE students. With the use of frequency analysis, χ2 test and Product-Moment Correlation, the most important findings include that among paranormal events, students experience the most especially déjà vu, presentiment, and 6th sense belief. The most frequently un-experienced events are: out of body experience, telepathy, and signs of ghosts. Almost half of the phenomena show significant relationships. Also, the statistical significance of gender dependence was approved for 4 of 8 searched phenomena: déjà vu, telepathy, 6th sense belief, and signs of ghosts. Confirming both hypotheses, it can be deduced that consider for anomalousness could be a great inspiration for academic motivation increase. Several ways for improvement of motivation are suggested, and recommendations for the university management with regard to master the negative impacts of these phenomena are formulated in the conclusion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lara Nieto-Márquez, Natalia, Miguel Ángel Pérez Nieto, and Alejandro Baldominos. "RELATIONS OF USE DIGITAL MATERIALS AT CLASSROOM TO MOTIVATION AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.2461.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Relations of motivation"

1

Peñafiel-Saiz, C., M. Ronco-López, and L. Echegaray-Eizaguirre. Young people, health and the internet. Perceptions, attitudes and motivations of young people in relation to health information. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2017-1221en.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Stadnyk, Vаlentyna, Pavlo Izhevskiy, Nila Khrushch, Sergii Lysenko, Galyna Sokoliuk, and Tetjana Tomalja. Strategic priorities of innovation and investment development of the Ukraine's economy industrial sector. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4471.

Full text
Abstract:
The problem of determining the investment priorities of the national economy development has been actuated. It has been argued that the formation of institutional preferences for activation of industry investment processes should be carried out taking into account the potential ability of each sectoral group enterprises to increase the added value. The scientific and methodical approach for sub-sectors investment attractiveness assessment has been formed on the example of the Ukrainian food industry. It has been recommended to use for this substantiated set of relative performance indexes which are duplicated in aggregate statistical state surveys based on the enterprise’s financial statements. It has been formed the recommendations for the investment priorities of food industry development in Ukraine which are based on the appropriate calculations made by the TOPSIS and CRITIC methods. Methods of economic-statistical and comparative analysis were used for structural and dynamic characteristics of the Ukraine industrial enterprises activities. Given that innovation processes should also cover small and medium-sized industrial enterprises, whose resource opportunities are mostly limited, it is proposed to expand them within the framework of a strategic partnership. Graphic modeling methods have been used to visualize the process of building the business structures resource potential on the basis of their strategic partnership. The influence of the motivational environment on the value of organizational relations within the partnership has been formalized.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.

Full text
Abstract:
The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography