Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relation of Production'
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Edwards-Jones, Valerie. "Toxic shock syndrome toxin production in relation to burned patients." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244871.
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Basu, Alex. "Relation between hydrogen production and photosynthesis in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242624.
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The modernized world is over-consuming low-cost energy sources that strongly contributes to pollution and environmental stress. As a consequence, the interest for environmentally friendly alternatives has increased immensely. One such alternative is the use of solar energy and water as a raw material to produce biohydrogen through the process of photosynthetic water splitting. In this work, the relation between H2-production and photosynthesis in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was studied with respect to three main aspects: the establishment of prolonged H2-production, the involvement of PSII in H2-production and the electron pathways associated with PSII during H2-production. For the first time, this work reveals that PSII plays a crucial role throughout the H2-producing phase in sulfur deprived C. reinhardtii. It further reveals that a wave-like fluorescence decay kinetic, before only seen in cyanobacteria, is observable during the H2-producing phase in sulfur deprived C. reinhardtii, reflecting the presence of cyclic electron flows also in green algae.
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Gray, David. "Studies on seed quality and plant establishment in relation to crop production." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28147.
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Fuss, Alison Margot. "The floral biology of banksias in relation to crop production and management." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf994.pdf.
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Nestel, Penelope S. "Nutrition of Maasai women and children in relation to subsistence food production." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321254.
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Mettler, Heidi Michelle, and Heidi Michelle Mettler. "The Relation Between Phonological Working Memory and Sentence Production in School-Aged Children." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625319.
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Research has revealed a relation between phonological working memory (PWM) and language abilities, showing that children with language-learning impairments have poorer PWM than their typically-developing peers (Montgomery et al., 2010). Limited work has examined PWM in relation to sentence production abilities in school-aged children. We hypothesized that PWM abilities would predict performance on the Formulated Sentences (FS) subtest of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – IV, of typically-developing and language-learning impaired school-aged children (N=273). Additionally, we hypothesized that the children's PWM abilities would correlate with characteristics of their correct formulated sentences, measured by lexical diversity, length, and complexity (hypothesis 2), and that PWM would correlate with processing fluency, measured by mazes (hypothesis 3) and pauses (hypothesis 4). For our fifth hypothesis, we predicted there would be group differences in PWM and sentence characteristics when comparing the typically-developing children to children with language-learning impairment. We examined these hypotheses with data from a subset of 27 children with language-learning impairment and 27 typically-developing peers. Results support our first and third hypotheses and partially support our fifth hypothesis but not our second or fourth hypotheses. These results suggest that PWM can be used to predict FS scores and that PWM may be more closely related to the types of errors in children’s sentences. Furthermore, results from our fifth hypothesis suggest that deficits in PWM and sentence production may simply co-occur but not interact in children with language-learning impairment.
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Kumar, Tarkeshwar. "Modelling of formation damage due to particle invasion in relation to water injection schemes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/970.
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This thesis dea1s with mode11ing of formation damage resu1ting from invading s01ids, particu1ar1y in re1ation to water injection schemes Where10wconcentration micron and sub-micron s01ids are concerned. Ear1ier investigations were considered inadequate for study of formation damagedue to partic1e invasion in manyrespects such as the nature of damage, depth of damage characteristics and the inf1uence of various parameters on the damagedata. A porosity mode1(in 1inear and radia1 forms) based on mass ba1ance of partic1es and a pore size distribution based 3Dcapi1lary network model are presented. The network model uses various particle capture criteria including a newprobability criteria to model particle retention. The resu1ts from rock core based f10wtests are presented and ana1yzed. The f10w tests were conducted on 00x25 •4na-dia. sandstone cores of permeabi1ity range of 250 to 1000 md using 1-15 ppm concentrations of O-3~ a1umina partic1es at flow-rates of 0.45-1.00 mils up to 150 hours equiva1ent to over 40000 core pore v01umes. The experimental invastigations showthe importance of depth of damageand 10ng duration experiments on formation damagedata studies. Experimental permeability shows si.mp1e semi-1og dec1ine with gross f10w ve1ocity. serious occurs even for the 10w concentration systems. The iBIporta.nce of core preparation is stressed, where the use of brok.en faced cores is shown to be more appropriate for conducting partic1e inv . . as1.onexperuaents as comparedto the conventiona1 sa.wn-facedcores. Both the porosity mode1and the network.mode1predictions are shownto agree reasonab1y we11with the experimenta1 data.
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Grbin, Paul R. "Physiology and metabolism of Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeast in relation to mousy taint production." Adelaide, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21644.
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Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Oenology, 1998
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Rao, Mani Eddya. "Perception-production in relation to fronting of velars in Hindi and Marati speaking children." Thesis, City University London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319640.
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Sabatier-Tarrago, Catherine. "Production de taillis de châtaignier (Castanea sativa Mill. ) en relation avec les caractéristiques stationnelles." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112054.
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Six taillis de châtaîgnier (Castanea sativa Mill) du Hurepoix, répartis en 3 classes d'âge et 2 classes de fertilité, ont été étudiés. Leur production sur pied, en termes de volume ou de biomasse, a été évaluée par la méthode de la régression linéaire pondérée. Á l'échelle stationnelle, le carré de la circonférence à 1,30 m (C 130) des individus du peuplement suffit à décrire sa production. A l'échelle régionale, l'intervention de la hauteur dominante (Hd) améliore le modèle P = a. C1302. Hd + b où a et b, les paramètres de la régression varient selon qu'il s'agit de jeunes taillis ou de taillis plus agés. L'existence de données de volume sur 8 autres peuplements a permis d'établir un tarif sans distinction d'âge : V = a. G. Hd + b où V est le volume du peuplement, G sa surface terrière et Hd sa hauteur dominante. Un modèle analogue n'a pas pu être envisagé pour la biomasse par manque de données. Un indice de production autorisant la comparaison des stations entre elles (indépendant de l'âge) a été définit égal à la hauteur dominante du peuplement à 10 ans. Les caractéristiques stationnelles, essentiellement édaphiques, ont été étudiées. Les teneurs en macroéléments des feuilles ont été dosées. Malgré une grande diversité de situations, en particulier en ce qui concerne les teneurs en macroéléments du sol, une disponibilité réduite en azote est observée sur 2 stations parmi les plus pauvres. L'indice de climat lumineux semble lui aussi expliquer en partie les variations de prodcution. Enfin, sur l'échantillon étudié, le rôle de l'aération du sol est mis en avantSix sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) coppices were studied in Hurepoix. The sample was constituted with 3 age classes and 2 site qualities. Their volume or biomass production was evaluated by linear ponderated regression method. At stational scale, square of individual circonference at breast heigth (Cbh) is sufficient to describe stand production (P). At regional scale, introduction of dominant heigth (Hd) improves the model : P = a. Cbh. Hd + b where a and b, regression parameters vary with coppices age classes. Complementary data about volume production concerning 8 more stands, allowed to establish the following model : V = a. G. Hd + b where V is the stand volume, G its basal area and Hd its dominant heigth. Such a model could not be established for biomass because of lack of data. A production index wich allowed comparison between stations (age independant) was definied as the stand dominant heigth at age 10. Stational characteristics, mainly edaphic factors, were studied. Macroelement foliar analysis were made. Mineral characteristics vary a lot between the different stations. A reduced nitrogen disponibility was observed for two of the less productive stations. Luminous climate index explains either a part of production variations. On the sample studied, soil aeration seems important
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Guiraud, Pascale. "Métabolisation de l'acide vanillique par les micromycètes : relation avec la production de phénoloxydases extracellulaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE18002.
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Bortolotti, Perrine. "Implications de la production de kynurénines par pseudomonas aeruginosa dans la relation hôte-pathogène." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S017/document.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) est un pathogène opportuniste responsable d’infections pulmonaires aigues graves chez les malades prédisposés. Devant l’émergence croissante de la résistance aux antibiotiques, le développement de thérapeutiques alternatives adjuvantes est indispensable et nécessite la compréhension des interactions hôte-pathogènes au cours de l’infection. La voie métabolique de dégradation du tryptophane appelée voie des kynurénines produit chez l’hôte des métabolites aux propriétés immunomodulatrices connues. Récemment, l’existence de cette voie a été mise en évidence chez Pa, bien que la nature et la quantité de métabolites produits ne soient pas parfaitement connus. La production bactérienne de kynurénines pourrait interférer avec la mise en place de la réponse immunitaire de l’hôte et sa régulation au cours des différentes phases de l’infection, altérant la balance immunitaire pulmonaire au profit du pathogène. A ce titre, la voie des kynurénines de Pa constituerait une cible thérapeutique potentielle. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier l’implication de la voie des kynurénines de Pa dans la virulence bactérienne et la réponse immune de l’hôte dans un modèle murin d’agression respiratoire aiguë. Pour cela, les souris sont infectées avec des souches sauvages de Pa, avec des souches mutantes ΔkynA, non productrices de kynurénines, et des souches ΔkynU, surproductrices de kynurénines. Les interactions potentielles avec la voie des kynurénines de l’hôte sont explorées en inhibant la première enzyme de la voie métabolique, l’indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Enfin, le rôle du récepteur arylhydrocarbone (AhR), récepteur connu des kynurénines et impliqué dans l’immunité pulmonaire, est exploré en comparant la réponse à l’infection de souris AhR KO à celle des souris sauvages. Dans ce travail, nous décrivons tout d’abord la production des différents métabolites de la voie des kynurénines de Pa in vitro et in vivo dans le modèle d’infection respiratoire aigue, en décrivant pour la première fois la production d’acide kynurénique et de 3-hydroxy-kynurénine pour cette bactérie. Ensuite, nous montrons que les kynurénines bactériennes interfèrent avec la réponse immune de l’hôte, en majorant le recrutement cellulaire alvéolaire, tout en atténuant le niveau d’inflammation et l’activation des cellules présentatrices d’antigènes. Enfin, nous rapportons que l’IDO et l’AhR sont impliqués dans cette immunomodulation, faisant des kynurénines bactériennes des agents du dialogue hôte-pathogène au cours de l’infection respiratoire aigue. A la lumière de ces résultats, la voie des kynurénines pourrait constituer une cible thérapeutique d’intérêt dans les infections respiratoires à P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is a Gram-negative bacteria frequently involved in healthcare-associated pneumonia and considered as a « problem-pathogen ». To face the announced post-antibiotic era due to increasing resistance and lack of new antibiotics, new treatment strategies have to be developed. During pneumonia, lung injury results from both bacterial-mediated virulence and host response. Modulation of an overreacting host response could be an alternative therapeutic target in Pa-induced lung infection. Kynurenines are small molecules resulting from tryptophan degradation with reported immunomodulatory properties. Pa is known to produce kynurenine, but the functional enzymes, types and amounts of secreted metabolites are poorly known. Interestingly, many host cells also possess the kynurenine pathway, whose metabolites are known to control immune system homeostasis. The following experiments aim to determine whether bacterial metabolites can interfere with the host’s immune response, leading to a possible immunomodulatory interplay between bacteria and host kynurenine pathways, impacting on the pathophysiology of P. aeruginosa infection. To that goal, we use a murin model of acute lung injury. Mice were infected with WT strain of Pa, compared to mutant strains unable to produce kynurenine (ΔkynA), and mutant strains overproducing them (ΔkynU). Moreover, we studied the interactions between bacterial and host kynurenine pathways by inhibiting the first enzyme of the host pathway called indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Finally, we assessed the role of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a known receptor to kynurenine involved in lung immunity, using AhR KO mice. First, we assess types and levels of metabolites produced by Pa in an in vitro model, and the relevance of this production in vivo. We show for the first time that Pa is able to secrete kynurenine at clinically relevant levels, and other metabolites such as kynurenic acid and 3 OHkynurenine, what was unknown to date. Second, we show that bacterial metabolites were able to modulate the host innate immune response, by increasing alveolar recruitment of neutrophils, associated with decreased inflammatory cytokines levels and impairment of antigen-presenting cells activation. Finally, we report that IDO and AhR are involved in this kynurenine-mediated immunomodulation. These data suggest that pulmonary infection with a bacteria highly expressing the kynurenine pathway enzymes could lead to an imbalance in the immune response to infection, thus constituting a potential therapeutic target to improve Pa-induced pneumonia outcome
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Kazic, Dusan. "Plantes animées. De la production aux relations avec les plantes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA027.
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Cette thèse porte sur des rapports animés entre les paysan.ne.s et leurs plantes dans les champs français. Pour certains, les plantes sont des êtres sensibles et intelligentes, pour d’autres, elles sont des êtres de travail, des êtres d’accompagnement, des êtres de jeu, des êtres de souffrance. Certain.e.s paysan.ne.s parlent à leurs plantes, d’autres tissent des relations d’amour, et se laissent instruire par leurs plantes sur les manières de les cultiver dans les champs. En décrivant ces rapports, la thèse montre que grâce aux relations sensibles que tissent ces paysan.ne.s avec leurs plantes, ils/elles les animent en laissant de côté les épistémologies naturalistes. En prenant ces propos au sérieux, littéralement, la thèse défend l’hypothèse selon laquelle, pour éviter que le monde agricole ne se transforme en véritable ruine, il ne faut plus chercher à « produire autrement », mais il faut rompre avec le paradigme de production pour ancrer les paysan.ne.s et leurs plantes dans des rapports co-évolutifs. En plongeant dans l’histoire de la modernité, c’est-à-dire en revisitant le conflit qui opposait le monde paysan d’un côté et le monde moderne de l’autre, avec l’arrivée des physiocrates parmi les instances intellectuelles et politiques françaises, cette thèse montre que le concept de production relève d’une approche universaliste et naturalisée qui s’est imposée sans aucun fondement empirique dans le monde agricole et dans le monde moderne plus largementThis thesis deals with animated relationships between peasants and their plants in French fields. For some, plants are sentient and intelligent beings, for others they are working beings, accompanying beings, game beings, suffering beings. Some peasants speak to their plants, others weave loving relationships, and let their plants teach them how to cultivate them in the fields. In describing these relationships, the thesis shows that, thanks to the sensitive relations that these peasants weave with their plants, they animate them by leaving naturalist epistemologies aside. By taking these words seriously, literally, the thesis defends the hypothesis that, in order to prevent the agricultural world from becoming ruins, we must no longer seek to "produce differently", but we must break with the paradigm of production to anchor peasants and their plants in co-evolutionary relationships. By plunging into the history of modernity, that is to say by revisiting the conflict between the peasant world on one side and the modern world on the other, with the arrival of the physiocrats among the French intellectual and policy-making bodies, this thesis shows that the concept of production is based on a universalist and naturalized approach that has been imposed without any empirical basis in the agricultural world and in the modern world more widely
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Martin, Douglas J. "Production of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in relation to riparian vegetation in Bear Creek, Washington /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5369.
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Trip, Hein. "Amino acid transport in Penicillium chrysogenum in relation to precursor supply for [beta]-lactam production." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2005. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/271279036.
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Mattos-Shipley, Kate de. "Investigating the biology of Clitopilus passeckerianus in relation to the production of the antibiotic pleuromutilin." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547842.
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GALLAO, KARL GEORGES MEIRELES. "THE PRODUCTION OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF IMAGES IN RELATION TO IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29996@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR
Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como as imagens foram empregadas, desde o início da Idade Média até os tempos do capitalismo tardio, por diferentes instâncias de poder com a intenção de atender a fins de caráter propriamente político, e consequentemente ideológico. Nossa intenção é mostrar em que medida as imagens foram pensadas para serem implementadas em diferentes épocas como se pudessem supor uma neutralidade visual acerca da realidade, sem que fossem notadas como uma das formas de ferramenta de controle. Isto é, uma ferramenta de controle político pelo qual uma cultura dominante representa o mundo, torna-o presente e age sobre ele. Da crítica a respeito da construção do mito sobre a imagem na história, compreendemos que ela tendeu a negar sua origem real e sua natureza de objeto fabricado para se afirmar como um artefato quase consubstancial a seu protótipo sagrado. Longe de uma neutralidade, é preciso afirmar a noção de que as imagens exercem um controle social sofisticado a partir de seu uso em razão de uma política voltada para um posicionamento ideológico específico da cultura dominante de uma determinada época. Por esse motivo acreditamos que as imagens foram e continuam a ser utilizadas como arma propagandística na legitimação da cultura hegemônica. Lembramos que a luta política é uma luta pelo poder de representação, pelo reconhecimento das formas de representação legítima e pelo controle simbólico. E o poder simbólico é o poder econômico, político e cultural que está em condição de se fazer reconhecer e de obter reconhecimento. Portanto, nossa proposição se localiza na discussão do sentido simbólico da imagem gráfica enquanto código fundamental, que é operado pelas instâncias de dominação para o controle das massas em função da ideologia particular de seu tempo histórico. E por instâncias de dominação supomos o Campo do Design, que através de princípios e esquemas específicos consagram as imagens que atendem a sociedade como um todo. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa chama atenção para a forma como se organizam as representações de conhecimento sobre a sociedade, mostrando que isso implica em incorporar à análise todos os aspectos das organizações das quais elas são feitas, incluindo: estruturas burocráticas, poder financeiro, a cultura visual, os códigos profissionais, enfim, todas as condições econômicas, culturais e políticas de desenvolvimento e acesso que determinam o que, e de que maneira uma imagem será representada para a sociedade.
This research is aimed at analyzing how images have been used by different instances of power with the intention of attending purposes of political and, consequently, ideological character since the beginning of the Middle Ages until the times of late capitalism. Our intention is to show to what extent images have been planned to be implemented at different moments as if they could assume a visual impartiality on reality, without them being noticed as instruments of control. That is, an instrument of political control through which a dominant culture represents the world, makes it present and acts upon it. From the critics on the construction of the myth about image in history we understand that the image has tended to deny its real inception and its nature as an object which has been fabricated to affirm itself almost as an artifact which is consubstantial to its sacred prototype. Far from what we may call impartiality, we must take into consideration that images exercise a sophisticated form of social control from its usage on account of politics directed to a particular ideological stance of the dominant culture in a certain time. For this reason we believe that images have been and continue to be used as a propagandistic tool in the process of legitimating the hegemonic culture. We point out that the political struggle is an effort over the power of representation, over the acknowledgement of the forms of legitimate representation and symbolic control. Symbolic power is the economic, political, and cultural power that is in position of making itself recognized and obtaining recognition. Therefore, our proposition stands on the discussion of the symbolic meaning of the graphic image as a fundamental code that is run by the domination instances aimed at controlling the masses according to the particular ideology of their historical time. By domination instances we suppose the Field of Design, which, through principles and specific patterns, consolidates images that attend society as a whole. In this sense, our research highlights the manner through which representations of knowledge are organized on society,demonstrating that this implies incorporating to our analysis all aspects of the organizations of which they are made including bureaucratic structures, financial power, visual culture, and professional codes: that is, all economical, cultural and political conditions of development and access which determine what and in which manner an image will be represented to society.
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López, José. "Etude de la relation structure-fonction de l'apolipoproteine a2 humaine par production de proteine recombinante." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066635.
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Pour pouvoir decrypter les relations structure/fonction, l'incidence des modifications post-traductionnelles et l'influence de l'apo a2 sur les differentes activites enzymatiques qui regissent le transport inverse du cholesterol, nous nous sommes attaches a mettre au point un systeme de production d'apo a2 humaine recombinante qui puisse nous permettre d'obtenir des quantites suffisantes de proteines normale et mutee. Pour ce faire, nous avons teste differents systemes de production d'origine eucaryote et procaryote. L'expression de l'apo aii humaine dans la lignee de fibroblastes c127 s'est averee performante pour l'etude des modifications post-traductionnelles de l'apo a2. Ce systeme d'expression eucaryote nous a permis de preciser: 1 - par des experiences en presence de brefeldine a, que la modification precoce, correspondant au passage de l'isoforme 3 a l'isoforme 1, survenait dans le compartiment pregolgien, 2 - et par mutagenese dirigee en substituant la glutamine en position 1 par une leucine, que le passage des isoformes 1a et -1a aux isoproteines 0 et -2 resultait bien de la cyclisation de la glutamine n-terminale et qu'une telle substitution ralentissait fortement le clivage du propeptide. D'autre part, nous avons pu mettre en evidence, une importante degradation intracellulaire de l'apo a2 dans les cellules c127, qui explique a posteriori l'impossibilite d'utiliser ce systeme eucaryote a des fins de production en masse. Nous avons opte, dans un deuxieme temps, pour la production d'apolipoproteine a2 humaine chez e. Coli, sous forme d'une proteine de fusion avec la gluthathion-s-transferase. Ce systeme nous a permis d'obtenir de l'apo a2 recombinante exclusivement dimerique, pure et en quantite suffisante, dont les proprietes physicochimiques et la capacite de deplacement de l'apo a2 sont identiques a celles de l'a2 plasmatique. L'etude de la structure de l'apo a2, de son comportement vis a vis des phospholipides et sa capacite a deplacer l'apo a1 ont ete realises en presence d'apo a2 plasmatique, d'apo a2 recombinante et d'apo a2 produite par synthese chimique. Cela nous a permis de preciser les caracteristiques structurales de l'apo a2 lorsqu'elle est associee aux phospholipides et l'organisation des complexes qu'elle genere. Nous avons montre que deux molecules d'apo a2 dimerique etaient necessaires a la formation de complexes phospholipides-apo a2 stables. De plus, nos resultats experimentaux suggerent la presence de 3 helices alpha par monomere d'apo a2 quand elle se trouve associee aux phospholipides. Ces resultats ont ete obtenus quelque soit la forme d'apo a2 utilisee, plasmatique, procaryote ou synthetique
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Scheuermann, Cynthia M. "Forest Stand Structure and Primary Production in relation to Ecosystem Development, Disturbance, and Canopy Composition." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4653.
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Temperate forests are complex ecosystems that sequester carbon (C) in biomass. C storage is related to ecosystem-scale forest structure, changing over succession, disturbance, and with community composition. We quantified ecosystem biological and physical structure in two forest chronosequences varying in disturbance intensity, and three late successional functional types to examine how multiple structural expressions relate to ecosystem C cycling. We quantified C cycling as wood net primary production (NPP), ecosystem structure as Simpson’s Index, and physical structure as leaf quantity (LAI) and arrangement (rugosity), examining how wood NPP-structure relates to light distribution and use-efficiency. Relationships between structural attributes of biodiversity, LAI, and rugosity differed. Development of rugosity was conserved regardless of disturbance and composition, suggesting optimization of vegetation arrangement over succession. LAI and rugosity showed significant positive productivity trends over succession, particularly within deciduous broadleaf forests, suggesting these measures of structure contain complementary, not redundant, information related to C cycling.
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Hirata, Masahiro. "Land use evaluation in relation to animal production in an arid area of northeastern Syria." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181370.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第7964号
農博第1073号
新制||農||785(附属図書館)
学位論文||H11||N3298(農学部図書室)
UT51-99-M269
京都大学大学院農学研究科熱帯農学専攻
(主査)教授 宮崎 昭, 教授 矢野 秀雄, 教授 小林 愼太郎
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Dami, Hedi. "Relation formation-emploi et transformations des rapports sociaux de production essai d'application au cas tunisien /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041865.
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Norman, Sophie Johanna. "The control of arachidonic acid turnover in relation to prostaglandin production by the guinea-pig uterus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26816.
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ACS, ACLS and PLA2 activities were detected in guinea-pig endometrium on both 7 (day of low PGF2α output) and day 15 (day of high PGF2α output) of the oestrous cycle and in the endometrium of ovariectomizd guinea-pigs treated with oestradiol and/or progesterone. Treatment with aristolochic acid (ARA) and quinacrine (QUIN) (PLA2 inhibitors) significantly (P ¸0.05) reduced PG2α output from both day 7 and day 15 endometrium cultured for 24 h, demonstrating the crucial role that PLA2 plays in the regulation of AA release for PGF2α synthesis in the guinea-pig. Unexpectedly, treatment with p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (HMB0 and thimerosal (THM) (ACS and ACLS inhibitors) also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased PGF2α output. However, during long term inhibition of ACS and ACLS, since the rate of uptake of AA into lysophospholipids will be reduced, the amount of AA appropriately placed in the sn-2 position of appropriate phospholipids for the action of PLA2 will also be reduced. Therefore, PLA2 may be indirectly inhibited by a lack of substrate. ACS, ACLS and PLA2 activities were detected in the endometrium and conceptus of early pregnant (day 15) guinea-pigs. All three enzymes were also detected in the endometrium, chorio-allantoic placenta, chorion and amnion of day 29 and 36 pregnant guinea-pigs. Treatment with THM and ARA of day 22, 29 and 36 pregnant guinea-pig endometrial and fetal tissues during 24 h culture suggested that the control of AA uptake is important in the maternal placenta, fetal placenta, chorion and amnion, and that PLA2 appears to have an essential role in the control of PG synthesis from the endometrium, chorion and amnion of pregnant guinea-pigs. ACS, ACLS and PLA2 may have a role in the control of arachidonic acid turnover, and therefore PG production, in guinea-pig uterine and fetal tissues. The stimulus responsible for increased PLA2 activity towards the end of the cycle, and the mechanism of the anti-luteolytic factor provided by the guinea-pig conceptus, remains obscure. The control of AA uptake in the placenta and fetal membranes seems to have a role in the delicate regulation of PG synthesis during pregnancy.
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Miller, Ian George. "Production of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione in relation to valine and isoleucine metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/914.
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Nyika, Erasmo. "Stabilization of petroleum fiscal regime in relation to production sharing agreements in Tanzania : challenges and prospects." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237077.
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This study argues for the need to ensure that host countries derive appropriate benefits from natural resources exploited within their territories. In this regard, the most important return from petroleum extraction, is from the fiscal take. Taxation of the extractive sector is thus a major revenue source. The host country interest from the extractive activities is in parallel to the interest of investor countries to share in the revenues derived from investments in the extractives sector by entities from those countries. Further, the capital exporting countries assert interest in protecting the investors from the risks associate with foreign investments, particularly in developing host countries. Historically, International Oil Companies enjoyed an upper hand in negotiating investment protection and stability terms as a result of information asymmetries. Many agreements concluded between the investor entities with developing host countries have been askew and overly favourable to the investor to the extent of endearing unconscionability. This study reveals that Tanzania's existing Production Sharing Agreements contain fiscal terms which do not allocate an appropriate share of financial benefits to the host country. It also reveals that arrangements to protect and provide investment stability have employed terms which are inimical to the economic and social well-being of the Peoples of Tanzania, for example through the excessive and wasteful grant of tax concessions. It was observed that Tanzania has offered fiscal terms to IOCs that do not allow the country to enjoy appropriate benefits from the exploitation of its natural resources. This project, therefore, establishes the effect of stabilisation terms as embedded in the Tanzanian fiscal regime, what redress measures should be sought to correct the imbalance and inequitableness engraved in the abusive use of stabilization arrangements through the PSAs.
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Bhatti, Muhammad H. "Somatic embryogenesis in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in relation to cryopreservation and synthetic seed production." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362256.
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Cavallin, Isabell. "När väggarna talar : en gårds historia i relation tills dess interiör." Thesis, Gotland University, Institution 3, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-455.
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I den här uppsatsen undersöks en gård i Ljusdalsbygden i Hälsingland som kallas Utigården. På gården finns idag en byggnad som kallas mangelstugan där måleri och tapeter från 1806-1807 finns bevarat. Frågeställningen är när, hur och varför den inreddes samt vem eller vilka som kan ha utfört arbetet. Syftet är att frångå generella förklaringar, lägga ett mer individuellt perspektiv på en interiör och på så vis ge den ett mervärde. Arkivariska källor och litteratur tolkas tillsammans med den fysiska byggnadens interiör för att i viss mån kartlägga den sociala och ekonomiska kontexten som omgav interiören. Mangelstugan interiör visar också prov på hur måleri och tapeter verkade sida vid sida. Ur deras estetiska uttryck samt rumsplacering tolkas statusskillnader mellan de båda samt att mangelstugan bör ha varit en representativ byggnad. Stilinfluenser belyses också. Bland annat lyfter uppsatsen fram en fransk tapet som högst sannolikt varit förlaga till mellankammarens måleri i mangelstugan. Här säkerställs att allmogemålarna använde sig av förlagor, men att slutresultatet var unikt och personligt. Mangelstugans interiör visar prov på hur en sådan interiör kunde se ut på början av 1800-talet i en gård i ljusdal och ett möjligt scenario rörande upphovsmännen, där Ljusdalsmålarna Arve och HindriksOlle lyfts fram som potentiella upphovsmän, bidrar till att knyta fler värden till interiören vilket förhoppningsvis leder till ökade möjligheter att bevaras. I uppsatsen klargörs att gården bör ha flyttats till dagens gårdsläge troligen mellan 1802-1806 samt att mangelstugan uppförts efter flytten och av dateringarna att döma år 1806. Olof Jonsson brukade hemmanet när mangelstugan byggdes och inreddes. Hans bouppteckning visar att gården bör ha varit välställd. Utifrån detta diskuteras hur mangelstugan fyllde många funktioner. Representativitet, manifestation, exkluderande och inkluderande samt estetiska kvalitéer är exempel på sådana.
The focus of this essay is a building belonging to a farmhouse in Ljusdal, Hälsingland, called Utigården. The building has wallpaper and mural paintings preserved from the beginning of the 19th century. The aim of this essay is to investigate when, how and why the interior was made as well as by whom. This serves to put a more individual perspective on one certain interior instead of using more general explanations. This knowledge will lead to more knowledge and values being ascribed to this interior and hopefully an increased will to preserve it in the future. It gives us an example of how an interior from this time might look like, how traditional paintings are mixed with modern motives and wallpapers and how all of this together is symbolic and guides us through the rooms. Their aesthetic qualities shows that it was most probably a representative building. Different theories about influnces and inspiration are also illustrated. The mapping of certain social and economical factors serves to show the circumstances for when the interior was made as well as why. Probably the farm was moved between 1802-1806 and this might explain the new building. Different theories of why it was important to invest in these representative building and what different values they might have fulfilled are also discussed in this essay. Representatation, including and excluding factors and aesthetic values are some of them. Two potential painters are discussed as having painted the interior. They are called Arve and HindriksOlle. A possible scenario is created around their connections to Utigården.
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Esquerre-Cacha, Valérie. "Relation hydrodynamique-encrassement dans un réacteur agité multi-étagé de traitement de la bauxite par le procédé Bayer." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT024G.
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La relation hydrodynamique-encrassement dans des réacteurs de l'industrie de l'alumine traitant une suspension de bauxite est étudiée. L'analyse de l'encrassement conduit à l'identification des zones préférentielles de formation de dépôt. L'étude de l'hydrodynamique du système sur une maquette froide permet d'associer la circulation au niveau d'encrassement. Le système d'agitation est caractérisé expérimentalement par vélocimétrie laser à effet Doppler. L'effet de différents paramètres est étudié. Dans tous les cas, des macro-structures spécifiques se développent : l'écoulement est compartimenté. Un nouveau système d'agitation est proposé. Le mobile de fond le mieux approprié et sa position sont déterminés par simulation numérique. Les performances d'agitation-niveaux de vitesse, temps de mélange et puissance consommée-sont avantageuses, et les performances du réacteur chimique, établies à partir d'une distribution des temps de séjour, sont équivalents.
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Feriel, Emilie. "Rapport salarial, rationalisation des modèles productifs et relation de service : le cas des centres d'appels téléphoniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24011.
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Notre thèse se propose d’analyser les transformations des rapports salariaux à partir d’une lecture croisée de la dynamique des modèles productifs et de l’expansion de la relation de service. Nous formulons l’hypothèse que la relation entretenue avec le client devient, sous différentes facettes, une source de profit obtenue à partir du travail salarié, ce qui conduit à une transformation des modes de production caractérisée par une division du travail et des emploi plus prononcée. L’exploration de cette hypothèse est effectuée pour le cas particulier des centres d’appels téléphoniques, sur la base d’une analyse empirique réalisée à partir d’entretiens sectoriels et de huit études de cas. Au regard de l’abondante littérature portant sur cet objet d’étude, notre recherche propose d’adopter un angle d’analyse original, qui consiste à prendre en compte les centres d’appels du point de vue de leur ancrage au sein des organisations productives. Nous partons de l’idée que l’activité des centres d’appels n’est pas totalement nouvelle et qu’elle résulte d’une transformation de situations antérieures. Il s’agit alors d’étudier cette activité au regard de son insertion au sein d’un processus de division du travail. L’application de la grille d’analyse d’un modèle productif permet dans ce cadre de mettre en exergue une recomposition et un découpage des différentes dimensions de la relation de service à travers l’ensemble de l’entreprise, qui entraîne une segmentation flexible des emplois et une rationalisation commune du travail empruntant à la fois à une logique industrielle et professionnelle, mais qui mobilise fortement l’implication subjective des salariésOur thesis offers to analyze the transformation of wage earner relations through a cross reading of the productive models dynamics and the growth of the service relation. We venture the hypothesis that the relationship with the customer becomes a source of profit achieved by paid work at different level, which leads to a transformation of productive models characterized by a stronger division in work and employment. The analysis of this hypothesis is made for the specific case of call centers on the basis of a purely practical analysis carried through sectorial interviews and eight case studies. With regard to abundant sources about this study, our research offers to adopt an original angle of analysis consisting in taking into account call centers regarding their base within productive organization. We start by assuming that call centers activity isn’t entirely new and that it ensues from a transformation of former situation. Thus we have to study the activity with regard to its integration within a work division process. The implementation of the frame of reference of a productive model allows us to underline in this context a reconstruction and a division of the various dimensions of service relation through the whole industry. It leads to a flexible segmentation of jobs and a common rationalization of works borrowing an industrial and professional reasoning but which highly uses employees subjective commitment
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Ogden, Raymond Glenn. "An investigation of architectural application of modern production engineering technology, in relation to purpose made building components." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236718.
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Amel, Kashipaz Mohammad Rasoul. "Investigations of cytokine production by lymphocytes and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in relation to systemic lupus erythematosus." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272764.
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Bellais, Renaud. "Investissements administrés, technologie et innovation : le cas de la production d'armements en relation avec les industries concurrentielles." Littoral, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DUNK0020.
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Recourant à un mode d'organisation alternatif au marché, la production d'armements rend possible l'obtention par les firmes d'une rente en raison d'une asymétrie informationnelle forte (monopoles bilatéraux). Toutefois, cet aspect n'est pas essentiel pour comprendre la spécificité de cette production. Ce qui la différencie est l'importance que les militaires accordent aux performances technologiques des armements. Ce "biais technophile" résulte de la nécessité d'obtenir ou de conserver une supériorité technologique ; il donne naissance à un programme de recherche permettant de transformer en système les différents armements et de développer des champs de recherche novateurs. Opérant dans ce cadre, la production d'armements forme plus qu'un méso-système. La conjugaison de variables industrielles, politiques financières, budgétaires, mais aussi stratégiques et technologiques donne naissance à un "hypersystème" dont le fonctionnement est régi par un principe organisateur : la "syzygie", i. E. Un ensemble de relations issues d'un fonds technologique commun a plusieurs mésosystèmes. Cette configuration originale explique le rôle particulier de l'armement dans la dynamique du système productif. La syzygie donne naissance à un potentiel scientifique et technique dépassant les objectifs militaires et pouvant trouver des applications civiles. La valorisation marchande de ces nouvelles technologies nécessite cependant une démarche volontaire de la part des firmes. La croissance ou la dépression économique expliquent que la connexion entre la production d'armements et l'économie varie en fonction de l'évolution des activités économiques et des opportunités d'investissement. Non seulement les firmes d'armements jouent un rôle important dans ce processus de transfert, mais les entreprises civiles peuvent également participer à la valorisation de ce potentiel - notamment grâce à la création d'interfaces par les centres publics de recherche-développement militaireUsing a mode of organization alternative to the market, armaments production allows the firms to obtain a rent through an information asymmetry (bilateral monopolies). However this aspect is not essential to understand the specificity of that production. What makes the difference is the importance that the armed forces give to technological performances of armaments. This "technophile bias" arises from the necessity to get or maintain a technological superiority; it engenders a research program permitting to organize armaments as a system and develop innovating research fields. Operating within this mechanism, the armaments production represents more than a mesosystem. The conjugation of industrial, political, financial, budgetary, and also strategic and technological variables gives birth to a "hypersystem" which functioning is ruled by an organizing principle called "syzygy", i. E. A set of relations stemming from a technological fund common to several mesosystems. This original configuration explains the peculiar place of armament in the dynamics of the productive system. The syzygy engenders a scientific and technique potential which overshoots its military objectives and could result in commercial applications. Nevertheless the commercial valorisation of these new technologies calls a voluntary behaviour from the firms. The economic growth or depression explain that the connection between armaments production and commercial activities varies in accordance with the evolution of economic activities and investment opportunities. The armaments firms play an important role in that transfer process, as well as the commercial ones-especially thanks to the creation of interfaces by public centres of military research & development
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Rojas, Tito Damire Ariel Haydee. "Collision Risk for Migratory Birds Facing Wind Energy Installations in Europe in Relation to Wind Energy Production." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-449488.
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The increasing presence of wind energy installations is faced with citizen and political resistance often founded on the potential damage these can impose on fauna such as birds. This resistance is an obstacle to the necessary introduction of more weather-based renewable electricity sources due to the consequences of fossil-fuel electricity generation. However, if the introduction of more wind energy installations is to continue, this must also not be at the expense of wildlife. This project seeked to verify the existence of bird-turbine collision risk and to identify high collision risk zones in the temporal and spatial scale for Afro-Palaearctic migratory birds flying through Europe. Collision risk was assumed as the presence of birds through the swept area of turbines. The migratory movement of birds was obtained from an interpolation of a geostatistical model and data from 37 weather radars for the dates 13 February 2018 to 1 January 2019. The data is given as a volumetric flow across a 0.25° grid. The volumetric distribution of wind energy installations was derived from a database of 23145 installations and a self-sourced turbine database of 589 turbine models. This distribution is presented as both a high-resolution map covering the European continent and as a swept area density map. The volumetric bird flow was multiplied by the swept area density to obtain values for birds at risk of collision in a 0.25° grid cell. Birds were not considered at risk when the average wind speed in the cell was outside the cut-in and cut-out wind speed region for the turbines (i.e. not between 3 m/s and 24 m/s). The potential electricity production per 0.25° grid cell was also estimated. This was achieved by assigning power curves from a database to the wind energy installations and assigning a mean power curve to the entries missing a specific turbine model. The wind velocities were hourly average values for the dates 13 February 2018 to 1 January 2019 from the ERA5 reanalysis. A calculation of energy per bird at risk in [TJ/bird] was also done. Four high collision risk spatial zones were explored in detail by use of a map compiled in QGIS and their proximity to or overlay with protected bird habitat sites discussed. Temporally, date ranges when bird collision is highest were obtained for the four country sub-region in 2018. The possibility of curtailment is briefly discussed.
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Kang, Wenli. "Kinetic study of ammonium/ammonia production by Anabaena variabilis cultures in relation with a continuous gas stripping." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4041/document.
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Certaines cyanobactéries photoautotrophes sont capables de fixer l’azote atmosphérique grâce à des cellules spécialisées, les hétérocytes. De plus, en aérobiose, comme ces cellules peuvent excréter de l’ammonium lorsque leurs activités glutamine synthétase sont partiellement inhibées. Elles sont considérées comme usines cellulaires potentielles pour une bioproduction d’engrais azoté. Nous utilisons une souche mutante de Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937-C9, cyanobactérie hétérocytée à taux de croissance élevé, pour étudier la capacité à produire de l’ammonium en photobioréacteurs. Les caractéristiques de croissance de cette souche ne différent pas significativement de celles de la souche sauvage, avec un taux de croissance spécifique maximal de 3.0 j–1 à 30°C. Nous montrons qu’une partie de l’azote excrété dans le milieu de culture est entrainé sous forme de NH3 par la phase gazeuse, expliquant ainsi des sous-estimations antérieures. Cette production dépend de la température, l’irradiance, le taux d’aération et la concentration en MSX. Des études cinétiques confirment que la production d’azote ammoniacal en phase liquide et en phase gazeuse est corrélée aux variations de pH. Une régulation pulsée de pH permet d’accroitre la production de NH3. Des cultures en chemostat confirment que les productions de NH3 gazeux sont maximales à pH 8.8. Une variation cyclique des teneurs en NH4 +/NH3 dissous semble réguler les teneurs en NH4 +/NH3 en dessous d’un seuil critique de 1.5 mmol L–1 via une consommation par les cellules végétatives. Ces caractéristiques physiologiques sont analysées pour une application potentielle à la fourniture d’azote à des cultures de microalgues oléagineusesSome photoautotrophic cyanobacteria species are able to fix dinitrogen thanks to specialized cells, the heterocyts. Moreover, these cells are known to secrete ammonia when the glutamine synthase activity is partially inhibited under aerobic conditions. They are considered as potential cell factories for fertilizer. The present study uses a mutant strain of Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937-C9, a fast-growing heterocytous cyanobacterium, to investigate the potential use of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in photobioreactors for ammonium production. The growth characteristics of this strain cultivated in chemostat cultures are not significantly different from those of the wild strain, with a maximal specific growth rate of 3.0 d–1 at 30°C. A part of the combined nitrogen excreted in the culture medium is shown to be stripped through the aeration of the cultures as NH3, indicating previous underestimation of NH4 +/NH3 excretion. This process is shown to be affected by parameters such as temperature, irradiance, gas flow rate and MSX concentrations. Kinetics study reveals that the dissolved NH4 +/NH3 as well as the gaseous NH3 productions are correlated to pH variations production; a pulse regulation of pH is used to increase the NH3 production. Chemostat cultures with pH regulation are used to confirm that maximal gaseous NH3 is produced at pH 8.8. A cyclic variation of dissolved NH4 +/NH3 seems to regulate the NH4 +/NH3 concentrations under a threshold level of 1.5 mmol L–1; uptake of NH4 + by vegetative cells seems to be involved. These physiological features are discussed in view of operative conditions for efficient nitrogen supply for production by oleaginous microalgae
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Lindblad, Karl. "An economic feasibility study of hydrogen production by electrolysis in relation to offshore wind energy at Oxelösund." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264279.
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In the light of the world’s environmental concerns, every instance of society and in turn our industries, must take their responsibility in order to reach the goals set for ensuring a sustainable future. Standing globally for almost 10 % of all carbon emissions, the steel industry is a major actor in this problem. It is of great importance to change their processes if we are to reach our set goals. Swedish steel and energy industries have started working together to solve this in order to remain competitive in a future market which might value sustainability higher than ever. This is the background to the HYBRIT project which focuses on a new way of producing steel using hydrogen instead of coal, in a process called hydrogenation. Hydrogen can be produced in many ways, but electrolysis shows the greater sustainable potential and is therefore the focus for HYBRIT. The focus for this project is to examine the economic potential in hydrogen production by electrolysis in connection to an offshore wind energy farm. Various system sizes, types and designs were evaluated to understand how and if this could be considered economically feasible. During the study it became clear that these kinds of projects show great potential in order to reduce carbon emissions and an economic potential could be observed. Concerns arise when trying to reach the lowest hydrogen prices available on the market today but even these systems could be valued positive when applying low internal rates of returns. The main conclusion is that there is an economic potential for electrolysis systems in relation to offshore wind energy. What value this system might take, mostly comes down to investment costs, electricity prices and agreements between the concerned parties. In addition, green hydrogen could potentially be valued higher than market minimums and therefore increase the economic potential further. It can also be discussed that a deal stretching over multiple years could be considered stable and in turn increase value. Availability power production and hydrogen storage mostly affects the amount of green energy that is utilized in the process.I ljuset av världens miljöproblem måste varje samhällsinstans, och i sin tur våra industrier, ta sitt ansvar för att nå de mål som ställts för att säkerställa en hållbar framtid. Stålindustrin står globalt för nästan 10% av alla koldioxidutsläpp och är en stor aktör i detta problem. Det är viktigt att förändra dess processer om vi ska nå våra uppsatta mål. Den svenska stål- och energiindustrin har börjat samarbeta för att lösa detta och förbli konkurrenskraftig på en framtida marknad som värderar hållbarhet högre än någonsin. Detta är bakgrunden till HYBRIT-projektet som arbetar på ett nytt sätt att producera stål med hjälp av väte istället för kol, i en process som kallas hydrering. Vätgas kan produceras på många sätt, men elektrolys påvisar en god hållbara potentialen och är därför i fokus för HYBRIT. Fokus för detta projekt är att undersöka den ekonomiska potentialen för väteproduktion genom elektrolys i samband med havsbaserad vindkraft. Olika systemstorlekar, typer och designer utvärderades för att förstå hur och om detta kan anses ekonomiskt genomförbart. Under studien blev det klart att dessa typer av projekt påvisar stor potential för att minska koldioxidutsläppen och en ekonomisk potential kunde observeras. Bekymmer uppstår när man försöker nå de lägsta vätgaspriserna på marknaden idag, men även vid dessa kan systemet värderas positiva när man tillämpar låga interna avkastningsräntor. De viktigaste slutsatserna är att det finns en ekonomisk potential för ett elektrolyssystem i förhållande till havsbaserad vindkraft. Vilket värde systemet tar, beror framförallt på investeringskostnader, el priser och avtal mellan berörda parter. Grön vätgas skulle dessutom kunna värderas högre än industrins lägsta pris och därmed öka värdet ytterligare. Man kan också dra slutsatsen att tillgängligheten av kraftproduktion och vätgasförvaring kraftigt påverkar mängden grön energi som utnyttjas i processen.
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Carter, Kevin. "The Egg Production of Calanoid Copepods in Coastal Waters of Florida and its Relation to the Nutritional Environment." NSUWorks, 1995. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/345.
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Relationships between the nutritional environment and copepod egg production were investigated in Acartia tonsa from the Port Everglades estuary (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida) and in Centropages velificatus, Temora stylifera, and Undinula vulgaris from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Egg production was measured by incubation procedures. Female copepods were incubated either individually (in 250 mL containers) or in groups of 5-10 (in 2 liter containers) for 24 hours. The concentration of particulate protein, lipid, and water-soluble carbohydrate was determined in size-fractionated microplankton samples (1-8 um, 8-100 um). Correlations were identified between egg production (transformed to carbon-specific and protein-specific production), the nutritional environment and the physical environment (i.e. temperature) by least squares techniques.
Significant species-specific correlations were detected between nutrient composition and egg production. The nutrients utilized by copepods for energy (carbohydrates and lipids) appear to be important to the egg production of A. tonsa and C. velificatus.
During the spring, protein-specific production in C. velificatus varied inversely with the lipid concentrations of both particle size classes (1-100 um and 8-100 um) (correlation coefficient [r] = -0.62, significance level [P] < 0 .05, number of data points [n] = 12) and water temperature (r = -0.62, P < 0.05, n = 12) . Protein-specific production in Acartia tonsa was correlated with seston water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the seston (r = 0.88, P < 0.05, n = 10 ) except during a diatom bloom which occurred in June 1993.
Multi-variate analysis revealed a strong relationship between protein- and carbon-specific production of A. tonsa and nutrients utilized for energy (carbohydrates and lipids) (r = 0.91, P < 0.001, n = 9). Centropages velificatus protein- and carbon-specific production was significantly correlated with the combination of water-soluble carbohydrate and protein concentrations in the seston (8-100 um) (r = 0.72, P < 0.05, n = 14).
Estimated ingestion rates suggest copepod species feed at different rates in order to obtain the same percentage of body nutrients. This may be due, in part, to the relationship between the nutrient content of a particular species and the seston nutrient concentrations observed in their distinct environments.
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Akirob, Karen. "Effet du tempo sur la relation entre la mémoire à court terme et la production de frappes cadencées." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25477.pdf.
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Sanoussi, Hamadou. "Énergie et économie : analyse de la relation consommation d'électricité et production de richesse dans une perspective d'intelligence économique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30004.
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L’objet de la thèse consiste à analyser la relation entre la consommation d’électricité et le produit intérieur brut dans une démarche d’intelligence économique. Plus précisément il s’agit d’analyser l’évolution de l’intensité électrique de l’activité économique sur la période de 2003 à 2012 dans les pays développés du G7 et estimer leurs demandes électriques entre 2013 et 2022.Une première partie cherche à explorer les aspects théoriques et pratiques de l’intelligence économique afin de la comprendre et l’appliquer. Une deuxième partie est consacrée à l’analyse empirique. Nous sommes parvenus aux résultats suivants :Premièrement, les courbes d’intensité électrique de deux pays : le Canada et le Etats – Unis dominent celles des autres pays développés, ainsi, les économies de ces deux pays de l’Amérique du nord sont plus énergivores que celles du Japon et des pays de l’Union européenne. Ensuite, l’évolution temporelle de la consommation d’électricité par unité de PIB sur dix années (2003 – 2012) a globalement diminué dans cinq pays: le Canada (-12%) ; le Royaume – Uni (-5, 3%) ; les Etats – Unis (-5%) ; la France (- 4%) ; l’Allemagne (-3%). Par contre, elle s’est détériorée au Japon (+5%) et en Italie (+6%). L’effet de « structure » est négatif dans tout l’échantillon, il traduit donc t une tertiarisation généralisée. Par contre l’effet « d’efficacité électrique » est contrasté. Il est négatif au Canada et aux Etats – Unis et positif dans le reste du groupe.Deuxièmement, les estimations indiquent une croissance généralisée de la demande électrique de 2013 - 2022 dans l’ensemble des pays du G7. Par ailleurs, les coefficients élasticité électricité /PIB sont inférieurs à l’unité dans tous les pays, excepté l’Italie. Cela signifie que la demande d’électricité moyen annuel de ces pays devrait croître moins vite que leurs PIB. Enfin, les principales perspectives de recherche qui apparaissent à l'issue de cette thèse concernent la transposition de notre modèle d’analyse (l’intelligence énergétique) aux autres formes d’énergie à savoir : le pétrole, le gaz, le charbon et les renouvelables .Finalement, ce modèle peut servir d’instrument de politique économique, énergétique et environnementale aux acteurs économiques et politiques (Etats, entreprises, ONG, OIG.)The subject of this thesis consists of an analysis of the relationship between electricity consumption and Gross Domestic Product from the perspective of Competitive Intelligence. More specifically, it analyzes the evolution of the electrical intensity of economic activity from 2003 to 2012 in the developed countries of the G7, and then estimates their electricity needs from 2013 to 2022. Part one attempt to explore theoretical and practical aspects of Competitive Intelligence to understand and apply them, while part two is devoted to the empirical analysis itself.Concerning the latter, our results are as follows:First, the electrical intensity curves of two countries—Canada and the United States—dominate those of other developed countries; thus, the economies of these two North American countries are more energy-hungry than those of Japan and the countries of the European Union. The overall temporal evolution of electricity consumption per GDP unit over a ten-year period (2003-1012) has gone down in five countries: Canada (-12%), the United Kingdom (-5.3%), the United States (-5%), France (-4%), and Germany (-3%). On the other hand, this evolution has gone the other direction in Japan (+5%) and Italy (+6%). The effect of “structure” is negative across all analyzed data, suggesting general “tertiarisation”. However, the effect of “electricity efficiency” is mixed: it is negative in the United States and Canada, but positive for the rest of group.Second, estimations indicate an overall growth in electricity demand across all G7 countries from 2013 to 2022. Additionally, electrical elasticity coefficients/GDP units are down in all countries except Italy. This tells us that the average annual demand for electricity in these countries should increase at a slower rate than their respective GDPs.Lastly, the primary research perspectives that appear at the beginning of this thesis concern the transposition of our model of analysis (energetic intelligence) onto other forms of energy such as oil, natural gas, coal, and renewable energy sources. In the end, this model could be useful to economic and political authorities (governments, private companies, NGOs, IGOs, etc.) as an instrument of economic, energy, and environmental policy
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Hagstroem, Agnes. "Prospects for continued use and production of Swedish biogas in relation to current market transformations in public transport." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259597.
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Biogas is largely utilised as vehicle fuel in public bus transport in Sweden today. This study investigates opportunities and barriers for continued domestic use and production of biogas, in relation to the ongoing electrification of public bus transport. The analysis is based on interviews with actors in public transport and the biogas sector, experts on biogas systems, and representatives for alternative user segments. Three regions were chosen as case-studies for investigations of prospects in public transport, i.e. Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne, though alternative uses were studied from a national perspective. In addition to public transport, considered uses include road transport, sea transport, industries, and electricity and heat production. The study identifies a broad agreement among stakeholders that renewable resources should be implemented where they provide most benefits from a system perspective. Therefore, electric public buses are valued in urban environments, while biogas solutions are found suitable for regional routes. Biogas is further viewed as environmentally beneficial in all user segments except continuous electricity and heat production, where it largely would replace renewable rather than fossil sources. Regarding costs and competitiveness, probable future uses are identified within light and heavy-duty road transport, and in consumer-oriented industries, i.e. the food industry. Economic support in policy instruments is further considered essential for continuous development of the Swedish biogas sector, though current influential instruments, e.g. the tax exemption, are described as short-term and unpredictable. The willingness to pay for the collected societal benefits of biogas further decrease in transitions from public to private consumers, and as biogas solutions simultaneously are linked with limited or uncertain competitiveness in these sectors, risks prevail that such transitions could imply stagnations and declines in biogas use and production, given today’s situation.Idag används biogas till stor del som drivmedel för bussar inom kollektivtrafik i Sverige. Denna studie undersöker möjligheter och hinder för en fortsatt nationell användning och produktion av biogas, i samband med att bussar inom kollektivtrafiken nu elektrifieras. Analysen är baserad på intervjuer med aktörer inom kollektivtrafiken och biogassektorn, sakkunniga inom biogas, och alternativa användare av biogas. Tre regioner, Stockholm, Västra Götaland och Skåne, valdes som fallstudier för analys av möjligheter för fortsatt användning inom kollektivtrafiken. Alternativa användningar studerades istället ur ett nationellt perspektiv, och inkluderade vägtransporter, sjöfart, industri och el- och värmeproduktion. Studien visar att det råder enighet mellan intervjupersoner att förnybara resurser över lag ska användas där de medför störst samhällsnytta sett till samhället i stort. Inom kollektivtrafiken beskrivs elbussar därför som fördelaktiga i stadsmiljöer, medan biogas ses som lämpligt i regional trafik. Biogas framställs dessutom som miljömässigt fördelaktigt i alla alternativa användningsområden utom kontinuerlig el- och värmeproduktion, eftersom då främst förnybara och inte fossila resurser ersätts. Med hänsyn till kostnader och konkurrenskraft ses lätta och tunga transporter tillsammans med kundnära industrier, t.ex. livsmedelsindustrin, som troliga framtida användningsområden för biogas. Ekonomiskt stöd från styrmedel bedöms vara nödvändigt för en fortsatt utveckling av biogassektorn i Sverige, även om dagens styrmedel, t.ex. skattebefrielsen, beskrivs som kortsiktiga och oförutsägbara. Betalningsviljan för biogasens samlade samhällsnyttor minskar också vid en övergång från offentliga till privata kunder. Eftersom biogas därtill har en begränsad eller osäker konkurrenskraft jämtemot andra alternativ i de privata segmenten, identifierar denna studie risker för stagnation eller nedgång i användning och produktion av biogas vid en eventuell utfasning från den offentliga sektorn, givet dagens situation.
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Tungaraza, Joseph Mtebe. "Legal reform of oil and gas law in Tanzania in relation to foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4772.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe objective of this study is to analyse the law relating to exploration and production of oil and gas in Tanzania in relation to the protection of FDI. The analysis will be based on the international standards for the protection of FDI. Some of these standards are contained in international instruments and some of them have attained the status of customary international law. Examples of such standards include: Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), Full Protection and Security (FPS), non-arbitrariness and non-discrimination, among others. Some international instruments to be referred to include the 1992 World Bank Guidelines on Treatment of FDI and the CERDS.
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Abdi-Dezfuli, Farzaad. "The synthesis and secretion of protein by the guinea-pig endometrium and conceptus in relation to uterine prostaglandin production." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18885.
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Proteins released into medium used to culture, for 24h, endometrium removed from guinea-pigs on Days 7 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, from ovariectomised guinea-pigs treated with progesterone and/or oestradiol, and from Day-15 pregnant guinea-pigs were separated using affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose (BS) CL-6B into proteins with (BS+ ve) and without (BS-ve) affinity for this gel resin. The turnovers of total protein released from the endometrium were not significantly different between Days 7 and 15 of the cycle. However, the turnover of BS-ve proteins was significantly greater on Day 15 than on Day 7 of the cycle. This change in emphasis away from BS+ ve proteins to BS-ve proteins from Day 7 to Day 15 of the cycle appears to be regulated by oestradiol. Significantly greater amounts of [3H]-leucine were incorporated into secreted proteins synthesised by Day-15 endometrium than by Day 7 endometrium, the difference being 2.1-fold. [3H]-Glucosamine was also incorporated into secreted proteins synthesised by Day-7 and Day-15 endometrium in culture. However, there was no significant difference between the amounts of glycosylated protein synthesised and secreted by Day-7 endometrium compared to Day-15 endometrium, The secretion of proteins, synthesised de novo, was low in ovariectomised guinea-pigs treated with progesterone, higher in ovariectomised guinea-pigs treated with oestradiol, and at a maximum in ovariectomised guinea-pigs which had been treated with progesterone and then oestradiol. The secretion of proteins, synthesised de novo, by Day-15 pregnant endometrium was also low.
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Pham-Delègue, Minh-Hà. "Bases comportementales et chimiques de la relation insecte pollinisateur-plante : le modele abeille-tournesol en production de semences hybrides." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066291.
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Une analyse des interactions plantes-insectes pollinisateurs a ete realisee en s'attachant a identifier les substances d'origine florale impliquees dans les preferences comportementales des insectes. L'etude a ete developpee sur le modele abeille domestique (apis mellifica l. )-tournesol (helianthus annuus l. ) pour la production des semences hybrides f1. Partant du fait que le comportement de butinage repose sur un conditionnement nourriture-odeur des observations comportementales conduites en conditions naturelles ont permis de montrer des preferences inter-genotypes chez les butineuses. Ces preferences ont ete mises en relation avec les secretions nectariferes des genotypes. La composition en sucres des nectars a ete analysee par une technique de chromatographie en phase gazeuse et a revelee la presence de glucose, fructose et saccharose en quantites relatives propres a chaque genotype. Une correlation positive entre l'attraction des abeilles et la presence de saccharose dans le nectar a ete montree. Parallelement, les productions polliniques des genotypes fertiles ont ete quantifiees par une methode de comptage automatique, et une heredite des productions de pollen lignees parentales-hybrides f1 resultants, est apparue. Enfin, les emissions volatiles florales ont ete analysees par des methodes de chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplee a la spectrometrie de masse. Des differences inter genotypes dans la composition en produits volatils, ont ete mises en evidence. L'association de methodes de fractionnements chimiques des extraits volatils et d'essais comportementaux en conditions controlees a permis de montrer qu'une fraction limitee du melange aromatique etait necessaire et suffisante a la reconnaissance de l'arome de tournesol par l'abeille. La caracterisation de parametres chimiques d'origine vegetale, impliques dans le comportement de butinage des abeilles, permet d'envisager leur integration dans des programmes de selection du vegetal, afin d'optimiser la pollinisation croisee
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Hao, Yushan. "Characterization of Peat Bog CO2 and CH4 Production Potentials in relation to Peat Physico-chemical Properties and Vegetation Composition." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562338709421684.
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Lizon, Fabrice. "Photoadaptation et évaluation de la production photosynthétique du phytoplancton en relation avec les caractéristiques hydrodynamiques de la Manche orientale." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066443.
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Il est maintenant reconnu que c'est principalement dans les ecosystemes cotiers que l'on trouve les plus fortes productivites phytoplanctoniques journalieres et annuelles. Cependant, c'est aussi dans ces memes ecosystemes que se trouveraient les plus grandes incertitudes quant a l'estimation de la production primaire pelagique globale, puisque c'est la que les processus forcant ou limitant le developpement phytoplanctonique sont les plus variables et les plus diversifies. Dans un premier temps, le present travail s'est attache a valider la technique utilisee pour estimer la production photosynthetique dans un environnement a fort hydrodynamisme comme la manche orientale. Il a ainsi ete montre qu'en plus de l'intensite lumineuse incidente, les melanges verticaux via les processus photoadaptatifs controlaient les differences observees entre des bilans journaliers de production estimes par des methodes differentes (essentiellement du point de vue des temps d'incubation). Dans un second temps, l'influence des melanges verticaux sur la photoadaptation du phytoplancton et la production photosynthetique a ete etudiee a l'echelle des demi-cycles de maree (6h) et des cycles de mortes eaux - vives eaux (me-ve ; 14 j) en manche orientale, mer epicontinentale a regime maregraphique de type megatidal. Il a alors ete mis en evidence que dans un environnement ou les caracteristiques hydrologiques des eaux ne sont influencees par l'hydrodynamisme qu'a l'echelle des demi-cycles de maree, l'intensite des melanges verticaux controlait l'heterogeneite verticale des caracteristiques photosynthetiques, c'est a dire les processus photoadaptatifs du phytoplancton, aux deux echelles temporelles citees ci-dessus. Ainsi, si les cycles de maree engendrent periodiquement l'homogeneisation verticale des caracteristiques photosynthetiques, les cycles de me-ve influencent l'amplitude des heterogeneites verticales atteintes. En revanche, le controle de la production photosynthetique journaliere, tout comme celui de la biomasse phytoplanctonique, ne peuvent etre observes en raison de phenomenes courantologiques complexes et de campagnes conduites a des epoques differentes du cycle saisonnier. En consequence, apres avoir determine les constantes de cinetique des processus photoadaptatifs d'une population naturelle de phytoplancton, une parametrisation simple des interactions entre les processus physiques et physiologiques precedents a ete developpee. D'une part celle-ci confirme les observations in situ concernant l'heterogeneite verticale des caracteristiques photosynthetiques, d'autre part elle montre qu'il existe une relation entre l'intensite du melange vertical a l'echelle des cycles de me-ve et les bilans journaliers de production photosynthetique. Cette etude precise de plus que la relation precedente est fonction de la profondeur des couches euphotiques des colonnes d'eau etudiees et que des melanges verticaux moderes n'engendrent pas de stimulation particuliere de la production photosynthetique journaliere. En conclusion, il ressort de cette etude que l'estimation des bilans de production du phytoplancton a macroechelle dans un systeme hydrodynamique perturbe comme la manche orientale, devra considerer l'activite physiologique des microalgues. Celle-ci est en effet influencee par les melanges verticaux a l'echelle des cycles de maree et des cycles de me-ve, voire meme par la variabilite spatiale de l'energie auxiliaire.
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Vintila, Simina. "Functional genomics of the Baltic Sea cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in relation to nitrogen fixation, heterocyst differentiation and toxin production /." Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-29495.
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Vivallo, Pinares Ángel Gabriel de María. "L'Agriculture et le peuple mapuche." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0030/document.
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Cette thèse démontre l’existence de l’agriculture comme une activité importantedu peuple mapuche à travers l’histoire, avant la conquête espagnole jusqu’auXXIème siècle. La recherche démontre la capacité des Mapuche à résister etcombattre des ennemis puissants et féroceset également l’intelligenteadaptation à toutes les invasions étrangères, même celles de l’Etat Chilien. Lathèse montre les changements dans l’agriculture et la capacité du peuplemapuche à innover, depuis l’invasion des incas au XVème siècle, la conquêtedes espagnols du XVIème au XIXème siècle et l’occupation chilienne jusqu’auXXIème siècle. Au moment de la conquête espagnole, les Mapuche étaient unpeuple en pleine sédentarisation qui occupait un territoire de façon autonome.Les communautés peuplaient des terrains délimités et pratiquaient uneagriculture de subsistance culturelle, en plus de la cueillette, de la pêche et dela chasse. Selon les concepts de culture de UNESCO (2003), Taylor (1977) etla civilisation de Braudel (1966,1968,1970)), les Mapuches possédaient uneculture et une civilisation.La société était organisée en groupes de lignéesmatricielles, ils avaient une cosmovision, une culture et une organisationsociale. Pendant la colonie, ils adoptent et s’approprient les technologieseuropéennes, ils développent un élevage puissant qui s’étend à la pampaargentine. Cette activité génère un échange commercial puissant et diversifiéentre le territoire mapuche et le Royaume du Chili, fait de produits animaux,d’objets manufacturés et de produits alimentaires. L’échange était défavorableaux Mapuche et dut être régulé par des traités. La République commence àreconnaitre les territoires mapuche, mais ensuite, pour des raisons d’expansionéconomique, elle les envahit à feu et à sang. Les Mapuche résistent mais sontmis en déroute par l’armée chilienne, qui a gagné la guerre du Pacifique. LesMapuches commencent le XXème siècle spoliés de 95% de leurs terres, depresque tout leur élevage puissant, de leurs biens capitaux, des machines, deséquipements, des charrues, des semences et des plantations. Mais surtout ilssont exclus, mis en ségrégation et confrontés à des stratégies d’assimilation etd’extermination. Ils meurent d’inanition, de maladies et d’épidémies. C’est à cemoment qu’est générée la vraie dette historique de l’Etat du Chili envers lesmapuche. Les Réformes Agraireset particulièrement celles de l’Unité Populaire(1970-1973) soulèvent le problème des terres usurpées, elles proposent etmettent en oeuvre des solutions, que la dictature militaire (1973-1990) annule.La Concertation pour la Démocratie (1990-2010) reconnait les spécificités dupeuple mapuche et résout une partie des conflits pour la terre. Actuellement, lesmapuche de la campagne sont confrontés à de puissantes stratégiesd’assimilation et d’extermination de leur culture, cependant au niveau descommunautés rurales, on observe la capacité manifeste du peuple mapuche às’adapter aux changements, résister et imposer les termes de base desconditions nécessaires pour se reconstruire comme peuple originaire du ChiliThis thesis demonstrates that, throughout history, before the Spanish conquestuntil the 21st Century, agriculture has been an important activity of the mapuchepeople. Research conducted points out the ability of the mapuche to resist andbattle against powerful and ferocious foes, and in addition, their intelligentadaptation to foreign invasions, including that of the State of Chile. The thesisdemonstrates the changes that took place in agriculture and the ability of themapuche people to innovate, since the Inca invasion in the 15th century, theSpanish conquest through the 16 to 19th centuries, and the Chilean occupationthat extends reaching the 21st century. At the start of the Spanish conquest,mapuches constituted people that autonomously occupied a territory, were fullysedentary, communities populated clearly delimited areas, and conductedagriculture of cultural subsistence, in addition to harvesting native vegetation,fishing and hunting. Society was matricially organized by lineages, by groups,had a cosmic view, culture and social organization. During the Colony, theyadopt and appropriate European technology, develop a powerful animalhusbandry that extends through the Argentinian pampa; this activity generates astrong and diversified commercial exchange between the mapuche territory andthe Kingdom of Chile, of animal products, handicrafts and food products.Exchange was unfavorable for the mapuche and had to be regulated throughparliaments. The Chilean Republic at first recognized the mapuche territories,but later, for reasons of economic expansion, occupies them through war.Mapuches resist and are defeated by the Chilean army that had recently wonthe Pacific Ocean War against Peru and Bolivia. The mapuche enter the 20thcentury deprived of 95% of their territory, almost the total of their powerfulanimal husbandry, their capital goods, machinery, equipment, annual andperennial crops. But above all, they are excluded, segregated, faced withassimilation and extermination strategies, they die from hunger, diseases andpests. The real historical debt of the State of Chile with the mapuche generatesat that point. Agrarian reforms, in particular that of the Popular Unity (1970-73)political government faces the problem of usurped lands and initiates solutions,later reversed by the Military Government (1973-90). Concertation forDemocracy governments (1990-2010), recognizes the specificities of themapuche people and partially solves land conflicts. At present, rural mapucheface powerful strategies of assimilation and cultural extermination; however, atthe rural communities’ level, the ability of the mapuche people to adapt tochanges, adequate, resist, and impose the basic terms of the conditionsnecessary to reconstruct themselves as a Chilean original people has becomeclearly evident
Esta tesis demuestra la existencia de la agricultura como actividad importantedel pueblo mapuche a través de la historia antes de la conquista hasta el sigloXXI. La investigación demuestra la capacidad de los mapuches para resistir ycombatir a enemigos poderosos y feroces y además la inteligente adaptación atodas las irrupciones extranjeras incluidas las del Estado de Chile. La tesismuestra los cambios en la agricultura y la capacidad del pueblo mapuche parainnovar, desde la invasión de los incas en el siglo XV, la conquista de losespañoles entre los siglos XVI y XIX y la ocupación chilena hasta llegar alsiglo XXI. Los mapuches al momento de la conquista española eran un puebloque ocupaba un territorio en forma autónoma en plena sedentarización, lascomunidades poblaban terrenos delimitados y desarrollaban agricultura desubsistencia cultural, además de la recolección, la pesca y la caza. La sociedadestaba organizada por linajes matricialmente, por grupos, tenían unacosmovisión, una cultura y una organización social. Durante la colonia, adoptany se apropian de tecnologías europeas, desarrollan una poderosa ganaderíaque se extiende por la pampa Argentina; esta actividad genera un fuerte ydiversificado intercambio comercial entre el territorio mapuche y el Reino deChile, de productos animales, artesanado y productos alimentarios. Elintercambio era desfavorable a los mapuches y debió ser regulado medianteparlamentos. La República comienza reconociendo los territorios mapuche,pero luego, por razones de expansión económica los ocupa a sangre y fuego.Los mapuche resisten y son derrotados por el ejército Chileno que ganó laguerra del Pacifico. Los mapuches entran al siglo XX despojados del 95% desus tierras de casi toda su poderosa ganadería, de sus bienes de capital,maquinas, equipos, arreos, siembras y plantaciones. Pero sobre todo sonexcluidos, segregados enfrentados a estrategias de asimilación y exterminio,mueren de inanición, por enfermedades y por la peste. Allí se genera laverdadera deuda histórica del Estado de Chile con los mapuches. LasReformas Agrarias, especialmente la de la Unidad Popular, levantan elproblema de tierras usurpadas y propones y ejecuta soluciones, que ladictadura militar anula. La Concertación por la Democracia reconoce lasespecificidades del pueblo mapuche y soluciona una parte de los conflictos porla tierra. Actualmente los mapuche del campo enfrentan poderosas estrategiasde asimilación y exterminio de su cultura, sin embargo a nivel de lacomunidades rurales se pone de manifiesto la capacidad del pueblo mapuchepara adaptarse a los cambios, adecuarse, resistir e ir imponiendo los términosbásicos de las condiciones necesarias para reconstruirse como pueblooriginario de Chile
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Mairesse, Gilles. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la production d'alcaloïdes tropaniques par culture in vitro de cellules végétales issues de Solanacées : influence de divers précurseurs : relation avec la production de certains polyphénols." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD332.
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Les cellules végétales de Duboisia myoporoïdes cultivées in vitro produisent très peu d'alcaloïdes tropaniques par rapport à la plante-mère. Cependant, puisqu'elles ont gardées leurs potentialités métaboliques, cette carence en matière de production peut avoir plusieurs origines. Les techniques de dosage des alcaloïdes tropaniques utilisées (ELISA et CLHP) sont très sensibles et permettent de déceler de faibles augmentations de production. L'optimisation de procédés analytiques n'a pas eu d'effet sur les teneurs en alcaloïdes des extraits provenant de cellules cultivées in vitro : les alcaloïdes tropaniques ne sont donc pas stockés sous des formes inhabituelles rendant leur extraction difficile. L'hyoscyamine et la scopolamine exogènes ne sont pas dégradées rapidement dans les conditions de culture, ces molécules ne sont donc pas catabolisées au fur et à mesure de leur production. Il apparaît donc que c'est la biosynthèse des alcaloïdes tropaniques qui est inhibée, un déficit de précurseurs pourrait être en cause. L'ajout de précurseurs de l'hyoscyamine et de la scopolamine (le tropanol, le scopanol et l'acide tropique) aux cellules de Duboisia myoporoïdes n'a pas permis d'augmenter les teneurs en alcaloïdes tropaniques des cellules. Cependant, ces précurseurs semblent être utilisés par les cellules. Par contre, la mise en culture in vitro des cellules végétales de Solanacées provoque une modification de leur métabolisme secondaire au profit de la synthèse de composés polyphénoliques, en particulier de coumarines, qui sont stockés dans les cellules sous forme glycosylée.
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Mitra, Sukanya. "A study of the impact music videos have had on production techniques in relation to network television programs and commercials." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1986. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Dimitroglou, Arkadios. "Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation in relation to intestinal integrity, microbiota, health and production of cultured fish species." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/296.
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A series of investigations were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of MOS supplementation in finfish aquaculture. Fish with great potential in aquaculture industry were tested with regards to effect of dietary MOS supplementation on intestinal histology and microbiology as well as overall animal health and production. Two levels of MOS supplementation were applied 0.2% and 0.4%. Experimental fish were Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchys mykiss), sole (Solea senegalensis) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The results from the sea bream studies revealed that MOS supplementation may have a beneficial effect on growth performance of fish greater than 100 g. Additionally, there is a systemic improvement of the intestinal histology for all species investigated, especially when using 0.4% of MOS supplementation level. Both light and electron microscopy revealed increased intestinal surface and improved intestinal integrity of MOS fed fish. MOS alters the intestinal microbiota, in the case of gilthead sea bream modulation was evident even when fish were fed 0.2% dietary MOS for as little as 2 weeks. Blood immune parameters were also affected by the MOS inclusion and total leukocytes counts were increased and leukocytes relative abundance was also changed. MOS induced intestinal microbial modulation was more evident in fish are reared in outdoor conditions. Feed utilization and digestibility were improved with the addition of 0.4% MOS supplementation in the Atlantic salmon. The sole experiment revealed that MOS could reduce fish mortalities induced by pasteurelliosis. These investigations, suggest a potential role for application of MOS in aquaculture. Future research should be conducted in order to evaluate other parameters that MOS may influence and ascertain optimum dosage for each fish species and developmental stage.
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Seguro, Requejo Maria Isabel. "Shelf-sea gross and net production estimates from triple oxygen isotopes and oxygen-argon ratios in relation with phytoplankton physiology." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/69374/.
Full textAbstract:
Shelf seas represent only 10 % of the ocean area, but support 30 % of oceanic primary production. There are few measurements of biological production at high spatial and temporal resolution in such physically dynamic systems. Here, I use dissolved oxygento- argon (O2/Ar) ratios and triple oxygen isotopes (δ(17O), δ(18O)) to estimate net and gross biological production seasonally in the Celtic Sea between summer 2014 and summer 2015, as part of the NERC Shelf-Sea Biogeochemistry programme. O2/Ar was measured continuously using a shipboard membrane inlet mass spectrometer. Discrete water samples from hydrocasts were used to measure O2/Ar, δ(17O) and δ(18O) depth profiles. The data were combined with wind-speed based gas exchange parameterisations to calculate biological air-sea oxygen fluxes. These fluxes were corrected for non-steady state and diapycnal diffusion to give net community production (N(O2/Ar)) and gross O2 production (G(17O)). N(O2/Ar) was highest in spring at (33±41) mmol m-2 d-1, and G(17O) was highest in summer at (494±370) mmol m-2 d-1, while autumn was net heterotrophic with N(O2/Ar) = (–14±28) mmol m-2 d-1. During spring, biological production was spatially heterogeneous, highlighting the importance of high resolution biological production measurements. The ratio of N(O2/Ar) to G(17O), ƒ(O2), was highest in spring at 0.18±0.03 corresponding to 0.34±0.06 in carbon equivalents; about 0.05 in summer and < 0 in autumn/winter. Statistical measurement uncertainties increase when terms other than air-sea exchange fluxes are included in the calculations. Additionally, electron transfer rate derived from fast repetition rate fluorometry measurements was compared with G(17O), but no simple relationship was found. This study characterised the seasonal biological patterns in production rates and shows that the Celtic Sea is a net carbon sink in spring and summer. Such measurements can help reconcile the differences between satellite and in situ productivity estimates, and improve our understanding of the biological carbon pump.
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Hong, Euyoung. "Constructing an invisible territory : an investigation of the production of the sculptural in relation to urban development since the 1980s." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2013. http://research.gold.ac.uk/9609/.
Full textAbstract:
In the current field of art, sculpture is broadly defined to include various concepts of minimalism, conceptualism and performance. This definition is in the process of change. Despite its expansion, sculpture – or what I call the sculptural – is less focused in its simple relationship with the site or the environment. This thesis aims to expand on and experiment with the current understanding of sculpture, moving towards a new concept of the sculptural. To achieve this, it focuses on the concept of space and its role in the production of the sculptural from a multidimensional perspective, where particular works of art, theories and concepts are reinterpreted and dislocated in terms of the political dynamism of space. By reconsidering Rosalind Krauss’ theory of the relationship between sculpture and the expanded field, this thesis investigates ways in which the sculptural is produced by and influences its surroundings in the complex mechanism of space. Furthermore, it rediscovers the object’s territory in particular relation to political concepts, by exploring the production of a sculptural work in the shifting relationship between object, space and spectator. It focuses on the dialectical relationship between dwelling space and transit space, and proposes a new sculptural strategy for the transformation from the traditional concept of installation (art) to an expanded idea of installation. The sculptural elucidates changing ideas of the urban, particularly focusing on the relationship between the production of urban space and the logic of capital. Drawing on David Harvey’s theory of neoliberalism, this thesis investigates the politics of urban centrality and its crucial role in the current trend from planned to produced urbanism. Through its dynamic relationship with the urban, the sculptural engenders and demonstrates certain notions about the world or the urban, finding means to construct an urban aesthetic, to practise urbanism; in this process, the site or the environment becomes non-environmental or sculptural.