Academic literature on the topic 'Relation humans-machines'
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Journal articles on the topic "Relation humans-machines"
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Rhee, Young. "Being and Relation in the Posthuman Age." Socium i vlast 5 (2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2020-5-07-12.
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What will be the posthuman society? As usual, there are two prospects: the pessimistic view and the optimistic view. According to pessimistic view, as technologies advance emerge new beings called as transhuman with enhanced intelligence and physical power, and extremely long lifespan and they will dominate humans. On the other hand, according to optimistic view, technology will benefit humans, so humans evolve via transhuman to posthuman with smart machines. There are complex issues tangled together in the dispute between the rival views, especially such as the natural vs. artificial beings, human dignity and equality, and meaning of life. The aim of this article is to examine being and relation in posthuman age in the point of Nietzsche’s philosophy. I examine transhuman as a typical being of posthuman age and ressentiment as its relation respectively. Nietzsche has influenced the rise of transhumanism and posthumanism, as can be seen from direct or indirect confessions from pioneers of them, though there are debates about whether the influence is real or superficial. By paying particular attention to Nietzsche’s idea of Master and Slave, ressentiment, and Overman (Übermensch), I contend that (a) in the posthuman age new classes will emerge, which correspond to Master and Slave, (b) there will be a new ressentiment of Slaves toward their Masters, and (c) Overman as a creator of new value will be required in order to solve the problem by ressentiment.
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Rhee, Young. "Being and Relation in the Posthuman Age." Socium i vlast 5 (2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2020-5-13-19.
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What will be the posthuman society? As usual, there are two prospects: the pessimistic view and the optimistic view. According to pessimistic view, as technologies advance emerge new beings called as transhuman with enhanced intelligence and physical power, and extremely long lifespan and they will dominate humans. On the other hand, according to optimistic view, technology will benefit humans, so humans evolve via transhuman to posthuman with smart machines. There are complex issues tangled together in the dispute between the rival views, especially such as the natural vs. artificial beings, human dignity and equality, and meaning of life. The aim of this article is to examine being and relation in posthuman age in the point of Nietzsche’s philosophy. I examine transhuman as a typical being of posthuman age and ressentiment as its relation respectively. Nietzsche has influenced the rise of transhumanism and posthumanism, as can be seen from direct or indirect confessions from pioneers of them, though there are debates about whether the influence is real or superficial. By paying particular attention to Nietzsche’s idea of Master and Slave, ressentiment, and Overman (Übermensch), I contend that (a) in the posthuman age new classes will emerge, which correspond to Master and Slave, (b) there will be a new ressentiment of Slaves toward their Masters, and (c) Overman as a creator of new value will be required in order to solve the problem by ressentiment.
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Watson, Eleanor Nell. "The Supermoral Singularity—AI as a Fountain of Values." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 3, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc3020023.
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This article looks at the problem of moral singularity in the development of artificial intelligence. We are now on the verge of major breakthroughs in machine technology where autonomous robots that can make their own decisions will become an integral part of our way of life. This article presents a qualitative, comparative approach, which considers the differences between humans and machines, especially in relation to morality, and is grounded in historical and contemporary examples. This argument suggests that it is difficult to apply models of human morality and evolution to machines and that the creation of super-intelligent robots that will be able to make moral decisions could have potentially serious consequences. A runaway moral singularity could result in machines seeking to confront human moral transgressions in a quest to eliminate all forms of evil. This might also culminate in an all-out war in which humanity might be defeated.
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Pentazou, Ioulia. "‘Having everything, possessing nothing’: archives and archiving in the digital era." Punctum. International Journal of Semiotics 09, no. 01 (2023): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18680/hss.2023.0008.
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The article explores meaning-making by investigating the subject-object relation and human-machine intra-action within the context of archive and archiving practices. It discusses changing relations between humans, machines, and objects in changing technological environments. Entering the digital archive’s cosmos, the subject-object relation transfers the focus on human-machine intra-action. The article examines the thingness of digital objects and the role of search engines in generating data collections as prerequisites for the intelligibility of the entangled parts. In digital flowness, search engines provoke a stasis in the constant movement of information, creating ephemeral collections. Thus, meaning emerges as a temporal pause within the ongoing continuum. The article argues that in the processual continuum of movement-stasis, meaning is a process – always a momentum, always stillborn, thus, intelligible to both the human and the machine. Conceiving meaning as a process within the condition of digital flowness signifies the transcendence of content in favor of processual entanglements between the human and the machine.
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Oriel, Elizabeth. "Whom Would Animals Designate as “Persons”?" Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v24i3.32.
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Humans are animals; humans are machines. The current academic and popular dialogue on extending the personhood boundary to certain non-human animal species and at the same time to machines/robots reflects a dialectic about how “being human” is defined, about how we perceive our species and ourselves in relation to the environment. While both paths have the potential to improve lives, these improvements differ in substance and in consequence. One route has the potential to broaden the anthropocentric focus within the West and honor interdependence with life systems, while the other affords greater currency to a human-purpose-driven worldview–furthering an unchecked Anthropocene. The broadening of legal personhood rights to life systems is underway with a ruling for dolphins in India, for a river in New Zealand and with Laws of the Rights of Mother Earth in Bolivia. Many philosophers, ethicists, and ethologists define personhood within the confines of the dominant anthropocentric paradigm, yet alternate eco-centric paradigms offer an inclusive model that may help dismantle the artificial wall between humans and nature. In this paper, I explore these eco-centric paradigms and the implications of an associated worldview for human perceptions, self-awareness, communication, narrative, and research.
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Krause, Markus, François Bry, and Mihai Georgescu. "Disco: Workshop on Human and Machine Learning in Games." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 1 (November 3, 2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v1i1.13063.
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Exploiting the playfulness of games has been extremely successful in bringing humans “in the loop” to solve complex computational tasks that would otherwise be hardly tractable. Although many proposals and systems after this paradigm have been developed, deployed, and tested, the relationship between play and human computation still deserves more investigations. Most work in human computation focuses on the ability for the machine to exploit, or learn from, humans. The workshop has a slightly different focus: the exploration of extending “I learn” (“disco” in Latin) to machines and humans alike. Games hold tremendous potential for discovery related to human and machine computation because of the intrinsic relation between play and learning. Extending and building upon the focus of past workshops on games and human computation Disco aims at exploring the intersection of entertainment, learning and human computation.
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Wargo, Eric. "The Passion of the Space Jockey: Alienated Sentience and Endosymbiosis in the World of H. R. Giger." Gnosis: Journal of Gnostic Studies 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451859x-12340075.
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Abstract The “biomechanoids” of the Swiss painter H. R. Giger (1940–2014) depict the sadomasochistic bondage of humans and machines. Although Giger’s art has commonly been interpreted in psychoanalytic terms as representing some past trauma connected with origins and birth, I argue that it also encodes a distinctly gnostic warning about the trajectory of consciousness in relation to technology, a “fall of spirit into matter” that may lie ahead of our species rather than behind. With the help of the endosymbiosis theory of biologist Lynn Margulis, I decode the dark warning transmission in Giger’s work, especially the iconic “Space Jockey” Giger designed for Ridley Scott’s 1979 blockbuster Alien—a fossilized star pilot fused to its ship. As a vision of the more disturbing possibilities of cyborgs or human-machine symbionts, the Space Jockey contrasts sharply with optimistic dreams of Singularities and “spiritual machines.” It suggests a posthuman future in which distinctly nonspiritual machines find it useful to coopt or exploit spirit (human or otherwise) for their own ends.
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Hayward, Mark, and Ghislain Thibault. "Ethics in Jacques Lafitte’s Mechanology." Theory, Culture & Society 38, no. 5 (January 31, 2021): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420981156.
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This article argues that the most widely disseminated reading of Lafitte’s writings, which aligns his proposals for ‘mechanology’ with cybernetics, overlooks the broader ethical and social project to which he hoped his ideas would contribute. It is shown that the purpose of mechanology articulated by Lafitte was the development of an ethical relation to machines, a theme he developed in his later publications. It is argued that Lafitte’s position resonates with positions taken by contemporary works focused on the renewal of a critical approach to the philosophy of technology, particularly those that seek to transform the relationship between humans and the natural world.
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Sin, Dong Eui. "A Study on Moral Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Focusing on the Distinction and Application of Ethics of Artificial Moral Agent (AMA)." Korean Journal of Teacher Education 39, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14333/kjte.2023.39.3.02.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ultimate difference and limitations between humans and machines while addressing the most heated controversy in the era of artificial intelligence, particularly the question of “Can machines think?”, which is considered a critical issue in moral education in the age of artificial intelligence. Methods: To this end, the direction of moral education in the AI era is sought through analysis and reflective discourse on literature materials related to digital technologies such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence (AI), big data and machine learning. Results: From the perspective of moral education in the era of artificial intelligence, this study discusses the classification of Artificial Moral Agents (AMA) and the application of ethics, focusing on reflective discourse on science and technological civilization. In other words, it examines three principles of machine construction based on Stuart Russell’s belief in “beneficial machines” from the perspective of “preference”, presents Moors four stages of AMAs, and addresses the concept of explicit ethical agents in the third stage. Additionally, it explores Heidegger's critique of technological civilization and discusses creativity in relation to the controversies surrounding artificial intelligence. Conclusion: Based on this, the present study explored the potential application of moral education in artificial intelligence through the question “Can machines think?”, which can be a core topic in the field of artificial intelligence.
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Noor, Sifatun. "“I'm yours, and I'm not yours”: Reinventing the Genesis of Creation in a Posthuman World." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (2023): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.84.45.
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The aim of this study is to discuss and examine the film Her, in relation to the story of Genesis. This will allow us to study the concept of humans from the inception to the contemporary world and address how women as the ‘other’ have always been excluded from that category. The emergence of AI, machines, or cyborgs as the new social entities in the context of posthumanism, as portrayed in the film manages to widen the border of the exclusive category of ‘human’ and helps women to build a place for themselves within it. In addition, the relationship between Theodore and Samantha contradicts the typical relationship of the male-dominated world and finds similarities with the story of Adam and Eve and their creation. The study uses the film, Her, to develop the argument that the posthuman approach is an ideal path to stretch the borders of the category of ‘humans’ and make it more inclusive.
Books on the topic "Relation humans-machines"
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Bell, Daniel, and Wang Pei. Just Hierarchy. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691200897.001.0001.
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All complex and large-scale societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. This book contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as the book shows, it is neither possible nor advisable to do away with social hierarchies. The book ask which forms of hierarchy are justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. It looks at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why? The book argues that it depends on the nature of the social relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have governed us in the past. The book examines how hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only in personal domains but also in larger political realms.
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Marsh, Allison. The Factory. ABC-CLIO, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400649462.
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The book goes beyond the assembly line to examine the physical environment of the industrial landscape. What machines are used to make cars and computer chips? Who are the people who make the products? When did robots replace humans on the assembly line? Why are factories configured the way they are? The Factory: A Social History of Work and Technology answers these questions and more, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look into the wonders of mass production. The book traces the history of the factory from the first small cottage workshop through the Industrial Revolution to the large, clean room it is today. It also examines the people behind the machines and how their roles have been defined by the design of factory buildings. Lastly, it illustrates the broader world of industrialization in relation to the effects it has had on workers and the consumer society that feeds it.
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Heßler, Martina, and Kevin Liggieri, eds. Technikanthropologie. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845287959.
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This handbook provides an overview of approaches to, and methods and topics on a historical anthropology of technology. This includes basic concepts, the variety of human technical concepts, technicised practices and the technicisation of senses and skills. Furthermore, it presents important representatives of an anthropology of technology since the early modern period. With its interdisciplinary approach, this volume historically and systematically approaches various problems relating to humans and machines that are currently being debated. At the centre of attention is the quintessential anthropological question of what a ‘human being’ is with respect to technology. However, this consideration does not derive from the concept of a unique, unchanging essence of man, but examines the historical changes of man through and with technology. Particularly in light of new technologies such as digitisation and artificial intelligence research, the relationship between humans and machines is once again on the agenda, in which humans and humanity seem to be the subject of discussion.
Book chapters on the topic "Relation humans-machines"
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Bothe, Hans-Heinrich. "Relations of Audio and Visual Speech Signals in a Physical Feature Space: Implications for the Hearing-impaired." In Speechreading by Humans and Machines, 445–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13015-5_34.
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Gamberini, Luciano, and Anna Spagnolli. "Towards a Definition of Symbiotic Relations Between Humans and Machines." In Symbiotic Interaction, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57753-1_1.
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Okyere-Manu, Beatrice Dedaa. "Shifting Intimate Sexual Relations from Humans to Machines: An African Indigenous Ethical Perspective." In African Values, Ethics, and Technology, 105–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70550-3_7.
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Nowotny, Helga. "Digital Humanism: Navigating the Tensions Ahead." In Perspectives on Digital Humanism, 317–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86144-5_43.
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AbstractThe assumption of digital humanism that a human-centered approach is possible in the design, use, and further development of AI entails an alignment with human values. If the more ambitious goal of building a good digital society along the co-evolutionary path between humans and the digital machines invented by them is to be reached, inherent tensions need to be confronted. Some of them are the result of already existing inequalities and divergent economic, social, and political interests, exacerbated by the impact of digital technologies. Others arise from the question what makes us human and how our interaction with digital machines changes our identity and relations to each other. If digital humanism is to succeed, a widely shared set of practices and attitudes is needed that sensitize us to the diversity of social contexts in which digital technologies are deployed and how to deal with complex, non-linear systems.
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Donati, Pierpaolo. "Impact of AI/Robotics on Human Relations: Co-evolution Through Hybridisation." In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 213–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_18.
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AbstractThis chapter examines how the processes of human enhancement that have been brought about by the digital revolution (including AI and robotics, besides ICTs) have given rise to new social identities and relationships. The central question consists in asking how the Digital Technological Matrix, understood as a cultural code that supports artificial intelligence and related technologies, causes a hybridisation between the human and the non-human, and to what extent such hybridisation promotes or puts human dignity at risk. Hybridisation is defined here as entanglements and interchanges between digital machines, their ways of operating, and human elements in social practices. The issue is not whether AI or robots can assume human-like characteristics, but how they interact with humans and affect their social identities and relationships, thereby generating a new kind of society.
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Broeckmann, Christoph, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, Bengt Hallstedt, Ulrich Krupp, Ali Rajaei, Michael Rom, Maximilian Rudack, Georg J. Schmitz, and Sebastian Wesselmecking. "Materials Within a Digitalized Production Environment." In Internet of Production, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98062-7_6-1.
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AbstractMaterials serve as the foundation of the technical framework on which modern society relies every day. Generations have developed new materials, tried to understand the origins of their properties, and found ways to predict them. Modern computational tools have vastly expanded our capabilities to make predictions, not only of material properties but also of component properties and of the component health status over its life cycle. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) aims at simulating the material and component properties along the complete process chain and across the length scales from microstructure to component scale. In this way a digital twin of the material or component can be generated, which can be leveraged to facilitate gains in productivity and service life of technical systems. By reducing the complexity of models for the digital twin where necessary, combining them with in-process data using innovative sensor technology and suitable mathematically driven approximation procedures such as machine learning, it is possible to conceive a digital material shadow that resolves elements of the dilemma between data granularity, data volume, and processing speed to enable process monitoring and control for materials processing. To enable communication between humans and machines it is necessary to create a strictly defined language in the form of ontologies. Ontologies are typically domain-specific, but care must be taken to make them consistent across domains. Integrated Structural Health Engineering (ISHE) aims at predicting and monitoring the health state of components over their entire life cycle, enabling timely replacement of components and avoiding costly and possibly life-threatening failures. In particular when components are subjected to cyclic loading, their structural health does not primarily depend on the average material properties, but on the presence of more or less statistically distributed defects. These defects are intrinsic to materials processing, cannot be completely avoided, and evolve during various stages of the production process. The objective of ISHE is to predict their formation and evolution during the production process and their impact on the component structural health during its life cycle. It is clear that the material and component properties are strongly dependent on the process by which they are produced. Therefore, many of the topics discussed in this part have relational counterparts in Part IV: Production.
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Broeckmann, Christoph, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, Bengt Hallstedt, Ulrich Krupp, Ali Rajaei, Michael Rom, Maximilian Rudack, Georg J. Schmitz, and Sebastian Wesselmecking. "Materials Within a Digitalized Production Environment." In Internet of Production, 139–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44497-5_6.
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AbstractMaterials serve as the foundation of the technical framework on which modern society relies every day. Generations have developed new materials, tried to understand the origins of their properties, and found ways to predict them. Modern computational tools have vastly expanded our capabilities to make predictions, not only of material properties but also of component properties and of the component health status over its life cycle. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) aims at simulating the material and component properties along the complete process chain and across the length scales from microstructure to component scale. In this way a digital twin of the material or component can be generated, which can be leveraged to facilitate gains in productivity and service life of technical systems. By reducing the complexity of models for the digital twin where necessary, combining them with in-process data using innovative sensor technology and suitable mathematically driven approximation procedures such as machine learning, it is possible to conceive a digital material shadow that resolves elements of the dilemma between data granularity, data volume, and processing speed to enable process monitoring and control for materials processing. To enable communication between humans and machines it is necessary to create a strictly defined language in the form of ontologies. Ontologies are typically domain-specific, but care must be taken to make them consistent across domains. Integrated Structural Health Engineering (ISHE) aims at predicting and monitoring the health state of components over their entire life cycle, enabling timely replacement of components and avoiding costly and possibly life-threatening failures. In particular when components are subjected to cyclic loading, their structural health does not primarily depend on the average material properties, but on the presence of more or less statistically distributed defects. These defects are intrinsic to materials processing, cannot be completely avoided, and evolve during various stages of the production process. The objective of ISHE is to predict their formation and evolution during the production process and their impact on the component structural health during its life cycle. It is clear that the material and component properties are strongly dependent on the process by which they are produced. Therefore, many of the topics discussed in this part have relational counterparts in Part IV, “Production”.
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Bell, Daniel A., and Wang Pei. "Just Hierarchy between Humans and Machines." In Just Hierarchy, 177–206. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691200897.003.0006.
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This chapter turns to the need to maintain dominance over increasingly intelligent machines. It argues that machines can and should serve human interests—in that sense, they should be slaves—and it is important to maintain such hierarchical relations of dominance. Here Marxism provides intellectual inspiration: the ideal of higher communism, with artificially intelligent machines doing socially necessary labor and humans freed to realize their creative essences, may be feasible several decades from now. But the state cannot and should not “wither away”: a strong state will always be necessary to ensure that artificial intelligence does not invert the human–machine relation with humans on top and machines on the bottom. But in the short to medium term, this chapter explains that Confucianism can help us to think of how to meet the challenge of artificial intelligence so that machines continue to serve human purposes.
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Stuhler, Oscar, Dustin S. Stoltz, and John Levi Martin. "Meaning and Machines." In The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Machine Learning. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197653609.013.9.
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Abstract Given the non-sentient nature of current machines, it can be puzzling to attempt to use ideas regarding “meaning” to explicate their results, even when these involve language outputs, often considered the acme of meaning creation. This chapter proposes a formal approach to meaning that treats it as a dyad of a relation of reference, allowing a clear translation to the case of data analysis, and considers the ways that machine learning may be used to help human analysts explore the meanings in some set of data. Building on the two ways (formal and informal) that humans learn language, the chapter proposes that there are two promising approaches to using machines, a more formal, grammar-based, one, and a more informal, embedding-based, one. Each of these has certain advantages and disadvantages, and the chapter suggests ways that analysts can best make use of developing technologies as opposed to letting their theoretical imagination be hijacked by the path of the development of computer science.
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Britnell, Mark. "AI, robotics and digital disruption—rise of the humans?" In Human: Solving the global workforce crisis in healthcare, 119–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836520.003.0015.
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The McKinsey Global Institute suggests productivity could increase by nearly 50%, boosting the economy at a time of lacklustre productivity growth and helping offset the impact of a declining share of the population being of working age. Investing in automation at scale can enhance productivity. Today, advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, in which machines mimic cognitive functions such as learning and problem solving, are ushering in a new age of automation as machines match or outperform humans in a range of work activities, including those requiring cognitive capabilities. In this chapter, Mark Britnell looks at the advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, and digital tools in relation to healthcare systems and healthcare workers, all with the aim of improving the quality of care.
Conference papers on the topic "Relation humans-machines"
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Marsi, Erwin, and Emiel Krahmer. "Classification of semantic relations by humans and machines." In the ACL Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1631862.1631863.
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She, Manrong, Yi Hu, and Zhizhong Li. "Exploring the effects of speech speed and environmental noise on human and machine performance in civil air traffic control communication tasks." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004420.
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Considering the relative strengths of humans and machines may not be static, this study investigates the effects of speech speed and environmental noise on human and machine performance in the context of civil air traffic control communication. 32 participants were recruited to perform route selection, parameter setting and radio adjustment according to the voice commands from the control tower. Their performance was evaluated with respect to varying levels of speech speed, environmental noise and time pressure. Additionally, human performance was compared to that of a machine (i.e. a voice recognition software). The experimental results showed that both speech speed and environmental noise had significant effects on human performance in terms of recognition accuracy and operation accuracy. Humans excel in situations with high noise and low speech speed, while machines outperform humans when dealing with high speech speed and low noise. The findings demonstrate that a static human-machine function allocation method may not always yield optimal results. Suggestions are provided on how to develop a dynamic allocation method.
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Gobira, Pablo, Priscila Rezende Portugal, and Emanuelle de Oliveira Silva. "The hypercortex and the context of the convergence of art with info-cognotechnologies." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.75.
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The work presented here brings a reflection originated from the group Laboratório de Poéticas Fronteiriças (http://labfront.tk), registered at Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development directory and certified by the State University of Minas Gerais. Here we show a snippet, based on some of our bibliographical research, that aims to bring together a specific aspect of digital arts known as “telematic art”. Besides being expressed through telematics systems, we understand telematic artworks in regards to their connections to infotechnologies and cognotechnologies in the context of the scientific and technological convergence we are currently navigating through. Infotechnologies deal directly with the moment in human history in which we have entered since half of the 20th century. An era based on information, where multiple technologies allow access to a large amount of data and knowledge, enabling for an even further development in research on various areas. It is a development from the usual way in which we access information, making for a more direct access to a multitude of means thanks to the implementation of digitally attained and sustained databases, research methods, and communication. Cognotechnologies, on the other hand, are the developments that allow for a cognitive connection. They artificially recreate how the human brain works, through neuroscientific discoveries and relating with the way our mind works, presenting itself as a disruptive technology enabling the extrapolation of traditional infotechnological interactions between humans and machines, enabling a sort of neural network to be developed where, thanks to the use of diverse specific technologies we can build a hyperconnection amongst people, mediated by the machine. Having said that, we bring to the discussion the idea of the hyper-cortex. It is anchored in the relationship between the idea of “shared global intelligence" and the extrapolation of humans’ brain-pan. The info-cognotechnological developments create a transformative and mediative individual cognitive processes hyper-cortex, changing the modus operandi of social relationships. This way, by understanding the biological function of the human cortex, which is directly connected to the hyper-cortex, we are able to realize the possibility of expanding its ability with the help of technological methods. Furthermore, these methods make it so that such human consciousness expansion transcends beyond its physical dimension, allowing for a linkage on the human-machine and machine-machine processes. This idea, here vastly supported by the reflections made by Roy Ascott (2003) as well as Pierre Levy (2017), deals directly with the possibilities of expansion of the human neocortex. In our work, we analyze digital artworks in which the info-cognotechnological dimension is poetically explored in search of a scientific, technological, and artistic convergence. With all this, we are able to demonstrate how different artworks end up conceptually – or in a theoretical-practical way – implementing what humanity experiences physically.
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Leventi-peetz, Anastasia-maria. "Human Machine Interaction and Security in the era of modern Machine Learning." In 9th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies - Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002963.
Full textAbstract:
It is realistic to describe Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the most important of emerging technologies because of its increasing dominance in almost every field of modern life and the crucial role it plays in boosting high-tech multidisciplinary developments integrated in steady innovations. The implementation of AI-based solutions for real world problems helps to create new insights into old problems and to produce unique knowledge about intractable problems which are too complex to be efficiently solved with conventional methods. Biomedical data analysis, computer-assisted drug discovery, pandemic predictions and preparedness are only but a few examples of applied research areas that use machine learning as a pivotal data evaluation tool. Such tools process enormous amounts of data trying to discover causal relations and risk factors and predict outcomes that for example can change the course of diseases. The growing number of remarkable achievements delivered by modern machine learning algorithms in the last years raises enthusiasm for all those things that AI can do. The value of the global artificial intelligence market was calculated at USD 136.55 billion in 2022 and is estimated to expand at an annual growth rate of 37.3% from 2023 to 2030. Novel machine-learning applications in finance, national security, health, criminal justice, transportation, smart cities etc. justify the forecast that AI will have a disruptive impact on economies, societies and governance. The traditional rule-based or expert systems, known in computer science since decades implement factual, widely accepted knowledge and heuristic of human experts and they operate by practically imitating the decision making process and reasoning functionalities of professionals. In contrast, modern statistical machine learning systems discover their own rules based on examples on the basis of vast amounts of training data introduced to them. Unfortunately the predictions of these systems are generally not understandable by humans and quite often they are neither definite or unique. Raising the accuracy of the algorithms doesn't improve the situation. Various multi-state initiatives and business programs have been already launched and are in progress to develop technical and ethical criteria for reliable and trustworthy artificial intelligence. Considering the complexity of famous leading machine learning models (up to hundreds of billion parameters) and the influence they can exercise for example by creating text and news and also fake news, generate technical articles, identify human emotions, identify illness etc. it is necessary to expand the definition of HMI (Human Machine Interface) and invent new security concepts associated with it. The definition of HMI has to be extended to account for real-time procedural interactions of humans with algorithms and machines, for instance when faces, body movement patterns, thoughts, emotions and so on are considered to become available for classification both with or without the person's consent. The focus of this work will be set upon contemporary technical shortcomings of machine learning systems that render the security of a plethora of new kinds of human machine interactions as inadequate. Examples will be given with the purpose to raise awareness about underestimated risks.