Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relational cues'
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1
Jenkins, Alexander. "Relational Training Of Contextual Cues And Responses Allocation Towards Slot Machines." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2778.
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Slot machine gambling is the most addictive form of gambling and it is the most popular type of gambling in America (Abbot, 2001). The United States ranks number 1 in annual gambling losses, which equaled to about 40 million dollars (Ghezzi, Lyons, & Dixon, 2000). The present study sought to expand on previous studies by Zlomske & Dixon (2006) and Hoon et al. (2008) by using of contextual cues to teach conditional discrimination relations, one through exclusion, and evaluated the participants' response allocation across four different colored slot machines. Results demonstrated that all of the participants except for one was able to score one correct response when tested on the exclusionary stimuli. Further analysis showed that only a few of the participants' response allocation on the gambling task was altered towards the slot machines that shared the contextual cues of "best" and "greater than".
2
Catrone, Rocco Giovanni. "Relational training of contextual cues and self-rule formation in simulated slot machines." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1795.
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Between 1% and 1.4% of people who engage in gambling behaviors lead to disordered or pathological gambling (Whiting & Dixon, 2015), while 44% of all money spent on legal gambling is done so with slot machines (Choliz, 2010). Various behavioral concepts have been theorized as a possible source of gambling addition; losses disguised as wins (LDWs), near-miss, gamblers’ fallacy, illusions of control, and verbally constructed self-rules related to these topics. The current study sought to extend the previous research on condition discrimination in altering slot machine preference while also analyzing the effects of vocalized self-rules during slot machine selection. Conclusions are drawn regarding results comparing cumulative selection to various vocal statement categories. Limitations are expressed and future research is suggested.
3
Daar, Jacob. "Using Contextual Cues to Influence the Role of Priming in the Transformation of Stimulus Functions: A Relational Frame Theory Investigation in Implicit Social Stereotyping." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3056.
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This basic study was designed to explore the conceptualization of prejudice as a form of contextually controlled, derived, and arbitrarily applicable relational responding. Basic studies utilizing RFT methodologies have yielded examples of how stimulus functions of one set of stimuli, such as a stereotyped group, can transform the functions of another stimulus, such as an individual. Priming procedures, as contextual cues, have been used to affect prejudicial responding. Stimuli participating in relational frames have been shown to be sensitive to such priming procedures; however, the role of context in the priming of derived relational responses has not yet been established. In the present study, 11 participants were trained to respond to four 3-member equivalence classes, consisting of word-like stimuli, under the contextual control of two background colors. Participants then completed a single-word lexical decision task in which prime/target pairs, consisting of related and unrelated pairs, were presented with and without contextual cues. For participants who successfully completed the training phase, response latencies to identify related pairs were generally shorter than for pairs involving a neutral word. However, response latencies between related pairs and unrelated pairs, consisting only of previously trained stimuli, failed to meet statistically significant differentiation. Responses were also similar between contextually related and contextually unrelated word pairs. The results failed to indicate the presence of a contextually controlled semantic priming effect at a statistically significant level; however, these results do suggest the possible presence of an episodic priming effect.
4
Thorpe, Jonathan Benjamin Alexis. "Human sound localisation cues and their relation to morphology." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516626.
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5
Ashton, Rebecca Louise. "An assessment of learning in dogs in relation to cues conveyed by humans." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39135.
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In some instances, dogs show proficient skill in search tasks involving object permanence and gestures from humans, yet it is unclear the extent to which they rely on associative learning to solve these tasks. To address this issue, the Mediational Learning Paradigm (Rumbaugh, 1984) was modified to include 1) object cues 2) human communicative cues and 3) non-social physical cues. In the initial discrimination, two containers were presented at locations A and B with reward contingency A+B-. Once a specified performance criterion was met, the rewarded location was switched and three conditions were presented: the original locations (A-B+), and each location paired with a novel location (A-C+, B+D-). Associative learning predicted low performance in A-B+ due to pre-existing tendency to search A and avoid B, where novel location conditions involve only one of these. Alternatively, associative strategy would predict equal performance in all conditions, as search is informed by object cues or human gestures. In the absence of any cues, dogs relied on associative learning, and the same was true when object cues were presented at the point of reversal. Communicative gestures from humans led dogs to shift away from associative processes, supporting the notion dogs have a comprehension in socio-communication with humans. However, after cue duration was matched with an object cue, dogs were also able to override associative learning without a socio-communicative cue. Additionally, non-social physical cues in the reversal phase were sufficient for dogs to override the effects of associative learning, but dogs were not able to discriminate based on these cues alone. These results suggest that when food location changes, dogs are prone to search the same location even when there are cues indicating the correct location. Dogs comprehend human pointing cues, but require explicit cues to break away from associative learning as a search strategy. Social cues maximise the chances of searching correctly, but they can also benefit from explicit non-social cues.
6
Serre, Fuschia. "Application de la méthode d'évaluation en vie quotidienne (EMA) à l'étude du craving : influence des stimuli conditionnés et relation avec l'usage de substances." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22010/document.
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Le craving est considéré comme une composante centrale de l’addiction, potentiellement impliquée dans les processus de rechute, et influencée par de nombreux facteurs. Les études ayant examiné le lien entre craving et rechute montrent cependant des résultats contradictoires. Ces divergences pourraient s’expliquer par les limites méthodologiques rencontrées pour évaluer le craving de façon rétrospective ou pour l’induire expérimentalement en laboratoire. La méthode EMA (Ecological Momentary Assessment) utilise des technologies mobiles afin d’évaluer les sujets dans leur environnement naturel et de récolter des données en temps réel. Cette approche est particulièrement intéressante pour étudier les fluctuations rapides du craving, capturer l’influence des variables environnementales, ainsi que pour examiner le lien prospectif entre plusieurs variables. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’utiliser la méthode EMA afin d’examiner en vie quotidienne le craving, ses modérateurs, et son lien avec l’usage de substances chez des sujets dépendants débutant une prise en charge pour une addiction à une substance. L’analyse de la littérature révèle que la majorité des études EMA examinant le craving concerne le tabac et l’alcool, et que peu d’études ont examiné ce phénomène pour des substances illégales. La partie expérimentale de cette thèse a permis de 1) démontrer la faisabilité et la validité de la méthode EMA chez des sujets dépendants, quelle que soit la substance de dépendance (tabac, alcool, cannabis ou opiacés), 2) montrer un lien prospectif unidirectionnel entre l’intensité du craving et l’usage de substances pour les 4 groupes de substances, et 3) mettre en évidence une augmentation du craving face à des stimuli conditionnés (cues) rencontrés en vie quotidienne, augmentation d’autant plus importante qu’il s’agissait de cues individuels (personnels à chaque sujet). Cette étude démontre l’intérêt de la méthode EMA dans l’étude des addictions, souligne le rôle du craving dans les processus de rechute, et encourage le développement de protocoles d’extinction de la réactivité aux cues centrés sur des cues individuels propres à chaque sujetCraving is a central component of addiction, involved in relapse process and under the influence of many factors. However, studies examining the link between craving and relapse have revealed some contradictory results. These inconsistencies could be due to limits encountered to assess craving in laboratory or clinical settings. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods use mobile technologies to assess subjects in their daily life, and collect data in real time. EMA is particularly well suited to assess fluctuations of craving, capture influence of environmental moderators, and examine prospective link between variables. The objective of this thesis was to use EMA to examine craving, its moderators, and its link with substance use in daily life among substance-dependent outpatients evaluated at treatment intake. Review of the literature revealed that majority of EMA studies examining craving concerned tobacco and alcohol, but only few examined illegal substances. The experimental part of this thesis 1) demonstrated that EMA methods are feasible and provide valid data in individuals with dependence for different types of substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opiates), 2) showed a prospective unidirectional association between craving and subsequent substance use in the 4 groups of substances, and 3) confirmed that conditioned stimuli (cues) encountered in daily life are associated with an increase of craving intensity, and showed that individual personalized cues elicit a more robust effect on craving compared to standard cues. These results highlight the relevance of using EMA methods to study addiction, suggest that craving has a key place in the relapse process, and encourage to develop tailorised extinction protocols centered on individual cues rather than standard non-specific cues
7
Høgh, Henriette Panduro. "Ageing differences on cued anagram puzzles in relation to inhibition and interference." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427858.
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葉慧敏 and Wai-man Ip. "Birds of a feather and birds flocking together: static versus dynamic perceptual cues could lead totrait- versus goal-based group perception." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243162.
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9
Ip, Wai-man. "Birds of a feather and birds flocking together : static versus dynamic perceptual cues could lead to trait- versus goal-based group perception /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25139435.
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10
Ventura, Lisa Marian Nance. "Using public relations to lessen the impact of budget cuts in a public elementary school." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/847.
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Public schools in California have suffered severe budget cuts, causing lay-offs among teachers and support staff, class size increases, and program cuts. This thesis includes an audit of a public elementary school to determine its use of public relations practices to establish family and community partnerships. Such partnerships often channel much needed resources into schools. In-person interviews were conducted with administrators, teachers, parents and community members. Participants were asked to answer both open-and closed-ended questions. School publications were also reviewed. 6 Results showed that the school has established partnerships within the community. These partnerships were established to provide services to children without access to dental or healthcare. However, these partnerships are limited, and they impact only a small number of students. Results also show a willingness on the part of parents and community members to volunteer at the School. However, the School has not communicated that there is such a need. Suggestions are made for ways the School might use public relations to enhance outreach efforts.
11
Lin, Xialing. "Social Media And Credibility Indicator: The Effects Of Bandwagon And Identity Cues Within Online Health And Risk Contexts." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/46.
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Three studies were conducted to investigate how social media affordances influence individuals’ source credibility perceptions in risk situations. The MAIN model (Sundar, 2008), warranting theory (Walther & Parks, 2002), and signaling theory (Donath, 1999) served as the theoretical framework to examine the effects of bandwagon cues and identity cues embedded in retweets and users’ profile pages for health and risk online information processing. Study One examines whether bandwagon heuristics triggered by retweets would influence individuals’ source credibility judgments. Study Two investigates how bandwagon heuristics interact with different identity heuristics in credibility heuristics on an individual level. Study Three explores bandwagon heuristics at the organizational level. Three post-test only experiments with self-report online surveys were conducted to investigate the hypothesis and research questions. Results indicate that different online heuristic cues impact the judgments of competence, goodwill, and trustworthiness at different levels. Authority strongly influenced source credibility perceptions. A reverse-bandwagon effect was observed in influencing source credibility judgments. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
12
Grau, Paricio Carlos. "Influence of predator and food chemical cues in the behaviour of the house mouse (Mus musculus)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0068/document.
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Les rongeurs commensaux sont responsables de grands dommages en agriculture et dans les zones urbaines. En tant qu’espèces invasives, elles peuvent mettre en danger les espèces locales et sont porteurs et vecteurs de plusieurs zoonoses importantes. Les méthodes de contrôle sont basées principalement sur l’utilisation des warfarines, lesquelles produisent un grand nombre d’intoxications sur des espèces non ciblées et ont perdu une partie de leur efficacité à cause des résistances génétiques constatées chez les espèces cibles. De plus, ces méthodes sont considérées comme inhumaines parce qu’elles causent une mort lente et douloureuse par hémorragies. L’olfaction est une source principale d’évaluation des risques présents dans l’environnement pour les rongeurs, avec la perception des signaux chimiques des prédateurs ou signaux de toxicité des plants/nourriture. Cette perception olfactive peut être utilisé pour modifier l’utilisation de l’espace des rongeurs. L’objectif de cette thèse était l’identification des réponses comportementales aux messages chimiques importants (par exemple les signaux chimiques émis par les plantes et les prédateurs) dans l’écologie de la souris domestique (Mus musculus), avec l’utilisation de souches de laboratoire comme modèle des animaux sauvages. Nos résultats ont montré que la souris a évité de façon significative les signaux chimiques complexes du furet et un signal chimique ubiquitaire des plantes, lié à la maturation et la pourriture des aliments (l’éthanol). La protéine du chat Fel d 1, laquelle fait partie de la famille des sécrotoglobines et est un allergène majeur du chat, n’a pas modifié le comportement d’exploration de la souris ou son comportement de recherche et de consommation de nourriture. Le composant chimique des fèces de renard, le TMT a induit un évitement clair et des réponses de stress comme cela a été rapporté dans la littérature. De plus, j’ai fait une revue de la littérature pour évaluer et discuter les méthodes de contrôle des rongeurs d’un point de vue éthique, revue qui a démontré que les méthodes actuelles peuvent être considérés inhumaines et ne correspondent pas aux attentes actuelles de la société et aux standards sur le bien-être dans d’autres domaines comme les élevages de production ou les animaux de laboratoire. Ces résultats ouvrent des nouvelles voies de recherche afin d’identifier les composants chimiques du furet et des plantes liés au comportement d’évitement des rongeurs, les prochaines étapes utilisant des animaux sauvages à la fois en laboratoire et sur le terrainRodent commensal species produce great damage in agriculture and urban areas. As invasive species they can endanger local species and are carriers and vectors of several important zoonoses. Control methods rely mainly on the use of warfarins, which can be inadvertently be taken up by untargeted species. Warfarins have also lost their efficacy in rodents due to the development of genetic resistance. In addition, these methods are considered inhumane as they cause a slow and painful death due to haemorrhages. Olfaction is a main source for environmental risk assessment by rodents, and it can be used to modify their use of space. My aim in this thesis was to identify behavioural reactions of the house mouse (Mus musculus), using laboratory strains as models of wild animals, to ecologically meaningful chemical messages, including predator and plant chemical olfactory cues. My results showed that mice avoided complex ferret olfactory cues and ethanol which is a ubiquitous chemical related to fruit rotting and ripening. The feline protein Fel d 1, which belongs to the secretoglobin family and is a major cat allergen in humans, did not elicit significant avoidance or alter foraging behaviour in mice. However, Trimethylthiazoline purified from fox faeces, elicited clear avoidance behaviour and stress responses. I carried out a bibliographic review to evaluate and discuss rodent pest control methods from an ethical standpoint. This literature showed that many of the current methods of pest control are considered inhumane, and do not tally with current society concerns and welfare standards in other domains such as farms or laboratory animals. These results raise new research questions to identify ferret and plant chemical compounds that can induce rodent avoidance, and to carry out next stage of research with wild animals both under laboratory and field conditions
13
Redmond, Matthew R. "Situational differences in rater's nonverbal cue utilization in the formation of leader perceptions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29188.
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Vitos, Timea. "Electromagnetic form factors of the Sigma*-Lambda transition." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kärnfysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392236.
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We introduce and examine the analytic properties of the three electromagnetic transition form factors of the Sigma*-Lambda hyperon transition. In the first part of the thesis, we discuss the interaction Lagrangian for the hyperons at hand. We calculate the decay rate of the Dalitz decay Sigma* Lambda -> e+e- in the one-photon approximation in terms of the form factors, as well as the differential cross section of the scattering e+e- -> Sigma*bar Lambda in the one-photon approximation. In the second part of the thesis, we build up the machinery for calculation of the form factors using dispersion relations, performing an analytic continuation from the timelike, q2 > 0, to the spacelike, q2 < 0, region of the virtual photon invariant mass q2. Due to an anomalous cut in the triangle diagram arising from a two-pion saturation of the photon-hyperon vertex, there is an additional term in the dispersive integral. We use the scalar three-point function as a model for the examination of the dispersive approach with the anomalous cut. The one-loop diagram is calculated both directly and using dispersion relations. After comparison of the two methods, they are found to coincide when the anomalous contribution is added to the dispersive integral in the case of the octet Sigma exchange. By examination of the branch points of the logarithm in the discontinuity, we deduce the structure of the Riemann surface of the unitarity cut and present trajectories of the branch points. The result of our analysis of the analytic structure yields a correct dispersive relation for the electromagnetic transition form factors. This opens the way for the calculation of these form factors in the low-energy region for both space- and timelike q2. As an outlook, we present preliminary calculations for the hyperon-pion scattering amplitude using the unitarity and the anomalous contribution in a once-subtracted dispersion relation. Finally we present the corresponding preliminary unsubtracted dispersive calculations for the form factors.
15
Kuhn, Jill Ann. "Cue-to-consequence effects in an associative account of causal attribution." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/652.
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Rofey, Dana Lynn. "Demand on Mental Workload: Relation to Cue Reactivity and Craving in Women with Disordered Eating and Problematic Drinking." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1113751476.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.Advisor: Kevin Corcoran. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 20, 2008). Keywords: Stroop; Eating Disorders; Alcohol; Alcoholism; Binge Drinking; Mental Workload; Personality; Bulimia Nervosa. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
17
Somersalo, Heidi. "School environment and children's mental well-being : a child psychiatric view on relations between classroom climate, school budget cuts and children's mental health." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/somersalo/.
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18
Brane, Kate Elizabeth. "Analysis of aggregation behavior of Xenopus Laevis tadpoles in relation to sibling rearing condition and presence of a predator cue." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2004.
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Differential effects on behavior of a focal tadpole subjected either to the absence or presence of a predator cue were examined when the focal animal was in the presence of conspecific tadpoles differing in relatedness and familiarity. Tadpoles of the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) were reared in full-sibling and mixed sibling groups in order to test an individual tadpole’s response to a predator cue while in the social context of a centralized tadpole group that varied in the degree of relatedness and also familiarity. Three different social contexts examined were as follows: 1) focal tadpole both related and familiar (RF) to a centralized tadpole group of 5 individuals from the same clutch and rearing tank; 2) focal tadpole tested with a mixed-related and familiar (MRF) centralized group of tadpoles from four separate clutches but the same rearing tank; and 3) focal animal unrelated and unfamiliar (URUF) with a group of centralized tadpoles from different separate clutches and rearing tanks. BIOBSERVE Viewer2 software allowed a variety of behavioral variables (i.e., velocity, track length, activity, and duration in distinct test arena zones) to be simultaneously filmed and quantitatively recorded for each focal animal. The focal animal was given both visual and olfactory, although not physical, contact with the centralized animals. Focal animal behavior was filmed for 10 minutes, either with or without a conspecific alarm cue present in the test arena. Mean and summary behaviors were calculated for each focal tadpole at 20 s intervals for each minute of the test. The tadpoles in the absence of cue showed greater differences in mean behaviors among test groups toward the end of the ten minute filming period; those in the presence of the cue exhibited a greater number of significant differences in mean values among test groups in the initial part of the films. In the presence of predator cue, test groups responded in a manner that would support the hypothesis of protecting more closely related individuals from the threat of predation and thus increasing inclusive fitness; while in the presence of cue, URUF focal tadpoles tended to expend more time and activity near conspecifics while MRF and RF exhibited behaviors indicating a distancing from center animals. Theoretical expectations for a particular behavior need to be evaluated in the context of the environmental and social conditions. That URUF animals go to the center more in the presence of the cue compared to RF animals suggests that anti-predator strategies are not just a simple response, but may adaptively vary dependent on background conditions. The results of this study support the conclusions that 1) X. laevis tadpoles do respond behaviorally to a conspecific predator cue, 2) the response of the tadpole varies dependent on the potential social interactions available during the predator threat, and 3) these tadpoles behave in manner that can be explained as showing more “altruism” towards related individuals.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Includes bibliographic references (leaves 50-54)
19
Brane, Kate Elizabeth Sullivan Karen Brown. "Analysis of aggregation behavior of Xenopus Laevis tadpoles in relation to sibling rearing condition and presence of a predator cue." A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2004.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Sciences.Copyright 2008 by Kate Brane. All Rights Reserved. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54).
20
Zidat, Timothée. "Communication chimique chez un mammifère social et monogame : rôle dans la sélection sexuelle et les relations entre groupes?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1072.
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La communication chimique (ou olfactive) est la forme de communication la plus répandue dans le règne animal et joue un rôle essentiel dans la médiation des comportements sociaux et reproductifs. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à étudier le rôle que pouvait avoir la communication chimique chez une espèce sociale, la marmotte Alpine (Marmota marmota). Je me suis d'abord intéressée au rôle de l'olfaction dans un contexte de sélection sexuelle. La marmotte Alpine est une espèce à reproduction coopérative et seuls les dominants peuvent se reproduire ce qui génère une compétition intrasexuelle très forte pour l'accès à la reproduction. En analysant les sécrétions de glandes anales de 154 individus par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et spectrométrie de masse, j'ai pu mettre en évidence que les sécrétions chimiques informaient sur le statut de maturité sexuelle, le statut social ainsi que sur le sexe des individus. Ces informations pourraient être impliquées dans la compétition intrasexuelle chez cette espèce. De plus, bien qu'étant socialement monogame, la marmotte Alpine cocufie parfois son partenaire social avec des mâles présentant une meilleure compatibilité génétique (apparentement et génotype au Complexe Majeur d'Histocompatibilité). En analysant les sécrétions de glandes anales de 63 marmottes sexuellement matures, j'ai pu mettre en évidence une concordance entre les distances chimiques et l'apparentement ce qui pourrait permettre aux femelles d'évaluer la compatibilité génétique des partenaires potentiels. Pour finir, la marmotte Alpine étant une espèce territoriale je me suis intéressée au rôle de l'olfaction dans les relations intergroupes. Pour cela, j'ai testé l'hypothèse du « dear enemy phenomenon » et mis en évidence que n'importe quel étranger au groupe social est considéré comme un ennemi du groupe. Pour conclure, mes résultats montrent que la communication chimique semble jouer un rôle essentiel dans les interactions sociales et reproductives chez la marmotte AlpineChemical communication (or olfaction) is the most common form of communication in the animal kingdom and plays an essential role in mediating social and reproductive behaviour. During my Ph.D. thesis, I study the role of chemical communication in a social species, the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota). I was first interested in the role of olfaction in sexual selection context. The Alpine marmot is a cooperative breeder and only the dominant pair access to the reproduction, generating an intense intra-sexual competition for access to reproduction. By analysing anal gland secretions of 154 individuals with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, I found that anal gland secretions could inform on sexual maturity, social status and sex. This information may be involved in intra-sexual competition in this species. Furthermore, although being a socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity occurs in the Alpine marmot. Females choose males with an optimal genetic compatibility (relatedness and genotype to the Major Histocompatibility Complex). By analysing anal gland secretions of 63 sexually mature marmots, I found a significant concordance between chemical distance and relatedness, allowing females to assess the genetic compatibility of the potential partners. Finally, the Alpine marmot as being a territorial species, I was interested in the role of olfaction in relations between groups. For this, I tested the "dear enemy" hypothesis and I highlighted that any stranger to the social group is considered as an enemy of the group. To conclude, chemical communication plays an essential role in social and reproductive interactions in social species
21
Cokal, Derya. "A Contrastive Analysis Of The Pronominal Usages Of This And That In Academic Written Discourse." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606268/index.pdf.
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This study presents a contrastive analysis of the pronominal uses of this and that in academic written discourse. As data, the pronominal uses of this and that are retrieved from journal articles on linguistics. From these journals, 586 articles are scanned for the pronominal uses of this and that and 198 tokens are analysed.
The contrastive analysis is done in terms of the kind and span of referents this and that pick out in discourse, the types of centering transitions they signal and the rhetorical relations in which they are used. In order to investigate the types of transition they signal, the version of centering theory proposed by Grosz and Sidner (1986) and Grosz, Joshi and Weinstein (1995) is used. Also, Marcu&rsquos version (2000) of Rhetorical Structure Theory is used to analyze the rhetorical relations in which the expressions are used. The study also investigate the possible factors that lead an addresser to select one deictic expression instead of the other. The study concludes that this and that are cue phrases rather than discourse markers that construct local and global coherence.
22
Jooste, Christiaan. "Sola scriptura : die Skrifbeskouing in die Gereformeerde Kerke van Suid-Afrika sedert 1959 : ʼn dogmaties-historiese ondersoek / Christiaan Jooste." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8408.
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In the history of the Reformed Churches of South Africa (RCSA) great emphisis was placed
on the notion to make decisions on the basis, and in accordance to the Scriptures. In spite of
this notion, the church community of the RCSA stand in the midst of great tension regarding
some decisions. In the fifty year period from the centenary festival in 1959 to the 150 year
festival in 2009, assemblies of the church community were confronted with many objections
to decisions regarding racial relations, the acceptance of the 1983-translation of the Bible in
Afrikaans, the acceptance of the 2001-Psalter, the use of small cups in the Holy Communion
and the role of women in the offices of deacon, elder and minister. The question that’s being
addressed in this study is, if a shift in the RCSA’s view of Scripture took place.
Chapter 2 gives an historical overview of the decisions that gave way to to the differences
mentioned above. From the historical overview the aspects regarding the view of Scripture
can be formulated.
In chapter 3 the relation between the differences and the view of Scripture are examined. At
first a short definition of the reformed view of Scripture are formulated. Hermeneutical and
view of Scripture aspects of the raports of deputies and decisions of assemblies are tested
according to the formulated definition of a reformed view of Scripture.
Chapter 4 examines the influence that paradigm shifts had on the differences in the RCSA.
Focus is placed on the influence of postmodernism on the one hand and fundamentalism on
the other. Attention is also given to the stance of the RCSA on these two paradigms of
thought with relation to the view of Scripture. In light of the reformed view of Scripture the
postmodern approach to hermeneutics is discarded as well as the the fundamentalist view of
Scripture. In spite of the reality of paradigmshifts, the raports of deputies and the decisions of
assemblies does not reflect this reality.
Chapter 5 tries to point a way out to handle the differences in the ligt of the Reformed view of
Scripture. Focus is placed on the place the sociohistorical context holds in the revelationhistorical
exegetical process. The chapter further investigates the relation between desicions
on Scriptural grounds and the right to protest according to artical 31 of the Reformed
Chrurchorder. Attention in given to so called ordinary cases ans essential cases. The notion
that differences can be solved when dessicions is based on Scripture alone is put forward in
this chapter.Thesis (M.Th. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011
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Moreno, Poyato Antonio Rafael. "Mejorando la relación terapéutica en los cuidados enfermeros a través de la evidencia: una investigación-acción participativa en unidades de agudos de psiquiatría." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398650.
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Pimentel, Thiago Trindade. "Construção dos números reais via cortes de Dedekind." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55136/tde-18102018-164352/.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar a construção dos números reais a partir de cortes de Dedekind. Para isso, vamos estudar os números naturais, os números inteiros, os números racionais e as propriedades envolvidas. Então, a partir dos números racionais, iremos construir o corpo dos números reais e estabelecer suas propriedades. Um corte de Dedekind, assim nomeado em homenagem ao matemático alemão Richard Dedekind, é uma partição dos números racionais em dois conjuntos não vazios A e B em que cada elemento de A é menor do que todos os elementos de B e A não contém um elemento máximo. Se B contiver um elemento mínimo, então o corte representará este elemento mínimo, que é um número racional. Se B não contiver um elemento mínimo, então o corte definirá um único número irracional, que preenche o espaço entre A e B. Desta forma, pode-se construir o conjunto dos números reais a partir dos racionais e estabelecer suas propriedades. Esta dissertação proporcionará aos estudantes do Ensino Médio, interessados em Matemática, uma formação sólida em um de seus pilares, que é o conjunto dos números reais e suas operações algébricas e propriedades. Isso será muito importante para a formação destes alunos e sua atuação educacional.The purpose of this dissertation is to present the construction of the real numbers from Dedekind cuts. For this, we study the natural numbers, the integers, the rational numbers and some properties involved. Then, based on the rational numbers, we construct the field of the real numbers and establish their properties. A Dedekind cut, named after the German mathematician Richard Dedekind, is a partition of the rational numbers into two non-empty sets A and B, such that each element of A is smaller than all elements of B and A does not contain a maximum element. If B contains a minimum element, then the cut represents this minimum element, which is a rational number. If B does not contain a minimal element, then the cut defines a single irrational number, which \"fills the gap\" between A and B. In this way, one can construct the set of real numbers from the rationals and establish their properties. This dissertation provides students who like Mathematics a solid basis in one of the pillars of Mathematics, which is the set of real numbers and their algebraic operations and properties. This text will be very important for your educational background and performance.
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Tyler, James M. "Through the eyes of others: The role of relational value cues and self -regulatory resources in monitoring one's social environment." 2006. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3242299.
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A working premise of the present research asserts that to effectively monitor the social environment for relational value cues requires people to exert controlled self-regulatory efforts. Thus, it was hypothesized that monitoring for such relational cues would consume the self's regulatory resources, consequently leading to an impairment of people's ability to engage in subsequent regulatory activity. Moreover, it was predicted that when regulatory resources become depleted because of recent acts of self-regulation people would be less effective at monitoring the environment for relational cues. In line with predictions, the data from the first two experiments indicated that self-regulatory resources are depleted when people monitor the social environment for cues that connote their relational value. In addition, consistent with the second hypothesis, the results from Experiment 3 showed that the capacity to monitor the social environment for complex compared to simple forms of relational value cues is negatively impacted by the prior depletion of the self's regulatory resources. To extend Experiment 3's findings, Experiment 4 was designed to directly examine monitoring capacity in the context of a social interaction, with the results showing that insofar as the self's limited resources become depleted by recent acts of self-regulatory activity, people are less effective at monitoring the environment for relational value cues. The findings from across the 4 studies suggest an important mechanism that relates broadly to the effective functioning of interpersonal processes and specifically, to the capacity to successfully navigate social relations. More precisely, these studies provide consistent evidence that establishes an integrative relationship between the self's regulatory resources and people's capacity to accurately monitor the social environment for cues that indicate their relational value to others. Ultimately, the current evidence sheds light on research that relates to people's metaperceptions of how they are viewed by others, and it may help to partially explain prior research that shows people are less effective at self-presentation when regulatory resources are depleted.
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Halldorson, Michael K. "Relational and distinctive information in cued recall and priming in item recognition." 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9584.
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Colombo-Adams, Barbara J. "Media cues and gender connections: The relations between young children's media use, character familiarity, and gender knowledge." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3603069.
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While media have fast become an integral part of young children's daily lives, much remains unknown about how early media use may be influencing learning and development. The current study examined the relations between the amount of time young children spend viewing children's media, character familiarity, and their emerging gender knowledge. References to young children's media use in this report are referring to their viewing of children's shows on television and/or on DVDs. Television/ DVDs remain the predominant way most families view children's shows on a regular basis (Rideout, 2011). In the first phase of the study, parents responded to a survey on children's home media use and familiarity with animated characters. Surveys were distributed through 25 participating child care centers in Massachusetts. Parent survey responses helped determine the media-use measures for the study and the range of characters included in the testing phase with children, between 21 and 43 months (N =169). In phase two, children's character familiarity and gender knowledge of characters, people, and objects were examined through a series of four picture-identification tasks presented on a touchscreen computer monitor. The study revealed that young children are processing gender-based information from the characters they frequently see in children's media. Children with high levels of character familiarity significantly outperformed those with low levels on the gender knowledge of people and characters tasks. Results also found character familiarity to be predictive of children's gender knowledge. Although girls' and boys' overall familiarity with characters was comparable, girls (n = 84) were significantly more familiar with female and other-sex characters than boys. Boys (n = 85) were significantly more familiar with same-sex characters than girls. Another major finding revealed that children's media viewing did not directly contribute to their gender knowledge. However, media viewing was significantly related to and predictive of character familiarity. Together, the main findings provide new information revealing that young children's nascent ability to identify the sexes is mediated by their familiarity with the animated characters they see on screen. The results also reveal the significant contribution of media-based factors in children's gender-knowledge acquisition.
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Canfield, Caitlin Ford. "The mediating role of social cue use in the relation between infant characteristics and early vocabulary." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15114.
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Infants' characteristics, including temperament and cognitive ability, contribute to individual differences in language development. However, the process through which such traits influence language learning remains unclear. One possibility is that temperament and cognitive capacities affect the way in which infants learn words by influencing their ability to successfully use contextual referential cues. Social cues, such as eyegaze, pointing and gesturing, and emotional expressions, are one important type of referential cue. The present study explored the role of such social cues in the relation between infant characteristics and vocabulary in 71 18-month-olds. It was hypothesized that infants' characteristics would be associated with both their vocabulary and their use of such social cues, and that social cue use would be related to overall vocabulary. Further, it was predicted that infants' ability to use social cues effectively would mediate the relation between infants' temperament and cognitive ability, and their vocabulary.
Participants watched six word-learning videos on a Tobii 1760 Eyetracker. In each video, a speaker labeled a novel object using one social referential cue. Infants' ability to use that cue to learn the object label was assessed by tracking the time spent looking toward the target object. Infants' cognitive and language abilities were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition. Both parents and observers provided ratings of child temperament, and parents also completed the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences form.
Both correlation and bias-corrected bootstrap mediation analyses were conducted. Temperament did not make a unique contribution to infants' vocabulary, but both cognitive ability and social cue use did. Mediation analyses indicated that social cue use did mediate the relation between early cognitive ability and vocabulary, but only for infants with lower than average cognitive ability. These results indicate that social cues may be especially important for language development in infants and young children with low IQ, possibly because they provide additional supports for word learning. This has important implications for both typically developing infants as well as young children with language disorders.
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Wieluns, Lenka. "Understanding the relationship between military spending cuts and military capacity: European states 2000-2012." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/19744.
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Europeans have been spending increasingly less on defense. This trend is puzzling on two accounts. Empirically, 30% of defense spending cuts correlated with a net increase in military capacity, contradicting conventional predictions of military degradation under budgetary pressures. Theoretically, it is unclear why cuts happen and whether conscious policy choices can translate spending cuts to favorable military capacity outcomes. Is the decline in defense spending a strategic choice to demilitarize, or is it intentionally managed to improve military capacity?
I evaluate three conditions under which reductions in military expenditures can lead to favorable outcomes in military capacity: defense reform, defense collaboration and buck-passing. I investigate 30 defense spending cut periods (DSCP’s) in the 27 European states between 2000 and 2012. This group of states presents a hard case for my argument: decline in European military resources is most-likely intentional. Through Qualitative Comparative Analysis, I group DSCP’s by military capacity outcomes. I then evaluate presence of the three mechanisms by operationalizing necessary but insufficient conditions, and determine whether these potential explanations are sufficient by process-tracing select case studies.
I find that defense reform presents the most compelling, collective collaboration less compelling and buck-passing least compelling explanation of a potentially non-detrimental relationship between DSCP’s and military capacity. Under declining defense spending, governments routinely chose to produce savings by eliminating redundancies, consolidating structures, and reinvested savings in operational readiness and quality of military forces. States increased defense collaboration in 47.3% of the DSCP’s, but initiatives still appear divorced from affecting robust military improvements at the national level. Under declining defense spending, buck-passing increased only modestly (8%-13%), with ongoing deployments supporting continued investment in the military.
These findings imply that defense spending decline does not mean a European choice to demilitarize, but a choice to reform, sometimes in tandem with defense collaboration or buck-passing.
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Gooding, Velma A. R. "Can't we all just get along? : responses toward ethnic advertising cues as indicators of an American black-brown divide or distinctiveness." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18096.
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This dissertation reviewed extant literature about McGuire’s distinctiveness theory, the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion, in-group bias theory, racial identity, race source effects, and cultural cues pertaining to targeting African American and Latino consumer markets. Mexican and African American informants were interviewed after viewing magazine advertisements targeted to the other group to determine if distinctiveness to the other’s images and cultural cues occurred. Observations were also reported from ethnographic excursions across Des Moines, Iowa, a city and state where African Americans and Mexicans are numerical rarities or minorities. Results revealed that the majority of informants spontaneously delivered responses that reflected salience with the other group. In fact, both groups saw themselves as a part of a greater people of color community--extending their ethnic identities. Furthermore, informants exhibited a provisional ethnic backlash against viewing Anglos in product advertisements in their ethnic magazines. However, when ads presented a message about diversity, informants thought Anglo images should be included. Both groups said they valued the use of people of color and socially responsible messages in ads for high involvement and low involvement products, however, these images and cultural cues would not lead to purchases of new brands because informants were weary about wasting money on unfamiliar brands in a stressed economy. Consumers also scanned ads for models’ races, and paid attention to how their ethnic group and other people of color were treated in ads. Also, informants reported discussing racial issues often in social circles. A black-brown racial divide was expressed when there was a perceived scarcity of resources and when one group discussed how they felt the other group perceived their race. Finally, class and having on-going personal relationships with members of the other group affected responses. This study offers many academic, managerial, practitioner, social and political implications and recommendations.text
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Alam, Khurshid. "An experimental study of superficial and semantic organization in immediate and delayed cued recall in relation to locus of control and congintive rigidity." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/6034.
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Liao, Chun-Chuan, and 廖俊全. "A Study on the Relations between the Forms and the Image of Coffee Cups based on the Preference of Groups with Different Life Styles." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14450320125877783033.
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碩士大同大學
工業設計研究所
90
The purpose of the research is to understand college students’ characteristics from the point of view of different sub-cultures, and the relationship to coffee consumption and demand, their preferences of coffee cups and the relationship to formed images. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between the form and image concerning coffee cup preference of college students with different lifestyles. The research falls into three parts: first, survey on four principal components as the college students’ view of life, personal information, coffee consuming behavior, and self-evaluation to deduce different lifestyles and their properties. Second, investigate and collect coffee cups and their form image description, to conduct testing in exploring the relationship the preferred coffee cup image in each groups, and the affecting image concerning the preference. Third, with reference to the result yielded in part 2, to construct specimen with 3 D computer image in accordance to the preferences of different lifestyle groups, to conduct image test and verification. Part one：Relationship between Lifestyle and Coffee Consumption among College Students In conclusion of the above-mentioned facts, college students’ life and views can be seen from the following factors: fashion and taste, lively and extroverted, self-fulfillment, self-complacent, self-planning, leisure and entertainment, introverted and conservative, brand name loyalty, economic factors, study at the final countdown. Categorized from the ten factors, college students can be categorized into six groups as self-complacent, self-fulfilled, optimistic, yuppie tastes, thrifty and budget, mediocre, etc. Coordinating with the groups’ basic information, coffee consuming behavior, and character self-evaluation, the coffee consuming behavior of the abovementioned groups can be describe substantially. Part two：Relationship between the Preferred Coffee Cup Patterns and Form Image in Different Groups This part is consisted on two stages. First, the research investigated the preferred coffee cup of each lifestyle group. Then, the researcher conducted image test and analysis concerning the preference of each group. The relationship between pattern preferred by each group and form image are as follows: （1）Good Livelihood group: coffee cup pattern image of this group is constituted by activity (lively-dull) and delicacy (noble-coarse). The correspondent handle characteristics are: “wide mouth and narrow bottom — same diameter for mouth and bottom” and “ear-shaped handle — fan-shaped handle”. The affecting factor for preference is “cute”. （2）Self-fulfillment group: coffee cup pattern image of this group is constituted by delicacy (delicate-coarse), newness (new-old), complicacy (complicated and simple). The correspondent handle characteristics are: “slim and tall — short and fat”, “ear-shaped handle — fan-shaped handle” and “wide mouth and slim base — same diameter for mouth and bottom”. The affecting factor for preference is “common”, “round ”, and “modern”. （3）Self-complacent group: coffee cup pattern image of this group is constituted by newness (new-old), decorative (mature-childish), and delicacy (refined-unsophisticated). The correspondent handle characteristics are: “ear-shaped handle — fan-shaped handle”, “ever changing — monotonous” and “curve shape — straight bodied. The affecting factor for preference is “Conservative”, and “Coarse”. （4）Yuppies Taste group: coffee cup pattern image of this group is constituted by specialty(common-special), naturalness (elegant-vulgar) and newness (new-old). The correspondent handle characteristics are: “handles of irregular shapes — fan-shaped handle”, “ever changing — monotonous” and “curved cups — straight cups”. The affecting factor for preference is “Square”. （5）Thrift and Budget t group: coffee cup pattern image of this group is constituted by characteristics as (general-special), complexity (complicated-simple). The correspondent handle characteristics are: “ear-shaped handle — fan-shaped handle” and “wide mouth and narrow bottom — same diameter for mouth and bottom”. The affecting factor for preference is “Cheap”, and “Elegant”. （6）Mediocrity group: coffee cup pattern image of this group is constituted by newness (new-old) elegance (elegant-vulgar), and complexity (complicated-simple). The correspondent handle characteristics are: “curved cups — straight cups”, “straight from top to bottom — short and fat” and “ever changing — monotonous”. As to relationship between coffee cup preference form image, there are not any discovery. Part three：Design, Image Investigation, and Verification concerning Lifestyle Groups Preferred Coffee Cup In this stage, with reference to the result yielded in part 2, the researcher constructed specimen with 3 D computer image in accordance to the preferences of different lifestyle groups, to conduct image test and verification. The research discovered that the image affecting coffee cup preference and corresponding characteristics complies with previous analysis. Likewise, the coffee cup images preferred by different lifestyle group are different for different group; therefore, the correspondent characteristic is also different.